Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108743
Yucheng Pan , Xi Zhang , Aoyang Zhu, Donghang Gu, Yifan Liu, Wenchao Liu
Layered copper-based perovskites have a unique two-dimensional layered structure, excellent optical properties and controllable energy bands. The lead-free structure and environment-friendly properties make it a potential high-performance photocatalyst. Here, we introduce a novel layered copper-based perovskite (MBA)2CuCl4 (MBA=4-methoxybenzylaminum) catalyst and its application in photocatalytic degradation. Pure (MBA)2CuCl4 and sodium ion doped Na-(MBA)2CuCl4 nanocrystals were prepared by ligand-assisted reprecipitation. In order to introduce the piezoelectric effect, part of MBA ions was replaced by DFCBA ions to cause lattice symmetry breaking and thus the (MBA2-XDFCBAX)CuCl4 (DFCBA=3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium) composite nanocrystals were prepared. In the photocatalytic degradation test of Sudan Red (III), the 90 min degradation rate of Sudan Red (III) by (MBA)2CuCl4 nanocrystals reached 63.6%, while the degradation rate of 2.5%Na-(MBA)2CuCl4 nanocrystals under the same conditions was 91.8%, which was 1.44 times of that of (MBA)2CuCl4. The 90 min photo-piezoelectric catalytic efficiency of (MBA1.5DFCBA0.5)CuCl4 composite nanocrystals was 86.7%, which was 1.35 times of that of (MBA)2CuCl4 nanocrystals. Sodium ion doping and the introduction of DFCBA ions effectively enhanced catalytic degradation capacity.
{"title":"Layered copper-based perovskite (MBA)2CuCl4 nanocrystals and composites for catalytic degradation","authors":"Yucheng Pan , Xi Zhang , Aoyang Zhu, Donghang Gu, Yifan Liu, Wenchao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered copper-based perovskites have a unique two-dimensional layered structure, excellent optical properties and controllable energy bands. The lead-free structure and environment-friendly properties make it a potential high-performance photocatalyst. Here, we introduce a novel layered copper-based perovskite (MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> (MBA=4-methoxybenzylaminum) catalyst and its application in photocatalytic degradation. Pure (MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> and sodium ion doped Na-(MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals were prepared by ligand-assisted reprecipitation. In order to introduce the piezoelectric effect, part of MBA ions was replaced by DFCBA ions to cause lattice symmetry breaking and thus the (MBA<sub>2-X</sub>DFCBA<sub>X</sub>)CuCl<sub>4</sub> (DFCBA=3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium) composite nanocrystals were prepared. In the photocatalytic degradation test of Sudan Red (III), the 90 min degradation rate of Sudan Red (III) by (MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals reached 63.6%, while the degradation rate of 2.5%Na-(MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals under the same conditions was 91.8%, which was 1.44 times of that of (MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub>. The 90 min photo-piezoelectric catalytic efficiency of (MBA<sub>1.5</sub>DFCBA<sub>0.5</sub>)CuCl<sub>4</sub> composite nanocrystals was 86.7%, which was 1.35 times of that of (MBA)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals. Sodium ion doping and the introduction of DFCBA ions effectively enhanced catalytic degradation capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108743"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) used in aerospace applications often do not fully realize their performance due to poor fiber–matrix adhesion and delamination. In this work, aluminophosphate-based coatings are applied to carbon fibers to form a smooth transition layer between the fiber and an epoxy matrix. Aqueous solutions of aluminophosphate, aluminoborophosphate and aluminochromophosphate of different concentrations were used as coatings. The epoxy binder incorporated a phosphorus-containing monomer – triglycidyl phosphate.
This work is the first to show that triglycidyl phosphate diffuses into the aluminophosphate coating, forming a strong organic-inorganic matrix within the composite. The microstructure of the aluminophosphate layer on the carbon fiber surface was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. To optimize impregnation conditions, the effects of solution concentration and temperature on carbon fiber wettability were evaluated. The curing kinetics of the epoxy binder were analyzed using Thermokinetics 3.0 software, and technological regimes for producing CFRPs have been optimized.
