Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P17-29
Katharine M. Simpson, R. Streeter, Meredyth L Jones, Jared D Taylor, R. Callan, T. Holt
Digital disorders in cattle constitute the majority of lameness issues that bovine practitioners will encounter. Treatment of many digital infections in cattle can be facilitated in part by regional limb perfusions of either local anesthetics, antibiotics, or both. This article reviews infectious causes of digital disease, relevant clinical anatomy, use of various perfusates and tourniquet types in regional intravenous perfusions in cattle, and potential complications associated with the procedure.
{"title":"Review of digital anatomy, infectious causes of lameness, and regional intravenous perfusion in cattle","authors":"Katharine M. Simpson, R. Streeter, Meredyth L Jones, Jared D Taylor, R. Callan, T. Holt","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P17-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P17-29","url":null,"abstract":"Digital disorders in cattle constitute the majority of lameness issues that bovine practitioners will encounter. Treatment of many digital infections in cattle can be facilitated in part by regional limb perfusions of either local anesthetics, antibiotics, or both. This article reviews infectious causes of digital disease, relevant clinical anatomy, use of various perfusates and tourniquet types in regional intravenous perfusions in cattle, and potential complications associated with the procedure.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88576258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P51-57
D. Shane, K. Lechtenberg, J. Seagren, R. Tessman, Vijayakrishna Singu, Yingying Wang, J. Coetzee, K. E. Reif
Anaplasma marginale is a gram-negative rickettsial pathogen that can cause clinical anemia and death in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ENR) 100 mg/mL at a single subcutaneous dose of 5.7 mg/lb (12.5 mg/kg) for treatment of acute anaplasmosis (ANA) in mature beef cows (n=67). Following intravenous inoculation with A. marginale-infected blood, cattle were monitored for clinical signs of ANA. Upon meeting case criteria, cattle were randomly assigned to receive ENR or saline (SAL). Treatment success, defined as 28 d post-treatment survival and resolution of abnormal clinical scores, was 81.8% (27/33) and 44.1% (15/34) (P=0.0032) for ENR and SAL treated cows, respectively. Mortality was 47% (16/34) and 3% (1/33) in SAL and ENR, respectively (P=0.0027). Packed cell volume at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d post-treatment was significantly greater in ENR compared to SAL (P<0.05). In this study, ENR improved treatment success compared to SAL, reduced ANA mortality, and maintained greater packed cell volumes post-clinical signs compared to SAL. Extra-label use of fluoroquinolones in food animals is prohibited in the United States, but ENR (Baytril® 100-CA1) was recently conditionally approved for treatment of ANA.
{"title":"Clinical effectiveness of enrofloxacin 100 mg/mL injectable solution for the treatment of acute anaplasmosis in cattle caused by Anaplasma marginale","authors":"D. Shane, K. Lechtenberg, J. Seagren, R. Tessman, Vijayakrishna Singu, Yingying Wang, J. Coetzee, K. E. Reif","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P51-57","url":null,"abstract":"Anaplasma marginale is a gram-negative rickettsial pathogen that can cause clinical anemia and death in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ENR) 100 mg/mL at a single subcutaneous dose of 5.7 mg/lb (12.5 mg/kg) for treatment of acute anaplasmosis (ANA) in mature beef cows (n=67). Following intravenous inoculation with A. marginale-infected blood, cattle were monitored for clinical signs of ANA. Upon meeting case criteria, cattle were randomly assigned to receive ENR or saline (SAL). Treatment success, defined as 28 d post-treatment survival and resolution of abnormal clinical scores, was 81.8% (27/33) and 44.1% (15/34) (P=0.0032) for ENR and SAL treated cows, respectively. Mortality was 47% (16/34) and 3% (1/33) in SAL and ENR, respectively (P=0.0027). Packed cell volume at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d post-treatment was significantly greater in ENR compared to SAL (P<0.05). In this study, ENR improved treatment success compared to SAL, reduced ANA mortality, and maintained greater packed cell volumes post-clinical signs compared to SAL. Extra-label use of fluoroquinolones in food animals is prohibited in the United States, but ENR (Baytril® 100-CA1) was recently conditionally approved for treatment of ANA.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73524781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P9-16
M. Adkins, E. Rollin, B. Heins, R. Berghaus, B. Credille
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum metabolic parameters and the risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in high-risk beef stocker calves. Jugular venous blood samples were collected from mixed-breed beef bull, steer, and heifer calves (n=468) at the time of arrival processing at a stocker facility in northeast Georgia. Serum samples were then submitted for determination of serum creatinine, total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, serum urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations, as well as sodium:potassium ratio and NEFA:cholesterol ratio. Calves were monitored for the development of signs consistent with BRD for 45 days following arrival. A multi-variable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the association between serum variables and subsequent risk of BRD. In this analysis, BRD was associated with higher serum potassium, lower serum urea nitrogen, and lower BHBA concentrations at arrival processing. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ability of the model to predict morbidity was 0.645. These data suggest that hydration status, nutrient balance, and degree of rumen development may play a role in the development of BRD in high-risk beef stocker calves.
