Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-19941
A. Limon-Ortega, A. Baez-Perez
Aim of study: To test the effect of foliar and granular P fertilizer application on maize performance planted under permanent beds from 2012 to 2019 in a soil testing high in P. Area of study: This field experiment was located in the eastern region of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Material and methods: Three P treatments, foliar and granular (band and broadcast), and a control (0P) plot were allocated in an randomized complete block design in six replications. Main results: Year-P treatment interaction was significant for yield, agronomic efficiency (AE), and recovery efficiency (RE). Contrastingly, grain quality parameters measured as bulk density and thousand grain weight were only affected by year’s main effect. Yield, AE, and RE were generally more responsive to the foliar than the granular P application. These parameters varied in each treatment according to precipitation accumulated in 40 days during the bracketing-silking period (40d PP) and heat units during the grain filling stage [GDD(t-m)]. As 40d PP increased, yield and AE improved, while RE decreased; as GDD(t-m) increased, yield and grain quality improved. Initial soil available P (46 mg/kg) decreased 26% due to foliar P application. Research highlights: Results suggest that replacing the granular P with foliar P fertilization is an option to mine soil to an acceptable P level without adverse effects on maize performance.
{"title":"Maize yield and grain quality response to foliar-applied phosphorus in a soil testing high in P","authors":"A. Limon-Ortega, A. Baez-Perez","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-19941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-19941","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To test the effect of foliar and granular P fertilizer application on maize performance planted under permanent beds from 2012 to 2019 in a soil testing high in P. \u0000Area of study: This field experiment was located in the eastern region of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt. \u0000Material and methods: Three P treatments, foliar and granular (band and broadcast), and a control (0P) plot were allocated in an randomized complete block design in six replications. \u0000Main results: Year-P treatment interaction was significant for yield, agronomic efficiency (AE), and recovery efficiency (RE). Contrastingly, grain quality parameters measured as bulk density and thousand grain weight were only affected by year’s main effect. Yield, AE, and RE were generally more responsive to the foliar than the granular P application. These parameters varied in each treatment according to precipitation accumulated in 40 days during the bracketing-silking period (40d PP) and heat units during the grain filling stage [GDD(t-m)]. As 40d PP increased, yield and AE improved, while RE decreased; as GDD(t-m) increased, yield and grain quality improved. Initial soil available P (46 mg/kg) decreased 26% due to foliar P application. \u0000Research highlights: Results suggest that replacing the granular P with foliar P fertilization is an option to mine soil to an acceptable P level without adverse effects on maize performance.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20185
Arjun Chouriya, Edathiparambil V. Thomas, Peeyush Soni, Vijay K. Patidar, Laxmikant Dhruw
Aim of study: To develop and assess a cotton fertilizer applicator integrated with a Machine Vision Based Embedded System (MVES) to achieve precise and site-specific fertilization. Area of study: The investigation was performed in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Material and methods: The MVES included a cotton detection system with a web camera, processor (computer), and python-based algorithm, and a fertilizer metering control unit with a stepper motor, motor driver, power supply, and microcontroller. The python-based algorithm in the computer predicts the presence (or absence) of cotton plants, whenever an input image is received from the camera. Upon cotton detection, it transforms into a Boolean signal sent to the microcontroller via PySerial communication, which instructs the motor to rotate the metering unit. Motor adjusts the speed of metering unit based on machine speed measured through a hall sensor, ensuring site-specific delivery of metered fertilizer A developed lab setup tested the MVES, experimentally examining performance indicators. Main results: The MVES obtained a MAPE of 5.71% & 8.5%, MAD 0.74 g/plant & 1.12 g/plant for urea and DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), respectively. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant effect of forward speed on the discharge fertilizer amount (p>0.05). For urea, discharge rates ranged from 1.03 g/s (at 10 rpm, 25% exposure length of metering unit) to 40.65 g/s (at 100 rpm, 100% exposure). DAP ranged from 1.43 to 47.66 g/s under similar conditions. Research highlights: The delivered application dosage conformed the recommended dosage. The developed MVES was reliable, had a quick response, and worked properly.