Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-20244
A. B. Souza, J. Motta, M. Polese, H. Lavander, L. Glória, L. S. Silveira, M. V. Vidal Junior
Aim of study: A 45-day trial was conducted to evaluate fasting as a possible way of food strategy during production of juvenile cobias (Rachycentron canadum). Area of study: The study was conducted in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Material and methods: The following different protocols were used to organize their feeding: C, fish fed to satiety twice a day for 45 days; U1, fish fed to satiety twice a day on alternate days; U2, fish fed to satiety twice daily for five consecutive days, followed by two days of food deprivation, cyclically; U5, fish subjected to food deprivation for five days and then fed to satiety twice a day for 40 days; U10, fish subjected to food deprivation for ten days and then fed to satiety twice a day for 35 days; and U15, fish subjected to food deprivation for fifteen days and then fed to satiety twice a day for 30 days. Main results: No mortality was observed during the trial period. The different feeding protocols significantly affected juvenile cobias development and wellbeing. The final weight (g) of cobia juveniles was C – 91.9 ± 9.1; U1 – 75.0 ± 11.2; U2 – 72.2 ± 6.0; U5 – 70.3 ± 6.1; U10 – 63.4 ± 4.6; U15 – 54.4 ± 4.7. No compensatory growth was observed during the entire experimental period. Research highlights: Continuous fasting had a more severe effect than intermittent fasting. Significantly greater hepatocyte counts were correlated with longer fasting periods. Fasting protocols should not be recommended for juvenile cobias.
{"title":"Effect of feeding restrictions on development of juvenile cobias, Rachycentron canadum","authors":"A. B. Souza, J. Motta, M. Polese, H. Lavander, L. Glória, L. S. Silveira, M. V. Vidal Junior","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-20244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-20244","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: A 45-day trial was conducted to evaluate fasting as a possible way of food strategy during production of juvenile cobias (Rachycentron canadum). \u0000Area of study: The study was conducted in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: The following different protocols were used to organize their feeding: C, fish fed to satiety twice a day for 45 days; U1, fish fed to satiety twice a day on alternate days; U2, fish fed to satiety twice daily for five consecutive days, followed by two days of food deprivation, cyclically; U5, fish subjected to food deprivation for five days and then fed to satiety twice a day for 40 days; U10, fish subjected to food deprivation for ten days and then fed to satiety twice a day for 35 days; and U15, fish subjected to food deprivation for fifteen days and then fed to satiety twice a day for 30 days. \u0000Main results: No mortality was observed during the trial period. The different feeding protocols significantly affected juvenile cobias development and wellbeing. The final weight (g) of cobia juveniles was C – 91.9 ± 9.1; U1 – 75.0 ± 11.2; U2 – 72.2 ± 6.0; U5 – 70.3 ± 6.1; U10 – 63.4 ± 4.6; U15 – 54.4 ± 4.7. No compensatory growth was observed during the entire experimental period. \u0000Research highlights: Continuous fasting had a more severe effect than intermittent fasting. Significantly greater hepatocyte counts were correlated with longer fasting periods. Fasting protocols should not be recommended for juvenile cobias.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42122987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-19901
Jessie VARGAS-CÁRDENAS, L. O. Brito, S. M. B. C. Silva, Ivan SOTO-RODRÍGUEZ, A. Gálvez
Aim of study: To evaluate a green seaweed meal in the diets of Penaeus vannamei juveniles, comprising Ulva spp., Caulerpa spp. and Enteromorpha spp. as a feed blend at inclusion levels at 4% and 8%. Area of study: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú. Material and methods: Analyses were conducted to determine the pellet quality through percentages of dry matter retention (DMR), protein loss and water absorption capacity; and to evaluate the effect of this seaweed meal in the digestibility and zootechnical shrimp performance. Three treatments (diets) were formulated to contain 0% (control diet), 4% (M4) and 8% (M8 of green seaweed meals (blend)), in isonitrogenous (crude protein; 300 g kg-1) and isocaloric (3.3 Mcal kg-1) diets. The shrimps were reared at a density of 286 juveniles m-3 for 29 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Main results: Among the diets, M4 had the highest DMR value (97.06%), whereas M8 had highest water absorption capacity (185.48%) with lower % of protein loss between the treatments diets. No differences were observed in the zootechnical performance, except for survival (p<0.05), with the M8 diet having highest mortality rate (44.4%) between the treatments diets. Research highlights: Incorporating 4% green seaweed meal in shrimp feed supported adequate growth and survival of juvenile P. vannamei with adequate DMR values, water absorption capacity, protein loss and high apparent dry matter digestibility and apparent digestibility of the reference diet.