{"title":"Evaluation of serum metabolic parameters as predictors of bovine respiratory disease events in high-risk beef stocker calves","authors":"M. Adkins, E. Rollin, B. Heins, R. Berghaus, B. Credille","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P9-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P9-16","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum metabolic parameters and the risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in high-risk beef stocker calves. Jugular venous blood samples were collected from mixed-breed beef bull, steer, and heifer calves (n=468) at the time of arrival processing at a stocker facility in northeast Georgia. Serum samples were then submitted for determination of serum creatinine, total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, serum urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations, as well as sodium:potassium ratio and NEFA:cholesterol ratio. Calves were monitored for the development of signs consistent with BRD for 45 days following arrival. A multi-variable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the association between serum variables and subsequent risk of BRD. In this analysis, BRD was associated with higher serum potassium, lower serum urea nitrogen, and lower BHBA concentrations at arrival processing. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ability of the model to predict morbidity was 0.645. These data suggest that hydration status, nutrient balance, and degree of rumen development may play a role in the development of BRD in high-risk beef stocker calves.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82966745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P36-40
R. Dewell, D. Berger, T. Brick, Shae M. Atterberg, Charles E. McIntosh, Linda D. Zeller, Lauren A McKeen, R. Griffith
Dermatophytosis is an important zoonotic superficial mycosis of cattle, primarily caused by the dermatophyte Trichophyton verrucosum. T. verrucosum presents a signifi-cant public health risk in the United States. The presence of dermatophyte lesions does not necessarily preclude issuance of certificates of veterinary inspection, and are permitted in some livestock shows and exhibition cattle if the inspecting veterinarian observes hair regrowth within the lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate dermatophyte lesions, both without hair (alopecic or active) and with hair regrowth (resolving), for presence of T. verrucosum spores in calves. Our hypothesis was that the regrowth of hair would not correlate with the absence of infective material. Of the 34 calves sampled, 23 of 34 of the haired/resolving lesions had spores present, while 14/34 of the alopecic/active lesions had spores present. The odds of a haired/resolving sample having spores present was found to be 4 times that of the odds of an alopecic/active sample having spores present (p-value = 0.03516, 95% CI: 1.07, 22.09). Resolving lesions, as evidenced by regrowth of hair, did not correlate with mycologic cure in this study as spores were still recovered in many lesions designated as haired/resolving.
{"title":"Isolation of Trichophyton spores from lesions typically classified as resolving in cattle","authors":"R. Dewell, D. Berger, T. Brick, Shae M. Atterberg, Charles E. McIntosh, Linda D. Zeller, Lauren A McKeen, R. Griffith","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL54NO1P36-40","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophytosis is an important zoonotic superficial mycosis of cattle, primarily caused by the dermatophyte Trichophyton verrucosum. T. verrucosum presents a signifi-cant public health risk in the United States. The presence of dermatophyte lesions does not necessarily preclude issuance of certificates of veterinary inspection, and are permitted in some livestock shows and exhibition cattle if the inspecting veterinarian observes hair regrowth within the lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate dermatophyte lesions, both without hair (alopecic or active) and with hair regrowth (resolving), for presence of T. verrucosum spores in calves. Our hypothesis was that the regrowth of hair would not correlate with the absence of infective material. Of the 34 calves sampled, 23 of 34 of the haired/resolving lesions had spores present, while 14/34 of the alopecic/active lesions had spores present. The odds of a haired/resolving sample having spores present was found to be 4 times that of the odds of an alopecic/active sample having spores present (p-value = 0.03516, 95% CI: 1.07, 22.09). Resolving lesions, as evidenced by regrowth of hair, did not correlate with mycologic cure in this study as spores were still recovered in many lesions designated as haired/resolving.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83142812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-17DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p63-65
L. Perino, D. B. Parker, R. Brown, M. Jeter
To describe the magnitude and variability of forces generated, we measured peak forces at nine different locations in hydraulic chutes used for cattle restraint. The headgate, middle of the chute, and tailgate were each measured at 18, 34, and 48 inches from the chute floor using a 3,000 lb capacity, high accuracy S-beam load cell. Peak forces generated by hydraulic chutes ranged from a low of approximately 100 lb to a high of over 3000 lb. There were large variations in forces observed within and between facilities, with the coefficient of variation on chute forces across all chutes at approximately 50% for all positions assessed. At 34 inches from the floor, 43, 14, and 29% of chutes generated less than 600 lb of force at the headgate, middle, and tailgate, respectively, while 29, 50 and 21 % of chutes generated greater than 1000 lb of force at the headgate, middle, and tailgate, respectively. There is a large amount of variability in forces generated by hydraulic chutes used for cattle restraint. Some chutes generate forces potentially hazardous to cattle.
