Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023211-18925
B. Stojanovic, N. Djordjevic, V. Davidovic, A. Bozickovic, A. Ivetic, S. Obradović
Aim of study: To evaluate corn grain micronization for calves fed a grower diet. Area of study: Padinska Skela – Belgrade, Serbia. Material and methods: Thirty weaned Holstein dairy calves (65–74 days of age) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments with growers containing micronized (MCG) or untreated corn grain (UCG). The experimental period lasted for 60 days. Main results: The values of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) were higher for calves fed MCG versus those within the UCG treatment by 3.9% (p<0.05), 7.0% (p<0.01), 7.1% (p<0.01) and 7.5% (p<0.05), respectively, for the days 25–30 of the experimental period. In addition, the values of digestibility of OM, CP, and NFC were higher by 4.9% (p<0.05), 5.7% (p<0.05), and 6.0% (p<0.05), respectively, for the days 55–60 of the experimental period. The density of metabolizable energy, net energy for maintenance and gain in consumed dietary DM was higher (p<0.001) by 4.7, 5.5, and 7.2%, respectively for calves fed on the grower containing micronized corn grain (MCG), during the first digestibility period, and by 3.0, 3.6, and 4.6%, respectively, during the second digestibility period. Energy intake was lower (p<0.05) during the second digestibility period, for calves fed a diet with micronized corn. Blood urea N was affected (p<0.001) by dietary treatments. Lower values (10.2%) were observed for calves fed the grower containing MCG. Research highlights: The micronization of corn grain is a useful tool for optimizing weaned calf production due to the improvement in the digestibility and energy content of the ration.
{"title":"The effect of corn grain micronization on diet digestibility and blood biochemical parameters in weaned Holstein calves","authors":"B. Stojanovic, N. Djordjevic, V. Davidovic, A. Bozickovic, A. Ivetic, S. Obradović","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023211-18925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023211-18925","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate corn grain micronization for calves fed a grower diet. \u0000Area of study: Padinska Skela – Belgrade, Serbia. \u0000Material and methods: Thirty weaned Holstein dairy calves (65–74 days of age) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments with growers containing micronized (MCG) or untreated corn grain (UCG). The experimental period lasted for 60 days. \u0000Main results: The values of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) were higher for calves fed MCG versus those within the UCG treatment by 3.9% (p<0.05), 7.0% (p<0.01), 7.1% (p<0.01) and 7.5% (p<0.05), respectively, for the days 25–30 of the experimental period. In addition, the values of digestibility of OM, CP, and NFC were higher by 4.9% (p<0.05), 5.7% (p<0.05), and 6.0% (p<0.05), respectively, for the days 55–60 of the experimental period. The density of metabolizable energy, net energy for maintenance and gain in consumed dietary DM was higher (p<0.001) by 4.7, 5.5, and 7.2%, respectively for calves fed on the grower containing micronized corn grain (MCG), during the first digestibility period, and by 3.0, 3.6, and 4.6%, respectively, during the second digestibility period. Energy intake was lower (p<0.05) during the second digestibility period, for calves fed a diet with micronized corn. Blood urea N was affected (p<0.001) by dietary treatments. Lower values (10.2%) were observed for calves fed the grower containing MCG. \u0000Research highlights: The micronization of corn grain is a useful tool for optimizing weaned calf production due to the improvement in the digestibility and energy content of the ration.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-18826
Ilginc Kizilpinar-Temizer, Aytac Guder, E. Candan, U. Yolcu
Aim of study: Recently, pollen has become a preferred nutritional supplement because of its complex composition. We examined the botanical origin, total phenolic/flavonoid content (TPC/TFC), antioxidant/antimicrobial activity, and element content of pollen samples collected from honeybees. This study also examined whether the elements contained in pollen, when consumed as food, posed a risk to human health. Area of study: Ten mixed pollen samples were randomly collected from honeybees in the apiaries of four different Turkish regions, which fall among the three phytogeographic regions of Türkiye. Material and methods: We evaluated total flavonoid (TFC) and phenolic (TPC) contents; antioxidant activities (radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity - HPSA, ferric reducing antioxidant power - FRAP, and ferrous ion chelating activity - FICA), element concentrations and antimicrobial activity. Main results: According to the melissopalynological analysis, one sample was determined to be unifloral and nine samples were found to be multifloral. The values found ranged 271.42-601.85 mg GAE/100 g TPC, 23.53-34.50 mg CAE/100 g TFC, 22.19-23.78 μg/mL DPPH, 6.50-78.40 µg/mL ABTS, 20.43-150.94 μg/mL HPSA, 97.26-99.83% FRAP and 74.84-91.79% FICA. P-coumaric acid, rosmanic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and naringin were identified in all samples, while catechin was detected only in S6 and S7. Element contents were found Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. All the samples had high antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (MIC= 4.17-8.33 g/mL), and against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC= 8.33 g/mL), except S3 and S4. Research highlights: Different levels and combinations of these components are efficient in the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of pollen.
