Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024222-19584
M. Fornós, S. López-Vergé, Encarnación Jiménez-Moreno, V. Rodríguez-Estévez, Domingo Carrión, Josep Gasa
Aim of study: To investigate the influence of environmental conditions and feed forms on productivity and feeding behavior of growing-finishing pigs. Area of study: Farm located in the North-East of Spain (42°03'11.0"N 2°06'59.5"E). Material and methods: Two trials were conducted (n = 72 pigs each). In the Hot-Temperate/Pelleted trial (HT-P), pigs were half the time under hot conditions (average temperature Ta=28.1℃) and half the time under thermoneutral conditions (Ta=25.5℃) and were fed in pellet. In the Temperate-Hot/Mash trial (TH-M), pigs were half the time under thermoneutral conditions (Ta=23.5℃) and half the time under hot conditions (Ta=27.3℃) and were fed in mash. Productivity and feeding behavior were registered. Main results: Hot conditions during the finishing period in TH-M trial reduced by 118 g/d growth rate and increased feed conversion ratio (2.28 vs. 2.07 kg/kg) compared to HT-P trial (p < 0.001) due to feed intake reduction. Growing pigs under hot conditions and fed in pellet increased total feeder visits (12.8 vs. 7.9 visits/d) and reduced visit size (147 vs. 230 g/visit, p < 0.001); whereas finishing pigs under hot conditions and fed in mash only tended to reduce visit size (308 vs. 332 g/visit, p = 0.08). Pigs fed with mash ate slower (22.8 vs. 34.8 g/min) than pelleted-fed pigs (p < 0.001), independently of environmental conditions. Research highlights: Feed form and environmental conditions affect both feeding behavior and performance of growing-finishing pigs. Unfortunately, due to a design weakness, it was not possible to obtain the sharp effect of both factors.
研究目的研究环境条件和饲料形式对生长育肥猪生产率和采食行为的影响。研究区域：位于西班牙东北部（42°03'11.0 "N 2°06'59.5 "E）的农场。材料和方法：进行了两项试验（每项试验 n = 72 头猪）。在高温/颗粒饲料试验（HT-P）中，猪一半时间处于高温条件下（平均温度 Ta=28.1℃），一半时间处于中温条件下（Ta=25.5℃），并以颗粒饲料饲喂。在温热/醪糟试验（TH-M）中，猪一半时间处于中温条件下（Ta=23.5℃），一半时间处于高温条件下（Ta=27.3℃），以醪糟饲喂。对生产率和采食行为进行了记录。主要结果与 HT-P 试验相比（p < 0.001），TH-M 试验在育成期的高温条件下生长速度降低了 118 克/天，饲料转化率提高了（2.28 vs. 2.07 kg/kg），原因是采食量减少。生长猪在炎热条件下用颗粒饲料饲喂，增加了总进食次数（12.8 次/天 vs. 7.9 次/天），减少了进食量（147 克/次 vs. 230 克/次，p < 0.001）；而育成猪在炎热条件下用碾碎饲料饲喂，仅有减少进食量的趋势（308 克/次 vs. 332 克/次，p = 0.08）。用碾碎饲料喂养的猪的采食速度（22.8 克/分钟 vs. 34.8 克/分钟）比用颗粒饲料喂养的猪（p < 0.001）慢，这与环境条件无关。研究亮点：饲料形式和环境条件会影响生长育成猪的采食行为和生产性能。遗憾的是，由于设计上的缺陷，无法获得这两个因素的显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of environmental conditions and feed forms on the performance and feeding behavior of group-housed growing-finishing pigs","authors":"M. Fornós, S. López-Vergé, Encarnación Jiménez-Moreno, V. Rodríguez-Estévez, Domingo Carrión, Josep Gasa","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024222-19584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024222-19584","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the influence of environmental conditions and feed forms on productivity and feeding behavior of growing-finishing pigs. \u0000Area of study: Farm located in the North-East of Spain (42°03'11.0\"N 2°06'59.5\"E). \u0000Material and methods: Two trials were conducted (n = 72 pigs each). In the Hot-Temperate/Pelleted trial (HT-P), pigs were half the time under hot conditions (average temperature Ta=28.1℃) and half the time under thermoneutral conditions (Ta=25.5℃) and were fed in pellet. In the Temperate-Hot/Mash trial (TH-M), pigs were half the time under thermoneutral conditions (Ta=23.5℃) and half the time under hot conditions (Ta=27.3℃) and were fed in mash. Productivity and feeding behavior were registered. \u0000Main results: Hot conditions during the finishing period in TH-M trial reduced by 118 g/d growth rate and increased feed conversion ratio (2.28 vs. 2.07 kg/kg) compared to HT-P trial (p < 0.001) due to feed intake reduction. Growing pigs under hot conditions and fed in pellet increased total feeder visits (12.8 vs. 7.9 visits/d) and reduced visit size (147 vs. 230 g/visit, p < 0.001); whereas finishing pigs under hot conditions and fed in mash only tended to reduce visit size (308 vs. 332 g/visit, p = 0.08). Pigs fed with mash ate slower (22.8 vs. 34.8 g/min) than pelleted-fed pigs (p < 0.001), independently of environmental conditions. \u0000Research highlights: Feed form and environmental conditions affect both feeding behavior and performance of growing-finishing pigs. Unfortunately, due to a design weakness, it was not possible to obtain the sharp effect of both factors.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024222-20600
