Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19457
J. Devi, R. K. Dubey, V. Sagar, R. Verma, P. Singh, T. Behera
Aim of study: To determine the amount of diversity in pea breeding materials with the objective to classify a set of potential parents carrying novel/economic variations that could be used in future breed pea varieties. Area of study: ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. Material and methods: A total of 45 pea accessions were analysed for phenotypic and molecular diversity using 17 agro-morphological traits and 52 SSR markers. Main results: All traits under investigation showed considerable genetic variation. The genotypes exhibited 6.7, 2.7 and 12-fold variation for traits viz., pods/plant, 10-pod weight and yield/plant, respectively. Among 52 SSR markers, 22 were found to be polymorphic. A total of 90 allelic variants were detected, with an average of 2.7 alleles/locus. PIC and D-values for markers AA135 (0.79 and 0.81) and PSMPSAD51 (0.7 and 0.74) were the highest, while AB40 (0.19 and 0.2) had the lowest. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 46.96 and 23.96% of total variation, respectively. The clustering based on agro-morphological traits differentiated 45 individuals into three mega clusters, while SSR markers-based clustering classified these accessions into four groups. Research highlights: Based on their uniqueness, we identified a set of genotypes (VRPD-2, VRPD-3, PC-531, ‘Kashi Nandini’, ‘Kashi Udai’, ‘Kashi Mukti’, ‘Arkel’, VRPE-101, ‘Azad Pea-3’, EC865944, VRPM-901 and VRP-500) harbouring genes for various economic traits. The findings presented here will be extremely useful to breeders who are working on improvement of peas through selective introgression breeding.
{"title":"Vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.) diversity: An analysis of available elite germplasm resources with relevance to crop improvement","authors":"J. Devi, R. K. Dubey, V. Sagar, R. Verma, P. Singh, T. Behera","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19457","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To determine the amount of diversity in pea breeding materials with the objective to classify a set of potential parents carrying novel/economic variations that could be used in future breed pea varieties. \u0000Area of study: ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. \u0000Material and methods: A total of 45 pea accessions were analysed for phenotypic and molecular diversity using 17 agro-morphological traits and 52 SSR markers. \u0000Main results: All traits under investigation showed considerable genetic variation. The genotypes exhibited 6.7, 2.7 and 12-fold variation for traits viz., pods/plant, 10-pod weight and yield/plant, respectively. Among 52 SSR markers, 22 were found to be polymorphic. A total of 90 allelic variants were detected, with an average of 2.7 alleles/locus. PIC and D-values for markers AA135 (0.79 and 0.81) and PSMPSAD51 (0.7 and 0.74) were the highest, while AB40 (0.19 and 0.2) had the lowest. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 46.96 and 23.96% of total variation, respectively. The clustering based on agro-morphological traits differentiated 45 individuals into three mega clusters, while SSR markers-based clustering classified these accessions into four groups. \u0000Research highlights: Based on their uniqueness, we identified a set of genotypes (VRPD-2, VRPD-3, PC-531, ‘Kashi Nandini’, ‘Kashi Udai’, ‘Kashi Mukti’, ‘Arkel’, VRPE-101, ‘Azad Pea-3’, EC865944, VRPM-901 and VRP-500) harbouring genes for various economic traits. The findings presented here will be extremely useful to breeders who are working on improvement of peas through selective introgression breeding.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44907378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19923
R. C. Martins, S. Leonel, J. M. A. Souza, M. Leonel, F. Putti, P. G. U. Züge, R. B. Ferreira, M. S. Silva, Jaime DUARTE FILHO
Aim of study: To address diversification of citrus cultivars to increase the variety and profitability of orchards to adapt them to environmental changes. Area of study: State of São Paulo, a subtropical region of southeastern Brazil. Material and methods: The study evaluated the phenological intervals, thermal sum, vegetative and productive performance, and fruit quality of the sweet orange cultivars ‘Rubi’ (R), ‘Lue Gin Gong’ (LGG) and ‘Valencia Delta Seedless’ (VDS) grafted onto 'Rangpur' lime (RL) and 'Swingle' citrumelo (SC). The field experiment was conducted over consecutive growing seasons 2018-2021. Main results: The duration of the phenological intervals was little influenced by the rootstocks. The harvest time was approximately 245 days after anthesis (DAA) for R, 402 DAA for LGG, and 407 DAA for VDS, regardless of rootstock. Scion cultivars grafted onto RL showed larger canopy volumes and greater weight, length, and diameter of fruits than those of SC trees, and the combinations with SC were more productively efficient than RL due to lower canopy volume. The R scion cultivar presented superior yield performance and fruit colouration than LGG and VDS. The physicochemical quality of the fruits showed improved results with the combinations of LGG/RL, LGG/SC, VDS/RL, and VDS/SC. Research highlights: These results may be useful when planning the diversification of scion/rootstock combinations for new orchards, identifying dual-market orange cultivars for industrial processing and natural consumption, and determining the combinations that are better adapted to undesirable climatic conditions.