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a machine vision-based cotton fertilizer applicator","authors":"Arjun Chouriya, Edathiparambil V. Thomas, Peeyush Soni, Vijay K. Patidar, Laxmikant Dhruw","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20185","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To develop and assess a cotton fertilizer applicator integrated with a Machine Vision Based Embedded System (MVES) to achieve precise and site-specific fertilization. \u0000Area of study: The investigation was performed in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. \u0000Material and methods: The MVES included a cotton detection system with a web camera, processor (computer), and python-based algorithm, and a fertilizer metering control unit with a stepper motor, motor driver, power supply, and microcontroller. The python-based algorithm in the computer predicts the presence (or absence) of cotton plants, whenever an input image is received from the camera. Upon cotton detection, it transforms into a Boolean signal sent to the microcontroller via PySerial communication, which instructs the motor to rotate the metering unit. Motor adjusts the speed of metering unit based on machine speed measured through a hall sensor, ensuring site-specific delivery of metered fertilizer A developed lab setup tested the MVES, experimentally examining performance indicators. \u0000Main results: The MVES obtained a MAPE of 5.71% & 8.5%, MAD 0.74 g/plant & 1.12 g/plant for urea and DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), respectively. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant effect of forward speed on the discharge fertilizer amount (p>0.05). For urea, discharge rates ranged from 1.03 g/s (at 10 rpm, 25% exposure length of metering unit) to 40.65 g/s (at 100 rpm, 100% exposure). DAP ranged from 1.43 to 47.66 g/s under similar conditions. \u0000Research highlights: The delivered application dosage conformed the recommended dosage. The developed MVES was reliable, had a quick response, and worked properly.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20282
Ronald W. Ward, Teresa Briz, Leonardo Ortega
Aim of study: Individual purchasing behaviour depends on economics, psychology, marketing and sensory science. Given that the list of reasons-for-buying is almost unlimited, we have defined 14 pre-set descriptors thought to entail the more important attributes when make buying decisions within a food group of selected fruits and vegetables. Area of study: We have used a United States buyer data base of over 175,000 observations. Material and methods: Each household was asked to rank their first, second, and third most important reasons for buying, within the set of descriptors. The overriding goal was to gain insight into the attributes and change over time. Using empirical models, the relative importance of the attributes is shown and forecasted for a decade beyond 2021. Main results: Price and quality were expected to be the main drivers; however, the organic attribute is one requiring significant changes in the production, inspection, distribution and marketing policies, hence considering future expectations for organics is particularly important. Research highlights: Preferences for organics have grown, but what are the expectations a decade from now? Will that interest remain so for many years to come?
{"title":"Ranking and measuring the dynamics in the reasons-for-buying selected produce","authors":"Ronald W. Ward, Teresa Briz, Leonardo Ortega","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20282","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Individual purchasing behaviour depends on economics, psychology, marketing and sensory science. Given that the list of reasons-for-buying is almost unlimited, we have defined 14 pre-set descriptors thought to entail the more important attributes when make buying decisions within a food group of selected fruits and vegetables. \u0000Area of study: We have used a United States buyer data base of over 175,000 observations. \u0000Material and methods: Each household was asked to rank their first, second, and third most important reasons for buying, within the set of descriptors. The overriding goal was to gain insight into the attributes and change over time. Using empirical models, the relative importance of the attributes is shown and forecasted for a decade beyond 2021. \u0000Main results: Price and quality were expected to be the main drivers; however, the organic attribute is one requiring significant changes in the production, inspection, distribution and marketing policies, hence considering future expectations for organics is particularly important. \u0000Research highlights: Preferences for organics have grown, but what are the expectations a decade from now? Will that interest remain so for many years to come?","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20568
Miguel Talavera, M. Vela, Manuel Arriaza