Andrea Báez-Montenegro, Eugenia Sepúlveda, Rodrigo Echeverría
Aim of study: To examine consumer preferences in Chile, an emerging market, for cheese that emphasizes social sustainability features. Area of study: Chilean consumers. Material and methods: Three characteristics were included in the choice experiment: price, social sustainability (adherence to labor laws), and cheese type (Gouda, Chanco, and Artisanal cheese), each with three levels. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of Chilean customers in order to collect data. To evaluate the effect, relevance, and main determinants of choice, a conditional logit model was employed. Main results: The more attributes are at their most desirable levels, the more likely the cheese will be chosen. Therefore, the most sought-after cheese is that which is inexpensive, conforms to all labor laws, and is of the Chanco variety. When one or more of these three attributes are not at their most desirable level, then price (the lowest) is the attribute that governs the choice, followed by the social sustainability attribute (higher levels of compliance with labor legislation) and, finally, the type of cheese. In terms of socioeconomic variables, older consumers and those with higher education explain a greater preference for the social sustainability attribute over the type of cheese. Research highlights: These results highlight the importance that social sustainability can have on companies to make their products preferred by consumers. This is the first study to examine the Chilean food industry's social sustainability attribute.
{"title":"Is social sustainability relevant for food consumers? Evidence from Chile","authors":"Andrea Báez-Montenegro, Eugenia Sepúlveda, Rodrigo Echeverría","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024222-20600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024222-20600","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To examine consumer preferences in Chile, an emerging market, for cheese that emphasizes social sustainability features. \u0000Area of study: Chilean consumers. \u0000Material and methods: Three characteristics were included in the choice experiment: price, social sustainability (adherence to labor laws), and cheese type (Gouda, Chanco, and Artisanal cheese), each with three levels. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of Chilean customers in order to collect data. To evaluate the effect, relevance, and main determinants of choice, a conditional logit model was employed. \u0000Main results: The more attributes are at their most desirable levels, the more likely the cheese will be chosen. Therefore, the most sought-after cheese is that which is inexpensive, conforms to all labor laws, and is of the Chanco variety. When one or more of these three attributes are not at their most desirable level, then price (the lowest) is the attribute that governs the choice, followed by the social sustainability attribute (higher levels of compliance with labor legislation) and, finally, the type of cheese. In terms of socioeconomic variables, older consumers and those with higher education explain a greater preference for the social sustainability attribute over the type of cheese. \u0000Research highlights: These results highlight the importance that social sustainability can have on companies to make their products preferred by consumers. This is the first study to examine the Chilean food industry's social sustainability attribute.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-19824
Masoumeh Izadpanah, M. Shabanpour, Sepideh Abrishamkesh, Iraj Bagheri
