Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-20250
Marcos V. M. MORAIS, Renata M. SOUZA, Alexandre T. FERREIRA, Lucíola F. BARROS, Lucca G. B. PEREIRA, Tailson J. A. RODRIGUES
Aim of study: To assess the effects of dietary supplementation with garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder as a growth-promoting additive on the productive performance, carcass traits, intestinal biometrics, and lymphoid organ development of broilers.
Area of study: Machado, Minas Gerais, southeast region of Brazil.
Material and methods: A total of 660 one-day-old chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g/kg garlic powder), 6 replications, and 22 animals per experimental unit during 42 days of production, divided into phases: initial (1 to 7 days), growth (8 to 22 days), and finishing (23 to 42 days).
Main results: In the total production period, the birds that were fed rations containing 5, 7.5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder showed increased weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Among the carcass yield variables, live weight and carcass yield showed a positive linear effect (p<0.05). Birds supplemented with garlic powder showed increased weight (p<0.05) and relative length of the small intestine (p<0.05). The absolute weight of the lymphoid organs, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, and the relative weight of the thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen also increased linearly with the level of dietary supplementation with garlic powder (p<0.05).
Research highlights: Dietary supplementation with 5 g/kg and higher concentrations of garlic powder is recommended as a growth promoter for broilers because this feed additive enhances lymphoid organ development, improves intestinal biometric variables and consequently maximises the productive performance and carcass yield of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age.
{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with garlic powder (Allium sativum L.) on broiler performance, carcass traits, lymphoid organ development and intestinal biometrics","authors":"Marcos V. M. MORAIS, Renata M. SOUZA, Alexandre T. FERREIRA, Lucíola F. BARROS, Lucca G. B. PEREIRA, Tailson J. A. RODRIGUES","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20250","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To assess the effects of dietary supplementation with garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder as a growth-promoting additive on the productive performance, carcass traits, intestinal biometrics, and lymphoid organ development of broilers.
 Area of study: Machado, Minas Gerais, southeast region of Brazil.
 Material and methods: A total of 660 one-day-old chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g/kg garlic powder), 6 replications, and 22 animals per experimental unit during 42 days of production, divided into phases: initial (1 to 7 days), growth (8 to 22 days), and finishing (23 to 42 days).
 Main results: In the total production period, the birds that were fed rations containing 5, 7.5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder showed increased weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Among the carcass yield variables, live weight and carcass yield showed a positive linear effect (p<0.05). Birds supplemented with garlic powder showed increased weight (p<0.05) and relative length of the small intestine (p<0.05). The absolute weight of the lymphoid organs, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, and the relative weight of the thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen also increased linearly with the level of dietary supplementation with garlic powder (p<0.05).
 Research highlights: Dietary supplementation with 5 g/kg and higher concentrations of garlic powder is recommended as a growth promoter for broilers because this feed additive enhances lymphoid organ development, improves intestinal biometric variables and consequently maximises the productive performance and carcass yield of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-20275
Mary Carmen PACHECO-ESTEVA, Delia SOTO-CASTRO, Jaime RUIZ-VEGA, María Eugenia OCHOA, Pedro MONTES-GARCÍA
Aim of study: To determine if secondary metabolites present in an ethanolic extract of Salmea scandens could be considered as a viable alternative for the control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda larvae), as this is the most important maize pest in terms of economic losses to agriculture worldwide.
Area of study: S. scandens shrubs were collected in San Rafael Toltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. The laboratory assays were conducted at CIIDIR Oaxaca, and preliminary field assay was carried out in Zaachila Oaxaca.
Material and methods: N-isobutyl-(2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z)-dodecatetraenamides-rich extract of S. scandens, corroborated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), was obtained from S. scandens by 10-day maceration in ethanol. The effect of the extract on the mortality of S. frugiperda larvae was investigated in the laboratory (in vitro) by topical application, and in the field (in situ), testing both topical and spraying applications.