{"title":"Citrus crop performance and fruit quality in response to different scion-rootstock combinations","authors":"R. C. Martins, S. Leonel, J. M. A. Souza, M. Leonel, F. Putti, P. G. U. Züge, R. B. Ferreira, M. S. Silva, Jaime DUARTE FILHO","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19923","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To address diversification of citrus cultivars to increase the variety and profitability of orchards to adapt them to environmental changes. \u0000Area of study: State of São Paulo, a subtropical region of southeastern Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: The study evaluated the phenological intervals, thermal sum, vegetative and productive performance, and fruit quality of the sweet orange cultivars ‘Rubi’ (R), ‘Lue Gin Gong’ (LGG) and ‘Valencia Delta Seedless’ (VDS) grafted onto 'Rangpur' lime (RL) and 'Swingle' citrumelo (SC). The field experiment was conducted over consecutive growing seasons 2018-2021. \u0000Main results: The duration of the phenological intervals was little influenced by the rootstocks. The harvest time was approximately 245 days after anthesis (DAA) for R, 402 DAA for LGG, and 407 DAA for VDS, regardless of rootstock. Scion cultivars grafted onto RL showed larger canopy volumes and greater weight, length, and diameter of fruits than those of SC trees, and the combinations with SC were more productively efficient than RL due to lower canopy volume. The R scion cultivar presented superior yield performance and fruit colouration than LGG and VDS. The physicochemical quality of the fruits showed improved results with the combinations of LGG/RL, LGG/SC, VDS/RL, and VDS/SC. \u0000Research highlights: These results may be useful when planning the diversification of scion/rootstock combinations for new orchards, identifying dual-market orange cultivars for industrial processing and natural consumption, and determining the combinations that are better adapted to undesirable climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45658333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-20076
Petjon Ballco, M. Gómez, A. Gracia
Aim of study: This research explores consumers’ acceptance and sensory evaluation, and measures the willingness to pay (WTP) for the most important attributes of a locally grown fresh potato variety. Area of study: Aragon, Spain. Material and methods: Data were collected from two experiments. Experiment 1 (shopping stage) explored the product positioning and reveals consumers’ acceptance using three measurements: visual appearance rating, purchase intent, and WTP. Experiment 2 (consumption stage) corresponds to a sensory ranking task (e.g., taste, smell, texture) conducted at home once the local potato was fried. Main results: Consumers positively valued the visual appearance and were willing to purchase the local potato. The higher the ratings of visual appearance, the higher the consumers’ intention to purchase the product. Women and participants who purchased food from supermarkets were more likely to buy the local potato. Conversely, consumers over 55 years old and those who belong to a lower level of household monthly income were willing to pay less for the local potato. After tasting, the participants’ rating of the product remained unchanged; however, there was a negative rating of the odor once the local potato was fried. Research highlights: Potato producers and vendors should consider that consumers associate the local origin label with observable (e.g., appearance of color, shape) and unobservable (e.g., taste, smell, texture) attributes. Therefore, in addition to promoting the local origin and the benefits of purchasing and consuming local food, further consideration should be given to featuring physical quality aspects such as the sensory properties of the food that are important to consumers.