Aim of study: To examine the impact of solitary land leveling and its combination with cover cropping on the chemical and biological characteristics of paddy soil. Area of study: This research focused on paddy fields located in Guilan Province, situated in northern Iran. Specifically, two sites were chosen for investigation, where land leveling had been conducted 5 years and 2 years prior to this study, respectively. Furthermore, cover cropping was implemented during the second year after the latter area's land leveling. Material and methods: A total of 80 composite soil samples were collected, with 20 samples gathered from both leveled and unleveled plots at the designated study sites. Various soil chemical and biological properties such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon were quantified. Subsequently, a paired t-test was employed to analyze the impact of land leveling and the combined effects of land leveling with cover cropping on soil attributes. Main results: The study revealed that five years after land leveling, there was a significant decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon. In contrast, the area leveled and cover cropped for two years exhibited higher levels of these attributes compared to adjacent unleveled parcels. Research highlights: This study highlights the distinct effects that solitary land leveling and land leveling combined with sustainable practices like cover cropping have on soil attributes.
{"title":"Land leveling and cover cropping impacts on chemical and biological properties of paddy soil","authors":"Masoumeh Izadpanah, M. Shabanpour, Sepideh Abrishamkesh, Iraj Bagheri","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-19824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-19824","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To examine the impact of solitary land leveling and its combination with cover cropping on the chemical and biological characteristics of paddy soil. \u0000Area of study: This research focused on paddy fields located in Guilan Province, situated in northern Iran. Specifically, two sites were chosen for investigation, where land leveling had been conducted 5 years and 2 years prior to this study, respectively. Furthermore, cover cropping was implemented during the second year after the latter area's land leveling. \u0000Material and methods: A total of 80 composite soil samples were collected, with 20 samples gathered from both leveled and unleveled plots at the designated study sites. Various soil chemical and biological properties such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon were quantified. Subsequently, a paired t-test was employed to analyze the impact of land leveling and the combined effects of land leveling with cover cropping on soil attributes. \u0000Main results: The study revealed that five years after land leveling, there was a significant decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon. In contrast, the area leveled and cover cropped for two years exhibited higher levels of these attributes compared to adjacent unleveled parcels. \u0000Research highlights: This study highlights the distinct effects that solitary land leveling and land leveling combined with sustainable practices like cover cropping have on soil attributes.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-19824
Masoumeh Izadpanah, M. Shabanpour, Sepideh Abrishamkesh, Iraj Bagheri
Aim of study: To examine the impact of solitary land leveling and its combination with cover cropping on the chemical and biological characteristics of paddy soil. Area of study: This research focused on paddy fields located in Guilan Province, situated in northern Iran. Specifically, two sites were chosen for investigation, where land leveling had been conducted 5 years and 2 years prior to this study, respectively. Furthermore, cover cropping was implemented during the second year after the latter area's land leveling. Material and methods: A total of 80 composite soil samples were collected, with 20 samples gathered from both leveled and unleveled plots at the designated study sites. Various soil chemical and biological properties such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon were quantified. Subsequently, a paired t-test was employed to analyze the impact of land leveling and the combined effects of land leveling with cover cropping on soil attributes. Main results: The study revealed that five years after land leveling, there was a significant decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon. In contrast, the area leveled and cover cropped for two years exhibited higher levels of these attributes compared to adjacent unleveled parcels. Research highlights: This study highlights the distinct effects that solitary land leveling and land leveling combined with sustainable practices like cover cropping have on soil attributes.
