Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-20076
Petjon Ballco, M. Gómez, A. Gracia
Aim of study: This research explores consumers’ acceptance and sensory evaluation, and measures the willingness to pay (WTP) for the most important attributes of a locally grown fresh potato variety. Area of study: Aragon, Spain. Material and methods: Data were collected from two experiments. Experiment 1 (shopping stage) explored the product positioning and reveals consumers’ acceptance using three measurements: visual appearance rating, purchase intent, and WTP. Experiment 2 (consumption stage) corresponds to a sensory ranking task (e.g., taste, smell, texture) conducted at home once the local potato was fried. Main results: Consumers positively valued the visual appearance and were willing to purchase the local potato. The higher the ratings of visual appearance, the higher the consumers’ intention to purchase the product. Women and participants who purchased food from supermarkets were more likely to buy the local potato. Conversely, consumers over 55 years old and those who belong to a lower level of household monthly income were willing to pay less for the local potato. After tasting, the participants’ rating of the product remained unchanged; however, there was a negative rating of the odor once the local potato was fried. Research highlights: Potato producers and vendors should consider that consumers associate the local origin label with observable (e.g., appearance of color, shape) and unobservable (e.g., taste, smell, texture) attributes. Therefore, in addition to promoting the local origin and the benefits of purchasing and consuming local food, further consideration should be given to featuring physical quality aspects such as the sensory properties of the food that are important to consumers.
{"title":"Consumers’ acceptability and sensory evaluation of a traditional local fresh potato variety","authors":"Petjon Ballco, M. Gómez, A. Gracia","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-20076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-20076","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This research explores consumers’ acceptance and sensory evaluation, and measures the willingness to pay (WTP) for the most important attributes of a locally grown fresh potato variety. \u0000Area of study: Aragon, Spain. \u0000Material and methods: Data were collected from two experiments. Experiment 1 (shopping stage) explored the product positioning and reveals consumers’ acceptance using three measurements: visual appearance rating, purchase intent, and WTP. Experiment 2 (consumption stage) corresponds to a sensory ranking task (e.g., taste, smell, texture) conducted at home once the local potato was fried. \u0000Main results: Consumers positively valued the visual appearance and were willing to purchase the local potato. The higher the ratings of visual appearance, the higher the consumers’ intention to purchase the product. Women and participants who purchased food from supermarkets were more likely to buy the local potato. Conversely, consumers over 55 years old and those who belong to a lower level of household monthly income were willing to pay less for the local potato. After tasting, the participants’ rating of the product remained unchanged; however, there was a negative rating of the odor once the local potato was fried. \u0000Research highlights: Potato producers and vendors should consider that consumers associate the local origin label with observable (e.g., appearance of color, shape) and unobservable (e.g., taste, smell, texture) attributes. Therefore, in addition to promoting the local origin and the benefits of purchasing and consuming local food, further consideration should be given to featuring physical quality aspects such as the sensory properties of the food that are important to consumers.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46642800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19317
Saman Alvandi, S. Mohtasebi, Mohammadi Omid, Mohammad HOSSEINPOUR-ZARNAQ
Aim of study: Nigella sativa L. seeds usually are mixed with impurities, which affect its quality and influences consumer acceptance in both raw seeds and the oil market. In this study, an intelligent system based on the combination of machine vision (MV) and artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed to classify and clean N. sativa seeds and its impurities. Area of study: Iran, Kurdistan province. Material and methods: For accurate detections we developed a robust image processing algorithm including image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, and feature extraction steps. Correlation-based Feature Selection method was used to select the superior features. Three methods of linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, and ANN were used to classify the data. Main results: The statistical indices of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for N. sativa in the online phase were 90%, 98.93%, and 97.04%, respectively. The average of these measurements for the impurities class was 95.57%, 96.89%, and 96.58%, respectively. Research highlights: The results demonstrated the feasibility of suggested machine learning and image processing approaches in the real-time cleaning of N. sativa. The image acquisition and processing process, including selection of the best lighting methods to reduce the shadows, noise elimination and segmentation, provided precise results. The final results indicated the effectiveness of proposed machine learning algorithm in feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, and classification approaches. This methodology can be recommended for detection, classification and automatic cleaning of other similar seeds.