{"title":"Consumers’ acceptability and sensory evaluation of a traditional local fresh potato variety","authors":"Petjon Ballco, M. Gómez, A. Gracia","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-20076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-20076","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This research explores consumers’ acceptance and sensory evaluation, and measures the willingness to pay (WTP) for the most important attributes of a locally grown fresh potato variety. \u0000Area of study: Aragon, Spain. \u0000Material and methods: Data were collected from two experiments. Experiment 1 (shopping stage) explored the product positioning and reveals consumers’ acceptance using three measurements: visual appearance rating, purchase intent, and WTP. Experiment 2 (consumption stage) corresponds to a sensory ranking task (e.g., taste, smell, texture) conducted at home once the local potato was fried. \u0000Main results: Consumers positively valued the visual appearance and were willing to purchase the local potato. The higher the ratings of visual appearance, the higher the consumers’ intention to purchase the product. Women and participants who purchased food from supermarkets were more likely to buy the local potato. Conversely, consumers over 55 years old and those who belong to a lower level of household monthly income were willing to pay less for the local potato. After tasting, the participants’ rating of the product remained unchanged; however, there was a negative rating of the odor once the local potato was fried. \u0000Research highlights: Potato producers and vendors should consider that consumers associate the local origin label with observable (e.g., appearance of color, shape) and unobservable (e.g., taste, smell, texture) attributes. Therefore, in addition to promoting the local origin and the benefits of purchasing and consuming local food, further consideration should be given to featuring physical quality aspects such as the sensory properties of the food that are important to consumers.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46642800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19605
I. Araújo, T. S. Lopes, L. J. Lara, Bruno T. A. Costa
The welfare of farm animals is a hotly debated issue today. There are few technical materials available focused on hatcheries that address and incorporate practices adopting the welfare level required by civil society. However, about 33% of the production period of a broiler chicken occurs on the hatchery. Recent studies have shown that day-old chick production has points that need to be improved. Technical standards indicate that the process of welfare should begin during egg storage such that the best conditions are provided for embryos prior to incubation. Storage until 28 days at temperatures above 12ºC can kill embryos, while exposure of eggs to 30 ºC until 14 days causes a negative impact under the hatchability. The available results regarding in ovo nutrition show that it should be considered for benefit neonate quality since inoculation of substances such vitamin E (60.4 IU) promote better incubation results. Feeding immediately after hatching is a management for welfare because animals feed-fed soon after hatch perform better up to 35 d. The most criticized point in hatcheries is the slaughter of neonates, for which some strategies are being investigated, including the use of dual-purpose aptitude strains, in ovo sexing by different methodologies, sex inversion and hormonal-based sexing. It is noted that procedures involving bird incubation require greater attention to welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to align theoretical knowledge with practical applications so that the demands of society, as well as those of industry, are met.
{"title":"Animal welfare of embryos and newly hatched chicks: A review","authors":"I. Araújo, T. S. Lopes, L. J. Lara, Bruno T. A. Costa","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19605","url":null,"abstract":"The welfare of farm animals is a hotly debated issue today. There are few technical materials available focused on hatcheries that address and incorporate practices adopting the welfare level required by civil society. However, about 33% of the production period of a broiler chicken occurs on the hatchery. Recent studies have shown that day-old chick production has points that need to be improved. Technical standards indicate that the process of welfare should begin during egg storage such that the best conditions are provided for embryos prior to incubation. Storage until 28 days at temperatures above 12ºC can kill embryos, while exposure of eggs to 30 ºC until 14 days causes a negative impact under the hatchability. The available results regarding in ovo nutrition show that it should be considered for benefit neonate quality since inoculation of substances such vitamin E (60.4 IU) promote better incubation results. Feeding immediately after hatching is a management for welfare because animals feed-fed soon after hatch perform better up to 35 d. The most criticized point in hatcheries is the slaughter of neonates, for which some strategies are being investigated, including the use of dual-purpose aptitude strains, in ovo sexing by different methodologies, sex inversion and hormonal-based sexing. It is noted that procedures involving bird incubation require greater attention to welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to align theoretical knowledge with practical applications so that the demands of society, as well as those of industry, are met.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49638763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19317
Saman Alvandi, S. Mohtasebi, Mohammadi Omid, Mohammad HOSSEINPOUR-ZARNAQ
Aim of study: Nigella sativa L. seeds usually are mixed with impurities, which affect its quality and influences consumer acceptance in both raw seeds and the oil market. In this study, an intelligent system based on the combination of machine vision (MV) and artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed to classify and clean N. sativa seeds and its impurities. Area of study: Iran, Kurdistan province. Material and methods: For accurate detections we developed a robust image processing algorithm including image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, and feature extraction steps. Correlation-based Feature Selection method was used to select the superior features. Three methods of linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, and ANN were used to classify the data. Main results: The statistical indices of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for N. sativa in the online phase were 90%, 98.93%, and 97.04%, respectively. The average of these measurements for the impurities class was 95.57%, 96.89%, and 96.58%, respectively. Research highlights: The results demonstrated the feasibility of suggested machine learning and image processing approaches in the real-time cleaning of N. sativa. The image acquisition and processing process, including selection of the best lighting methods to reduce the shadows, noise elimination and segmentation, provided precise results. The final results indicated the effectiveness of proposed machine learning algorithm in feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, and classification approaches. This methodology can be recommended for detection, classification and automatic cleaning of other similar seeds.