Aim of study: Root-knot nematodes are considered a common limiting factor to reaching premium quality and economically viable yields in horticultural crops. Soil disinfestation with agrochemical fumigants has been the main nematode control method until their recent ban due to environmental and social concerns. This paper explores farmers and agricultural advisors’ opinion and preferences on the sustainable use of available nematode control methods, considering sustainability as an integration of nematicidal effectiveness, reduction of environmental harmful effects and preservation of human health. Area of study: This study has been carried out between farm advisors of intensive horticultural crop areas in Southern Spain. Material and methods: Farm advisors’ opinion and preferences on the use of nematicides was evaluated following an opinion survey and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The analysis done was exploratory. Main results: Providing that current available control methods give enough nematicidal effectiveness to get a profitable yield, the group of farm advisors showed a great consciousness on the use of sustainable alternatives for nematode control in intensive horticultural crops, prioritizing biosolarization as the first option, followed by biopesticides and fumigant nematicides in third place. The use of ozone and non-fumigant nematicides with high toxicity profiles were considered the last options, but new generation nematicides with lower ecotoxicity profiles are also considered as an important tool in sustainable nematode management. Research highlights: These results provide a prediction of farmers' responses to the sustainable use of nematicides promoted by the European Union when agrochemical fumigants are banned.
{"title":"Experts’ opinion on the sustainable use of nematicides in Mediterranean intensive horticulture","authors":"Miguel Talavera, M. Vela, Manuel Arriaza","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20568","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Root-knot nematodes are considered a common limiting factor to reaching premium quality and economically viable yields in horticultural crops. Soil disinfestation with agrochemical fumigants has been the main nematode control method until their recent ban due to environmental and social concerns. This paper explores farmers and agricultural advisors’ opinion and preferences on the sustainable use of available nematode control methods, considering sustainability as an integration of nematicidal effectiveness, reduction of environmental harmful effects and preservation of human health. \u0000Area of study: This study has been carried out between farm advisors of intensive horticultural crop areas in Southern Spain. \u0000Material and methods: Farm advisors’ opinion and preferences on the use of nematicides was evaluated following an opinion survey and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The analysis done was exploratory. \u0000Main results: Providing that current available control methods give enough nematicidal effectiveness to get a profitable yield, the group of farm advisors showed a great consciousness on the use of sustainable alternatives for nematode control in intensive horticultural crops, prioritizing biosolarization as the first option, followed by biopesticides and fumigant nematicides in third place. The use of ozone and non-fumigant nematicides with high toxicity profiles were considered the last options, but new generation nematicides with lower ecotoxicity profiles are also considered as an important tool in sustainable nematode management. \u0000Research highlights: These results provide a prediction of farmers' responses to the sustainable use of nematicides promoted by the European Union when agrochemical fumigants are banned.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2024221-20759
Uxía Yáñez, Carlota Antelo, Elio López, J. Becerra, P. G. Herradón, Ana I. Peña, L. Quintela
Aim of study: To evaluate the utility of B-mode and Power Doppler ultrasonography to predict ovulation time in Holstein cows by assessment of uterine and follicle measurements. Area of study: Galicia, NW Spain Material and methods: 33 Holstein cows were examined every 12 h until ovulation. Measurements for the ratio endometrium/myometrium (END/MYO), uterine lumen (UL), diameter of the dominant follicle (DF), and Power Doppler of the dominant follicle and corpus luteum were recorded. The times of onset of heat, maximum heat (MHA) and heat finalization were obtained from the database of monitoring devices. Blood samples were taken at each examination for progesterone (P4) determination. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s χ2 tests. Main results: For UL, time -6 (1.53 mm) with respect to ovulation (time 0) significantly differed from time -42 (5.70 mm). Concerning DF, significant differences were observed between time -6 (20.48 mm) and time -54 (16.60 mm). As for P4, significant differences were found between time -6 (0.34 ng/mL) and time -54 (1.03 ng/mL). Considering MHA, significant differences were observed for the UL between after and before/during groups; for DF, significant differences were found before and after MHA. As for heat, the UL significantly differed between after and before/during groups. Significant differences were found for the percentage of cows with Doppler signal in the ovulatory follicle and corpus luteum concerning MHA and heat factors. Research highlights: The use of Power Doppler to predict ovulation time needs to be refined. The END/MYO and UL measurements could be useful to identify cows in heat, but inaccurate to determine ovulation.