{"title":"Effect of green seaweed meal blend on feed quality and zootechnical performance in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) juveniles","authors":"Jessie VARGAS-CÁRDENAS, L. O. Brito, S. M. B. C. Silva, Ivan SOTO-RODRÍGUEZ, A. Gálvez","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-19901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-19901","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate a green seaweed meal in the diets of Penaeus vannamei juveniles, comprising Ulva spp., Caulerpa spp. and Enteromorpha spp. as a feed blend at inclusion levels at 4% and 8%. \u0000Area of study: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú. \u0000Material and methods: Analyses were conducted to determine the pellet quality through percentages of dry matter retention (DMR), protein loss and water absorption capacity; and to evaluate the effect of this seaweed meal in the digestibility and zootechnical shrimp performance. Three treatments (diets) were formulated to contain 0% (control diet), 4% (M4) and 8% (M8 of green seaweed meals (blend)), in isonitrogenous (crude protein; 300 g kg-1) and isocaloric (3.3 Mcal kg-1) diets. The shrimps were reared at a density of 286 juveniles m-3 for 29 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). \u0000Main results: Among the diets, M4 had the highest DMR value (97.06%), whereas M8 had highest water absorption capacity (185.48%) with lower % of protein loss between the treatments diets. No differences were observed in the zootechnical performance, except for survival (p<0.05), with the M8 diet having highest mortality rate (44.4%) between the treatments diets. \u0000Research highlights: Incorporating 4% green seaweed meal in shrimp feed supported adequate growth and survival of juvenile P. vannamei with adequate DMR values, water absorption capacity, protein loss and high apparent dry matter digestibility and apparent digestibility of the reference diet.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-20255
Z. Faizi, A. Ozturk, Izhar Ullah
Aim of study: To investigate the effect of different combinations of pear rootstocks and cultivars on the contents of leaf photosynthetic pigments and their relation with some growth and yield characteristics. Area of study: Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye, in two years, 2021 and 2022. Material and methods: The pear cultivars ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Williams’, and ‘Deveci’ were grafted on eight rootstocks: two quince clonal rootstocks (BA29 and QA), five pear clonal rootstocks (FOX9, FOX11, OH×F333, OH×F87, FAROLD40) and Pyrus communis L. seedlings. Growth and yield attributes were calculated and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were determined by the spectrophotometric method, using 99.8% methanol solvent for chlorophyll (chl) extraction. Main results: Chl a/b in the case of rootstocks, chl a and total carotenoids in the cultivars were found statistically significant; the ratio chl a/b ranged 1.71-2.30 in the case of rootstocks; in the case of cultivars chl a ranged from 17.77 (cv. ‘Santa Maria’) to 19.88 (cv. ‘Deveci’) μg mL-1, and carotenoids ranged 0.21-0.95 μg mL-1. Under the main impact of cultivars, rootstocks and their combinations, a significant difference was seen in the growth and yield attributes. Research highlights: A negative correlation coefficient was observed between photosynthetic pigments and morphological characteristics; however, the correlation coefficient was positive for canopy volume and annual shoot growth. Canopy management, especially with the use of rootstocks and cultivars that result in weaker growth, is helpful for improving chlorophyll content and yield performances.
