Fabio G. Moratti, Chiara Lonoce, Stephan Obst, Xenia Kroop, Daniel Karcher, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock
{"title":"A Set of Intein‐Split Selectable Marker Genes for Efficient Co‐Transformation","authors":"Fabio G. Moratti, Chiara Lonoce, Stephan Obst, Xenia Kroop, Daniel Karcher, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abiotic stresses severely constrain soybean productivity worldwide. Here we demonstrate that gmeif2b5 (eukaryotic initiation factors) mutants confer dual stress tolerance through coordinated mechanisms. Integrative RNA-Seq and protein interaction analyses revealed that gmeif2b5 mutants increase lignin deposition to increase drought resilience and balanced Na+/K+ homeostasis to enhance salt tolerance; GmeIF2B5 physically interacts with GmPRX4, a plant heme peroxidase; GmPRX4 overexpression increases drought and salt resistance in soybean; GmeIF2B5 plays the predominant role in the GmeIF2B5-GmPRX4 module, and double mutants exhibiting synergistic stress tolerance improvements. Our work uncovers a 'GmeIF2B5-GmPRX4 regulatory axis' that: mobilises lignin-based structural fortification for enhanced drought resistance and orchestrates ionic equilibrium for increased salt tolerance. This study pioneers the role of eIF2B genes in soybean stress adaptation, establishing a multi-tiered regulatory node for precision molecular design of stress-resilient crops.
{"title":"A GmeIF2B5-GmPRX4 Regulatory Axis Divergently Governs Drought-Lignin and Salt-Ion Homeostasis in Soybean.","authors":"Juan Liu,Yanzhong Huang,Xiaowan Fang,Han Gou,Huidong Xuan,Sushuang Deng,Lu Li,Yanjia Wang,Xiushuai Wang,Ling Gan,Nannan Zhang,Haoran Luo,Yaolan Bai,Qin Liu,Han Xing,Jinming Zhao,Na Guo","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70507","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stresses severely constrain soybean productivity worldwide. Here we demonstrate that gmeif2b5 (eukaryotic initiation factors) mutants confer dual stress tolerance through coordinated mechanisms. Integrative RNA-Seq and protein interaction analyses revealed that gmeif2b5 mutants increase lignin deposition to increase drought resilience and balanced Na+/K+ homeostasis to enhance salt tolerance; GmeIF2B5 physically interacts with GmPRX4, a plant heme peroxidase; GmPRX4 overexpression increases drought and salt resistance in soybean; GmeIF2B5 plays the predominant role in the GmeIF2B5-GmPRX4 module, and double mutants exhibiting synergistic stress tolerance improvements. Our work uncovers a 'GmeIF2B5-GmPRX4 regulatory axis' that: mobilises lignin-based structural fortification for enhanced drought resistance and orchestrates ionic equilibrium for increased salt tolerance. This study pioneers the role of eIF2B genes in soybean stress adaptation, establishing a multi-tiered regulatory node for precision molecular design of stress-resilient crops.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transient expression of recombinant proteins in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana is routinely employed for both basic research and manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products in plants. Relying on disarmed strains of the bacterial plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a transgene vector, this safe, cost‐effective and easily scalable ‘plant molecular farming’ approach offers a reliable alternative to classical protein expression platforms. Commonly referred to as agroinfiltration, scaled‐up versions of this manufacturing process have now become helpful in the fight against global health issues, such as those rapidly evolving virus strains causing influenza or coronavirus disease 2019. In the past decades, considerable efforts have been deployed to improve the efficacy of Agrobacterium ‐mediated expression, including through the development of new binary vectors, the design of strong promoters, and the deployment of approaches to increase levels and stability of transgene mRNAs. By comparison, much less attention has been given to understanding the effects that agroinfiltration unavoidably has on host plants, including the infiltration process itself, the perception of Agrobacterium and the subsequent accumulation of recombinant products throughout the expression phase. Using the upregulation profiles of plant receptor genes during the heterologous expression of virus‐like particles in N. benthamiana leaves, I here describe how some of these host responses interact with each other to form an intricate signalling interplay at the molecular level. I also review host plant's responses to agroinfiltration and highlight strategies that have emerged to improve the efficacy of plant cell biofactories based on the better understanding of this transient expression system.