Main results: The 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR spectra evidenced the obtention of the alkylamides-rich ethanol extract of S. scandens. Mortality of S. frugiperda in vitro increased with dose and monitoring time, reaching up to 80%. Under field conditions 63% of mortality was recorded at a dose of 0.30 mg µL-1 per larva by topical application, and 49% by spray application at a dose of 0.15 mg µL-1 per larva.
Research highlights: The ethanolic extract of S. scandens can be considered a viable alternative for controlling fall armyworm S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Larvicidal effect of an N-isobutyl-(2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z)-dodecatetraenamides-rich extract of Salmea scandens on fall armyworm","authors":"Mary Carmen PACHECO-ESTEVA, Delia SOTO-CASTRO, Jaime RUIZ-VEGA, María Eugenia OCHOA, Pedro MONTES-GARCÍA","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20275","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To determine if secondary metabolites present in an ethanolic extract of Salmea scandens could be considered as a viable alternative for the control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda larvae), as this is the most important maize pest in terms of economic losses to agriculture worldwide.
 Area of study: S. scandens shrubs were collected in San Rafael Toltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. The laboratory assays were conducted at CIIDIR Oaxaca, and preliminary field assay was carried out in Zaachila Oaxaca.
 Material and methods: N-isobutyl-(2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z)-dodecatetraenamides-rich extract of S. scandens, corroborated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), was obtained from S. scandens by 10-day maceration in ethanol. The effect of the extract on the mortality of S. frugiperda larvae was investigated in the laboratory (in vitro) by topical application, and in the field (in situ), testing both topical and spraying applications.
 Main results: The 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR spectra evidenced the obtention of the alkylamides-rich ethanol extract of S. scandens. Mortality of S. frugiperda in vitro increased with dose and monitoring time, reaching up to 80%. Under field conditions 63% of mortality was recorded at a dose of 0.30 mg µL-1 per larva by topical application, and 49% by spray application at a dose of 0.15 mg µL-1 per larva.
 Research highlights: The ethanolic extract of S. scandens can be considered a viable alternative for controlling fall armyworm S. frugiperda.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-20233
María Sol VILLAVERDE, Ayelén MAYO, Hugo M. ARELOVICH, Rodrigo D. BRAVO, Mariano MENGHINI, Marcela F. MARTÍNEZ
Aim of study: We evaluated the use of oat grain as an alternative source of energy to maize grain in high energy finishing diets. Maize crop production in arid and semi-arid areas is poor or non-existent. Thus, small grains such as oats have become an alternative in high energy rations due to their versatility and ease of cultivation.
Area of study: Semiarid region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Material and methods: Sixteen Angus steers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments based on whole oats grain (OD) or whole maize grain (MD) for 61 days. Diets were formulated iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Animal performance, carcass attributes and beef quality traits were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis steaks were wet-aged at 4°C for either 4 or 14 days.
Main results: Similar results were found between OD and MD for the variables of performance, carcass evaluation and water retention in fresh meat. No interactions between diet and ageing period were found for any of the variables evaluated. The MD beef was lighter and had a redder appearance than the OD beef. The 4 days-aged beef showed higher values of L*, a* and b* and was more saturated than the 14 days-aged beef. However, the perception of beef colour by the human eye, evaluated through the CIEDE2000 metric, showed no differences among diets and ageing periods.
Research highlights: Oat grain could be used in replacement of maize grain as an energy source in fattening rations of beef cattle, obtaining similar animal performance and meat quality.
{"title":"Animal performance, carcass characteristics and beef quality of steers fed with a whole oat or maize grain-based diet","authors":"María Sol VILLAVERDE, Ayelén MAYO, Hugo M. ARELOVICH, Rodrigo D. BRAVO, Mariano MENGHINI, Marcela F. MARTÍNEZ","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20233","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: We evaluated the use of oat grain as an alternative source of energy to maize grain in high energy finishing diets. Maize crop production in arid and semi-arid areas is poor or non-existent. Thus, small grains such as oats have become an alternative in high energy rations due to their versatility and ease of cultivation.