{"title":"Use of B–mode and Power Doppler ultrasonography of the uterus and preovulatory follicle to predict ovulation time in Holstein cows after heat synchronization","authors":"Uxía Yáñez, Carlota Antelo, Elio López, J. Becerra, P. G. Herradón, Ana I. Peña, L. Quintela","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2024221-20759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20759","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the utility of B-mode and Power Doppler ultrasonography to predict ovulation time in Holstein cows by assessment of uterine and follicle measurements. Area of study: Galicia, NW Spain Material and methods: 33 Holstein cows were examined every 12 h until ovulation. Measurements for the ratio endometrium/myometrium (END/MYO), uterine lumen (UL), diameter of the dominant follicle (DF), and Power Doppler of the dominant follicle and corpus luteum were recorded. The times of onset of heat, maximum heat (MHA) and heat finalization were obtained from the database of monitoring devices. Blood samples were taken at each examination for progesterone (P4) determination. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s χ2 tests. Main results: For UL, time -6 (1.53 mm) with respect to ovulation (time 0) significantly differed from time -42 (5.70 mm). Concerning DF, significant differences were observed between time -6 (20.48 mm) and time -54 (16.60 mm). As for P4, significant differences were found between time -6 (0.34 ng/mL) and time -54 (1.03 ng/mL). Considering MHA, significant differences were observed for the UL between after and before/during groups; for DF, significant differences were found before and after MHA. As for heat, the UL significantly differed between after and before/during groups. Significant differences were found for the percentage of cows with Doppler signal in the ovulatory follicle and corpus luteum concerning MHA and heat factors. Research highlights: The use of Power Doppler to predict ovulation time needs to be refined. The END/MYO and UL measurements could be useful to identify cows in heat, but inaccurate to determine ovulation.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-20482
Laércio S. PEREIRA, João C. C. SAAD, Antonio I. I. CARDOSO, Marcelo A. SILVA, Carlos J. G. S. LIMA, Everaldo M. SILVA
Aim of the study: To evaluate the influence of irrigation management strategies and nitrogen (N) on baby lettuce growth, yield, and water use efficiency in a protected environment.
Area of study: Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Material and methods: The experiments were conducted in two consecutive cycles, and the treatments corresponded to the combination of irrigation management strategies with N doses. Irrigation strategies comprised 3 possibilities: continuous irrigation (Cont); intermittent irrigation with three irrigation pulses at one-hour intervals (Int1); and intermittent irrigation with irrigation depth split and applied at 7:00, 11:00, and 15:00 h (Int2). Two N doses were evaluated, 100 and 130 kg/ha of N, applied in daily fertigation according to the irrigation management strategies.
Main results: Intermittent irrigation strategies (Int1 and Int2) promoted the highest vegetative growth, increased leaf water content, and increased total yield (49.55 and 55.30; 46.83 and 49.50 t/ha) and marketable yield (46.77 and 52.44; 45.11 and 47.17 t/ha) in the first and second cycles, respectively, in addition to optimizing water use efficiency. The N dose of 130 kg/ha increased the total yield (51.61 t/ha), marketable yield (48.98 t/ha), and water use efficiencies of total yield (53.60 kg/m³) and marketable yield (50.88 kg/m³) only in the first crop cycle.
Research highlights: The use of intermittence in irrigation management proved to be more efficient in obtaining high yields and maximized the efficiency of use of water as a factor of production.