{"title":"Leaf chlorophyll contents in some European pear cultivars grafted on different rootstocks and its relation with growth and yield","authors":"Z. Faizi, A. Ozturk, Izhar Ullah","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-20255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-20255","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the effect of different combinations of pear rootstocks and cultivars on the contents of leaf photosynthetic pigments and their relation with some growth and yield characteristics. \u0000Area of study: Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye, in two years, 2021 and 2022. \u0000Material and methods: The pear cultivars ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Williams’, and ‘Deveci’ were grafted on eight rootstocks: two quince clonal rootstocks (BA29 and QA), five pear clonal rootstocks (FOX9, FOX11, OH×F333, OH×F87, FAROLD40) and Pyrus communis L. seedlings. Growth and yield attributes were calculated and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were determined by the spectrophotometric method, using 99.8% methanol solvent for chlorophyll (chl) extraction. \u0000Main results: Chl a/b in the case of rootstocks, chl a and total carotenoids in the cultivars were found statistically significant; the ratio chl a/b ranged 1.71-2.30 in the case of rootstocks; in the case of cultivars chl a ranged from 17.77 (cv. ‘Santa Maria’) to 19.88 (cv. ‘Deveci’) μg mL-1, and carotenoids ranged 0.21-0.95 μg mL-1. Under the main impact of cultivars, rootstocks and their combinations, a significant difference was seen in the growth and yield attributes. \u0000Research highlights: A negative correlation coefficient was observed between photosynthetic pigments and morphological characteristics; however, the correlation coefficient was positive for canopy volume and annual shoot growth. Canopy management, especially with the use of rootstocks and cultivars that result in weaker growth, is helpful for improving chlorophyll content and yield performances.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-19793
Elen P. P. BENTO-DA-SILVA, Sara R. Mendonça, M. G. de Moraes
Aim of study: To investigate the trends and existing research gaps in tomato grafting by employing scientometric methods. Area of study: In silico at SCOPUS database. Material and methods: Research articles were retrieved by combining the search terms related to tomato and grafting. The articles were selected according to pre-established criteria. Temporal trends and scientometric indexes were determined. Bibliometric mappings were conducted to determine the main countries, authors, and journals that published articles on tomato grafting; and to acquire collaboration and keywords co-occurrence networks. Technical aspects of tomato grafting were analyzed. Main results: A total of 397 research articles published from 1944 to 2020 were analyzed. The number of publications on tomato grafting increased at an annual rate of 8.8%. The USA and Spain are notable in terms of the number of published and cited articles. The USA and European countries had the highest number of collaborations. European authors had the strongest research connections. Interspecific grafts (61.83%) and experiments in controlled conditions (82.87%) predominated. The growing interest in tomato grafting has been observed as a means of overcoming environmental issues as well as yield and quality improvement. Research highlights: Collaboration among research groups contributed to a higher research impact on the theme. The mitigation of abiotic stresses and fruit quality has risen as significant concerns for tomato crops.
{"title":"Trends and gaps in tomato grafting literature: a systematic approach","authors":"Elen P. P. BENTO-DA-SILVA, Sara R. Mendonça, M. G. de Moraes","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-19793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-19793","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the trends and existing research gaps in tomato grafting by employing scientometric methods. \u0000Area of study: In silico at SCOPUS database. \u0000Material and methods: Research articles were retrieved by combining the search terms related to tomato and grafting. The articles were selected according to pre-established criteria. Temporal trends and scientometric indexes were determined. Bibliometric mappings were conducted to determine the main countries, authors, and journals that published articles on tomato grafting; and to acquire collaboration and keywords co-occurrence networks. Technical aspects of tomato grafting were analyzed. \u0000Main results: A total of 397 research articles published from 1944 to 2020 were analyzed. The number of publications on tomato grafting increased at an annual rate of 8.8%. The USA and Spain are notable in terms of the number of published and cited articles. The USA and European countries had the highest number of collaborations. European authors had the strongest research connections. Interspecific grafts (61.83%) and experiments in controlled conditions (82.87%) predominated. The growing interest in tomato grafting has been observed as a means of overcoming environmental issues as well as yield and quality improvement. \u0000Research highlights: Collaboration among research groups contributed to a higher research impact on the theme. The mitigation of abiotic stresses and fruit quality has risen as significant concerns for tomato crops.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45706243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-19828
Alba Cardil, J. L. Gallizo, M. Salvador
Aim of study: To identify factors that boost the financial profits of pig producers. These factors refer to the company, the industry and the territory where they are located. We also incorporated an environmental factor according to greenhouse gas emissions. Area of study: Spain. Material and methods: The data used came from a sample of 1,810 Spanish entities that provided unbalanced panel data for the 2003-2018 period. Main results: In recent decades, the pig farming industry has undergone considerable development characterised by an increase in production, exports and in the productivity of pig farms. The study enabled us to detect the factors that most influence the profitability of pig producers, bearing in mind the possible existence of endogeneity problems between some of the variables analysed. Research highlights: The results obtained have practical implications, insofar as they facilitate decision-making as regards the location and characteristics that farms must possess in order to obtain competitive profitability.