{"title":"Development of an online Nigella sativa inspection system equipped with machine vision technology and artificial neural networks","authors":"Saman Alvandi, S. Mohtasebi, Mohammadi Omid, Mohammad HOSSEINPOUR-ZARNAQ","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19317","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Nigella sativa L. seeds usually are mixed with impurities, which affect its quality and influences consumer acceptance in both raw seeds and the oil market. In this study, an intelligent system based on the combination of machine vision (MV) and artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed to classify and clean N. sativa seeds and its impurities. \u0000Area of study: Iran, Kurdistan province. \u0000Material and methods: For accurate detections we developed a robust image processing algorithm including image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, and feature extraction steps. Correlation-based Feature Selection method was used to select the superior features. Three methods of linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, and ANN were used to classify the data. \u0000Main results: The statistical indices of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for N. sativa in the online phase were 90%, 98.93%, and 97.04%, respectively. The average of these measurements for the impurities class was 95.57%, 96.89%, and 96.58%, respectively. \u0000Research highlights: The results demonstrated the feasibility of suggested machine learning and image processing approaches in the real-time cleaning of N. sativa. The image acquisition and processing process, including selection of the best lighting methods to reduce the shadows, noise elimination and segmentation, provided precise results. The final results indicated the effectiveness of proposed machine learning algorithm in feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, and classification approaches. This methodology can be recommended for detection, classification and automatic cleaning of other similar seeds.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42642145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19521
T. C. Maltauro, L. P. C. Guedes, M. Uribe-Opazo, L. E. D. Canton
Aim of study: In precision agriculture, the definition of Application Zones (AZs) in agricultural areas consists in delimiting the area in subareas with similar characteristics, using soil chemical attributes. To such end, the use of clustering methods is common. Therefore, the AZs make up a database that can be used to target future soil sampling, thus seeking a possible sample reduction. The objective of this paper is to assess the acquisition of sample configurations, with reduced sample size, contained in application zones generated by spatial multivariate clustering. The sampling protocol proposed in this work evaluated five clustering methods (C-means, Fanny, K-means, Mcquitty, and Ward) for the creation of AZs, and, through these AZs, to obtain reduced sample configurations with 50% and 75% of the initial sampling points. Area of study: Commercial agricultural area, Cascavel, Brazil. Material and methods: Data of the soil chemical attributes from a commercial agricultural area were used, referring to three soybean harvest years (2013-2014; 2014-2015; and 2015-2016). The clustering methods considered a dissimilarity matrix that aggregates the information about the Euclidean distance between the sample elements and the spatial dependence structure of the attributes. Main results: The results indicated division of the agricultural area into two or three AZs for the aforementioned harvest years, considering the K-means method. Comparing all the reduced sample configurations with the initial one, it was observed that the one proportionally reduced by 25% was the most effective to obtain a reduced sample configuration. Research highlights: The sampling protocol using AZs showed that it is possible to reduce the sample size.
{"title":"Multivariate spatial sample reduction of soil chemical attributes by means of application zones","authors":"T. C. Maltauro, L. P. C. Guedes, M. Uribe-Opazo, L. E. D. Canton","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19521","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: In precision agriculture, the definition of Application Zones (AZs) in agricultural areas consists in delimiting the area in subareas with similar characteristics, using soil chemical attributes. To such end, the use of clustering methods is common. Therefore, the AZs make up a database that can be used to target future soil sampling, thus seeking a possible sample reduction. The objective of this paper is to assess the acquisition of sample configurations, with reduced sample size, contained in application zones generated by spatial multivariate clustering. The sampling protocol proposed in this work evaluated five clustering methods (C-means, Fanny, K-means, Mcquitty, and Ward) for the creation of AZs, and, through these AZs, to obtain reduced sample configurations with 50% and 75% of the initial sampling points. \u0000Area of study: Commercial agricultural area, Cascavel, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: Data of the soil chemical attributes from a commercial agricultural area were used, referring to three soybean harvest years (2013-2014; 2014-2015; and 2015-2016). The clustering methods considered a dissimilarity matrix that aggregates the information about the Euclidean distance between the sample elements and the spatial dependence structure of the attributes. \u0000Main results: The results indicated division of the agricultural area into two or three AZs for the aforementioned harvest years, considering the K-means method. Comparing all the reduced sample configurations with the initial one, it was observed that the one proportionally reduced by 25% was the most effective to obtain a reduced sample configuration. \u0000Research highlights: The sampling protocol using AZs showed that it is possible to reduce the sample size.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42172818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-20241
J. Ferrer, M. García-Cortijo, V. Pinilla, J. Castillo-Valero, Raúl Serrano
Aim of study: To analyze the compatibility of sustainability with the business growth of wineries in Spain. Area of study: The data used come from a survey conducted in the years 202 and 2021, which was addressed to the all wineries located in Spain. Material and methods: The economic growth of wineries is conditioned by different factors; in this work we have analyzed the orientation towards sustainability, business resources and capabilities (marketing, innovation, marketing, human resources, network resources, management resources and financial resources), profitability and exports. The empirical analysis was carried out by studying the responses received after a first mail sent to all independent wineries, with a subsequent telephone call. The number of responses, 411, represents 14% of the population. Using the regression model, estimated by OLS with Robust Errors proposed by Eiker-White, the factors determining the economic growth of the wineries were analyzed. The analysis done was exploratory. Main results: The results show that the factors that most favor the growth of Spanish wine companies are management capabilities, sustainability orientation and financial resources. Research highlights: Two relevant factors for growth are management capabilities and sustainability orientation. This reaffirms the compatibility of opting for sustainability and business growth in the case of Spanish wineries. And it allows to give arguments to the positive discourse between growth and sustainability of economic activities.