{"title":"Forces Exerted by Hydraulic Cattle Chutes","authors":"L. Perino, D. B. Parker, R. Brown, M. Jeter","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p63-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p63-65","url":null,"abstract":"To describe the magnitude and variability of forces generated, we measured peak forces at nine different locations in hydraulic chutes used for cattle restraint. The headgate, middle of the chute, and tailgate were each measured at 18, 34, and 48 inches from the chute floor using a 3,000 lb capacity, high accuracy S-beam load cell. Peak forces generated by hydraulic chutes ranged from a low of approximately 100 lb to a high of over 3000 lb. There were large variations in forces observed within and between facilities, with the coefficient of variation on chute forces across all chutes at approximately 50% for all positions assessed. At 34 inches from the floor, 43, 14, and 29% of chutes generated less than 600 lb of force at the headgate, middle, and tailgate, respectively, while 29, 50 and 21 % of chutes generated greater than 1000 lb of force at the headgate, middle, and tailgate, respectively. There is a large amount of variability in forces generated by hydraulic chutes used for cattle restraint. Some chutes generate forces potentially hazardous to cattle.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78946354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-17DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p60-62
T. Schmidt, Lynn Unruh, L. Perino, T. Montgomery
On May 25, 1999, a storm producing hail approximately 1 ¾ to 3¾ inches in diameter crossed over a feed yard. On four occasions following the storm, 409 carcasses from six pens were observed at an abattoir. On day 1, 29 carcasses were examined at the abattoir and in the grading cooler. On days 10, 15, and 49, additional cattle (n = 117, 173, and 90, respectively) were examined at the abattoir only. On day 16 following the first storm, a second storm, producing approximately 1 ¾-inch-diameter hail, crossed over the feed yard. Bruises were classified into three size categories, into short- and long-duration categories, and location was recorded. One hundred, 85, 54, and 44% of the carcasses exhibited bruises on days 1, 10, 15, and 49, respectively. On days 1, 10, 15, and 49, 100, 98, 65, and 27% of bruises were classified as short-duration. Multiple bruises were observed on 100, 75, 42, and 16% of carcasses on days 1, 10, 15, and 49, respectively. Storms producing hail approximately 3¾ inches in diameter have the potential to cause extensive bruising in cattle in open feed yards. Cattle sold within 15 days of such storms may experience significant hail-associated carcass trim loss, but by day 49 bruising appears to return to baseline levels.