{"title":"Factors that affect profitability in the Spanish pig farming industry","authors":"Alba Cardil, J. L. Gallizo, M. Salvador","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-19828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-19828","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To identify factors that boost the financial profits of pig producers. These factors refer to the company, the industry and the territory where they are located. We also incorporated an environmental factor according to greenhouse gas emissions. \u0000Area of study: Spain. \u0000Material and methods: The data used came from a sample of 1,810 Spanish entities that provided unbalanced panel data for the 2003-2018 period. \u0000Main results: In recent decades, the pig farming industry has undergone considerable development characterised by an increase in production, exports and in the productivity of pig farms. The study enabled us to detect the factors that most influence the profitability of pig producers, bearing in mind the possible existence of endogeneity problems between some of the variables analysed. \u0000Research highlights: The results obtained have practical implications, insofar as they facilitate decision-making as regards the location and characteristics that farms must possess in order to obtain competitive profitability.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42970658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-20245
Md Nasim Reza, Mohammod Ali, Eliezel Habineza, Md Sazzadul Kabir, Md Shaha Nur Kabir, Seung-Jin Lim, I. Choi, S. Chung
Aim of study: To determine the optimal working speed of a gear-driven rotary planting mechanism for a self-propelled riding-type onion transplanter in order to choose an adequate forward speed for effective onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling planting. Area of study: Daejeon, Korea. Material and methods: The gear-driven rotary planting mechanism was composed of six planting hoppers that received free-falling onion seedlings through the supply mechanism and deposited them into the soil. To determine the optimal working speed for accurate transplantation of the seedlings, mathematical working trajectory modelling of the planting mechanism, virtual simulations, and validation field experiments were carried out. Main results: According to the model simulation, a forward speed of 0.15 m s-1 of the transplanter and a rotating speed of 60 rpm of the planting mechanism were favourable for seedling uprightness and minimum mulch film damage. For the proposed transplanting mechanism, the free-falling distance was calculated as 0.08 m, and the accuracy for the seedling deposition into the hopper was demonstrated as 97.16% through the validation test. From the field tests, a forward speed of 0.15 m s-1 combined with a transplanting frequency of 60 seedlings min-1 was found to be optimum for obtaining a high seedling uprightness (90o), a low misplant rate (7.66%), a low damage area on mulch film, and low power consumption (36.53 W). Research highlights: The findings of this research might be helpful in improving the design of the onion transplanting mechanism and accelerating the automation process for seedling transplantation.
研究目的:确定自行式坐式洋葱移栽机齿轮驱动旋转栽植机构的最佳工作速度，以选择合适的前进速度进行洋葱(Allium cepa L.)的有效育苗。研究地区:韩国大田。材料与方法:齿轮驱动旋转种植机构由6个种植漏斗组成，通过供给机构接收自由落体洋葱苗，并将其放入土壤中。为了确定秧苗准确移栽的最佳工作速度，进行了栽植机构工作轨迹数学建模、虚拟仿真和田间试验验证。主要结果:根据模型模拟，移栽机的前进速度为0.15 m s-1，栽植机构的转速为60 rpm，有利于秧苗的直立和对地膜的损害最小。对于所提出的移栽机构，计算自由落体距离为0.08 m，通过验证试验，秧苗沉降到料斗中的准确率为97.16%。田间试验结果表明，在前进速度为0.15 m s-1、移栽频率为60苗/ min-1的条件下，可获得较高的苗直度(90°)、较低的错植率(7.66%)、较低的覆膜损伤面积和较低的功耗(36.53 W)。研究重点:本研究结果可为改进洋葱移栽机构设计和加快移栽自动化进程提供参考。
{"title":"Analysis of operating speed and power consumption of a gear-driven rotary planting mechanism for a 12-kw six-row self-propelled onion transplanter","authors":"Md Nasim Reza, Mohammod Ali, Eliezel Habineza, Md Sazzadul Kabir, Md Shaha Nur Kabir, Seung-Jin Lim, I. Choi, S. Chung","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-20245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-20245","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To determine the optimal working speed of a gear-driven rotary planting mechanism for a self-propelled riding-type onion transplanter in order to choose an adequate forward speed for effective onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling planting. \u0000Area of study: Daejeon, Korea. \u0000Material and methods: The gear-driven rotary planting mechanism was composed of six planting hoppers that received free-falling onion seedlings through the supply mechanism and deposited them into the soil. To determine the optimal working speed for accurate transplantation of the seedlings, mathematical working trajectory modelling of the planting mechanism, virtual simulations, and validation field experiments were carried out. \u0000Main results: According to the model simulation, a forward speed of 0.15 m s-1 of the