 Area of study: Semiarid region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
 Material and methods: Sixteen Angus steers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments based on whole oats grain (OD) or whole maize grain (MD) for 61 days. Diets were formulated iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Animal performance, carcass attributes and beef quality traits were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis steaks were wet-aged at 4°C for either 4 or 14 days.
 Main results: Similar results were found between OD and MD for the variables of performance, carcass evaluation and water retention in fresh meat. No interactions between diet and ageing period were found for any of the variables evaluated. The MD beef was lighter and had a redder appearance than the OD beef. The 4 days-aged beef showed higher values of L*, a* and b* and was more saturated than the 14 days-aged beef. However, the perception of beef colour by the human eye, evaluated through the CIEDE2000 metric, showed no differences among diets and ageing periods.
 Research highlights: Oat grain could be used in replacement of maize grain as an energy source in fattening rations of beef cattle, obtaining similar animal performance and meat quality.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-19920
Ibán VÁZQUEZ-GONZÁLEZ, Francisca RUIZ-ESCUDERO, Juan BUSQUÉ, Ana VILLAR
Aim of study: To analyse the territorial potential of Cantabria to produce grass-fed milk.
Area of study: Cantabria (N Spain) is a territory associated with livestock, in particular cattle and grasslands. Over the last few decades, the livestock sector has been immersed in a process of structural adjustment, leading to a reduction in the number of farms, an increase in their size and the intensification of production. Moreover, the market is being increasingly supplied with milk labelled “grass fed”, due to growing consumer interest in healthier and more environmentally friendly products.
Material and methods: To do this, 99 livestock farms were classified according to the percentage of fresh grass (FG) in the spring diet of the lactating cows (non-grass-fed: <25% FG; grass-fed: ≥25% FG); these were characterized and, subsequently, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to estimate the percentage of FG based on 41 territorial variables.
Main results: The predicted feeding model had an accuracy rate of 70.7%, and discriminated better the non-grass-fed, it had some limitations, suggesting that territorial structure is important but not enough to differentiate grass-fed milk. In addition, 33% of the farms studied produce grass-fed milk, but only half do so under territorial conditions typically associated with this type of production. Meanwhile, 12% of the farms, with similar territorial conditions, do not carry out this type of production (grass fed).
Research highlights: To support grass-fed production, other internal, cultural or economic values must be taken into account.
{"title":"Potential land use of Cantabria for grass-fed milk production","authors":"Ibán VÁZQUEZ-GONZÁLEZ, Francisca RUIZ-ESCUDERO, Juan BUSQUÉ, Ana VILLAR","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-19920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-19920","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To analyse the territorial potential of Cantabria to produce grass-fed milk.
 Area of study: Cantabria (N Spain) is a territory associated with livestock, in particular cattle and grasslands. Over the last few decades, the livestock sector has been immersed in a process of structural adjustment, leading to a reduction in the number of farms, an increase in their size and the intensification of production. Moreover, the market is being increasingly supplied with milk labelled “grass fed”, due to growing consumer interest in healthier and more environmentally friendly products.
 Material and methods: To do this, 99 livestock farms were classified according to the percentage of fresh grass (FG) in the spring diet of the lactating cows (non-grass-fed: <25% FG; grass-fed: ≥25% FG); these were characterized and, subsequently, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to estimate the percentage of FG based on 41 territorial variables.
 Main results: The predicted feeding model had an accuracy rate of 70.7%, and discriminated better the non-grass-fed, it had some limitations, suggesting that territorial structure is important but not enough to differentiate grass-fed milk. In addition, 33% of the farms studied produce grass-fed milk, but only half do so under territorial conditions typically associated with this type of production. Meanwhile, 12% of the farms, with similar territorial conditions, do not carry out this type of production (grass fed).