{"title":"Nicotiana benthamiana 's Responses to Agroinfiltration, a Treasure Grove of New Avenues to Improve Protein Yields in Plant Molecular Farming","authors":"Louis‐Philippe Hamel","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70460","url":null,"abstract":"Transient expression of recombinant proteins in leaves of <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic> is routinely employed for both basic research and manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products in plants. Relying on disarmed strains of the bacterial plant pathogen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> as a transgene vector, this safe, cost‐effective and easily scalable ‘plant molecular farming’ approach offers a reliable alternative to classical protein expression platforms. Commonly referred to as agroinfiltration, scaled‐up versions of this manufacturing process have now become helpful in the fight against global health issues, such as those rapidly evolving virus strains causing influenza or coronavirus disease 2019. In the past decades, considerable efforts have been deployed to improve the efficacy of <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> ‐mediated expression, including through the development of new binary vectors, the design of strong promoters, and the deployment of approaches to increase levels and stability of transgene mRNAs. By comparison, much less attention has been given to understanding the effects that agroinfiltration unavoidably has on host plants, including the infiltration process itself, the perception of <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> and the subsequent accumulation of recombinant products throughout the expression phase. Using the upregulation profiles of plant receptor genes during the heterologous expression of virus‐like particles in <jats:italic>N. benthamiana</jats:italic> leaves, I here describe how some of these host responses interact with each other to form an intricate signalling interplay at the molecular level. I also review host plant's responses to agroinfiltration and highlight strategies that have emerged to improve the efficacy of plant cell biofactories based on the better understanding of this transient expression system.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jieyu Chen, Chuanhezi Quan, Yang Zhao, Imani L. D. S. Kalumith, Zhangjun Fei, Leon V. Kochian, William J. Lucas, Byung‐Kook Ham
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for various biological processes in plant growth. Modern agricultural science has advanced the knowledge of regulatory mechanisms underlying phosphorus starvation responses (PSRs), aiming to develop phosphate‐efficient crops with sustainable production under reduced Pi fertilizer application. However, information regarding coordinated shoot and root adaptations in response to combined nutrient stresses is limited. This study investigated the role of Phloem Phosphate Stress Repressed 1 (PPSR1) in modulating PSRs and other nutrient deficiency adaptations. The Arabidopsis functional homologue of Cucumis sativus PPSR1 (CsPPSR1), designated AtPPSR1, was identified. AtPPSR1 encodes a glycine‐rich domain‐containing protein, and its ectopic expression confers enhanced growth performance to plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed AtPPSR1 as a regulatory mediator of PSRs, photosynthesis, and root development. AtPPSR1 interacted with PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) to regulate PHR1‐target genes for adaptive root development in response to Pi‐starvation stress. Additionally, AtPPSR1 was graft‐transmissible, and shoot‐borne AtPPSR1 played a role in restoring the root phenotype of the ppsr1 mutant. Physiological analyses revealed that enhanced AtPPSR1 expression enabled resilience to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)‐starvation, as well as to Pi‐deficiency. Furthermore, we identified homologues of CsPPSR1 and AtPPSR1 in Brassica napus (canola), which displayed similar expression patterns in response to Pi‐starvation stress. Overexpression of PPSR1 , identified from Arabidopsis, cucumber, and canola, improved growth performance and seed production in canola under N‐, Pi‐, or K‐deficient conditions, within the controlled environment. These findings provide novel insights into PPSR1‐mediated molecular coordination to enhance plant resilience to mineral nutrient deficiency.