{"title":"Sustainability and growth: Evidence from Spanish wine industry","authors":"J. Ferrer, M. García-Cortijo, V. Pinilla, J. Castillo-Valero, Raúl Serrano","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-20241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-20241","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To analyze the compatibility of sustainability with the business growth of wineries in Spain. \u0000Area of study: The data used come from a survey conducted in the years 202 and 2021, which was addressed to the all wineries located in Spain. \u0000Material and methods: The economic growth of wineries is conditioned by different factors; in this work we have analyzed the orientation towards sustainability, business resources and capabilities (marketing, innovation, marketing, human resources, network resources, management resources and financial resources), profitability and exports. The empirical analysis was carried out by studying the responses received after a first mail sent to all independent wineries, with a subsequent telephone call. The number of responses, 411, represents 14% of the population. Using the regression model, estimated by OLS with Robust Errors proposed by Eiker-White, the factors determining the economic growth of the wineries were analyzed. The analysis done was exploratory. \u0000Main results: The results show that the factors that most favor the growth of Spanish wine companies are management capabilities, sustainability orientation and financial resources. \u0000Research highlights: Two relevant factors for growth are management capabilities and sustainability orientation. This reaffirms the compatibility of opting for sustainability and business growth in the case of Spanish wineries. And it allows to give arguments to the positive discourse between growth and sustainability of economic activities.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19600
M. Mellado, Claudia D. Herrera, Á. De Santiago, F. Véliz, J. Mellado, J. García
Aim of the study: To evaluate the association between temperature-humidity index (THI) and body condition score (BCS) at calving and retained placenta (RP), puerperal metritis, clinical ketosis, and mastitis in Holstein cows in a hot environment Area of study: Northeastern Mexico. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study (n= 12,102 lactations from January 2017 to December 2021) using univariate logistic regressions. The outcome variables were periparturient diseases, and the predictor variables were BCS and thermal stress at calving. Main results: Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 30% more likely (prevalence 16.8% vs 13.7%; p < 0.01) to have RP than cows whose parturition occurred with moderate or low thermal stress (THI < 82 units). Cows calving with THI > 82 had significantly increased chances of having metritis than cows calving with THI < 82 (prevalence 15.6 vs 13.4; p < 0.01). Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 1.8 times more likely to have clinical ketosis (7.6% vs 4.4%; p < 0.01) than cows calving with THI < 82 units. Cows with BCS at calving ≥ 3.5 had half the risk of having RP (prevalence 10.4 vs 19.1%, p < 0.01) than cows with BCS < 3.5. Likewise, the risk of metritis decreased (p < 0.01) with BCS ≥3.5 at calving (prevalence 10.9 vs 17.4%). Research highlights: Heat stress at calving was associated with an increased risk for RP, puerperal metritis, and clinical ketosis compared to cows undergoing mild or no heat stress at parturition. Also, cows with BCS ≥ 3.5 were less likely to present RP and metritis, but high body fatness was associated with an increased risk for clinical ketosis.