 Research highlights: To support grass-fed production, other internal, cultural or economic values must be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-19896
Edith MALDONADO-CASTRO, Ana L. HERNÁNDEZ-REYES, Beatriz ARELLANO-REYNOSO, Carlos G. GUTIÉRREZ, Marta ALONSO-HEARN, Gilberto CHÁVEZ-GRIS
Aim of study: To evaluate the infectivity of a MAP type C of a scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) - included in an international conservation list- that showed clinical signs and granulomatous enteritis associated with paratuberculosis in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) using molecular, bacteriological and pathological methodologies.
Area of study: The study was made in Tequisquiapan, Queretaro, CEIEPAA, FMVZ, UNAM, Mexico.
Material and methods: Three 6-week-old female New Zealand rabbits were orally infected for 3 consecutive days with 109 CFU of the MAP isolate. Blood and fecal samples were collected every 2 weeks for a total period of 28 weeks. IS900 PCR in blood and F57 real-time PCR in the feces were performed every 2 weeks and pathological analysis and bacteriological culture from tissue were made 28 weeks post infection.
Main results: MAP was detected by IS900 PCR in the blood of two of the three animals after 2 weeks of infection and again by F57 real-time PCR in the feces of the three infected rabbits. Infection with the MAP isolates in feces at 22 and 28 weeks post infection in one rabbit and isolate of vermiform appendix resulted in the development of granulomatous lesions in the three rabbits. The lesions were diffuse intermediate in one animal and multifocal in the other two rabbits.
Research highlights: Overall, these results demonstrated the infectivity of a MAP isolate from the scimitar oryx in rabbits.
{"title":"Clinical course and pathogenicity of a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolate from scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) in experimentally infected rabbits","authors":"Edith MALDONADO-CASTRO, Ana L. HERNÁNDEZ-REYES, Beatriz ARELLANO-REYNOSO, Carlos G. GUTIÉRREZ, Marta ALONSO-HEARN, Gilberto CHÁVEZ-GRIS","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-19896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-19896","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the infectivity of a MAP type C of a scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) - included in an international conservation list- that showed clinical signs and granulomatous enteritis associated with paratuberculosis in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) using molecular, bacteriological and pathological methodologies.
 Area of study: The study was made in Tequisquiapan, Queretaro, CEIEPAA, FMVZ, UNAM, Mexico.
 Material and methods: Three 6-week-old female New Zealand rabbits were orally infected for 3 consecutive days with 109 CFU of the MAP isolate. Blood and fecal samples were collected every 2 weeks for a total period of 28 weeks. IS900 PCR in blood and F57 real-time PCR in the feces were performed every 2 weeks and pathological analysis and bacteriological culture from tissue were made 28 weeks post infection.
 Main results: MAP was detected by IS900 PCR in the blood of two of the three animals after 2 weeks of infection and again by F57 real-time PCR in the feces of the three infected rabbits. Infection with the MAP isolates in feces at 22 and 28 weeks post infection in one rabbit and isolate of vermiform appendix resulted in the development of granulomatous lesions in the three rabbits. The lesions were diffuse intermediate in one animal and multifocal in the other two rabbits.
 Research highlights: Overall, these results demonstrated the infectivity of a MAP isolate from the scimitar oryx in rabbits.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135585173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of study: To quantify the data regarding soil compaction induced beneath the tillage working depth purely due to the tilling action of the different active tillage machinery in sandy loam soil.
Area of study: Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
Material and methods: The data were quantified in terms of cone index (CI), bulk density, and porosity. Its comparison was also made with conventional practice followed by the farmers, involving only passive-tillage tools (i.e. cultivator and disc harrow). The results did not represent the tractor-imposed soil compaction under the tires.