{"title":"PPSR1 Protein Functions as an Important Regulator to Enhance Plant Growth Performance Under N, P, and K Deficient Stress Conditions","authors":"Jieyu Chen, Chuanhezi Quan, Yang Zhao, Imani L. D. S. Kalumith, Zhangjun Fei, Leon V. Kochian, William J. Lucas, Byung‐Kook Ham","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70496","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for various biological processes in plant growth. Modern agricultural science has advanced the knowledge of regulatory mechanisms underlying phosphorus starvation responses (PSRs), aiming to develop phosphate‐efficient crops with sustainable production under reduced Pi fertilizer application. However, information regarding coordinated shoot and root adaptations in response to combined nutrient stresses is limited. This study investigated the role of Phloem Phosphate Stress Repressed 1 (PPSR1) in modulating PSRs and other nutrient deficiency adaptations. The Arabidopsis functional homologue of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Cucumis sativus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> PPSR1 (CsPPSR1), designated AtPPSR1, was identified. AtPPSR1 encodes a glycine‐rich domain‐containing protein, and its ectopic expression confers enhanced growth performance to plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed AtPPSR1 as a regulatory mediator of PSRs, photosynthesis, and root development. AtPPSR1 interacted with PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) to regulate PHR1‐target genes for adaptive root development in response to Pi‐starvation stress. Additionally, AtPPSR1 was graft‐transmissible, and shoot‐borne AtPPSR1 played a role in restoring the root phenotype of the <jats:italic>ppsr1</jats:italic> mutant. Physiological analyses revealed that enhanced <jats:italic>AtPPSR1</jats:italic> expression enabled resilience to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)‐starvation, as well as to Pi‐deficiency. Furthermore, we identified homologues of CsPPSR1 and AtPPSR1 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> (canola), which displayed similar expression patterns in response to Pi‐starvation stress. Overexpression of <jats:italic>PPSR1</jats:italic> , identified from Arabidopsis, cucumber, and canola, improved growth performance and seed production in canola under N‐, Pi‐, or K‐deficient conditions, within the controlled environment. These findings provide novel insights into PPSR1‐mediated molecular coordination to enhance plant resilience to mineral nutrient deficiency.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Lunn, Alayna Trejo, Baskaran Kannan, Amandine Germon, Alistair Leverett, Tom E. Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Andrew D. B. Leakey
Stomata are microscopic pores that regulate the exchange of CO 2 and water vapour, making them a major target for engineering plants with improved intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Proof‐of‐concept studies have demonstrated the potential to increase iWUE by reducing stomatal density (SD) and stomatal conductance (g sw ) by ubiquitously expressing EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) family genes. However, unwanted effects on leaf, stem and reproductive traits are often observed when EPFs are misexpressed in this fashion. We sought to test if these effects result from pleiotropy and to identify a targeted promoter that can circumvent the side effects while retaining the desired reduction in SD. A previously reported synthetic EPF (EPF syn ) was expressed in sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) using two putatively tissue‐specific promoters from Brachypodium distachyon (BdCESA7p and BdSPCH2p) and a ubiquitous control from Zea mays (ZmUBI4p). BdSPCH2p control reduced SD to statistically equivalent levels as ZmUBI4p on the abaxial (23%) and adaxial (23%) leaf surfaces. ZmUB4p and BdCESA7p induce expression in four tissue types often associated with pleiotropic effects in EPF‐expressing low SD plants. Transgenic plants carrying either the BdCESA7p or ZmUBI4p EPF syn cassettes displayed leaf chlorosis, reduced leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content, and altered stem architecture. However, transgenic events harboring the BdSPCH2p EPF syn cassette restricted EPF syn expression to the stomatal development zone and leaf nodal tissues and produced transgenic plants without the associated pleiotropic effects. These results represent an important step toward engineering low‐SD crops since they show that targeted gene expression can engineer stomatal patterning without impairing agronomically important traits.