{"title":"Land leveling and cover cropping impacts on chemical and biological properties of paddy soil","authors":"Masoumeh Izadpanah, M. Shabanpour, Sepideh Abrishamkesh, Iraj Bagheri","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-19824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-19824","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To examine the impact of solitary land leveling and its combination with cover cropping on the chemical and biological characteristics of paddy soil. \u0000Area of study: This research focused on paddy fields located in Guilan Province, situated in northern Iran. Specifically, two sites were chosen for investigation, where land leveling had been conducted 5 years and 2 years prior to this study, respectively. Furthermore, cover cropping was implemented during the second year after the latter area's land leveling. \u0000Material and methods: A total of 80 composite soil samples were collected, with 20 samples gathered from both leveled and unleveled plots at the designated study sites. Various soil chemical and biological properties such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon were quantified. Subsequently, a paired t-test was employed to analyze the impact of land leveling and the combined effects of land leveling with cover cropping on soil attributes. \u0000Main results: The study revealed that five years after land leveling, there was a significant decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon. In contrast, the area leveled and cover cropped for two years exhibited higher levels of these attributes compared to adjacent unleveled parcels. \u0000Research highlights: This study highlights the distinct effects that solitary land leveling and land leveling combined with sustainable practices like cover cropping have on soil attributes.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20405
Jhon A. Villalaz-Pérez, F. Casanoves, José E. Villarreal-Núñez, Adolfo Santo-Pineda, Abiel Gutiérrez-Lezcano, A. Merino
Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius.
{"title":"Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama","authors":"Jhon A. Villalaz-Pérez, F. Casanoves, José E. Villarreal-Núñez, Adolfo Santo-Pineda, Abiel Gutiérrez-Lezcano, A. Merino","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20405","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. \u0000Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. \u0000Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. \u0000Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). \u0000Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20274
Fateme Firozi, O. Dayani, R. Tahmasbi, P. Dadvar
Aim of study: To investigate the effect of substituting sesame meal (SM) treated with different levels of formaldehyde instead of soybean meal (SBM) on rumen fermentation, milk composition, and hemato-chemical parameters in lactating goats. Area of study: Kerman, Iran. Material and methods: Forty Murciano-Granadina goats in mid-lactation were allocated to four groups as a completely randomized design for 56 d. They were fed with diets containing: 1) SBM (control), 2) 12.5% untreated SM, 3) 12.5% treated SM with 0.8 g formaldehyde/100g crude protein (CP), and 4) 12.5% treated SM with 1.2 g formaldehyde/100g CP. Main results: The goats fed diet containing SM treated with 1.2 g of formaldehyde had greater (p < 0.01) intake of dry matter, CP and metabolizable energy (ME) than other groups. Milk yield and milk protein in goats fed diets containing 1.2 g formaldehyde-treated SM were greater than others (p < 0.01). Fat-corrected milk and total solids in groups fed diets containing formaldehyde-treated and untreated SM were greater than those in control (p < 0.01). Goats fed control diet showed a greater proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA), and short and medium-chain FA in their milk compared to other groups (p < 0.01). Partial replacement of SBM with formaldehyde-treated or untreated SM increased milk unsaturated FA and long-chain FA (p < 0.01). Goats fed formaldehyde-treated SM had lower acetate production (p < 0.01). Research highlights: Partial replacement of SBM with formaldehyde-treated SM can be suggested to increase lactating goats' performance without adverse effects on their health.