Main results: The maximum soil compaction beneath the working depth in terms of increment in soil CI occurred with rotavator followed by conventional practice, PTO-operated disc tiller, and power harrow, which are in the range of 6.67-7.05%, 5.17-5.29%, 4.29-4.97%, and 2.08-2.36%, respectively. The increment in bulk density was similar to that as mentioned above with values in the range of 3.96-4.06%, 2.30-2.42%, 1.71-1.88%, and 1.31-1.40%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum decrement in soil porosity occurred with rotavator followed by conventional practice, PTO-operated disc tiller, and power harrow which were in the range of 5.67-6.61%, 2.74-2.94%, 1.71-1.88%, and 2.06-2.25%, respectively.
Research highlights: The active tillage rotary machinery cause soil compaction due to the applied compressive force on the soil during their tilling action. They create optimal topsoil tilth but can compact deeper soil due to blade speed, necessitating the selection of ideal rotational and forward speeds to minimize this compaction.
{"title":"Analysis of soil compaction induced beneath the working depth due to tilling action of different active tillage machinery","authors":"Kumari NISHA, Ganesh UPADHYAY, Bharat PATEL, Naresh SIHAG, Swapnil CHOUDHARY, Vijaya RANI","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20351","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To quantify the data regarding soil compaction induced beneath the tillage working depth purely due to the tilling action of the different active tillage machinery in sandy loam soil.
 Area of study: Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
 Material and methods: The data were quantified in terms of cone index (CI), bulk density, and porosity. Its comparison was also made with conventional practice followed by the farmers, involving only passive-tillage tools (i.e. cultivator and disc harrow). The results did not represent the tractor-imposed soil compaction under the tires.
 Main results: The maximum soil compaction beneath the working depth in terms of increment in soil CI occurred with rotavator followed by conventional practice, PTO-operated disc tiller, and power harrow, which are in the range of 6.67-7.05%, 5.17-5.29%, 4.29-4.97%, and 2.08-2.36%, respectively. The increment in bulk density was similar to that as mentioned above with values in the range of 3.96-4.06%, 2.30-2.42%, 1.71-1.88%, and 1.31-1.40%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum decrement in soil porosity occurred with rotavator followed by conventional practice, PTO-operated disc tiller, and power harrow which were in the range of 5.67-6.61%, 2.74-2.94%, 1.71-1.88%, and 2.06-2.25%, respectively.
 Research highlights: The active tillage rotary machinery cause soil compaction due to the applied compressive force on the soil during their tilling action. They create optimal topsoil tilth but can compact deeper soil due to blade speed, necessitating the selection of ideal rotational and forward speeds to minimize this compaction.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-19688
Thomas A. AYORINDE, Oseni K. OWOLARAFE
Aim of study: To develop a kenaf harvesting technology, that will improve kenaf production efficiency. This study evaluated the effect of some operation parameters on the performance of a tractor-mounted kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) harvester.
Area of study: The experiment was performed at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.
Material and methods: The experiment was initiated after 10 weeks of planting kenaf on the experimental field. The experimental design was a 3 × 4 × 5 experiment evaluating the effect of kenaf maturity (average stem diameter at week after planting (WAP) 10, 12, 14 and 16), kenaf varieties (‘Cuba 108’, ‘Ifeken 400’ and ‘Ifeken Di 400’) and forward speed of the tractor (2, 3.5, 5, 6.5 and 7.7 km/h) on effective field capacity, field efficiency, and operational loses of the machine.
Main results: The effective field capacity of the machine decreased with increase in plant maturity and increased with increase in forward speed of the machine. The optimal value of the effective field capacity was 2.13 ha/day, when harvesting ‘Ifeken 400’, at crop maturity of 10 WAP, and forward speed was 5 km/h. The field efficiency of the machine was found to decrease with increase in crop maturity and forward speed of the machine. The field efficiency of the machine was 97%, with ‘Ifeken 400’ crop maturity of 10 WAP and forward speed of 2 km/h.