{"title":"Intermittence in irrigation management and nitrogen optimize yield and water use efficiency in baby lettuce","authors":"Laércio S. PEREIRA, João C. C. SAAD, Antonio I. I. CARDOSO, Marcelo A. SILVA, Carlos J. G. S. LIMA, Everaldo M. SILVA","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20482","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To evaluate the influence of irrigation management strategies and nitrogen (N) on baby lettuce growth, yield, and water use efficiency in a protected environment.
 Area of study: Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
 Material and methods: The experiments were conducted in two consecutive cycles, and the treatments corresponded to the combination of irrigation management strategies with N doses. Irrigation strategies comprised 3 possibilities: continuous irrigation (Cont); intermittent irrigation with three irrigation pulses at one-hour intervals (Int1); and intermittent irrigation with irrigation depth split and applied at 7:00, 11:00, and 15:00 h (Int2). Two N doses were evaluated, 100 and 130 kg/ha of N, applied in daily fertigation according to the irrigation management strategies.
 Main results: Intermittent irrigation strategies (Int1 and Int2) promoted the highest vegetative growth, increased leaf water content, and increased total yield (49.55 and 55.30; 46.83 and 49.50 t/ha) and marketable yield (46.77 and 52.44; 45.11 and 47.17 t/ha) in the first and second cycles, respectively, in addition to optimizing water use efficiency. The N dose of 130 kg/ha increased the total yield (51.61 t/ha), marketable yield (48.98 t/ha), and water use efficiencies of total yield (53.60 kg/m³) and marketable yield (50.88 kg/m³) only in the first crop cycle.
 Research highlights: The use of intermittence in irrigation management proved to be more efficient in obtaining high yields and maximized the efficiency of use of water as a factor of production.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-20505
Shivani SHARMA, Pramod VERMA, Naveen C. SHARMA
Aim of study: To optimize the best thinning method and elucidate its effect on fruit size, quality, yield and return bloom in apple under high density plantation in sub-temperate zone of India.
Area of study: Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Material and methods: The experiment consisted of 30 combinations of 10 thinning (chemical and manual) treatments (T1: 10 mg L-1 NAA; T2: 20 mg L-1 NAA; T3: 100 mg L-1 BA; T4: 200 mg L-1 BA; T5: 100 mg L-1 Metamitron; T6: 200 mg L-1 Metamitron; T7: crop load of 4 fruits cm-2 TCSA; T8: crop load of 6 fruits cm-2 TCSA; T9: crop load of 8 fruits cm-2 TCSA and T10: control - no thinning) and 3 cultivars treatments (‘Jeromine’, ‘Redlum Gala’ and ‘Super Chief’), replicated five times over three growing seasons (2020 to 2022).
Main results: The highest return bloom, fruit size, red skin color (RSC), sugars content, and anthocyanin content were produced due to manual thinning while maintaining a crop load of 4-6 fruits cm-2 TCSA (trunk cross sectional area). ‘Jeromine’ cultivar produced fruits with better yields, productivity, and RSC. ‘Redlum Gala’ had fruits with a better extent of thinning, return bloom, and sugar content. The extent of thinning showed a significant positive correlation with return bloom, fruit quality and physicochemical parameters, and growth in apples under high-density plantations.
Research highlights: A possible threshold for optimal fruit quality and consistent return bloom is around 4-6 fruits cm-2 TCSA in apple under high density plantation in India.
{"title":"Crop load management in high density apple plantation","authors":"Shivani SHARMA, Pramod VERMA, Naveen C. SHARMA","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20505","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To optimize the best thinning method and elucidate its effect on fruit size, quality, yield and return bloom in apple under high density plantation in sub-temperate zone of India.
 Area of study: Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
 Material and methods: The experiment consisted of 30 combinations of 10 thinning (chemical and manual) treatments (T1: 10 mg L-1 NAA; T2: 20 mg L-1 NAA; T3: 100 mg L-1 BA; T4: 200 mg L-1 BA; T5: 100 mg L-1 Metamitron; T6: 200 mg L-1 Metamitron; T7: crop load of 4 fruits cm-2 TCSA; T8: crop load of 6 fruits cm-2 TCSA; T9: crop load of 8 fruits cm-2 TCSA and T10: control - no thinning) and 3 cultivars treatments (‘Jeromine’, ‘Redlum Gala’ and ‘Super Chief’), replicated five times over three growing seasons (2020 to 2022).