研究目的:近年来，花粉因其复杂的成分而成为人们首选的营养补充剂。研究了蜜蜂花粉的植物来源、总酚/类黄酮含量(TPC/TFC)、抗氧化/抗菌活性和元素含量。这项研究还调查了花粉中所含的元素，当作为食物食用时，是否会对人体健康构成风险。研究领域:从土耳其四个不同地区的蜂房随机采集了10个混合花粉样本，这些地区属于土耳其 rkiye的三个植物地理区域。材料与方法:测定黄酮类化合物(TFC)和酚类化合物(TPC)的含量;抗氧化活性(自由基清除活性，过氧化氢清除活性- HPSA，铁还原抗氧化能力- FRAP和铁离子螯合活性- FICA)，元素浓度和抗菌活性。主要结果:经同源学分析，1份样品为单花，9份样品为多花。结果表明，其含量范围为271.42 ~ 601.85 mg GAE/100 g TPC、23.53 ~ 34.50 mg CAE/100 g TFC、22.19 ~ 23.78 μg/mL DPPH、6.50 ~ 78.40 μg/mL ABTS、20.43 ~ 150.94 μg/mL HPSA、97.26 ~ 99.83% FRAP和74.84 ~ 91.79% FICA。在所有样品中均检测到对香豆酸、迷迭香酸、槲皮素、芹菜素和柚皮素，而儿茶素仅在S6和S7中检测到。元素含量为Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co.除S3和S4外，其余样品对蜡样芽孢杆菌(MIC= 4.17 ~ 8.33 g/mL)和金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC= 8.33 g/mL)均有较高的抑菌活性。研究重点:这些成分的不同水平和组合对花粉的抗氧化和抗菌活性都是有效的。
{"title":"Antioxidant properties, element contents and antimicrobial activities of bee pollen collected by Apis mellifera L. in Türkiye","authors":"Ilginc Kizilpinar-Temizer, Aytac Guder, E. Candan, U. Yolcu","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-18826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-18826","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Recently, pollen has become a preferred nutritional supplement because of its complex composition. We examined the botanical origin, total phenolic/flavonoid content (TPC/TFC), antioxidant/antimicrobial activity, and element content of pollen samples collected from honeybees. This study also examined whether the elements contained in pollen, when consumed as food, posed a risk to human health. \u0000Area of study: Ten mixed pollen samples were randomly collected from honeybees in the apiaries of four different Turkish regions, which fall among the three phytogeographic regions of Türkiye. \u0000Material and methods: We evaluated total flavonoid (TFC) and phenolic (TPC) contents; antioxidant activities (radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity - HPSA, ferric reducing antioxidant power - FRAP, and ferrous ion chelating activity - FICA), element concentrations and antimicrobial activity. \u0000Main results: According to the melissopalynological analysis, one sample was determined to be unifloral and nine samples were found to be multifloral. The values found ranged 271.42-601.85 mg GAE/100 g TPC, 23.53-34.50 mg CAE/100 g TFC, 22.19-23.78 μg/mL DPPH, 6.50-78.40 µg/mL ABTS, 20.43-150.94 μg/mL HPSA, 97.26-99.83% FRAP and 74.84-91.79% FICA. P-coumaric acid, rosmanic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and naringin were identified in all samples, while catechin was detected only in S6 and S7. Element contents were found Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. All the samples had high antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (MIC= 4.17-8.33 g/mL), and against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC= 8.33 g/mL), except S3 and S4. \u0000Research highlights: Different levels and combinations of these components are efficient in the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of pollen.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48857316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-18953
Absar Mithal Jiskani, M. Abro, M. Khaskheli, K. Wagan
Aim of study: The Better Cotton Initiative is the largest cotton sustainability programme in the world because of the problems with conventional cotton farming and its impact on the environment. It aims to assist cotton communities in surviving and thriving while protecting and restoring the environment. Pakistan needs to make sure that local farmers are adopting these improved crop management practices in order to increase cotton production over the long term. Therefore, our work was to: (i) identify the cotton pests and disease management practices (CPDM) in Pakistan; (ii) evaluate the BC farmers’ level of adoption of CPDM; (iii) compare the experts’ recommendation on CPDM, and (iv) propose a suitable method to evaluate the adoption level. Area of study: BC farmers from Tando Allahyar district areas (Pakistan) were selected to investigate the adoptability to CPDM practices. Material and methods: The method first identified evaluation criteria based on a literature review and the recommendations of ten experts in crop protection. Then, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to weigh all the criteria according to two aspects, BC farmers’ adoption level and experts’ recommendations. Main results: Crop rotation, resistant cultivars, planting Bt with non-Bt cotton and border crops, recommended by experts, were all highly adopted by farmers. However, the adoption rate of other technologies (NEFR technology, botanical spray, and pheromone traps) was low. Research highlights: It was found that BC farmers were more likely to adopt CPDM practices recommended by experts. The above modern concepts and technologies must be adopted to promote sustainable cotton production, pest and disease management, and environmental quality.