Research highlights: The crop maturity, Kenaf variety and forward speed of tractor have effect on the effective field capacity, field efficiency and the operational loss of the tractor-mounted kenaf harvester
{"title":"Effect of operational parameters on the performance of a kenaf harvester","authors":"Thomas A. AYORINDE, Oseni K. OWOLARAFE","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-19688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-19688","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To develop a kenaf harvesting technology, that will improve kenaf production efficiency. This study evaluated the effect of some operation parameters on the performance of a tractor-mounted kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) harvester.
 Area of study: The experiment was performed at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.
 Material and methods: The experiment was initiated after 10 weeks of planting kenaf on the experimental field. The experimental design was a 3 × 4 × 5 experiment evaluating the effect of kenaf maturity (average stem diameter at week after planting (WAP) 10, 12, 14 and 16), kenaf varieties (‘Cuba 108’, ‘Ifeken 400’ and ‘Ifeken Di 400’) and forward speed of the tractor (2, 3.5, 5, 6.5 and 7.7 km/h) on effective field capacity, field efficiency, and operational loses of the machine.
 Main results: The effective field capacity of the machine decreased with increase in plant maturity and increased with increase in forward speed of the machine. The optimal value of the effective field capacity was 2.13 ha/day, when harvesting ‘Ifeken 400’, at crop maturity of 10 WAP, and forward speed was 5 km/h. The field efficiency of the machine was found to decrease with increase in crop maturity and forward speed of the machine. The field efficiency of the machine was 97%, with ‘Ifeken 400’ crop maturity of 10 WAP and forward speed of 2 km/h.
 Research highlights: The crop maturity, Kenaf variety and forward speed of tractor have effect on the effective field capacity, field efficiency and the operational loss of the tractor-mounted kenaf harvester","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-20239
M. V. Pushnya, E. Rodionova, I. Balakhnina, E. G. Snesareva, O. Kremneva, V. Ismailov
Aim of study: The green vegetable bug Nezara viridula L. is a polyphage that is spread all over the world, but in the last 10 years it has entered the territory of the Russian Federation. The use of biological protection against this pest is an important task in the country. We used the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae to control N. viridula. Area of study: Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection (FRCBPP), Krasnodar Krai, Russia, 2019-2020. Material and methods: A laboratory test was carried out with adults and nymphs of N. viridula. Each species of EPN (S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae) was used at doses of 50, 75 and 100 individuals infective larvae per insect. The initial material for analysis was collected on soybean crops in the crop rotation of the FRCBPP. The experimental results were assessed using ANOVA. Main results: Laboratory tests of the EPN S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae caused the death of up to 98.0% of nymphs and up to 91.4% of adults of N. viridula. The species S. feltiae turned out to be the most effective, as allowed the pathogen to develop in shorter periods of time, and caused the death of 81.9-91.4% adults and of 92.0-98.0% nymphs. Research highlights: This study showed that during the period of growth and development of larvae, the use of EPN is more effective in nymphs than on adults.