 Main results: The highest return bloom, fruit size, red skin color (RSC), sugars content, and anthocyanin content were produced due to manual thinning while maintaining a crop load of 4-6 fruits cm-2 TCSA (trunk cross sectional area). ‘Jeromine’ cultivar produced fruits with better yields, productivity, and RSC. ‘Redlum Gala’ had fruits with a better extent of thinning, return bloom, and sugar content. The extent of thinning showed a significant positive correlation with return bloom, fruit quality and physicochemical parameters, and growth in apples under high-density plantations.
 Research highlights: A possible threshold for optimal fruit quality and consistent return bloom is around 4-6 fruits cm-2 TCSA in apple under high density plantation in India.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of study: Understanding the carbon budget and meteorological factor impacts of farmland ecosystems is helpful for scientific assessment of carbon budget and low-carbon agricultural production practices.
Area of study: The Songnen Plain, NE China, in 2019.
Material and methods: Based on eddy-related flux and soil heterotrophic respiration observations from a typical maize farmland ecosystem, using mathematical statistics and carbon balance equation methods, were analyzed.
Main results: Soil respiration rate (Rs) and composition were influenced and controlled by the synergistic effect of surface soil temperature (Ts) and water content (Wcs). Ts played a leading role, while Wcs played an important role. Ts and Wcs had the greatest influence on the heterotrophic respiration rate (Rh), followed by Rs and autotrophic respiration rate (Ra). Daily variations of net ecosystem productivity were correlated with daily mean air temperature, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux. Annual carbon revenue was 1139.67 g C m-2, annual carbon expenditure was 456.14 g C m-2, and annual carbon budget was -683.53 g C m-2 in 2019. While considering that maize grain yield (-353.44 g C m-2) was moved out of the field at harvest, the net ecosystem carbon balance was -330.09 g C m-2; then it was carbon sink in 2019. By fully utilizing climate resources and improving agricultural managements, carbon sink is increased in farmland ecosystems.
Research highlights: Soil respiration rate and composition were influenced and controlled by the synergistic effect of soil temperature and water content; the maize farmland ecosystem is carbon sink.
研究目的:了解农田生态系统的碳收支和气象因子影响，有助于科学评价碳收支和低碳农业生产实践。
研究区域:2019年中国东北松嫩平原[j]
材料与方法:基于典型玉米农田生态系统涡旋相关通量和土壤异养呼吸观测资料，采用数理统计和碳平衡方程方法进行分析。
主要结果:土壤呼吸速率(Rs)和土壤成分受表层土壤温度(Ts)和含水量(Wcs)的协同效应影响和控制。t起主导作用，Wcs起重要作用。Ts和Wcs对异养呼吸速率(Rh)的影响最大，其次是Rs和自养呼吸速率(Ra)。净生态系统生产力的日变化与日平均气温、潜热通量和感热通量相关。2019年年度碳收入为1139.67 g C m-2，年度碳支出为456.14 g C m-2，年度碳预算为-683.53 g C m-2。考虑玉米产量(-353.44 g C m-2)在收获时移出田间，生态系统净碳平衡为-330.09 g C m-2;然后是2019年的碳汇。通过充分利用气候资源和改进农业管理，增加农田生态系统碳汇。
研究重点:土壤呼吸速率和组成受土壤温度和含水量的协同效应影响和控制;玉米农田生态系统是碳汇。
{"title":"Dynamics of carbon budget and meteorological factors of a typical maize ecosystem in Songnen Plain, China","authors":"Yonggang GAO, Ming WANG, Lanqi JIANG, Fang ZHAO, Feng GAO, Huiying ZHAO","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20226","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Understanding the carbon budget and meteorological factor impacts of farmland ecosystems is helpful for scientific assessment of carbon budget and low-carbon agricultural production practices.