{"title":"Fuzzy multicriteria analysis of “Better Cotton” farmers’ adoption and experts’ recommendation on cotton pest and disease management practices","authors":"Absar Mithal Jiskani, M. Abro, M. Khaskheli, K. Wagan","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-18953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-18953","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The Better Cotton Initiative is the largest cotton sustainability programme in the world because of the problems with conventional cotton farming and its impact on the environment. It aims to assist cotton communities in surviving and thriving while protecting and restoring the environment. Pakistan needs to make sure that local farmers are adopting these improved crop management practices in order to increase cotton production over the long term. Therefore, our work was to: (i) identify the cotton pests and disease management practices (CPDM) in Pakistan; (ii) evaluate the BC farmers’ level of adoption of CPDM; (iii) compare the experts’ recommendation on CPDM, and (iv) propose a suitable method to evaluate the adoption level. \u0000Area of study: BC farmers from Tando Allahyar district areas (Pakistan) were selected to investigate the adoptability to CPDM practices. \u0000Material and methods: The method first identified evaluation criteria based on a literature review and the recommendations of ten experts in crop protection. Then, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to weigh all the criteria according to two aspects, BC farmers’ adoption level and experts’ recommendations. \u0000Main results: Crop rotation, resistant cultivars, planting Bt with non-Bt cotton and border crops, recommended by experts, were all highly adopted by farmers. However, the adoption rate of other technologies (NEFR technology, botanical spray, and pheromone traps) was low. \u0000Research highlights: It was found that BC farmers were more likely to adopt CPDM practices recommended by experts. The above modern concepts and technologies must be adopted to promote sustainable cotton production, pest and disease management, and environmental quality.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-19634
Agostina Giacobino, A. Pacini, A. Molineri, Natalia Bulacio-Cagnolo, J. Merke, E. Orellano, Mónica Gaggiotii, M. Signorini
Aim of study: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the mite control strategies combined with nutritional management on honey bee colony dynamics and survival during winter, the following spring, and summer. Area of study: Santa Fe province in central Argentina. Material and methods: We set two apiaries with 40 colonies each and fed one apiary with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and the other with sucrose syrup (SS). Within each apiary, we treated half the colonies against Varroa mites and half of these treated colonies also received a pollen patty. The other half of the colonies remained untreated and did not received pollen patties. All colonies were sampled for Varroa infestation level, Nosema ceranae abundance and colony strength seven times during a year (from summer 2016 to autumn 2017). We computed autumn mite invasion and colony losses at each sampling time. Main results: Colonies fed with HFCS had more brood cells during the study that those fed with SS and treated colonies had fewer adult bees and Varroa infestation than untreated colonies. No significant effect of the protein supplementation was observed on any of the response variables. , SS colonies from all groups had significantly more mites drop counts than HFCS colonies. Research highlights: Considering that a reduced frequency of application is desirable, our results suggested that nutrition management could enhance chemical treatment effectiveness since honey bees might profit from improved nutrition. However, a better understanding of the nutritional requirements of the colonies under field conditions is needed.