transplanter and a rotating speed of 60 rpm of the planting mechanism were favourable for seedling uprightness and minimum mulch film damage. For the proposed transplanting mechanism, the free-falling distance was calculated as 0.08 m, and the accuracy for the seedling deposition into the hopper was demonstrated as 97.16% through the validation test. From the field tests, a forward speed of 0.15 m s-1 combined with a transplanting frequency of 60 seedlings min-1 was found to be optimum for obtaining a high seedling uprightness (90o), a low misplant rate (7.66%), a low damage area on mulch film, and low power consumption (36.53 W). \u0000Research highlights: The findings of this research might be helpful in improving the design of the onion transplanting mechanism and accelerating the automation process for seedling transplantation.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71143533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-19918
Ali DEHGHAN MOROOZEH, Bahman Farhadi Bansouleh, M. Ghobadi, Abdoreza Ahmadpour
Aim of study: To evaluate the performance of DSSAT and AquaCrop models in the estimation of soybean and grain maize yield under water stress conditions in a semi-arid region. Area of study: Kermanshah, Iran. Material and methods: AquaCrop and DSSAT were assessed to simulate soybean and maize. Both models were calibrated using field data. Field experiments were performed in a randomized complete block design with eight and four irrigation treatments for soybeans and maize, respectively with three replications. Measures of Normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. For this purpose, simulated values of leaf area index / green crop canopy, grain yield, biomass, and soil moisture were compared with measured data. Main results: Results indicated that the CROPGRO-Soybean in DSSAT software simulated more accurate crop growth of soybean than AquaCrop. The average nRMSE of the DSSAT model for estimating soil moisture, leaf area index, grain yield, and biomass were 6%, 14%, 16% and 20%, respectively. For maize, AquaCrop simulated crop growth more reliably than CERES-maize. The average nRMSE of 3%, 10%, 13% and 27% of the Aquacrop model in simulating the parameters of soil moisture, green crop canopy, biomass, and grain yield. Research highlights: Considering the better performance of AquaCrop for maize and DSSAT for soybean in the study area, it is not possible to propose a specific model to simulate the growth of all crops in a region.
{"title":"Assessment of DSSAT and AquaCrop models to simulate soybean and maize yield under water stress conditions","authors":"Ali DEHGHAN MOROOZEH, Bahman Farhadi Bansouleh, M. Ghobadi, Abdoreza Ahmadpour","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-19918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-19918","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the performance of DSSAT and AquaCrop models in the estimation of soybean and grain maize yield under water stress conditions in a semi-arid region. \u0000Area of study: Kermanshah, Iran. \u0000Material and methods: AquaCrop and DSSAT were assessed to simulate soybean and maize. Both models were calibrated using field data. Field experiments were performed in a randomized complete block design with eight and four irrigation treatments for soybeans and maize, respectively with three replications. Measures of Normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. For this purpose, simulated values of leaf area index / green crop canopy, grain yield, biomass, and soil moisture were compared with measured data. \u0000Main results: Results indicated that the CROPGRO-Soybean in DSSAT software simulated more accurate crop growth of soybean than AquaCrop. The average nRMSE of the DSSAT model for estimating soil moisture, leaf area index, grain yield, and biomass were 6%, 14%, 16% and 20%, respectively. For maize, AquaCrop simulated crop growth more reliably than CERES-maize. The average nRMSE of 3%, 10%, 13% and 27% of the Aquacrop model in simulating the parameters of soil moisture, green crop canopy, biomass, and grain yield. \u0000Research highlights: Considering the better performance of AquaCrop for maize and DSSAT for soybean in the study area, it is not possible to propose a specific model to simulate the growth of all crops in a region.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023213-20048
Aurora Moreno-Lora, Antonio Delgado