Treating carbon fibers with aluminophosphate, followed by epoxy binder impregnation, enables the formation of an organic-inorganic matrix with a gradual compositional transition. This matrix reduced the CFRP's coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) by nearly half compared to standard epoxy-based CFRPs, while significantly increasing flexural modulus and interlaminar shear strength. These improvements stem from two factors: excellent wettability and filling of carbon fiber surface irregularities by the aluminophosphate, ensuring strong coating-fiber adhesion; and diffusion of the phosphorus-containing epoxy oligomer into the coating, providing superior adhesion to the epoxy matrix.
{"title":"Organic-inorganic matrices for carbon fiber reinforced polymers based on aluminophosphates and organophosphorus epoxy monomers","authors":"K.A. Andrianova , A.M. Gaifutdinov , L.M. Amirova , R.R. Amirov","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) used in aerospace applications often do not fully realize their performance due to poor fiber–matrix adhesion and delamination. In this work, aluminophosphate-based coatings are applied to carbon fibers to form a smooth transition layer between the fiber and an epoxy matrix. Aqueous solutions of aluminophosphate, aluminoborophosphate and aluminochromophosphate of different concentrations were used as coatings. The epoxy binder incorporated a phosphorus-containing monomer – triglycidyl phosphate.</div><div>This work is the first to show that triglycidyl phosphate diffuses into the aluminophosphate coating, forming a strong organic-inorganic matrix within the composite. The microstructure of the aluminophosphate layer on the carbon fiber surface was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. To optimize impregnation conditions, the effects of solution concentration and temperature on carbon fiber wettability were evaluated. The curing kinetics of the epoxy binder were analyzed using Thermokinetics 3.0 software, and technological regimes for producing CFRPs have been optimized.</div><div>Treating carbon fibers with aluminophosphate, followed by epoxy binder impregnation, enables the formation of an organic-inorganic matrix with a gradual compositional transition. This matrix reduced the CFRP's coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) by nearly half compared to standard epoxy-based CFRPs, while significantly increasing flexural modulus and interlaminar shear strength. These improvements stem from two factors: excellent wettability and filling of carbon fiber surface irregularities by the aluminophosphate, ensuring strong coating-fiber adhesion; and diffusion of the phosphorus-containing epoxy oligomer into the coating, providing superior adhesion to the epoxy matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108691"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108709
Roshan Kumar Jha, Sumantra Mandal
In this study, atomistic simulations have been performed to investigate the role of amorphous grain boundaries (AGBs) in mitigating radiation damage and influencing the mechanical properties of the Ni-Nb alloy. In this regard, AGBs of various GB thickness (i.e., 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, and 4 nm) have been constructed using molecular dynamics simulations. To investigate the radiation induced damage, the GB has been irradiated using primary-knock-on atom (PKA) with varying energies of 2.5 keV, 5 keV, and 10 keV, respectively, at 300 K. The simulation results indicate that as the thickness of AGBs increases from 1 nm to 4 nm, a significant reduction in the defect region width is observed during both the peak damage and residual stages. Notably, for an AGB thickness of 4 nm, the defect width decreases to one-fourth of that in the thin ordered pure Ni GB, with defects being completely absent in the bulk region under the simulated conditions. Finally, simulated tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of irradiation damage on the mechanical properties of different GBs. The simulated tensile results reveal that the thinner AGBs (1–2 nm) retained more strength after irradiation than the thicker ones (3–4 nm). This contrasting behavior is primarily attributed to the greater number of irradiation-induced defects generated in the bulk region of thinner AGBs (1–2 nm), which contribute to radiation-induced strengthening. In contrast, in thicker AGBs, these defects are more effectively absorbed, thus diminishing their strengthening effect.