{"title":"Development of an online Nigella sativa inspection system equipped with machine vision technology and artificial neural networks","authors":"Saman Alvandi, S. Mohtasebi, Mohammadi Omid, Mohammad HOSSEINPOUR-ZARNAQ","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19317","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Nigella sativa L. seeds usually are mixed with impurities, which affect its quality and influences consumer acceptance in both raw seeds and the oil market. In this study, an intelligent system based on the combination of machine vision (MV) and artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed to classify and clean N. sativa seeds and its impurities. \u0000Area of study: Iran, Kurdistan province. \u0000Material and methods: For accurate detections we developed a robust image processing algorithm including image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, and feature extraction steps. Correlation-based Feature Selection method was used to select the superior features. Three methods of linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, and ANN were used to classify the data. \u0000Main results: The statistical indices of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for N. sativa in the online phase were 90%, 98.93%, and 97.04%, respectively. The average of these measurements for the impurities class was 95.57%, 96.89%, and 96.58%, respectively. \u0000Research highlights: The results demonstrated the feasibility of suggested machine learning and image processing approaches in the real-time cleaning of N. sativa. The image acquisition and processing process, including selection of the best lighting methods to reduce the shadows, noise elimination and segmentation, provided precise results. The final results indicated the effectiveness of proposed machine learning algorithm in feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, and classification approaches. This methodology can be recommended for detection, classification and automatic cleaning of other similar seeds.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42642145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19521
T. C. Maltauro, L. P. C. Guedes, M. Uribe-Opazo, L. E. D. Canton
Aim of study: In precision agriculture, the definition of Application Zones (AZs) in agricultural areas consists in delimiting the area in subareas with similar characteristics, using soil chemical attributes. To such end, the use of clustering methods is common. Therefore, the AZs make up a database that can be used to target future soil sampling, thus seeking a possible sample reduction. The objective of this paper is to assess the acquisition of sample configurations, with reduced sample size, contained in application zones generated by spatial multivariate clustering. The sampling protocol proposed in this work evaluated five clustering methods (C-means, Fanny, K-means, Mcquitty, and Ward) for the creation of AZs, and, through these AZs, to obtain reduced sample configurations with 50% and 75% of the initial sampling points. Area of study: Commercial agricultural area, Cascavel, Brazil. Material and methods: Data of the soil chemical attributes from a commercial agricultural area were used, referring to three soybean harvest years (2013-2014; 2014-2015; and 2015-2016). The clustering methods considered a dissimilarity matrix that aggregates the information about the Euclidean distance between the sample elements and the spatial dependence structure of the attributes. Main results: The results indicated division of the agricultural area into two or three AZs for the aforementioned harvest years, considering the K-means method. Comparing all the reduced sample configurations with the initial one, it was observed that the one proportionally reduced by 25% was the most effective to obtain a reduced sample configuration. Research highlights: The sampling protocol using AZs showed that it is possible to reduce the sample size.