Aim of study: Humic substances (HS) have an impact on the dynamics of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in soil and consequently can affect the availability of both nutrients to plants. This work aimed to study the effect of humic substances on the availability of P and Zn to wheat depending on the main sorbent surfaces in growth media. Area of study: Growth chambers of the Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Seville, Spain Material and methods: To this end, a pot experiment was performed involving three factors: i) HS rates, ii) Zn fertilization, and iii) type of growth medium, calcareous and noncalcareous (siliceous). Main results: Biomass production and Zn uptake by plants decreased with increasing HS rates. Humic substances decreased zinc uptake more markedly in the siliceous medium. Negative effects of HS can be ascribed to altered crop nutrition and the high aromaticity of HS that can promote phytotoxic effects. The antagonistic effect between P and Zn was less evident in the calcareous medium than in the siliceous medium. This is probably explained by the reduced availability of Zn and the consequent decrease in uptake by plants in the calcareous medium compared to the siliceous medium. These differences observed between both media can be ascribed to different adsorption dynamics depending on the main sorbent surfaces. Research highlights: The addition of HS, at the intermediate rates studied, had a positive effect on the microbial activity of the rhizosphere in the calcareous medium. Thus, not only crop functioning, but also soil biology, can be affected by the application of HS. This effect can be different depending on the HS rates applied and the type of growth medium.
{"title":"Zinc and phosphorus availability to wheat as affected by humic substances in calcareous and siliceous growth media","authors":"Aurora Moreno-Lora, Antonio Delgado","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023213-20048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023213-20048","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Humic substances (HS) have an impact on the dynamics of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in soil and consequently can affect the availability of both nutrients to plants. This work aimed to study the effect of humic substances on the availability of P and Zn to wheat depending on the main sorbent surfaces in growth media. \u0000Area of study: Growth chambers of the Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Seville, Spain \u0000Material and methods: To this end, a pot experiment was performed involving three factors: i) HS rates, ii) Zn fertilization, and iii) type of growth medium, calcareous and noncalcareous (siliceous). \u0000Main results: Biomass production and Zn uptake by plants decreased with increasing HS rates. Humic substances decreased zinc uptake more markedly in the siliceous medium. Negative effects of HS can be ascribed to altered crop nutrition and the high aromaticity of HS that can promote phytotoxic effects. The antagonistic effect between P and Zn was less evident in the calcareous medium than in the siliceous medium. This is probably explained by the reduced availability of Zn and the consequent decrease in uptake by plants in the calcareous medium compared to the siliceous medium. These differences observed between both media can be ascribed to different adsorption dynamics depending on the main sorbent surfaces. \u0000Research highlights: The addition of HS, at the intermediate rates studied, had a positive effect on the microbial activity of the rhizosphere in the calcareous medium. Thus, not only crop functioning, but also soil biology, can be affected by the application of HS. This effect can be different depending on the HS rates applied and the type of growth medium.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19814
A. Taab, A. Royo‐Esnal
Aim of study: To determine and quantify the effect of seed burial depths on the seedling emergence pattern of Amaranthus retroflexus in field conditions. Area of study: West of Iran (Ilam). Material and methods: The seedling emergence of an A. retroflexus was studied in an outdoor pot experiment, burying the seeds at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm in the soil in Ilam (Iran) in two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011. Different models were tested to predict the cumulative seedling emergence, and the log logistic model was found to be the best for this A. retroflexus population. Newly estimated Tb values, slightly different each year, but lower than those of the references, were estimated and set at 2.6 ºC and 0 ºC in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Main results: The seedling emergence in the west of Iran take place over a period from early February to late May. The level of seed dormancy can be reduced during autumn and winter burial in the soil or after a dry storage. Seed dormancy reduction resulted in a lower base temperature for germination/emergence followed by increase of the seedling emergences. Moreover, light in the soil surface and higher fluctuation in temperature at shallower soil depths may stimulate the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. retroflexus. Research highlights: Total emerged seedlings and emergence pattern are affected by soil depth and the level of dormancy. The results obtained in this study can be used to optimize the timings of the weed management activities.