{"title":"Influence of amorphous grain boundaries on radiation induced damage mitigation and its role on mechanical properties in Ni-Nb alloy","authors":"Roshan Kumar Jha, Sumantra Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, atomistic simulations have been performed to investigate the role of amorphous grain boundaries (AGBs) in mitigating radiation damage and influencing the mechanical properties of the Ni-Nb alloy. In this regard, AGBs of various GB thickness (i.e., 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, and 4 nm) have been constructed using molecular dynamics simulations. To investigate the radiation induced damage, the GB has been irradiated using primary-knock-on atom (PKA) with varying energies of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mo>_</mo><mtext>PKA</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>2.5 keV, 5 keV, and 10 keV, respectively, at 300 K. The simulation results indicate that as the thickness of AGBs increases from 1 nm to 4 nm, a significant reduction in the defect region width is observed during both the peak damage and residual stages. Notably, for an AGB thickness of 4 nm, the defect width decreases to one-fourth of that in the thin ordered pure Ni GB, with defects being completely absent in the bulk region under the simulated conditions. Finally, simulated tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of irradiation damage on the mechanical properties of different GBs. The simulated tensile results reveal that the thinner AGBs (1–2 nm) retained more strength after irradiation than the thicker ones (3–4 nm). This contrasting behavior is primarily attributed to the greater number of irradiation-induced defects generated in the bulk region of thinner AGBs (1–2 nm), which contribute to radiation-induced strengthening. In contrast, in thicker AGBs, these defects are more effectively absorbed, thus diminishing their strengthening effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108702
Charlotte Metral , Amélie Veillère , Catherine Debiemme-Chouvy , Angélique Wilson , Christine Labrugère-Sarroste , Jean-François Silvain
Metal matrix composites have proven to be promising materials in which carbonaceous materials, such as graphite, carbon fiber, diamond, graphene, or carbon nanotube, have been introduced as reinforcements due to their intrinsic properties. The dispersion of the carbon materials, more specifically for nanoscale ones, still remains a challenge to this day. The functionalization of carbon reinforcements is a way to help their dispersion in a metal matrix. In this work, graphite decorated with copper (Cu) nanodots is fabricated through a liquid or solid route. The surface of graphite was pre-treated with nitric acid, phosphoric acid or an ester phosphate (CP213, dispersing agent) prior to nanodot deposition. Two fabrication routes were investigated: the solid route based on thermal treatments of dendritic copper particles and graphite under controlled atmosphere (air then hydrogen), and the liquid route based on Cu(II) precipitation in solution in the presence of graphite. These synthesis techniques enable the control of the interface through the growth of Cu nanoparticles that are chemically bonded to the graphite. Depending on the graphite surface pre-treatment and on the technique used, the size and the surface density of the Cu nanodots vary. Via the solid route, the size of the nanodots is between 20 and 300 nm whereas the liquid route leads to Cu nanodots with a size distribution between 50 and 150 nm.
{"title":"Graphite decoration with copper nanodots: Influence of graphite pre-treatment and copper particle synthesis route","authors":"Charlotte Metral , Amélie Veillère , Catherine Debiemme-Chouvy , Angélique Wilson , Christine Labrugère-Sarroste , Jean-François Silvain","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal matrix composites have proven to be promising materials in which carbonaceous materials, such as graphite, carbon fiber, diamond, graphene, or carbon nanotube, have been introduced as reinforcements due to their intrinsic properties. The dispersion of the carbon materials, more specifically for nanoscale ones, still remains a challenge to this day. The functionalization of carbon reinforcements is a way to help their dispersion in a metal matrix. In this work, graphite decorated with copper (Cu) nanodots is fabricated through a liquid or solid route. The surface of graphite was pre-treated with nitric acid, phosphoric acid or an ester phosphate (CP213, dispersing agent) prior to nanodot deposition. Two fabrication routes were investigated: the solid route based on thermal treatments of dendritic copper particles and graphite under controlled atmosphere (air then hydrogen), and the liquid route based on Cu(II) precipitation in solution in the presence of graphite. These synthesis techniques enable the control of the interface through the growth of Cu nanoparticles that are chemically bonded to the graphite. Depending on the graphite surface pre-treatment and on the technique used, the size and the surface density of the Cu nanodots vary. Via the solid route, the size of the nanodots is between 20 and 300 nm whereas the liquid route leads to Cu nanodots with a size distribution between 50 and 150 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible sensors capable of mimicking human perception are critical for advancing humanoid robotics, yet their integration into dynamic robot-human interactions still faces challenges of limited sensing modalities. Herein, we report a dual-modal strain/pressure sensor fabricated by coupled MXene nanosheets with tussah silk/spandex composite fabric, leveraging the fabric’s 3D elastic structure and MXene’s exceptional conductivity to achieve detection of strain (strain range of 150%, GF of 6.21, and response/recovery time of 80/160 ms) and pressure (pressure range of 52 kPa, GF of -0.128 kPa-1, and response/recovery time of 80/180 ms), respectively. Therefore, the as-prepared sensor achieved full-body motion monitoring, including joints bending, electromyography signal, respiratory, and tactile pressure. When integrated into a robotic hand, the sensors enabled real-time discrimination of finger bending and grasping pressure, demonstrating its capability to endow robots with dual-sensory perception (strain and pressure), surpassing traditional uni-modal flexible sensors. Thus, this work provides a scalable method for multi-modal perception of flexible sensor, effectively bridging biological flexibility with robotic intelligence for next-generation interactive robots.