{"title":"Multivariate spatial sample reduction of soil chemical attributes by means of application zones","authors":"T. C. Maltauro, L. P. C. Guedes, M. Uribe-Opazo, L. E. D. Canton","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19521","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: In precision agriculture, the definition of Application Zones (AZs) in agricultural areas consists in delimiting the area in subareas with similar characteristics, using soil chemical attributes. To such end, the use of clustering methods is common. Therefore, the AZs make up a database that can be used to target future soil sampling, thus seeking a possible sample reduction. The objective of this paper is to assess the acquisition of sample configurations, with reduced sample size, contained in application zones generated by spatial multivariate clustering. The sampling protocol proposed in this work evaluated five clustering methods (C-means, Fanny, K-means, Mcquitty, and Ward) for the creation of AZs, and, through these AZs, to obtain reduced sample configurations with 50% and 75% of the initial sampling points. \u0000Area of study: Commercial agricultural area, Cascavel, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: Data of the soil chemical attributes from a commercial agricultural area were used, referring to three soybean harvest years (2013-2014; 2014-2015; and 2015-2016). The clustering methods considered a dissimilarity matrix that aggregates the information about the Euclidean distance between the sample elements and the spatial dependence structure of the attributes. \u0000Main results: The results indicated division of the agricultural area into two or three AZs for the aforementioned harvest years, considering the K-means method. Comparing all the reduced sample configurations with the initial one, it was observed that the one proportionally reduced by 25% was the most effective to obtain a reduced sample configuration. \u0000Research highlights: The sampling protocol using AZs showed that it is possible to reduce the sample size.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42172818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-20241
J. Ferrer, M. García-Cortijo, V. Pinilla, J. Castillo-Valero, Raúl Serrano
Aim of study: To analyze the compatibility of sustainability with the business growth of wineries in Spain. Area of study: The data used come from a survey conducted in the years 202 and 2021, which was addressed to the all wineries located in Spain. Material and methods: The economic growth of wineries is conditioned by different factors; in this work we have analyzed the orientation towards sustainability, business resources and capabilities (marketing, innovation, marketing, human resources, network resources, management resources and financial resources), profitability and exports. The empirical analysis was carried out by studying the responses received after a first mail sent to all independent wineries, with a subsequent telephone call. The number of responses, 411, represents 14% of the population. Using the regression model, estimated by OLS with Robust Errors proposed by Eiker-White, the factors determining the economic growth of the wineries were analyzed. The analysis done was exploratory. Main results: The results show that the factors that most favor the growth of Spanish wine companies are management capabilities, sustainability orientation and financial resources. Research highlights: Two relevant factors for growth are management capabilities and sustainability orientation. This reaffirms the compatibility of opting for sustainability and business growth in the case of Spanish wineries. And it allows to give arguments to the positive discourse between growth and sustainability of economic activities.
{"title":"Sustainability and growth: Evidence from Spanish wine industry","authors":"J. Ferrer, M. García-Cortijo, V. Pinilla, J. Castillo-Valero, Raúl Serrano","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-20241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-20241","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To analyze the compatibility of sustainability with the business growth of wineries in Spain. \u0000Area of study: The data used come from a survey conducted in the years 202 and 2021, which was addressed to the all wineries located in Spain. \u0000Material and methods: The economic growth of wineries is conditioned by different factors; in this work we have analyzed the orientation towards sustainability, business resources and capabilities (marketing, innovation, marketing, human resources, network resources, management resources and financial resources), profitability and exports. The empirical analysis was carried out by studying the responses received after a first mail sent to all independent wineries, with a subsequent telephone call. The number of responses, 411, represents 14% of the population. Using the regression model, estimated by OLS with Robust Errors proposed by Eiker-White, the factors determining the economic growth of the wineries were analyzed. The analysis done was exploratory. \u0000Main results: The results show that the factors that most favor the growth of Spanish wine companies are management capabilities, sustainability orientation and financial resources. \u0000Research highlights: Two relevant factors for growth are management capabilities and sustainability orientation. This reaffirms the compatibility of opting for sustainability and business growth in the case of Spanish wineries. And it allows to give arguments to the positive discourse between growth and sustainability of economic activities.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19600
M. Mellado, Claudia D. Herrera, Á. De Santiago, F. Véliz, J. Mellado, J. García
Aim of the study: To evaluate the association between temperature-humidity index (THI) and body condition score (BCS) at calving and retained placenta (RP), puerperal metritis, clinical ketosis, and mastitis in Holstein cows in a hot environment Area of study: Northeastern Mexico. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study (n= 12,102 lactations from January 2017 to December 2021) using univariate logistic regressions. The outcome variables were periparturient diseases, and the predictor variables were BCS and thermal stress at calving. Main results: Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 30% more likely (prevalence 16.8% vs 13.7%; p < 0.01) to have RP than cows whose parturition occurred with moderate or low thermal stress (THI < 82 units). Cows calving with THI > 82 had significantly increased chances of having metritis than cows calving with THI < 82 (prevalence 15.6 vs 13.4; p < 0.01). Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 1.8 times more likely to have clinical ketosis (7.6% vs 4.4%; p < 0.01) than cows calving with THI < 82 units. Cows with BCS at calving ≥ 3.5 had half the risk of having RP (prevalence 10.4 vs 19.1%, p < 0.01) than cows with BCS < 3.5. Likewise, the risk of metritis decreased (p < 0.01) with BCS ≥3.5 at calving (prevalence 10.9 vs 17.4%). Research highlights: Heat stress at calving was associated with an increased risk for RP, puerperal metritis, and clinical ketosis compared to cows undergoing mild or no heat stress at parturition. Also, cows with BCS ≥ 3.5 were less likely to present RP and metritis, but high body fatness was associated with an increased risk for clinical ketosis.