研究目的研究用经不同水平甲醛处理的芝麻粉（SM）代替豆粕（SBM）对泌乳山羊瘤胃发酵、乳成分和血液化学指标的影响。研究地区：伊朗克尔曼伊朗克尔曼。材料和方法：40 只处于泌乳中期的 Murciano-Granadina 山羊按完全随机设计被分配到 4 个组，饲养 56 天。它们分别饲喂含有以下成分的日粮：1）SBM（对照组）；2）12.5% 未经处理的 SM；3）12.5% 经处理的 SM，甲醛含量为 0.8 克/100 克粗蛋白（CP）；4）12.5% 经处理的 SM，甲醛含量为 1.2 克/100 克 CP。主要结果：饲喂含有经 1.2 克甲醛处理的 SM 的山羊的干物质、CP 和代谢能（ME）摄入量（p < 0.01）高于其他组别。饲喂含 1.2 克甲醛处理 SM 的日粮的山羊的产奶量和乳蛋白含量高于其他组别（p < 0.01）。饲喂含甲醛处理和未处理 SM 的日粮组的脂肪校正奶和总固形物高于对照组（p < 0.01）。与其他组相比，饲喂对照组日粮的山羊牛奶中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）以及中短链脂肪酸的比例更高（p < 0.01）。用甲醛处理过或未处理过的 SM 部分替代 SBM 会增加牛奶中的不饱和脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸（p < 0.01）。饲喂经甲醛处理的 SM 的山羊乙酸酯产量较低（p < 0.01）。研究亮点：建议用甲醛处理过的SM部分替代SBM，以提高泌乳山羊的生产性能，同时不会对其健康产生不利影响。
{"title":"Feeding formaldehyde-treated sesame meal to lactating Murciano-Granadina goats: implications on milk yield and composition, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites","authors":"Fateme Firozi, O. Dayani, R. Tahmasbi, P. Dadvar","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20274","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the effect of substituting sesame meal (SM) treated with different levels of formaldehyde instead of soybean meal (SBM) on rumen fermentation, milk composition, and hemato-chemical parameters in lactating goats. \u0000Area of study: Kerman, Iran. \u0000Material and methods: Forty Murciano-Granadina goats in mid-lactation were allocated to four groups as a completely randomized design for 56 d. They were fed with diets containing: 1) SBM (control), 2) 12.5% untreated SM, 3) 12.5% treated SM with 0.8 g formaldehyde/100g crude protein (CP), and 4) 12.5% treated SM with 1.2 g formaldehyde/100g CP. \u0000Main results: The goats fed diet containing SM treated with 1.2 g of formaldehyde had greater (p < 0.01) intake of dry matter, CP and metabolizable energy (ME) than other groups. Milk yield and milk protein in goats fed diets containing 1.2 g formaldehyde-treated SM were greater than others (p < 0.01). Fat-corrected milk and total solids in groups fed diets containing formaldehyde-treated and untreated SM were greater than those in control (p < 0.01). Goats fed control diet showed a greater proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA), and short and medium-chain FA in their milk compared to other groups (p < 0.01). Partial replacement of SBM with formaldehyde-treated or untreated SM increased milk unsaturated FA and long-chain FA (p < 0.01). Goats fed formaldehyde-treated SM had lower acetate production (p < 0.01). \u0000Research highlights: Partial replacement of SBM with formaldehyde-treated SM can be suggested to increase lactating goats' performance without adverse effects on their health.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20223
Zahra Ranjbarinasab, Mozhgan Mazhari, O. Esmaeilipour, Fatemeh Shahdadi, Arsalan Barazandeh
Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of adding Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Spirulina platensis (SP) and the encapsulation of LA on the relative weights of carcass parts and meat quality of broilers subjected to heat stress. Area of study: The work was performed at the University of Jiroft, Iran. Material and methods: Two hundred forty 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates (cages, 10 birds per cage). Dietary treatments included: (i) corn-soybean as control diet (CON), (ii) 0.02% LA, (iii) 1% SP, (iv) 0.02% LA + 1% SP, (v) 0.02% of encapsulated LA, and (vi) 0.02% encapsulated LA + 1% SP. Main results: The relative weight of the carcass increased in all experimental groups except in the 0.02% LA encapsulated group (p˂0.05). Birds fed diets containing LA+SP (0.02% LA+ 1%SP and 0.02% LA encapsulated+1% SP) had a significantly higher relative weight of the breast (p˂0.05). Dietary supplementation with SP, LA+SP, and encapsulated LA+SP significantly increased water holding capacity and decreased cook loss, respectively (p˂0.05), whereas dietary LA+SP and encapsulated LA+SP decreased drip loss (p<0.05), compared to the CON group. Moisture and pH were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments (p˃0.05). The malondialdehyde content of thigh and breast meat at 30 and 37 days after the slaughter was reduced (p˂0.05) in the SP, LA+SP, and LA encapsulated +SP groups. Research highlights: Based on results, including LA, SP and encapsulated LA in broilerʼs feeds were effective in improving carcass yield, quality and oxidative stability of broiler meat under heat stress condition.