{"title":"MXene-enhanced tussah silk-spandex fabric for simultaneous strain/pressure dual-mode sensing in bio-inspired robotics","authors":"Junchi Ma, Yuguo Peng, Xinju Liu, Zhixuan Chen, Shuxin Li, Lanjie Xu, Jipeng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible sensors capable of mimicking human perception are critical for advancing humanoid robotics, yet their integration into dynamic robot-human interactions still faces challenges of limited sensing modalities. Herein, we report a dual-modal strain/pressure sensor fabricated by coupled MXene nanosheets with tussah silk/spandex composite fabric, leveraging the fabric’s 3D elastic structure and MXene’s exceptional conductivity to achieve detection of strain (strain range of 150%, GF of 6.21, and response/recovery time of 80/160 ms) and pressure (pressure range of 52 kPa, GF of -0.128 kPa<sup>-1</sup>, and response/recovery time of 80/180 ms), respectively. Therefore, the as-prepared sensor achieved full-body motion monitoring, including joints bending, electromyography signal, respiratory, and tactile pressure. When integrated into a robotic hand, the sensors enabled real-time discrimination of finger bending and grasping pressure, demonstrating its capability to endow robots with dual-sensory perception (strain and pressure), surpassing traditional uni-modal flexible sensors. Thus, this work provides a scalable method for multi-modal perception of flexible sensor, effectively bridging biological flexibility with robotic intelligence for next-generation interactive robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effective recovery of highly alkaline copper oxide ores remains a significant challenge, as the close mineralogical association between calcareous gangue and target minerals. To achieve flotation separation, the selective depressants are necessary, but traditional depressants have various limitations. In this study, a novel depressant containing multipolar groups, disodium glycerophosphate (DGP), was investigated for its selective depression of dolomite. Micro-flotation results for mixed minerals showed that 80 mg/L of DGP yielded a high malachite recovery of 91.61% while sharply suppressing dolomite recovery to 18.83%. These findings were validated by bench-scale tests on natural highly alkaline copper oxide ores (sulfidization-xanthate system), establishing DGP as a highly efficient selective depressant for carbonate gangue. The adsorption mechanisms of DGP were comprehensively elucidated through a combination of zeta potential measurements, contact angle analysis, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and DFT calculations. The results demonstrated that DGP selectively and strongly adsorbs onto the dolomite surface, significantly enhancing its hydrophilicity and thereby competitively inhibiting the subsequent adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL). The depression mechanism is primarily driven by the interaction between phosphate groups in DGP and the Ca/Mg active sites on the dolomite surface. These findings suggest that DGP provides a promising technical and methodological approach for enhancing the flotation efficiency of refractory copper oxide ores.