{"title":"Impact of nutritional and sanitary management on Apis mellifera colony dynamics and pathogen loads","authors":"Agostina Giacobino, A. Pacini, A. Molineri, Natalia Bulacio-Cagnolo, J. Merke, E. Orellano, Mónica Gaggiotii, M. Signorini","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-19634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-19634","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the mite control strategies combined with nutritional management on honey bee colony dynamics and survival during winter, the following spring, and summer. \u0000Area of study: Santa Fe province in central Argentina. \u0000Material and methods: We set two apiaries with 40 colonies each and fed one apiary with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and the other with sucrose syrup (SS). Within each apiary, we treated half the colonies against Varroa mites and half of these treated colonies also received a pollen patty. The other half of the colonies remained untreated and did not received pollen patties. All colonies were sampled for Varroa infestation level, Nosema ceranae abundance and colony strength seven times during a year (from summer 2016 to autumn 2017). We computed autumn mite invasion and colony losses at each sampling time. \u0000Main results: Colonies fed with HFCS had more brood cells during the study that those fed with SS and treated colonies had fewer adult bees and Varroa infestation than untreated colonies. No significant effect of the protein supplementation was observed on any of the response variables. , SS colonies from all groups had significantly more mites drop counts than HFCS colonies. \u0000Research highlights: Considering that a reduced frequency of application is desirable, our results suggested that nutrition management could enhance chemical treatment effectiveness since honey bees might profit from improved nutrition. However, a better understanding of the nutritional requirements of the colonies under field conditions is needed.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43718660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-19549
F. Maldonado, J. A. Yuri, A. Neira, I. Razmilic
Aim of study: To evaluate whether organic and conventional management practices, cultivar and fruit growth stage affect total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and quercetin glycosides in apples of three cultivars. Area of study: The trials were conducted in commercial orchards located in Chimbarongo, O’Higgins Region, Chile. Material and methods: Two types of orchard management (organic and conventional) were studied in three apple cultivars: Gala 'Brookfield', Granny Smith and Fuji 'Raku Raku'. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and quercetin glycosides were evaluated according to management practices, fruit growth stage, cultivar, fruit weight and skin surface. Data were analyzed statistically using a truncated multiple regression model. Main results: No differences were found between organic and conventional management regarding polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity, except for specific quercetin glycosides. However, significant differences were observed between cultivars in both variables, as well as in fruit development throughout the season, which showed a significant dilution of polyphenols and antioxidant activity as the fruit grew. Research highlights: Cultivar and fruit growth stage were decisive in total phenolic content, glycosidic quercetins and apples antioxidant activity. Conventional and organic management practices were significant for quercetin glycoside concentration, which is the main polyphenol in apples.