{"title":"Brachypodium SPEECHLESS2 Promoter Drives Expression of a Synthetic EPF to Reduce Stomatal Density in Sugarcane Without Pleiotropic Effects","authors":"Daniel Lunn, Alayna Trejo, Baskaran Kannan, Amandine Germon, Alistair Leverett, Tom E. Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Andrew D. B. Leakey","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70495","url":null,"abstract":"Stomata are microscopic pores that regulate the exchange of CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and water vapour, making them a major target for engineering plants with improved intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Proof‐of‐concept studies have demonstrated the potential to increase iWUE by reducing stomatal density (SD) and stomatal conductance (g <jats:sub>sw</jats:sub> ) by ubiquitously expressing EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) family genes. However, unwanted effects on leaf, stem and reproductive traits are often observed when EPFs are misexpressed in this fashion. We sought to test if these effects result from pleiotropy and to identify a targeted promoter that can circumvent the side effects while retaining the desired reduction in SD. A previously reported synthetic EPF (EPF <jats:sub>syn</jats:sub> ) was expressed in sugarcane ( <jats:italic>Saccharum</jats:italic> spp.) using two putatively tissue‐specific promoters from <jats:italic>Brachypodium distachyon</jats:italic> (BdCESA7p and BdSPCH2p) and a ubiquitous control from <jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> (ZmUBI4p). BdSPCH2p control reduced SD to statistically equivalent levels as ZmUBI4p on the abaxial (23%) and adaxial (23%) leaf surfaces. ZmUB4p and BdCESA7p induce expression in four tissue types often associated with pleiotropic effects in EPF‐expressing low SD plants. Transgenic plants carrying either the BdCESA7p or ZmUBI4p EPF <jats:sub>syn</jats:sub> cassettes displayed leaf chlorosis, reduced leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content, and altered stem architecture. However, transgenic events harboring the BdSPCH2p EPF <jats:sub>syn</jats:sub> cassette restricted EPF <jats:sub>syn</jats:sub> expression to the stomatal development zone and leaf nodal tissues and produced transgenic plants without the associated pleiotropic effects. These results represent an important step toward engineering low‐SD crops since they show that targeted gene expression can engineer stomatal patterning without impairing agronomically important traits.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yinghui Dong, Fei Su, Hailin Xie, Sinan Zhang, Meng Jia, Chunyu Zou, Mugui Wang, Jian‐Kang Zhu
{"title":"A Rice Endogenous Small RNA ‐Binding Protein Improves Prime Editing for Precise Sequence Insertion and Replacement","authors":"Yinghui Dong, Fei Su, Hailin Xie, Sinan Zhang, Meng Jia, Chunyu Zou, Mugui Wang, Jian‐Kang Zhu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colletotrichum spp., hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens, threaten global strawberry production. Jasmonate (JA) regulates plant‐ Colletotrichum interactions, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that both exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and elevated endogenous MeJA levels increase strawberry susceptibility to anthracnose. Two key JA biosynthesis genes, FveAOS2 and FveAOC3 , were identified as contributors to Colletotrichum ‐induced susceptibility. Further analysis revealed that the FveSnRK2.1–FveWRKY50 phosphorylation module functions as an important molecular switch in regulating disease susceptibility. Specifically, Colletotrichum infection or MeJA application activates FveSnRK2.1, which phosphorylates FveWRKY50 at serine residue 88 (S88). This phosphorylation enhances the stability and transcriptional activity of FveWRKY50, leading to increased expression of FveAOS2 and FveAOC3 , higher MeJA accumulation and enhanced susceptibility. Notably, the strawberry JASMONATE‐ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) protein FveJAZ5 suppresses susceptibility by directly interacting with FveWRKY50, thereby preventing its interaction with FveSnRK2.1 and inhibiting the activation of FveAOS2 and FveAOC3 . Upon pathogen attack or MeJA signalling, FveJAZ5 is degraded, thereby releasing FveWRKY50 from suppression. The study elucidates a Colletotrichum ‐induced ‘JA signaling – JA biosynthesis’ positive feedback loop that drives strawberry susceptibility. Knocking out FveWRKY50 and overexpressing FveJAZ5 generated anthracnose‐resistant germplasms. These findings deepen understanding of plant‐ Colletotrichum interactions and provide genes for resistant strawberry breeding.
{"title":"Jasmonate Modulates Strawberry Susceptibility to Anthracnose by Activating SnRK2.1 to Regulate the WRKY50‐JAZ5 Module","authors":"Chuang Liu, Zhen Liu, Xia Li, Yating Chen, Ronghui Sun, Peijie Li, Qianqian Feng, Yuanhua Wang, Jie Ren, Qian Li, Bingbing Li","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70492","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> spp., hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens, threaten global strawberry production. Jasmonate (JA) regulates plant‐ <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> interactions, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that both exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and elevated endogenous MeJA levels increase strawberry susceptibility to anthracnose. Two key JA biosynthesis genes, <jats:italic>FveAOS2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>FveAOC3</jats:italic> , were identified as contributors to <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> ‐induced susceptibility. Further analysis revealed that the FveSnRK2.1–FveWRKY50 phosphorylation module functions as an important molecular switch in regulating disease susceptibility. Specifically, <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> infection or MeJA application activates FveSnRK2.1, which phosphorylates FveWRKY50 at serine residue 88 (S88). This phosphorylation enhances the stability and transcriptional activity of FveWRKY50, leading to increased expression of <jats:italic>FveAOS2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>FveAOC3</jats:italic> , higher