研究目的评估添加嗜酸乳杆菌（LA）、螺旋藻（SP）和封装 LA 对热应激下肉鸡胴体各部分相对重量和肉质的影响。研究领域：研究工作在伊朗吉罗夫特大学进行。材料和方法：采用完全随机设计，对 240 只 1 日龄雄性肉鸡（Ross 308）进行了六种处理和四个重复（笼子，每笼 10 只）。日粮处理包括(i) 玉米-大豆作为对照日粮（CON），(ii) 0.02% LA，(iii) 1% SP，(iv) 0.02% LA + 1% SP，(v) 0.02% 封装 LA，以及 (vi) 0.02% 封装 LA + 1% SP。主要结果：除 0.02% LA 封装组外，所有实验组的胴体相对重量都有所增加（p˂0.05）。饲喂含 LA+SP 日粮（0.02% LA+1%SP 和 0.02% LA 包囊+1%SP）的鸟类的胸部相对重量显著增加（p˂0.05）。与 CON 组相比，膳食补充 SP、LA+SP 和封装的 LA+SP 可分别显著提高持水量和减少蒸煮损失（p˂0.05），而膳食 LA+SP 和封装的 LA+SP 可减少滴水损失（p<0.05）。水分和 pH 受日粮处理的影响不大（p˃0.05）。屠宰后 30 天和 37 天，SP 组、LA+SP 组和 LA 包裹 +SP 组大腿肉和胸脯肉的丙二醛含量降低（p˂0.05）。研究亮点：根据研究结果，在肉鸡饲料中添加 LA、SP 和封装 LA 能有效提高热应激条件下肉鸡的胴体产量、肉质和氧化稳定性。
{"title":"Effects of the encapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Spirulina platensis on carcass yield and meat quality of broilers under heat stress conditions","authors":"Zahra Ranjbarinasab, Mozhgan Mazhari, O. Esmaeilipour, Fatemeh Shahdadi, Arsalan Barazandeh","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20223","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of adding Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Spirulina platensis (SP) and the encapsulation of LA on the relative weights of carcass parts and meat quality of broilers subjected to heat stress. \u0000Area of study: The work was performed at the University of Jiroft, Iran. \u0000Material and methods: Two hundred forty 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates (cages, 10 birds per cage). Dietary treatments included: (i) corn-soybean as control diet (CON), (ii) 0.02% LA, (iii) 1% SP, (iv) 0.02% LA + 1% SP, (v) 0.02% of encapsulated LA, and (vi) 0.02% encapsulated LA + 1% SP. \u0000Main results: The relative weight of the carcass increased in all experimental groups except in the 0.02% LA encapsulated group (p˂0.05). Birds fed diets containing LA+SP (0.02% LA+ 1%SP and 0.02% LA encapsulated+1% SP) had a significantly higher relative weight of the breast (p˂0.05). Dietary supplementation with SP, LA+SP, and encapsulated LA+SP significantly increased water holding capacity and decreased cook loss, respectively (p˂0.05), whereas dietary LA+SP and encapsulated LA+SP decreased drip loss (p<0.05), compared to the CON group. Moisture and pH were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments (p˃0.05). The malondialdehyde content of thigh and breast meat at 30 and 37 days after the slaughter was reduced (p˂0.05) in the SP, LA+SP, and LA encapsulated +SP groups. \u0000Research highlights: Based on results, including LA, SP and encapsulated LA in broilerʼs feeds were effective in improving carcass yield, quality and oxidative stability of broiler meat under heat stress condition.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-19941
A. Limon-Ortega, A. Baez-Perez
Aim of study: To test the effect of foliar and granular P fertilizer application on maize performance planted under permanent beds from 2012 to 2019 in a soil testing high in P. Area of study: This field experiment was located in the eastern region of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Material and methods: Three P treatments, foliar and granular (band and broadcast), and a control (0P) plot were allocated in an randomized complete block design in six replications. Main results: Year-P treatment interaction was significant for yield, agronomic efficiency (AE), and recovery efficiency (RE). Contrastingly, grain quality parameters measured as bulk density and thousand grain weight were only affected by year’s main effect. Yield, AE, and RE were generally more responsive to the foliar than the granular P application. These parameters varied in each treatment according to precipitation accumulated in 40 days during the bracketing-silking period (40d PP) and heat units during the grain filling stage [GDD(t-m)]. As 40d PP increased, yield and AE improved, while RE decreased; as GDD(t-m) increased, yield and grain quality improved. Initial soil available P (46 mg/kg) decreased 26% due to foliar P application. Research highlights: Results suggest that replacing the granular P with foliar P fertilization is an option to mine soil to an acceptable P level without adverse effects on maize performance.