{"title":"Separation mechanism of malachite and dolomite using a novel depressant disodium glycerophosphate in copper oxide ore flotation","authors":"Xinzhuang Fu, Chuanxi Peng, Di Chen, Wenjun Fu, Wei Sun, Tong Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective recovery of highly alkaline copper oxide ores remains a significant challenge, as the close mineralogical association between calcareous gangue and target minerals. To achieve flotation separation, the selective depressants are necessary, but traditional depressants have various limitations. In this study, a novel depressant containing multipolar groups, disodium glycerophosphate (DGP), was investigated for its selective depression of dolomite. Micro-flotation results for mixed minerals showed that 80 mg/L of DGP yielded a high malachite recovery of 91.61% while sharply suppressing dolomite recovery to 18.83%. These findings were validated by bench-scale tests on natural highly alkaline copper oxide ores (sulfidization-xanthate system), establishing DGP as a highly efficient selective depressant for carbonate gangue. The adsorption mechanisms of DGP were comprehensively elucidated through a combination of zeta potential measurements, contact angle analysis, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and DFT calculations. The results demonstrated that DGP selectively and strongly adsorbs onto the dolomite surface, significantly enhancing its hydrophilicity and thereby competitively inhibiting the subsequent adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL). The depression mechanism is primarily driven by the interaction between phosphate groups in DGP and the Ca/Mg active sites on the dolomite surface. These findings suggest that DGP provides a promising technical and methodological approach for enhancing the flotation efficiency of refractory copper oxide ores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108688"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108696
Benliang Hou , Thu Thuy Duong , Yubin Chang , Yea Eun Lee , Seung Hyun Kim , Hoyoul Kong , Juyoung Kim , Se Hyun Kim , Hyeok-jin Kwon
We report the design of a siloxane-based organic–inorganic hybrid dielectric system that simultaneously achieves high permittivity, interfacial stability, and controlled moisture interaction, essential for reliable low-voltage organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The hybrid films were synthesized via controlled sol-gel processing of amphiphilic urethane precursors, alkoxysilanes, and fluorinated siloxane modifiers, yielding homogeneous structures with tunable thickness and suppressed phase separation. Polar functionalities embedded in the bulk enhance dipolar polarization and dielectric constant (higher than 5), while fluorinated surface layers effectively suppress moisture-induced interfacial trapping at the dielectric/organic semiconductor interface. The integrated hybrid architecture enables stable operation of OTFTs under low bias, demonstrating the potential of this approach for robust and scalable flexible electronic devices.
{"title":"Hydroxyl-rich siloxane hybrid dielectric with moisture-enhanced dipolar polarization and hydrophobic surface passivation for stable low-voltage OTFTs","authors":"Benliang Hou , Thu Thuy Duong , Yubin Chang , Yea Eun Lee , Seung Hyun Kim , Hoyoul Kong , Juyoung Kim , Se Hyun Kim , Hyeok-jin Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the design of a siloxane-based organic–inorganic hybrid dielectric system that simultaneously achieves high permittivity, interfacial stability, and controlled moisture interaction, essential for reliable low-voltage organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The hybrid films were synthesized via controlled sol-gel processing of amphiphilic urethane precursors, alkoxysilanes, and fluorinated siloxane modifiers, yielding homogeneous structures with tunable thickness and suppressed phase separation. Polar functionalities embedded in the bulk enhance dipolar polarization and dielectric constant (higher than 5), while fluorinated surface layers effectively suppress moisture-induced interfacial trapping at the dielectric/organic semiconductor interface. The integrated hybrid architecture enables stable operation of OTFTs under low bias, demonstrating the potential of this approach for robust and scalable flexible electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108715
Shin Kyo , Kenji Yamazaki , Tsutomu Uchida
Methane (CH4)-hydrate formation is promoted by ultrafine bubbles, or UFBs, but it is unknown which of two types of UFBs, bulk or surface, dominate the promotion effect. Here we use a liquid atomic force microscope (AFM) to examine the formation, stability, and properties of surface UFBs from CH4-hydrate dissociated water on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. To distinguish surface UFBs from impurities, we use force-curve mapping at various setpoints. Surface UFBs have a hemisphere shape with diameters of 30 ∼ 230 nm, heights of 10 ∼ 30 nm, and a number density of about 1 μm-2. From the setpoint dependence of the force-curve mapping on the UFB size, we find that the inner pressure of surface UFBs is usually between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa. As this pressure is much lower than that of a typical bulk UFB, we conclude that most of the surface UFBs likely form from supersaturated CH4. The surface UFBs are stable for over 48 h at atmospheric pressure, but their stability depends on the bulk UFB concentration. These results may be useful in industry, particularly in applications that involve the memory effect of gas hydrates.