 Area of study: The Songnen Plain, NE China, in 2019.
 Material and methods: Based on eddy-related flux and soil heterotrophic respiration observations from a typical maize farmland ecosystem, using mathematical statistics and carbon balance equation methods, were analyzed.
 Main results: Soil respiration rate (Rs) and composition were influenced and controlled by the synergistic effect of surface soil temperature (Ts) and water content (Wcs). Ts played a leading role, while Wcs played an important role. Ts and Wcs had the greatest influence on the heterotrophic respiration rate (Rh), followed by Rs and autotrophic respiration rate (Ra). Daily variations of net ecosystem productivity were correlated with daily mean air temperature, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux. Annual carbon revenue was 1139.67 g C m-2, annual carbon expenditure was 456.14 g C m-2, and annual carbon budget was -683.53 g C m-2 in 2019. While considering that maize grain yield (-353.44 g C m-2) was moved out of the field at harvest, the net ecosystem carbon balance was -330.09 g C m-2; then it was carbon sink in 2019. By fully utilizing climate resources and improving agricultural managements, carbon sink is increased in farmland ecosystems.
 Research highlights: Soil respiration rate and composition were influenced and controlled by the synergistic effect of soil temperature and water content; the maize farmland ecosystem is carbon sink.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-20367
Erinc GUMUS, Behlul SEVIM, Osman OLGUN, Seher KUCUKERSAN
Aim of study: Despite previous research into mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and calcium butyrate coated with palm oil (CCB) in poultry, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the effects of these feed additives, either individually or in combination, on the growth performance, carcass values, blood biochemistry, immune response, and meat quality of growing Japanese quails.
Area of study: Türkiye
Material and methods: A total of 168 mixed-sex one-day-old quails were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups, with each group containing 7 birds per cage. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the treatment groups received the following additives: 1 g/kg of CCB, 2 g/kg of MOS, and a combination of MOS+CCB added to the basal diet, respectively.
Main results: None of the treatments had a significant impact on performance, relative organ weights, total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein lipase concentrations in blood serum, or humoral immunity on day 28. However, the inclusion of MOS and CCB in the diet, either individually or in combination, increased carcass yield and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood serum. Additionally, these additives helped maintain optimal pH levels and lower malondialdehyde concentrations in the breast meat. Moreover, the combination of MOS + CCB significantly improved water holding capacity and antibody titers against the Newcastle Disease vaccine on day 42 in Japanese quails.
Research highlights: The natural feed additives CCB and MOS contribute to enhanced carcass yield, improved meat quality, and strengthened humoral immunity, while simultaneously lowering lipid values in the bloodstream.
{"title":"Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and coated calcium butyrate on performance, carcass parameters, blood biochemistry and meat quality of growing Japanese quails","authors":"Erinc GUMUS, Behlul SEVIM, Osman OLGUN, Seher KUCUKERSAN","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-20367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20367","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Despite previous research into mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and calcium butyrate coated with palm oil (CCB) in poultry, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the effects of these feed additives, either individually or in combination, on the growth performance, carcass values, blood biochemistry, immune response, and meat quality of growing Japanese quails.
 Area of study: Türkiye
 Material and methods: A total of 168 mixed-sex one-day-old quails were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups, with each group containing 7 birds per cage. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the treatment groups received the following additives: 1 g/kg of CCB, 2 g/kg of MOS, and a combination of MOS+CCB added to the basal diet, respectively.
 Main results: None of the treatments had a significant impact on performance, relative organ weights, total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein lipase concentrations in blood serum, or humoral immunity on day 28. However, the inclusion of MOS and CCB in the diet, either individually or in combination, increased carcass yield and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood serum. Additionally, these additives helped maintain optimal pH levels and lower malondialdehyde concentrations in the breast meat. Moreover, the combination of MOS + CCB significantly improved water holding capacity and antibody titers against the Newcastle Disease vaccine on day 42 in Japanese quails.