{"title":"Testing local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against the green stink bug Nezara viridula L.","authors":"M. V. Pushnya, E. Rodionova, I. Balakhnina, E. G. Snesareva, O. Kremneva, V. Ismailov","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-20239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-20239","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The green vegetable bug Nezara viridula L. is a polyphage that is spread all over the world, but in the last 10 years it has entered the territory of the Russian Federation. The use of biological protection against this pest is an important task in the country. We used the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae to control N. viridula. \u0000Area of study: Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection (FRCBPP), Krasnodar Krai, Russia, 2019-2020. \u0000Material and methods: A laboratory test was carried out with adults and nymphs of N. viridula. Each species of EPN (S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae) was used at doses of 50, 75 and 100 individuals infective larvae per insect. The initial material for analysis was collected on soybean crops in the crop rotation of the FRCBPP. The experimental results were assessed using ANOVA. \u0000Main results: Laboratory tests of the EPN S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae caused the death of up to 98.0% of nymphs and up to 91.4% of adults of N. viridula. The species S. feltiae turned out to be the most effective, as allowed the pathogen to develop in shorter periods of time, and caused the death of 81.9-91.4% adults and of 92.0-98.0% nymphs. \u0000Research highlights: This study showed that during the period of growth and development of larvae, the use of EPN is more effective in nymphs than on adults.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-19738
Divaker Durairaj, B. Jyoti
Aim of the study: To develop a method to optimize the pesticide dose considering the combined influence of plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment on bioefficacy. Area of study: Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Material and methods: A controlled droplet applicator generated droplets from 200 to 50 μm. The target leaf's deposition density of a preset droplet size can be controlled by timing the spray. A sequence of bioassays was performed at various droplet densities at each pesticide (imidachloprid 17.8% SL) dose and droplet size to determine the mortality of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and jassids (Amrasca biguttula) feeding on immature cotton plants. Calculating the number of droplets per target area needed to cause 50% and 90% mortality (LN50 and LN90) yielded a series of model curves. Field tests were done on the computed optimal doses of the pesticide for a spray apparatus (electrostatically charged spray) to assess the spray's bioefficacy against A. gossypii and A. biguttula. Main results: In comparison to uncharged mist blower spray, which had a bioefficacy of 91% for an LN90 dose of 110 g a.i. L-1, the spray had an 89% bioefficacy on A. gossypii. Using the electrostatic spray, it was 91% effective against A. biguttula and 98% effective against an uncharged mist blower at a dose of 110 g a.i. L-1 of LN90. Research highlights: This generalized method of modelling could effectively compute the optimal pesticide dose for any plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment combination.
研究目的：建立一种考虑植物、害虫、农药和喷雾设备对生物效率的综合影响的农药剂量优化方法。研究领域：印度哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学农业工程学院和研究所。材料和方法：受控液滴施加器产生200至50μm的液滴。可以通过定时喷雾来控制预设液滴大小的目标叶片的沉积密度。在不同液滴密度下，在每种农药（亚胺虫脒17.8%SL）的剂量和液滴大小下进行了一系列生物测定，以确定以未成熟棉花为食的棉蚜（Aphis gossypii）和茉莉（Amrasca biguttula）的死亡率。计算导致50%和90%死亡率所需的每个目标区域的液滴数量（LN50和LN90）产生了一系列模型曲线。对喷雾装置（带电静电喷雾）计算出的农药最佳剂量进行了现场试验，以评估喷雾对棉蚜和大蠊的生物有效性。主要结果：与LN90剂量为110 g a.i.L-1时生物有效性为91%的不带电喷雾相比，该喷雾对棉蚜的生物有效性达89%。使用静电喷雾，在剂量为110 g A.i.L-1的LN90下，它对大灰蝶的有效性为91%，对不带电的喷雾器的有效性是98%。研究重点：这种通用的建模方法可以有效地计算任何植物、害虫、农药和喷雾设备组合的最佳农药剂量。
{"title":"A method to optimize the pesticide dose considering the combined influence of plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment on bioefficacy","authors":"Divaker Durairaj, B. Jyoti","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-19738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-19738","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To develop a method to optimize the pesticide dose considering the combined influence of plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment on bioefficacy. \u0000Area of study: Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. \u0000Material and methods: A controlled droplet applicator generated droplets from 200 to 50 μm. The target leaf's deposition density of a preset droplet size can be controlled by timing the spray. A sequence of bioassays was performed at various droplet densities at each pesticide (imidachloprid 17.8% SL) dose and droplet size to determine the mortality of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and jassids (Amrasca biguttula) feeding on immature cotton plants. Calculating the number of droplets per target area needed to cause 50% and 90% mortality (LN50 and LN90) yielded a series of model curves. Field tests were done on the computed optimal doses of the pesticide for a spray apparatus (electrostatically charged spray) to assess the spray's bioefficacy against A. gossypii and A. biguttula. \u0000Main results: In comparison to uncharged mist blower spray, which had a bioefficacy of 91% for an LN90 dose of 110 g a.i. L-1, the spray had an 89% bioefficacy on A. gossypii. Using the electrostatic spray, it was 91% effective against A. biguttula and 98% effective against an uncharged mist blower at a dose of 110 g a.i. L-1 of LN90. \u0000Research highlights: This generalized method of modelling could effectively compute the optimal pesticide dose for any plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment combination.