{"title":"Maize yield and grain quality response to foliar-applied phosphorus in a soil testing high in P","authors":"A. Limon-Ortega, A. Baez-Perez","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-19941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-19941","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To test the effect of foliar and granular P fertilizer application on maize performance planted under permanent beds from 2012 to 2019 in a soil testing high in P. \u0000Area of study: This field experiment was located in the eastern region of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt. \u0000Material and methods: Three P treatments, foliar and granular (band and broadcast), and a control (0P) plot were allocated in an randomized complete block design in six replications. \u0000Main results: Year-P treatment interaction was significant for yield, agronomic efficiency (AE), and recovery efficiency (RE). Contrastingly, grain quality parameters measured as bulk density and thousand grain weight were only affected by year’s main effect. Yield, AE, and RE were generally more responsive to the foliar than the granular P application. These parameters varied in each treatment according to precipitation accumulated in 40 days during the bracketing-silking period (40d PP) and heat units during the grain filling stage [GDD(t-m)]. As 40d PP increased, yield and AE improved, while RE decreased; as GDD(t-m) increased, yield and grain quality improved. Initial soil available P (46 mg/kg) decreased 26% due to foliar P application. \u0000Research highlights: Results suggest that replacing the granular P with foliar P fertilization is an option to mine soil to an acceptable P level without adverse effects on maize performance.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20185
Arjun Chouriya, Edathiparambil V. Thomas, Peeyush Soni, Vijay K. Patidar, Laxmikant Dhruw
Aim of study: To develop and assess a cotton fertilizer applicator integrated with a Machine Vision Based Embedded System (MVES) to achieve precise and site-specific fertilization. Area of study: The investigation was performed in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Material and methods: The MVES included a cotton detection system with a web camera, processor (computer), and python-based algorithm, and a fertilizer metering control unit with a stepper motor, motor driver, power supply, and microcontroller. The python-based algorithm in the computer predicts the presence (or absence) of cotton plants, whenever an input image is received from the camera. Upon cotton detection, it transforms into a Boolean signal sent to the microcontroller via PySerial communication, which instructs the motor to rotate the metering unit. Motor adjusts the speed of metering unit based on machine speed measured through a hall sensor, ensuring site-specific delivery of metered fertilizer A developed lab setup tested the MVES, experimentally examining performance indicators. Main results: The MVES obtained a MAPE of 5.71% & 8.5%, MAD 0.74 g/plant & 1.12 g/plant for urea and DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), respectively. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant effect of forward speed on the discharge fertilizer amount (p>0.05). For urea, discharge rates ranged from 1.03 g/s (at 10 rpm, 25% exposure length of metering unit) to 40.65 g/s (at 100 rpm, 100% exposure). DAP ranged from 1.43 to 47.66 g/s under similar conditions. Research highlights: The delivered application dosage conformed the recommended dosage. The developed MVES was reliable, had a quick response, and worked properly.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a machine vision-based cotton fertilizer applicator","authors":"Arjun Chouriya, Edathiparambil V. Thomas, Peeyush Soni, Vijay K. Patidar, Laxmikant Dhruw","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20185","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To develop and assess a cotton fertilizer applicator integrated with a Machine Vision Based Embedded System (MVES) to achieve precise and site-specific fertilization. \u0000Area of study: The investigation was performed in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. \u0000Material and methods: The MVES included a cotton detection system with a web camera, processor (computer), and python-based