本研究的目的：评估热环境中荷斯坦奶牛产仔和胎盘滞留时的温湿度指数（THI）和身体状况评分（BCS）、产褥期子宫炎、临床酮症和乳腺炎之间的关系研究区域：墨西哥东北部。材料和方法：这是一项使用单变量逻辑回归的回顾性队列研究（2017年1月至2021年12月，12102名哺乳期妇女）。结果变量是围产期疾病，预测变量是BCS和产仔时的热应激。主要结果：THI>82产仔的奶牛患RP的可能性比在中度或低度热应激（THI<82单位）下分娩的奶牛高30%（患病率16.8%vs13.7%；p<0.01）。与THI<82产仔的奶牛相比，THI>82产仔奶牛患子宫炎的几率显著增加（患病率15.6 vs 13.4；p<0.01）。产仔时BCS≥3.5的奶牛患RP的风险是BCS<3.5的奶牛的一半（患病率10.4vs19.1%，p<0.01）。同样，当产仔时BCS≥3.5时，患子宫炎的风险降低（p<0.01）（患病率10.9vs 17.4%）。研究强调：与分娩时轻度或无热应激的奶牛相比，产仔时的热应激与RP、产褥期子宫炎和临床酮症的风险增加有关。此外，BCS≥3.5的奶牛不太可能出现RP和子宫炎，但高体脂与临床酮症的风险增加有关。
{"title":"Effect of heat stress and body condition score on the occurrence of puerperal disorders in Holstein cows","authors":"M. Mellado, Claudia D. Herrera, Á. De Santiago, F. Véliz, J. Mellado, J. García","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19600","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To evaluate the association between temperature-humidity index (THI) and body condition score (BCS) at calving and retained placenta (RP), puerperal metritis, clinical ketosis, and mastitis in Holstein cows in a hot environment \u0000Area of study: Northeastern Mexico. \u0000Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study (n= 12,102 lactations from January 2017 to December 2021) using univariate logistic regressions. The outcome variables were periparturient diseases, and the predictor variables were BCS and thermal stress at calving. \u0000Main results: Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 30% more likely (prevalence 16.8% vs 13.7%; p < 0.01) to have RP than cows whose parturition occurred with moderate or low thermal stress (THI < 82 units). Cows calving with THI > 82 had significantly increased chances of having metritis than cows calving with THI < 82 (prevalence 15.6 vs 13.4; p < 0.01). Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 1.8 times more likely to have clinical ketosis (7.6% vs 4.4%; p < 0.01) than cows calving with THI < 82 units. Cows with BCS at calving ≥ 3.5 had half the risk of having RP (prevalence 10.4 vs 19.1%, p < 0.01) than cows with BCS < 3.5. Likewise, the risk of metritis decreased (p < 0.01) with BCS ≥3.5 at calving (prevalence 10.9 vs 17.4%). \u0000Research highlights: Heat stress at calving was associated with an increased risk for RP, puerperal metritis, and clinical ketosis compared to cows undergoing mild or no heat stress at parturition. Also, cows with BCS ≥ 3.5 were less likely to present RP and metritis, but high body fatness was associated with an increased risk for clinical ketosis.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19967
L. Pérez-Ciria, G. Ripoll, M. A. Sanz, M. Blanco, M. A. Latorre
Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of the type of male castration (surgical vs. immunological) on the characteristics of Teruel dry-cured hams. Area of study: Teruel and Zaragoza (Spain). Material and methods: A total of 14 dry-cured hams from Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) male pigs intended for the Spanish Protected Designation of Origin ˈTeruel hamˈ were used. Half of them belonged to surgical castrated males (SCM) and the other half to immunocastrated males (IM). Ham weight losses during processing, physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed. Main results: There were no differences (p>0.05) due to the type of castration in ham weight losses throughout processing, thickness of subcutaneous fat, marbling, maximum stress and intramuscular fatty acid profile. However, hams from IM presented lower (p<0.05) chroma than those from SCM. The type of castration had limited influence on chemical composition; only potassium nitrate and retinol contents were affected (p<0.05), being lower in IM than in SCM. For volatile compounds, IM showed lower (p<0.05) percentages of total alcohols and sulfur compounds and higher (p=0.012) proportion of total acids than SCM. All the hams had negligible androstenone content but IM presented higher (p<0.05) skatole and indole concentrations than SCM, being these levels low. Research highlights: The type of castration in male pigs seems to have scarce influence on the quality of Teruel dry-cured hams, and therefore, immunocastration could be considered as a possible alternative to surgical castration.