{"title":"Liquid-AFM observation of surface-ultrafine bubbles on hydrophobic solid surface in methane-hydrate dissociated water","authors":"Shin Kyo , Kenji Yamazaki , Tsutomu Uchida","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)-hydrate formation is promoted by ultrafine bubbles, or UFBs, but it is unknown which of two types of UFBs, bulk or surface, dominate the promotion effect. Here we use a liquid atomic force microscope (AFM) to examine the formation, stability, and properties of surface UFBs from CH<sub>4</sub>-hydrate dissociated water on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. To distinguish surface UFBs from impurities, we use force-curve mapping at various setpoints. Surface UFBs have a hemisphere shape with diameters of 30 ∼ 230 nm, heights of 10 ∼ 30 nm, and a number density of about 1 μm<sup>-2</sup>. From the setpoint dependence of the force-curve mapping on the UFB size, we find that the inner pressure of surface UFBs is usually between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa. As this pressure is much lower than that of a typical bulk UFB, we conclude that most of the surface UFBs likely form from supersaturated CH<sub>4</sub>. The surface UFBs are stable for over 48 h at atmospheric pressure, but their stability depends on the bulk UFB concentration. These results may be useful in industry, particularly in applications that involve the memory effect of gas hydrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108694
Mengyao Gao, Xing Fan, Yakun Zhang, Xin Xiang
A series of Cu/TiO2 catalysts, including Cu(N)/TiO2, Cu(S)/TiO2, Cu(N)-Cu(S)/TiO2, and Cu(N)-H2SO4/TiO2, were prepared in this study, using Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, both Cu(NO3)2 and CuSO4, and H2SO4-mediated Cu(NO3)2 as precursors, respectively, for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO). Catalytic performance evaluation shows that increasing the Cu loading in Cu(N)/TiO2 enhances the low-temperature catalytic activity but decreases the high-temperature N2 selectivity. 4.0Cu(N)/TiO2 exhibits relatively high activity and N2 selectivity simultaneously, with N2O and NOx (NO and NO2) as the dominant byproducts below and above 300 °C, respectively. For a given Cu loading, Cu(S)/TiO2 shows lower activity but higher N2 selectivity, indicating the highly active nature of CuO species and highly selective nature of sulfate species. Using both Cu(NO3)2 and CuSO4 as precursors ensures a balance between the catalytic activity and N2 selectivity, with 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO2 exhibiting the best performance, achieving a T90 of 295 °C and N2 selectivity above 80% at temperatures below 350 °C under dry conditions. Substituting CuSO4 with an equivalent molar amount of H2SO4 further reduces the activity while enhancing the N2 selectivity. The presence of 2% H2O in the feed gas shows adverse effects on NH3 oxidation, but has limited effects on N2 selectivity. Characterization results indicate that compared to 4.0Cu(N)/TiO2, 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO2 has less Cu sites but more S sites exposed on the surface, and it exhibits lower reducibility of CuO species but increased surface acidity owing to the strong acid sites associated with sulfate species. These explain the lower activity and higher N2 selectivity of 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO2 than those of 4.0Cu(N)/TiO2. The surface sulfates on 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO2 act as strong Brønsted acid sites, facilitating NH3 adsorption and storage at high temperatures, which promotes reduction of the generated NOx via the internal selective catalytic reduction (i-SCR) mechanism, thereby enhancing N2 selectivity.