algorithm, and a fertilizer metering control unit with a stepper motor, motor driver, power supply, and microcontroller. The python-based algorithm in the computer predicts the presence (or absence) of cotton plants, whenever an input image is received from the camera. Upon cotton detection, it transforms into a Boolean signal sent to the microcontroller via PySerial communication, which instructs the motor to rotate the metering unit. Motor adjusts the speed of metering unit based on machine speed measured through a hall sensor, ensuring site-specific delivery of metered fertilizer A developed lab setup tested the MVES, experimentally examining performance indicators. \u0000Main results: The MVES obtained a MAPE of 5.71% & 8.5%, MAD 0.74 g/plant & 1.12 g/plant for urea and DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), respectively. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant effect of forward speed on the discharge fertilizer amount (p>0.05). For urea, discharge rates ranged from 1.03 g/s (at 10 rpm, 25% exposure length of metering unit) to 40.65 g/s (at 100 rpm, 100% exposure). DAP ranged from 1.43 to 47.66 g/s under similar conditions. \u0000Research highlights: The delivered application dosage conformed the recommended dosage. The developed MVES was reliable, had a quick response, and worked properly.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20282
Ronald W. Ward, Teresa Briz, Leonardo Ortega
Aim of study: Individual purchasing behaviour depends on economics, psychology, marketing and sensory science. Given that the list of reasons-for-buying is almost unlimited, we have defined 14 pre-set descriptors thought to entail the more important attributes when make buying decisions within a food group of selected fruits and vegetables. Area of study: We have used a United States buyer data base of over 175,000 observations. Material and methods: Each household was asked to rank their first, second, and third most important reasons for buying, within the set of descriptors. The overriding goal was to gain insight into the attributes and change over time. Using empirical models, the relative importance of the attributes is shown and forecasted for a decade beyond 2021. Main results: Price and quality were expected to be the main drivers; however, the organic attribute is one requiring significant changes in the production, inspection, distribution and marketing policies, hence considering future expectations for organics is particularly important. Research highlights: Preferences for organics have grown, but what are the expectations a decade from now? Will that interest remain so for many years to come?
{"title":"Ranking and measuring the dynamics in the reasons-for-buying selected produce","authors":"Ronald W. Ward, Teresa Briz, Leonardo Ortega","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20282","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Individual purchasing behaviour depends on economics, psychology, marketing and sensory science. Given that the list of reasons-for-buying is almost unlimited, we have defined 14 pre-set descriptors thought to entail the more important attributes when make buying decisions within a food group of selected fruits and vegetables. \u0000Area of study: We have used a United States buyer data base of over 175,000 observations. \u0000Material and methods: Each household was asked to rank their first, second, and third most important reasons for buying, within the set of descriptors. The overriding goal was to gain insight into the attributes and change over time. Using empirical models, the relative importance of the attributes is shown and forecasted for a decade beyond 2021. \u0000Main results: Price and quality were expected to be the main drivers; however, the organic attribute is one requiring significant changes in the production, inspection, distribution and marketing policies, hence considering future expectations for organics is particularly important. \u0000Research highlights: Preferences for organics have grown, but what are the expectations a decade from now? Will that interest remain so for many years to come?","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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