{"title":"Effect of male pig immunocastration on physical and chemical characteristics of Teruel dry-cured hams","authors":"L. Pérez-Ciria, G. Ripoll, M. A. Sanz, M. Blanco, M. A. Latorre","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19967","url":null,"abstract":" Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of the type of male castration (surgical vs. immunological) on the characteristics of Teruel dry-cured hams. \u0000 Area of study: Teruel and Zaragoza (Spain). \u0000 Material and methods: A total of 14 dry-cured hams from Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) male pigs intended for the Spanish Protected Designation of Origin ˈTeruel hamˈ were used. Half of them belonged to surgical castrated males (SCM) and the other half to immunocastrated males (IM). Ham weight losses during processing, physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed. \u0000 Main results: There were no differences (p>0.05) due to the type of castration in ham weight losses throughout processing, thickness of subcutaneous fat, marbling, maximum stress and intramuscular fatty acid profile. However, hams from IM presented lower (p<0.05) chroma than those from SCM. The type of castration had limited influence on chemical composition; only potassium nitrate and retinol contents were affected (p<0.05), being lower in IM than in SCM. For volatile compounds, IM showed lower (p<0.05) percentages of total alcohols and sulfur compounds and higher (p=0.012) proportion of total acids than SCM. All the hams had negligible androstenone content but IM presented higher (p<0.05) skatole and indole concentrations than SCM, being these levels low. \u0000 Research highlights: The type of castration in male pigs seems to have scarce influence on the quality of Teruel dry-cured hams, and therefore, immunocastration could be considered as a possible alternative to surgical castration.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19811
G. G. Zimmermann, S. P. Jasper, D. Savi, R. S. Ferraz, Eduardo A. Gracietti
Aim of study: This experiment's objective is to develop an automatic data acquisition system for profilometry, evaluating four harrowing speeds. Area of study: Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. Material and methods: We experimented at the laboratory using a completely randomized design, comparing the data of modified roughness, raised and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness. These were acquired with traditional and electronic profilometers in seven replications. We executed the field test in lines, using a completely randomized design. The profilometers were in the plots and the targeted speeds in the subplots. We submitted the data for analysis of variance and when significant, to Tukey's test and regression analysis. Main results: Laboratory testing showed no significant difference in the parameters of modified roughness, elevated and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness, denoting the phase validation that indicates applicability in the field. The field testing presented superior results for the electronic profilometer in elevated and mobilized areas and soil layer thickness. That is due to the absence of interference in the measurements that occur in the conventional profilometer caused by the insertion of the rods in the soil. Research highlights: The increase in the mechanized set speed provided the reduction of the elevated area and soil blistering caused by the rise in disc rotation and consequent deviation of the soil particles.
{"title":"Development of an electronic profilometer to measure mobilization variables in soil harrowing","authors":"G. G. Zimmermann, S. P. Jasper, D. Savi, R. S. Ferraz, Eduardo A. Gracietti","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19811","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This experiment's objective is to develop an automatic data acquisition system for profilometry, evaluating four harrowing speeds. \u0000Area of study: Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: We experimented at the laboratory using a completely randomized design, comparing the data of modified roughness, raised and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness. These were acquired with traditional and electronic profilometers in seven replications. We executed the field test in lines, using a completely randomized design. The profilometers were in the plots and the targeted speeds in the subplots. We submitted the data for analysis of variance and when significant, to Tukey's test and regression analysis. \u0000Main results: Laboratory testing showed no significant difference in the parameters of modified roughness, elevated and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness, denoting the phase validation that indicates applicability in the field. The field testing presented superior results for the electronic profilometer in elevated and mobilized areas and soil layer thickness. That is due to the absence of interference in the measurements that occur in the conventional profilometer caused by the insertion of the rods in the soil. \u0000Research highlights: The increase in the mechanized set speed provided the reduction of the elevated area and soil blistering caused by the rise in disc rotation and consequent deviation of the soil particles.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49568726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023211-19979
P. Sarkar, H. Raheman
Aim of study: To develop a new type of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) harvesting mechanism in the laboratory that can be used in small-scale cabbage harvester in Indian conditions with minimum power requirement. Area of study: Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Material and methods: The mechanism consisted of a cutting unit, a pushing unit and a conveying unit. Two counter-rotating disc cutters were used as cutting devices. Cutting speed, forward speed and cutting position were considered as influential parameters for torque required to carry out the harvesting of cabbage. A full factorial design was followed for the experiment and response surface methodology was used to optimize these parameters for minimizing torque requirement for cutting and pushing the cabbage. Main results Torque decreased when cutting speed increased and when cutting height from the cabbage head decreased. Statistical analysis showed that cutting speed and cutting position affected the total torque significantly. The optimized cutting speed, forward speed and cutting position were found as 590 rpm, 0.25 m s-1 and 0 cm, respectively with a desirability of 0.995. A regression model was developed to predict the total torque for cutting the cabbage stem and it was validated against 10 datasets with a percentage of bias within 10%. Research highlights: The mechanism developed for cabbage harvesting could successfully cut and lift the cabbage heads in the laboratory. These optimized parameters are to be followed in the field prototype cabbage harvester for its successful operation in the field.