{"title":"Total phenolics, quercetin glycosides and antioxidant activity in organic and conventional orchards in three apple cultivars during fruit growth","authors":"F. Maldonado, J. A. Yuri, A. Neira, I. Razmilic","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-19549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-19549","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate whether organic and conventional management practices, cultivar and fruit growth stage affect total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and quercetin glycosides in apples of three cultivars. \u0000Area of study: The trials were conducted in commercial orchards located in Chimbarongo, O’Higgins Region, Chile. \u0000Material and methods: Two types of orchard management (organic and conventional) were studied in three apple cultivars: Gala 'Brookfield', Granny Smith and Fuji 'Raku Raku'. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and quercetin glycosides were evaluated according to management practices, fruit growth stage, cultivar, fruit weight and skin surface. Data were analyzed statistically using a truncated multiple regression model. \u0000Main results: No differences were found between organic and conventional management regarding polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity, except for specific quercetin glycosides. However, significant differences were observed between cultivars in both variables, as well as in fruit development throughout the season, which showed a significant dilution of polyphenols and antioxidant activity as the fruit grew. \u0000Research highlights: Cultivar and fruit growth stage were decisive in total phenolic content, glycosidic quercetins and apples antioxidant activity. Conventional and organic management practices were significant for quercetin glycoside concentration, which is the main polyphenol in apples.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42109367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-19737
Ariadna V. Alvarado, Alan S. Alvarado, F. Arellano, F. Véliz, Á. De Santiago, V. Contreras, M. Mellado
Aim of the study: To investigate potential differences in ovarian structures relative to serum metabolite and mineral concentrations at mating. Also, body condition score (BCS), serum metabolites, and mineral profiling at mating were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant goats. Area of study: Hot zone of northern Mexico (26 °N). Material and methods: Mixed-breed goats (n= 89) on arid rangeland were exposed to bucks during the non-breeding season. Ovarian structures were recorded at mating and ten days after breeding using ultrasonography. Pregnancy was detected at 30 and 120 days post-mating. BCS, blood metabolites, and minerals were determined at mating. Main results: Pregnant goats had higher BCS at mating than non-pregnant goats. The mean serum glucose concentration was higher (p<0.05) for pregnant goats than that for non-pregnant ones (87.3 ± 12.1 vs. 74.4 ± 11.6 mg/dL). Significantly lower (p<0.01) serum urea nitrogen levels at mating were recorded in non-pregnant (10.7 ± 3.5 mg/dL) than in pregnant goats (12.4 ± 3.7 mg/dL). Lower serum glucose (72.2 ± 6.9 vs. 89.4 ± 11.2) and higher non-esterified fatty acids concentrations (NEFA; 0.43 ± 0.23 vs. 0.18 ± 0.12) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with pregnancy loss. Higher serum total protein concentrations were associated with a greater number and larger ovulatory follicles. High serum phosphorus was significantly associated with larger ovulatory follicles. Goats with ovulatory follicles ≥7.6 mm were more likely (p<0.05) to get pregnant than goats with smaller ovulatory follicles. Research highlights: Monitoring BCS, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and NEFA could be used to identify goats at risk for infertility.