本研究的目的：评估热环境中荷斯坦奶牛产仔和胎盘滞留时的温湿度指数（THI）和身体状况评分（BCS）、产褥期子宫炎、临床酮症和乳腺炎之间的关系研究区域：墨西哥东北部。材料和方法：这是一项使用单变量逻辑回归的回顾性队列研究（2017年1月至2021年12月，12102名哺乳期妇女）。结果变量是围产期疾病，预测变量是BCS和产仔时的热应激。主要结果：THI>82产仔的奶牛患RP的可能性比在中度或低度热应激（THI<82单位）下分娩的奶牛高30%（患病率16.8%vs13.7%；p<0.01）。与THI<82产仔的奶牛相比，THI>82产仔奶牛患子宫炎的几率显著增加（患病率15.6 vs 13.4；p<0.01）。产仔时BCS≥3.5的奶牛患RP的风险是BCS<3.5的奶牛的一半（患病率10.4vs19.1%，p<0.01）。同样，当产仔时BCS≥3.5时，患子宫炎的风险降低（p<0.01）（患病率10.9vs 17.4%）。研究强调：与分娩时轻度或无热应激的奶牛相比，产仔时的热应激与RP、产褥期子宫炎和临床酮症的风险增加有关。此外，BCS≥3.5的奶牛不太可能出现RP和子宫炎，但高体脂与临床酮症的风险增加有关。
{"title":"Effect of heat stress and body condition score on the occurrence of puerperal disorders in Holstein cows","authors":"M. Mellado, Claudia D. Herrera, Á. De Santiago, F. Véliz, J. Mellado, J. García","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19600","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To evaluate the association between temperature-humidity index (THI) and body condition score (BCS) at calving and retained placenta (RP), puerperal metritis, clinical ketosis, and mastitis in Holstein cows in a hot environment \u0000Area of study: Northeastern Mexico. \u0000Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study (n= 12,102 lactations from January 2017 to December 2021) using univariate logistic regressions. The outcome variables were periparturient diseases, and the predictor variables were BCS and thermal stress at calving. \u0000Main results: Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 30% more likely (prevalence 16.8% vs 13.7%; p < 0.01) to have RP than cows whose parturition occurred with moderate or low thermal stress (THI < 82 units). Cows calving with THI > 82 had significantly increased chances of having metritis than cows calving with THI < 82 (prevalence 15.6 vs 13.4; p < 0.01). Cows calving with a THI > 82 were 1.8 times more likely to have clinical ketosis (7.6% vs 4.4%; p < 0.01) than cows calving with THI < 82 units. Cows with BCS at calving ≥ 3.5 had half the risk of having RP (prevalence 10.4 vs 19.1%, p < 0.01) than cows with BCS < 3.5. Likewise, the risk of metritis decreased (p < 0.01) with BCS ≥3.5 at calving (prevalence 10.9 vs 17.4%). \u0000Research highlights: Heat stress at calving was associated with an increased risk for RP, puerperal metritis, and clinical ketosis compared to cows undergoing mild or no heat stress at parturition. Also, cows with BCS ≥ 3.5 were less likely to present RP and metritis, but high body fatness was associated with an increased risk for clinical ketosis.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"183 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19967
L. Pérez-Ciria, G. Ripoll, M. A. Sanz, M. Blanco, M. A. Latorre
Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of the type of male castration (surgical vs. immunological) on the characteristics of Teruel dry-cured hams. Area of study: Teruel and Zaragoza (Spain). Material and methods: A total of 14 dry-cured hams from Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) male pigs intended for the Spanish Protected Designation of Origin ˈTeruel hamˈ were used. Half of them belonged to surgical castrated males (SCM) and the other half to immunocastrated males (IM). Ham weight losses during processing, physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed. Main results: There were no differences (p>0.05) due to the type of castration in ham weight losses throughout processing, thickness of subcutaneous fat, marbling, maximum stress and intramuscular fatty acid profile. However, hams from IM presented lower (p<0.05) chroma than those from SCM. The type of castration had limited influence on chemical composition; only potassium nitrate and retinol contents were affected (p<0.05), being lower in IM than in SCM. For volatile compounds, IM showed lower (p<0.05) percentages of total alcohols and sulfur compounds and higher (p=0.012) proportion of total acids than SCM. All the hams had negligible androstenone content but IM presented higher (p<0.05) skatole and indole concentrations than SCM, being these levels low. Research highlights: The type of castration in male pigs seems to have scarce influence on the quality of Teruel dry-cured hams, and therefore, immunocastration could be considered as a possible alternative to surgical castration.