研究目的:在实验室中开发一种新型的甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)收获机构，该机构可以在印度条件下以最小的功率需求用于小型甘蓝收获机上。研究领域:印度理工学院，Kharagpur，印度材料和方法:该机构由一个切割单元，一个推动单元和一个输送单元组成。采用两台反向旋转圆盘刀作为切割装置。考虑了切割速度、前进速度和切割位置是影响白菜收获所需扭矩的参数。试验采用全因子设计，利用响应面法对各参数进行优化，以最大限度地降低切推白菜所需的扭矩。主要结果:随着切割速度的增加和距离白菜头高度的降低，扭矩减小。统计分析表明，切削速度和切削位置对总转矩有显著影响。最佳切削速度为590 rpm，前进速度为0.25 m s-1，切削位置为0 cm，理想度为0.995。建立了一个回归模型来预测切白菜茎的总扭矩，并对10个数据集进行了验证，偏差百分比在10%以内。研究重点:所开发的白菜收获机制在实验室成功实现了白菜头的切提。这些优化后的参数将在田间样机白菜收获机中得到应用，使其在田间成功运行。
{"title":"Development of a laboratory setup simulating cabbage harvesting mechanism and optimization of torque requirement for harvesting cabbage","authors":"P. Sarkar, H. Raheman","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023211-19979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023211-19979","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To develop a new type of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) harvesting mechanism in the laboratory that can be used in small-scale cabbage harvester in Indian conditions with minimum power requirement. \u0000Area of study: Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India \u0000Material and methods: The mechanism consisted of a cutting unit, a pushing unit and a conveying unit. Two counter-rotating disc cutters were used as cutting devices. Cutting speed, forward speed and cutting position were considered as influential parameters for torque required to carry out the harvesting of cabbage. A full factorial design was followed for the experiment and response surface methodology was used to optimize these parameters for minimizing torque requirement for cutting and pushing the cabbage. \u0000Main results Torque decreased when cutting speed increased and when cutting height from the cabbage head decreased. Statistical analysis showed that cutting speed and cutting position affected the total torque significantly. The optimized cutting speed, forward speed and cutting position were found as 590 rpm, 0.25 m s-1 and 0 cm, respectively with a desirability of 0.995. A regression model was developed to predict the total torque for cutting the cabbage stem and it was validated against 10 datasets with a percentage of bias within 10%. \u0000Research highlights: The mechanism developed for cabbage harvesting could successfully cut and lift the cabbage heads in the laboratory. These optimized parameters are to be followed in the field prototype cabbage harvester for its successful operation in the field.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44502610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023211-19683
Midhat Tuhvatullin, Yuriy Arkhangelsky, R. Aipov, E. Khasanov
Aim of study: Microwave (MW) electro-technological units based on electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh-frequency can involve thermal MW modification of dielectrics and non-thermal MW modification of polymers. Area of study: Russian Federation. Material and methods: The paper considers a method for making a unit with a hybrid chamber, where thermal and non-thermal MW modifications were carried out simultaneously, and the remaining energy after non-thermal MW modification of polymers was used for heating the dielectric. Main results: A microwave electro-technological unit with a hybrid chamber replaced two separate devices that implemented these MW modifications. It was cheaper and required one MW generator. The unit took up less space than two separate apparatuses, and upgraded the existing microwave dryer to perform thermal MW modification of a lumber pile and non-thermal MW modification of polymer materials. The existing microwave dryer was redeveloped by solving the boundary value problem in electrodynamics and heat and mass transfer. Research highlights: The research presents a microwave electro-technological unit with a hybrid chamber, combining thermal and non-thermal MW modifications of dielectric and polymer materials. As a result of upgrading the existing microwave dryer, it was possible to carry out both thermal and non-thermal MW modifications, namely, microwave drying of timber and microwave drying of up to seven different polymer objects.