{"title":"Body condition score and serum metabolites and minerals concentrations as indicators of ovarian activity and pregnancy success in goats on rangeland","authors":"Ariadna V. Alvarado, Alan S. Alvarado, F. Arellano, F. Véliz, Á. De Santiago, V. Contreras, M. Mellado","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-19737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-19737","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To investigate potential differences in ovarian structures relative to serum metabolite and mineral concentrations at mating. Also, body condition score (BCS), serum metabolites, and mineral profiling at mating were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant goats. \u0000Area of study: Hot zone of northern Mexico (26 °N). \u0000Material and methods: Mixed-breed goats (n= 89) on arid rangeland were exposed to bucks during the non-breeding season. Ovarian structures were recorded at mating and ten days after breeding using ultrasonography. Pregnancy was detected at 30 and 120 days post-mating. BCS, blood metabolites, and minerals were determined at mating. \u0000Main results: Pregnant goats had higher BCS at mating than non-pregnant goats. The mean serum glucose concentration was higher (p<0.05) for pregnant goats than that for non-pregnant ones (87.3 ± 12.1 vs. 74.4 ± 11.6 mg/dL). Significantly lower (p<0.01) serum urea nitrogen levels at mating were recorded in non-pregnant (10.7 ± 3.5 mg/dL) than in pregnant goats (12.4 ± 3.7 mg/dL). Lower serum glucose (72.2 ± 6.9 vs. 89.4 ± 11.2) and higher non-esterified fatty acids concentrations (NEFA; 0.43 ± 0.23 vs. 0.18 ± 0.12) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with pregnancy loss. Higher serum total protein concentrations were associated with a greater number and larger ovulatory follicles. High serum phosphorus was significantly associated with larger ovulatory follicles. Goats with ovulatory follicles ≥7.6 mm were more likely (p<0.05) to get pregnant than goats with smaller ovulatory follicles. \u0000Research highlights: Monitoring BCS, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and NEFA could be used to identify goats at risk for infertility.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41751319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-18977
A. L. Salaro, Thiago R. A. Felipe, Cristiana Carneiro, J. Zuanon, C. M. Sabarense, A. P. S. Carneiro, W. M. Furuya, G. C. Veras, D. A. Campelo
Aim of study: To evaluate which vegetable lipid source promotes better growth performance, whole-body composition and fatty acid profile for juvenile giant trahira (Hoplias lacerdae). Area of study: Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the University of Viçosa (UFV), MG, Brazil. Material and methods: A 50-day feed trial with four treatments, consisting of diets containing different vegetable lipid sources (canola, linseed, soybean or olive oil), was conducted with juveniles of 4.76 ± 0.50 cm and 1.97 ± 0.20 g. Main results: There were no effects of vegetable lipid sources on growth performance. Fish fed diets containing canola oil had higher body lipid deposition and fish fed with linseed oil had lower body lipid content (up to -19.29%) than fish from other treatments. Fish fed canola oil showed lower proportions of saturated fatty acids (up to -11.27%) in the body. Fish fed diets containing soybean oil and linseed oil showed the highest percentages of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, respectively. Fish fed diets containing soybean and linseed oils also had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids content (up to +81.14%). Fish fed diets containing linseed oil had lower content of monounsaturated fatty acids (up to -58.59%) and higher content of docosahexaenoic (up to +175%) and eicosapentaenoic (not detectable to detectable) acids. Research highlights: Juveniles of giant thraira can alter the whole-body fatty acid profile due to their ability to desaturate and elongate the n3 and n6 series fatty acids. Linseed oil was identified as lipid source for this fish species.
{"title":"Effect of dietary vegetable lipid sources on the growth performance and whole-body fatty acid profile of giant trahira, Hoplias lacerdae","authors":"A. L. Salaro, Thiago R. A. Felipe, Cristiana Carneiro, J. Zuanon, C. M. Sabarense, A. P. S. Carneiro, W. M. Furuya, G. C. Veras, D. A. Campelo","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-18977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-18977","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate which vegetable lipid source promotes better growth performance, whole-body composition and fatty acid profile for juvenile giant trahira (Hoplias lacerdae). \u0000Area of study: Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the University of Viçosa (UFV), MG, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: A 50-day feed trial with four treatments, consisting of diets containing different vegetable lipid sources (canola, linseed, soybean or olive oil), was conducted with juveniles of 4.76 ± 0.50 cm and 1.97 ± 0.20 g. \u0000Main results: There were no effects of vegetable lipid sources on growth performance. Fish fed diets containing canola oil had higher body lipid deposition and fish fed with linseed oil had lower body lipid content (up to -19.29%) than fish from other treatments. Fish fed canola oil showed lower proportions of saturated fatty acids (up to -11.27%) in the body. Fish fed diets containing soybean oil and linseed oil showed the highest percentages of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, respectively. Fish fed diets containing soybean and linseed oils also had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids content (up to +81.14%). Fish fed diets containing linseed oil had lower content of monounsaturated fatty acids (up to -58.59%) and higher content of docosahexaenoic (up to +175%) and eicosapentaenoic (not detectable to detectable) acids. \u0000Research highlights: Juveniles of giant thraira can alter the whole-body fatty acid profile due to their ability to desaturate and elongate the n3 and n6 series fatty acids. Linseed oil was identified as lipid source for this fish species.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-19580