{"title":"Effect of male pig immunocastration on physical and chemical characteristics of Teruel dry-cured hams","authors":"L. Pérez-Ciria, G. Ripoll, M. A. Sanz, M. Blanco, M. A. Latorre","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19967","url":null,"abstract":" Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of the type of male castration (surgical vs. immunological) on the characteristics of Teruel dry-cured hams. \u0000 Area of study: Teruel and Zaragoza (Spain). \u0000 Material and methods: A total of 14 dry-cured hams from Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) male pigs intended for the Spanish Protected Designation of Origin ˈTeruel hamˈ were used. Half of them belonged to surgical castrated males (SCM) and the other half to immunocastrated males (IM). Ham weight losses during processing, physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed. \u0000 Main results: There were no differences (p>0.05) due to the type of castration in ham weight losses throughout processing, thickness of subcutaneous fat, marbling, maximum stress and intramuscular fatty acid profile. However, hams from IM presented lower (p<0.05) chroma than those from SCM. The type of castration had limited influence on chemical composition; only potassium nitrate and retinol contents were affected (p<0.05), being lower in IM than in SCM. For volatile compounds, IM showed lower (p<0.05) percentages of total alcohols and sulfur compounds and higher (p=0.012) proportion of total acids than SCM. All the hams had negligible androstenone content but IM presented higher (p<0.05) skatole and indole concentrations than SCM, being these levels low. \u0000 Research highlights: The type of castration in male pigs seems to have scarce influence on the quality of Teruel dry-cured hams, and therefore, immunocastration could be considered as a possible alternative to surgical castration.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19811
G. G. Zimmermann, S. P. Jasper, D. Savi, R. S. Ferraz, Eduardo A. Gracietti
Aim of study: This experiment's objective is to develop an automatic data acquisition system for profilometry, evaluating four harrowing speeds. Area of study: Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. Material and methods: We experimented at the laboratory using a completely randomized design, comparing the data of modified roughness, raised and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness. These were acquired with traditional and electronic profilometers in seven replications. We executed the field test in lines, using a completely randomized design. The profilometers were in the plots and the targeted speeds in the subplots. We submitted the data for analysis of variance and when significant, to Tukey's test and regression analysis. Main results: Laboratory testing showed no significant difference in the parameters of modified roughness, elevated and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness, denoting the phase validation that indicates applicability in the field. The field testing presented superior results for the electronic profilometer in elevated and mobilized areas and soil layer thickness. That is due to the absence of interference in the measurements that occur in the conventional profilometer caused by the insertion of the rods in the soil. Research highlights: The increase in the mechanized set speed provided the reduction of the elevated area and soil blistering caused by the rise in disc rotation and consequent deviation of the soil particles.
{"title":"Development of an electronic profilometer to measure mobilization variables in soil harrowing","authors":"G. G. Zimmermann, S. P. Jasper, D. Savi, R. S. Ferraz, Eduardo A. Gracietti","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19811","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This experiment's objective is to develop an automatic data acquisition system for profilometry, evaluating four harrowing speeds. \u0000Area of study: Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: We experimented at the laboratory using a completely randomized design, comparing the data of modified roughness, raised and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness. These were acquired with traditional and electronic profilometers in seven replications. We executed the field test in lines, using a completely randomized design. The profilometers were in the plots and the targeted speeds in the subplots. We submitted the data for analysis of variance and when significant, to Tukey's test and regression analysis. \u0000Main results: Laboratory testing showed no significant difference in the parameters of modified roughness, elevated and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness, denoting the phase validation that indicates applicability in the field. The field testing presented superior results for the electronic profilometer in elevated and mobilized areas and soil layer thickness. That is due to the absence of interference in the measurements that occur in the conventional profilometer caused by the insertion of the rods in the soil. \u0000Research highlights: The increase in the mechanized set speed provided the reduction of the elevated area and soil blistering caused by the rise in disc rotation and consequent deviation of the soil particles.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49568726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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