{"title":"CuSO4-modified CuO/TiO2 catalysts for NH3-SCO at low-medium temperatures","authors":"Mengyao Gao, Xing Fan, Yakun Zhang, Xin Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts, including Cu(N)/TiO<sub>2</sub>, Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub>, Cu(N)-Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Cu(N)-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>, were prepared in this study, using Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, CuSO<sub>4</sub>, both Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-mediated Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as precursors, respectively, for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-SCO). Catalytic performance evaluation shows that increasing the Cu loading in Cu(N)/TiO<sub>2</sub> enhances the low-temperature catalytic activity but decreases the high-temperature N<sub>2</sub> selectivity. 4.0Cu(N)/TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibits relatively high activity and N<sub>2</sub> selectivity simultaneously, with N<sub>2</sub>O and NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> (NO and NO<sub>2</sub>) as the dominant byproducts below and above 300 °C, respectively. For a given Cu loading, Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub> shows lower activity but higher N<sub>2</sub> selectivity, indicating the highly active nature of CuO species and highly selective nature of sulfate species. Using both Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub> as precursors ensures a balance between the catalytic activity and N<sub>2</sub> selectivity, with 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibiting the best performance, achieving a <em>T</em><sub>90</sub> of 295 °C and N<sub>2</sub> selectivity above 80% at temperatures below 350 °C under dry conditions. Substituting CuSO<sub>4</sub> with an equivalent molar amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> further reduces the activity while enhancing the N<sub>2</sub> selectivity. The presence of 2% H<sub>2</sub>O in the feed gas shows adverse effects on NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation, but has limited effects on N<sub>2</sub> selectivity. Characterization results indicate that compared to 4.0Cu(N)/TiO<sub>2</sub>, 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub> has less Cu sites but more S sites exposed on the surface, and it exhibits lower reducibility of CuO species but increased surface acidity owing to the strong acid sites associated with sulfate species. These explain the lower activity and higher N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub> than those of 4.0Cu(N)/TiO<sub>2</sub>. The surface sulfates on 4.0Cu(N)-1.6Cu(S)/TiO<sub>2</sub> act as strong Brønsted acid sites, facilitating NH<sub>3</sub> adsorption and storage at high temperatures, which promotes reduction of the generated NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> via the internal selective catalytic reduction (i-SCR) mechanism, thereby enhancing N<sub>2</sub> selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108705
Wuxiu Ding , Duo Sun , Lan Zhang , Hongyi Wang , Yang Zhao , Weiguo He , Zhigang Du , Yongyan Yan
Applying protective coatings to the surface of stone heritage is one of the most common methods for its preservation. To enhance the weathering resistance of the limestone heritages, MIL-53@FS, a hydrophobic metal-organic framework (MOF) composite, was prepared through fluorosilane modification of MIL-53-OH synthesized via a solvothermal method. Characterization analyses were conducted using SEM, XRD, TGA, and FTIR techniques. The results indicated that MIL-53@FS maintained its well-ordered framework structure and certain porosity, while forming a continuous and uniform hydrophobic coating, leading to a significant increase of water contact angle to 127.14° and enhanced thermal stability. It exhibited excellent corrosion resistance, anti-icing performance, and color compatibility in the application tests, holding a promising outlook for protecting limestone-based heritages.
{"title":"Fluorosilane-modified MIL-53(Al) with enhanced hydrophobic performance for stone heritage conservation","authors":"Wuxiu Ding , Duo Sun , Lan Zhang , Hongyi Wang , Yang Zhao , Weiguo He , Zhigang Du , Yongyan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying protective coatings to the surface of stone heritage is one of the most common methods for its preservation. To enhance the weathering resistance of the limestone heritages, MIL-53@FS, a hydrophobic metal-organic framework (MOF) composite, was prepared through fluorosilane modification of MIL-53-OH synthesized via a solvothermal method. Characterization analyses were conducted using SEM, XRD, TGA, and FTIR techniques. The results indicated that MIL-53@FS maintained its well-ordered framework structure and certain porosity, while forming a continuous and uniform hydrophobic coating, leading to a significant increase of water contact angle to 127.14° and enhanced thermal stability. It exhibited excellent corrosion resistance, anti-icing performance, and color compatibility in the application tests, holding a promising outlook for protecting limestone-based heritages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 108705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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