MeJA accumulation and enhanced susceptibility. Notably, the strawberry JASMONATE‐ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) protein FveJAZ5 suppresses susceptibility by directly interacting with FveWRKY50, thereby preventing its interaction with FveSnRK2.1 and inhibiting the activation of <jats:italic>FveAOS2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>FveAOC3</jats:italic> . Upon pathogen attack or MeJA signalling, FveJAZ5 is degraded, thereby releasing FveWRKY50 from suppression. The study elucidates a <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> ‐induced ‘JA signaling – JA biosynthesis’ positive feedback loop that drives strawberry susceptibility. Knocking out <jats:italic>FveWRKY50</jats:italic> and overexpressing <jats:italic>FveJAZ5</jats:italic> generated anthracnose‐resistant germplasms. These findings deepen understanding of plant‐ <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> interactions and provide genes for resistant strawberry breeding.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Zhang, Guangming Ma, Lijie Gao, Xian Pu, Moxian Chen, Xiaodong Zheng, Michael Wisniewski, Xiangyang Li
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum fructicola , is a major destructive disease of apples but research on control measures is limited. Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone‐like compound that affects plant growth and stress response but is prone to light‐induced degradation, resulting in low stability and efficacy. Therefore, we developed a melatonin silicon‐based nanomaterial (MT@SiO 2 ) to enhance the stability of melatonin and increase its potential use on plants. Our results indicated that MT@SiO 2 significantly enhanced apple leaf resistance to GLS. We demonstrated that MT@SiO 2 at an optimal concentration of 50 μM significantly mitigated GLS infection in ‘Gala’ apples by elevating the level of salicylic acid. The core transcription factor gene MdNAC32 was identified in our transcriptome analysis and found to respond to both GLS infection and MT@SiO 2 treatment. MdNAC32 directly activates the transcription of MdPBS1/2 which promotes the synthesis of SA. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments demonstrated that MdPBS1/2 positively regulates GLS resistance. In addition, we found that the MEK5‐MAPK6 module can phosphorylate MdNAC32, which regulates MdPBS1/2 expression. Overall, our results indicate that MT@SiO 2 enhances the activity of the MEK5‐MAPK6‐NAC32‐MdPBS1/2 module by inducing SA accumulation, resulting in enhanced resistance in apples to GLS. The use of the melatonin‐based nanomaterial improved the efficacy of MT and highlights the potential use of conjugated nanomaterials to modulate disease resistance in apples. Our study also provides new insights into the involvement of NAC and MAPK pathways in plant defense response to microbial pathogens.
{"title":"MT @ SiO 2 Enhances MEK5 ‐ MAPK6 ‐ NAC32 Mediated Salicylic Acid Synthesis Which Increases Resistance to Glomerella Leaf Spot in Apple","authors":"Yong Zhang, Guangming Ma, Lijie Gao, Xian Pu, Moxian Chen, Xiaodong Zheng, Michael Wisniewski, Xiangyang Li","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70483","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Glomerella</jats:italic> leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by <jats:italic>Colletotrichum fructicola</jats:italic> , is a major destructive disease of apples but research on control measures is limited. Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone‐like compound that affects plant growth and stress response but is prone to light‐induced degradation, resulting in low stability and efficacy. Therefore, we developed a melatonin silicon‐based nanomaterial (MT@SiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) to enhance the stability of melatonin and increase its potential use on plants. Our results indicated that MT@SiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> significantly enhanced apple leaf resistance to GLS. We demonstrated that MT@SiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> at an optimal concentration of 50 μM significantly mitigated GLS infection in ‘Gala’ apples by elevating the level of salicylic acid. The core transcription factor gene MdNAC32 was identified in our transcriptome analysis and found to respond to both GLS infection and MT@SiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> treatment. MdNAC32 directly activates the transcription of MdPBS1/2 which promotes the synthesis of SA. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments demonstrated that <jats:italic>MdPBS1/2</jats:italic> positively regulates GLS resistance. In addition, we found that the MEK5‐MAPK6 module can phosphorylate MdNAC32, which regulates <jats:italic>MdPBS1/2</jats:italic> expression. Overall, our results indicate that MT@SiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> enhances the activity of the MEK5‐MAPK6‐NAC32‐MdPBS1/2 module by inducing SA accumulation, resulting in enhanced resistance in apples to GLS. The use of the melatonin‐based nanomaterial improved the efficacy of MT and highlights the potential use of conjugated nanomaterials to modulate disease resistance in apples. Our study also provides new insights into the involvement of NAC and MAPK pathways in plant defense response to microbial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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