{"title":"Innovations in designing microwave electro-technological units with hybrid chambers","authors":"Midhat Tuhvatullin, Yuriy Arkhangelsky, R. Aipov, E. Khasanov","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023211-19683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023211-19683","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Microwave (MW) electro-technological units based on electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh-frequency can involve thermal MW modification of dielectrics and non-thermal MW modification of polymers. \u0000Area of study: Russian Federation. \u0000Material and methods: The paper considers a method for making a unit with a hybrid chamber, where thermal and non-thermal MW modifications were carried out simultaneously, and the remaining energy after non-thermal MW modification of polymers was used for heating the dielectric. \u0000Main results: A microwave electro-technological unit with a hybrid chamber replaced two separate devices that implemented these MW modifications. It was cheaper and required one MW generator. The unit took up less space than two separate apparatuses, and upgraded the existing microwave dryer to perform thermal MW modification of a lumber pile and non-thermal MW modification of polymer materials. The existing microwave dryer was redeveloped by solving the boundary value problem in electrodynamics and heat and mass transfer. \u0000Research highlights: The research presents a microwave electro-technological unit with a hybrid chamber, combining thermal and non-thermal MW modifications of dielectric and polymer materials. As a result of upgrading the existing microwave dryer, it was possible to carry out both thermal and non-thermal MW modifications, namely, microwave drying of timber and microwave drying of up to seven different polymer objects.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49194461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023211-19392
H. Khafajeh, A. Banakar, S. Minaei, M. Delavar
Aim of study: The design and development of a hydroponic greenhouse fuzzy control system. Area of study: The evaluation was performed using experimental data obtained from the literature. The construction and evaluation of the fuzzy control hydroponic greenhouse system was carried out in a greenhouse in Tehran, Iran. Material and methods: The greenhouse environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide, were controlled. The design of a fuzzy controller begun with the selection of linguistic variables, process status, and input and output variables. The fuzzy control system consisted of three modules: 1) fuzzy module, 2) cost function, and 3) genetic algorithm for the adjustment of the greenhouse environmental conditions.The next step was to select a set of linguistic rules and the type of fuzzy inference process. The rules were set once, and the fuzzy set and output value needed to be specified after the inference, along with the development of a non-fuzzy strategy. Main results: The mean temperatures provided by the fuzzy control system during the day and night were 34.25°C and 23.22°C, respectively, which were improved to 31.17°C and 21.96°C after optimization. The mean humidity was 39.4% and 56.5% during the day and the night, respectively, which turned 60.22% and 74.59% after optimization. The control system also achieved desirable conditions in terms of CO2 amount. Research highlights: The results showed that the measured values of temperature and relative humidity of the greenhouse were improved after optimization with genetic algorithm.
{"title":"A hydroponic greenhouse fuzzy control system: design, development and optimization using the genetic algorithm","authors":"H. Khafajeh, A. Banakar, S. Minaei, M. Delavar","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023211-19392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023211-19392","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The design and development of a hydroponic greenhouse fuzzy control system. \u0000Area of study: The evaluation was performed using experimental data obtained from the literature. The construction and evaluation of the fuzzy control hydroponic greenhouse system was carried out in a greenhouse in Tehran, Iran. \u0000Material and methods: The greenhouse environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide, were controlled. The design of a fuzzy controller begun with the selection of linguistic variables, process status, and input and output variables. The fuzzy control system consisted of three modules: 1) fuzzy module, 2) cost function, and 3) genetic algorithm for the adjustment of the greenhouse environmental conditions.The next step was to select a set of linguistic rules and the type of fuzzy inference process. The rules were set once, and the fuzzy set and output value needed to be specified after the inference, along with the development of a non-fuzzy strategy. \u0000Main results: The mean temperatures provided by the fuzzy control system during the day and night were 34.25°C and 23.22°C, respectively, which were improved to 31.17°C and 21.96°C after optimization. The mean humidity was 39.4% and 56.5% during the day and the night, respectively, which turned 60.22% and 74.59% after optimization. The control system also achieved desirable conditions in terms of CO2 amount. \u0000Research highlights: The results showed that the measured values of temperature and relative humidity of the greenhouse were improved after optimization with genetic algorithm.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46976363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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