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41958362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-18995
F. Abeddargahi, H. DARMANI-KUHI, Mohammad ROOSTAIE-ALIMEHR, Seyed H. HOSSEINI-MOGHADDAM, Reza HASSAN-SAJEDI, Anahid Hosseini, F. Mohammadpour
Aim of study: To investigate the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on responses of broiler chickens exposed to stress condition. Material and methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight day-old male chickens were allocated to six treatments in a 2 × 3 completely randomized factorial design involving two factors: factor 1 was the subcutaneous injections of CORT or corn oil (as control) at 2 mg/kg body weight twice per day during 3 days; and factor 2 were 3 levels (0, 10 and 20%) of FSBM in replacement of the original soybean meal. Main results: The replacement of soybean meal by FSBM increased FI and BWG without any significant effect on FCR (10 days), while FCR was increased significantly by CORT injection. Corticosterone injection caused a significant decrease in the ratio of villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum and jejunum. The height of villi in the duodenum increased significantly at 20% FSBM replacement. The antibody titers against Newcastle disease (28 and 2 day), coliform count (28 day) and activity of digestive enzymes (10 day) were not affected by either FSBM replacement or CORT injections. Corticosterone injection significantly increased tall-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression, while decreased heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) expression. FSBM replacement down-regulated the expression of TLR4, HSP70, and IgA in small intestine compared to the control group. In stress condition induced by CORT injection, 10% FSBM replacement decreased HSP70 and IgA expression in the jejunum and ileum, while had no effects on TLR4. Research highlights: Partial replacement of soybean meal by FSBM in diets had positive effects on performance, intestinal morphology and immune response in chicks exposed to stress.
{"title":"Fermented soybean meal in broiler diets exposed to stress induced by corticosterone: Effect on growth performance, gut health and immune response","authors":"F. Abeddargahi, H. DARMANI-KUHI, Mohammad ROOSTAIE-ALIMEHR, Seyed H. HOSSEINI-MOGHADDAM, Reza HASSAN-SAJEDI, Anahid Hosseini, F. Mohammadpour","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-18995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-18995","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on responses of broiler chickens exposed to stress condition. \u0000Material and methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight day-old male chickens were allocated to six treatments in a 2 × 3 completely randomized factorial design involving two factors: factor 1 was the subcutaneous injections of CORT or corn oil (as control) at 2 mg/kg body weight twice per day during 3 days; and factor 2 were 3 levels (0, 10 and 20%) of FSBM in replacement of the original soybean meal. \u0000Main results: The replacement of soybean meal by FSBM increased FI and BWG without any significant effect on FCR (10 days), while FCR was increased significantly by CORT injection. Corticosterone injection caused a significant decrease in the ratio of villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum and jejunum. The height of villi in the duodenum increased significantly at 20% FSBM replacement. The antibody titers against Newcastle disease (28 and 2 day), coliform count (28 day) and activity of digestive enzymes (10 day) were not affected by either FSBM replacement or CORT injections. Corticosterone injection significantly increased tall-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression, while decreased heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) expression. FSBM replacement down-regulated the expression of TLR4, HSP70, and IgA in small intestine compared to the control group. In stress condition induced by CORT injection, 10% FSBM replacement decreased HSP70 and IgA expression in the jejunum and ileum, while had no effects on TLR4. \u0000Research highlights: Partial replacement of soybean meal by FSBM in diets had positive effects on performance, intestinal morphology and immune response in chicks exposed to stress.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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