{"title":"Modelling seedling emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus affected by soil depth","authors":"A. Taab, A. Royo‐Esnal","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19814","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To determine and quantify the effect of seed burial depths on the seedling emergence pattern of Amaranthus retroflexus in field conditions. \u0000Area of study: West of Iran (Ilam). \u0000Material and methods: The seedling emergence of an A. retroflexus was studied in an outdoor pot experiment, burying the seeds at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm in the soil in Ilam (Iran) in two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011. Different models were tested to predict the cumulative seedling emergence, and the log logistic model was found to be the best for this A. retroflexus population. Newly estimated Tb values, slightly different each year, but lower than those of the references, were estimated and set at 2.6 ºC and 0 ºC in 2010 and 2011, respectively. \u0000Main results: The seedling emergence in the west of Iran take place over a period from early February to late May. The level of seed dormancy can be reduced during autumn and winter burial in the soil or after a dry storage. Seed dormancy reduction resulted in a lower base temperature for germination/emergence followed by increase of the seedling emergences. Moreover, light in the soil surface and higher fluctuation in temperature at shallower soil depths may stimulate the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. retroflexus. \u0000Research highlights: Total emerged seedlings and emergence pattern are affected by soil depth and the level of dormancy. The results obtained in this study can be used to optimize the timings of the weed management activities.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44509069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023212-19857
Francisco M. Usero, J. A. Morillo, C. Armas, M. Gallardo, R. Thompson, F. Pugnaire
Aim of study: Intensive agriculture impacts physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil; therefore, the addition of organic matter (OM) to soil can have significant implications for crop production. This study investigated the impact of three crop management systems on tomato production and soil microbial communities in intensive greenhouse farming. Area of study: Province of Almería (Spain). Material and methods: The three crop management systems included: (1) conventional management, using synthetic chemical fertilizers without OM application (CM); (2) conventional management, using synthetic chemical fertilizers with at least one OM application in the last three years (CMOM); and (3) fully organic management, featuring yearly OM applications and no use of synthetic chemical fertilizers (ORG). Main results: Compared to CM soils, OM addition in CMOM and ORG led to higher soil NO3- and NH4+ content, which in turn increased nitrogen (N) availability, leading to an increase in soil respiration. The addition of OM also altered the composition of prokaryotic and fungal soil communities. Besides, the addition of OM reduced the presence and abundance of potential fungal pathogenic organisms, like Sclerotinia sp. and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. OM addition to conventionally managed greenhouses (CMOM) led to higher crop yields compared to CM greenhouses, resulting in an overall increase of 880 g m-2. Production under fully organic management (ORG) was lowest, possibly due to the nutrient and pest management practices used. Research highlights: Our data show the importance of organic matter management in shaping microbial communities in intensive greenhouse systems, which can be a key factor in developing a more sustainable agriculture to feed a growing human population.
{"title":"Influence of organic matter management on the activity and structure of soil microbial community in intensive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) greenhouse farming","authors":"Francisco M. Usero, J. A. Morillo, C. Armas, M. Gallardo, R. Thompson, F. Pugnaire","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023212-19857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023212-19857","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Intensive agriculture impacts physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil; therefore, the addition of organic matter (OM) to soil can have significant implications for crop production. This study investigated the impact of three crop management systems on tomato production and soil microbial communities in intensive greenhouse farming. \u0000Area of study: Province of Almería (Spain). \u0000Material and methods: The three crop management systems included: (1) conventional management, using synthetic chemical fertilizers without OM application (CM); (2) conventional management, using synthetic chemical fertilizers with at least one OM application in the last three years (CMOM); and (3) fully organic management, featuring yearly OM applications and no use of synthetic chemical fertilizers (ORG). \u0000Main results: Compared to CM soils, OM addition in CMOM and ORG led to higher soil NO3- and NH4+ content, which in turn increased nitrogen (N) availability, leading to an increase in soil respiration. The addition of OM also altered the composition of prokaryotic and fungal soil communities. Besides, the addition of OM reduced the presence and abundance of potential fungal pathogenic organisms, like Sclerotinia sp. and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. OM addition to conventionally managed greenhouses (CMOM) led to higher crop yields compared to CM greenhouses, resulting in an overall increase of 880 g m-2. Production under fully organic management (ORG) was lowest, possibly due to the nutrient and pest management practices used. \u0000Research highlights: Our data show the importance of organic matter management in shaping microbial communities in intensive greenhouse systems, which can be a key factor in developing a more sustainable agriculture to feed a growing human population.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49193148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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