 Research highlights: The natural feed additives CCB and MOS contribute to enhanced carcass yield, improved meat quality, and strengthened humoral immunity, while simultaneously lowering lipid values in the bloodstream.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023214-19494
Natasha P. BORGES, Eduardo B. SOUZA, Simone S. D. SANTOS, Otávio M. OHASHI, Priscila P. B. SANTANA, Ednaldo SILVA-FILHO
Aim of study: To evaluate the response of dermal fibroblasts to heat stress and different time exposures on the cell survival and gene expression.
Area of study: Belém city, Pará state. Brazil.
Material and methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from ear skin of bovine (n= 4) and buffalo (n= 4), cultured in vitro until the 3rd passage and submitted to heat stress at 42°C for 3, 6 and 12 h, except for the negative control (38.5°C for 24 h). Cell survival was measured using Trypan blue, and RNA isolation was performed using Trizol method following qRT-PCR to quantify the relative expression of the inducible heat shock protein HSPA1A, the pro-apoptotic BAX and pro-inflammatory IFN-γ genes.
Main results: Heat stress induced in vitro affected the cell viability and gene expression in a time-dependent manner. Gene expression was relatively lower in buffalo (p<0.05) than in bovine. Until 3 h of heat stress, HSPA1A showed a slight increase in both bovine and buffaloes, and BAX was 5.82-fold greater in bovine (p<0.05). After 6 h, HSPA1A was 75.81-fold (p<0.0001) and INF-γ was 20.15-fold greater (p<0.05) in bovine than buffalo. Only after 6 h the cell viability started to decrease significantly (p<0.05) in both species.
Research highlights: Dermal fibroblasts of buffaloes and bovine were sensitive to heat stress induced in vitro, which was most detrimental to cell survival after 6 h. The expression of HSPA1A, BAX and INF-γ genes in response to heat stress indicate a slight sensibility of the dermal fibroblasts of bovine compared to their buffalo counterpart.
{"title":"Heat stress induced in vitro affects cell viability and gene expression of dermal fibroblasts from bovine and buffalo","authors":"Natasha P. BORGES, Eduardo B. SOUZA, Simone S. D. SANTOS, Otávio M. OHASHI, Priscila P. B. SANTANA, Ednaldo SILVA-FILHO","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2023214-19494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-19494","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the response of dermal fibroblasts to heat stress and different time exposures on the cell survival and gene expression.
 Area of study: Belém city, Pará state. Brazil.
 Material and methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from ear skin of bovine (n= 4) and buffalo (n= 4), cultured in vitro until the 3rd passage and submitted to heat stress at 42°C for 3, 6 and 12 h, except for the negative control (38.5°C for 24 h). Cell survival was measured using Trypan blue, and RNA isolation was performed using Trizol method following qRT-PCR to quantify the relative expression of the inducible heat shock protein HSPA1A, the pro-apoptotic BAX and pro-inflammatory IFN-γ genes.
 Main results: Heat stress induced in vitro affected the cell viability and gene expression in a time-dependent manner. Gene expression was relatively lower in buffalo (p<0.05) than in bovine. Until 3 h of heat stress, HSPA1A showed a slight increase in both bovine and buffaloes, and BAX was 5.82-fold greater in bovine (p<0.05). After 6 h, HSPA1A was 75.81-fold (p<0.0001) and INF-γ was 20.15-fold greater (p<0.05) in bovine than buffalo. Only after 6 h the cell viability started to decrease significantly (p<0.05) in both species.
 Research highlights: Dermal fibroblasts of buffaloes and bovine were sensitive to heat stress induced in vitro, which was most detrimental to cell survival after 6 h. The expression of HSPA1A, BAX and INF-γ genes in response to heat stress indicate a slight sensibility of the dermal fibroblasts of bovine compared to their buffalo counterpart.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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