Mohammad Mahmoodpour, M. Maleki, K. Mollazade
Aim of study: To develop a methodology for variable rate (VR) fertilization with less complexity in practice for variable rate fertilization. Area of study: Northwest of Iran. Materials and methods: A software was developed to read a soil map image pixel-by-pixel to provide the required information to tailor the fertilizer rate, regardless of which software was used for map generation. A total of 78 soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil potassium, and the results were used to generate an actual map including zones ranging from 70 to 190 kg/ha. The application rates were evaluated based on 50 deposition pans and compared with those calculated from the actual map. Based on the lag time in fertilization, three applied maps were also generated. Main results: The correlation coefficients found between the application rates computed based on the original soil samples and posted the locations of the sample points on the applied maps were 0.95, 0.95, and 0.94, over the ravel speeds of 6, 7, and 8 km/h, respectively. The results showed there is a correlation coefficient of 0.96 with an RMSE of 1.88 kg/ha, where the application rates computed from deposition pans compared with the corresponding location on the actual map. All applied maps were identical to the actual map. The results showed that the VR fertilization based on a direct read of a map image operated as expected. Research highlights: Fertilizer application was based on the direct read of map image. This study highlights also the need of new approaches in programing for simplicity of precision agriculture.
{"title":"A new approach for variable rate fertilization based on direct read of soil map image","authors":"Mohammad Mahmoodpour, M. Maleki, K. Mollazade","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-19580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-19580","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To develop a methodology for variable rate (VR) fertilization with less complexity in practice for variable rate fertilization. \u0000Area of study: Northwest of Iran. \u0000Materials and methods: A software was developed to read a soil map image pixel-by-pixel to provide the required information to tailor the fertilizer rate, regardless of which software was used for map generation. A total of 78 soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil potassium, and the results were used to generate an actual map including zones ranging from 70 to 190 kg/ha. The application rates were evaluated based on 50 deposition pans and compared with those calculated from the actual map. Based on the lag time in fertilization, three applied maps were also generated. \u0000Main results: The correlation coefficients found between the application rates computed based on the original soil samples and posted the locations of the sample points on the applied maps were 0.95, 0.95, and 0.94, over the ravel speeds of 6, 7, and 8 km/h, respectively. The results showed there is a correlation coefficient of 0.96 with an RMSE of 1.88 kg/ha, where the application rates computed from deposition pans compared with the corresponding location on the actual map. All applied maps were identical to the actual map. The results showed that the VR fertilization based on a direct read of a map image operated as expected. \u0000Research highlights: Fertilizer application was based on the direct read of map image. This study highlights also the need of new approaches in programing for simplicity of precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42911329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-19516
D. C. Blettler, J. Biurrun-Manresa, G. Fagúndez
There is considerable scientific evidence revealing a decrease in pollinating insects in different ecosystems around the world. In this context, agricultural intensification and the use of phytosanitary products are likely the main causes. This problem is common to many pollinators but of particular ecosystemic, economic and bromatological significance for honey bees (Apis mellifera) since their presence in these landscapes is mainly due to the proximity of apiaries for human food production and because they are the most important biotic pollinators of agricultural crops. In this review, we present a synthesis of the results of several years of research on this topic, as well as potential solutions referenced in the bibliography that might help alleviate the effects of contamination on honey bees and their products. Additionally, we expose the possible limits of the real implementation of such solutions and conclude on the need to implement land-use planning strategies for agricultural systems. Without mitigating actions in the short term, the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems as bee-friendly habitats and the production of foods suitable for human consumption are uncertain.
{"title":"A A review of the effects of agricultural intensification and the use of pesticides on honey bees and their products and possible palliatives","authors":"D. C. Blettler, J. Biurrun-Manresa, G. Fagúndez","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-19516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-19516","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable scientific evidence revealing a decrease in pollinating insects in different ecosystems around the world. In this context, agricultural intensification and the use of phytosanitary products are likely the main causes. This problem is common to many pollinators but of particular ecosystemic, economic and bromatological significance for honey bees (Apis mellifera) since their presence in these landscapes is mainly due to the proximity of apiaries for human food production and because they are the most important biotic pollinators of agricultural crops. In this review, we present a synthesis of the results of several years of research on this topic, as well as potential solutions referenced in the bibliography that might help alleviate the effects of contamination on honey bees and their products. Additionally, we expose the possible limits of the real implementation of such solutions and conclude on the need to implement land-use planning strategies for agricultural systems. Without mitigating actions in the short term, the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems as bee-friendly habitats and the production of foods suitable for human consumption are uncertain.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022204-18032
Jessica A. Jimenez-Rivera, A. Boglino, Joel F. Linares-Cordova, N. Duncan, M. Ruiz-Gómez, S. Rey-Planellas, Z. Ibarra-Zatarain
Aim of study: To describe the common behaviour of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) under rearing conditions. Area of study: Tepic, Mexico. Material and methods: Behaviours exhibited by mullets were videorecorded with submersible cameras installed inside of three tanks. A total of 690 min per day (07:30 - 18:30 h) were recorded per tank during a week. Afterwards, the different behaviours exhibited by juvenile M. cephalus were described, identified and characterized in an ethogram and grouped into two categories: a) locomotion, including three different observed behaviours (resting, swimming and fast swimming) and b) feeding, including three behaviours (surface feeding, bottom feeding and rubbing). Each of the behavioural variables were quantified. Main results: M. cephalus is a species with a constant locomotion associated to feeding, since fish showed continuous movement during most of day light period. On the contrary, fish exhibited reduced movement during dark periods. Mullets were observed to be a non-aggressive fish species under conditions of the present study, since the absence of dominance and aggression towards conspecifics was observed, which suggested a high predisposition for adaptation to captivity. Finally, behavioural frequencies of grey mullet juveniles were similar among the three tanks for most of the behavioural variables analysed (p>0.05) except for the variable bottom feeding (p=0.02). Research highlights: Results from this study could be of interest for the aquaculture industry to optimize rearing techniques and welfare for the production of grey mullet.
{"title":"Characterization of the different behaviours exhibited by juvenile flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) under rearing conditions","authors":"Jessica A. Jimenez-Rivera, A. Boglino, Joel F. Linares-Cordova, N. Duncan, M. Ruiz-Gómez, S. Rey-Planellas, Z. Ibarra-Zatarain","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022204-18032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-18032","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To describe the common behaviour of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) under rearing conditions. \u0000Area of study: Tepic, Mexico. \u0000Material and methods: Behaviours exhibited by mullets were videorecorded with submersible cameras installed inside of three tanks. A total of 690 min per day (07:30 - 18:30 h) were recorded per tank during a week. Afterwards, the different behaviours exhibited by juvenile M. cephalus were described, identified and characterized in an ethogram and grouped into two categories: a) locomotion, including three different observed behaviours (resting, swimming and fast swimming) and b) feeding, including three behaviours (surface feeding, bottom feeding and rubbing). Each of the behavioural variables were quantified. \u0000Main results: M. cephalus is a species with a constant locomotion associated to feeding, since fish showed continuous movement during most of day light period. On the contrary, fish exhibited reduced movement during dark periods. Mullets were observed to be a non-aggressive fish species under conditions of the present study, since the absence of dominance and aggression towards conspecifics was observed, which suggested a high predisposition for adaptation to captivity. Finally, behavioural frequencies of grey mullet juveniles were similar among the three tanks for most of the behavioural variables analysed (p>0.05) except for the variable bottom feeding (p=0.02). \u0000Research highlights: Results from this study could be of interest for the aquaculture industry to optimize rearing techniques and welfare for the production of grey mullet.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46522457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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