{"title":"Hail Bruising of Fed Cattle","authors":"T. Schmidt, Lynn Unruh, L. Perino, T. Montgomery","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p60-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p60-62","url":null,"abstract":"On May 25, 1999, a storm producing hail approximately 1 ¾ to 3¾ inches in diameter crossed over a feed yard. On four occasions following the storm, 409 carcasses from six pens were observed at an abattoir. On day 1, 29 carcasses were examined at the abattoir and in the grading cooler. On days 10, 15, and 49, additional cattle (n = 117, 173, and 90, respectively) were examined at the abattoir only. On day 16 following the first storm, a second storm, producing approximately 1 ¾-inch-diameter hail, crossed over the feed yard. Bruises were classified into three size categories, into short- and long-duration categories, and location was recorded. One hundred, 85, 54, and 44% of the carcasses exhibited bruises on days 1, 10, 15, and 49, respectively. On days 1, 10, 15, and 49, 100, 98, 65, and 27% of bruises were classified as short-duration. Multiple bruises were observed on 100, 75, 42, and 16% of carcasses on days 1, 10, 15, and 49, respectively. Storms producing hail approximately 3¾ inches in diameter have the potential to cause extensive bruising in cattle in open feed yards. Cattle sold within 15 days of such storms may experience significant hail-associated carcass trim loss, but by day 49 bruising appears to return to baseline levels.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82977242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-17DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p66-71
G. Duff, K. J. Malcolm-Callis, D. A. Walker, M. Wiseman, M. Galyean, L. Perino
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of viral vaccines and vaccination programs on health and performance of newly received beef cattle. In Exp. 1, two loads (120 steer and bull calves and 108 heifer calves for Load 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of an intranasal vs an intramuscular IBR-PI3 vaccine on performance and health of newly received beef cattle. Treatments were: 1) no vaccine (Control); 2) an intranasal modified-live IBR-PI3 vaccine (IN); and 3) an intramuscular modified-live IBR-PI3 vaccine (IM). No treatment x load interactions were observed for performance data. For the 28-d receiving period, cattle given IN IBR-PI3 vaccine had greater daily gain (P < .05) than cattle given IM IBR-PI3 vaccine. No differences (P > .10) were noted for daily dry matter (DM) intake, however, the feed:gain ratio was increased (P < .05) for the IM group as compared to the IN group. No differences (P > .10) were noted among treatments in the percentage of cattle treated for BRD. In Exp. 2, 102 steer and bull calves were used to evaluate vaccine timing on health and performance of newly received calves. Treatments included: 1) no vaccine (Control); 2) no vaccine at processing, with an IM multiple antigen (IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV) viral vaccine given on d 7; 3) intranasal IBR-PI3 administered at processing with IM IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV vaccine given on d 7; and 4) IM IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV vaccine administered both at processing and on d 7. No differences were noted for daily gain or daily DM intake during the 28-d receiving period. Feed:gain was improved (P < .10) for vaccinated calves as compared to controls. Results suggest that an intranasal IBR-PI3 vaccine might have beneficial effects on gain and feed efficiency compared with an intramuscular IBR-PI:-i vaccine. There was no advantage or disadvantage to delaying vaccination with viral vaccines until 7 d after arrival. In terms of overall 28-d gains and morbidity, vaccines did not enhance gains or effect morbidity, compared to negative controls. However, statistical power to detect differences was marginal in both experiments.
{"title":"Effects of Intranasal Versus Intramuscular Modified Live Vaccines and Vaccine Timing on Health and Performance by Newly Received Beef Cattle","authors":"G. Duff, K. J. Malcolm-Callis, D. A. Walker, M. Wiseman, M. Galyean, L. Perino","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p66-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p66-71","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of viral vaccines and vaccination programs on health and performance of newly received beef cattle. In Exp. 1, two loads (120 steer and bull calves and 108 heifer calves for Load 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of an intranasal vs an intramuscular IBR-PI3 vaccine on performance and health of newly received beef cattle. Treatments were: 1) no vaccine (Control); 2) an intranasal modified-live IBR-PI3 vaccine (IN); and 3) an intramuscular modified-live IBR-PI3 vaccine (IM). No treatment x load interactions were observed for performance data. For the 28-d receiving period, cattle given IN IBR-PI3 vaccine had greater daily gain (P < .05) than cattle given IM IBR-PI3 vaccine. No differences (P > .10) were noted for daily dry matter (DM) intake, however, the feed:gain ratio was increased (P < .05) for the IM group as compared to the IN group. No differences (P > .10) were noted among treatments in the percentage of cattle treated for BRD. In Exp. 2, 102 steer and bull calves were used to evaluate vaccine timing on health and performance of newly received calves. Treatments included: 1) no vaccine (Control); 2) no vaccine at processing, with an IM multiple antigen (IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV) viral vaccine given on d 7; 3) intranasal IBR-PI3 administered at processing with IM IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV vaccine given on d 7; and 4) IM IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV vaccine administered both at processing and on d 7. No differences were noted for daily gain or daily DM intake during the 28-d receiving period. Feed:gain was improved (P < .10) for vaccinated calves as compared to controls. Results suggest that an intranasal IBR-PI3 vaccine might have beneficial effects on gain and feed efficiency compared with an intramuscular IBR-PI:-i vaccine. There was no advantage or disadvantage to delaying vaccination with viral vaccines until 7 d after arrival. In terms of overall 28-d gains and morbidity, vaccines did not enhance gains or effect morbidity, compared to negative controls. However, statistical power to detect differences was marginal in both experiments.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-16DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p58-59
Lynne M. Dzuba
A seven-year-old pluriparturient Holstein cow was presented because of failure to complete parturition. On physical examination a 270-degree, counterclockwise uterine torsion was found. Attempts to correct the torsion via the vagina were unsuccessful as the fetus would immediately return to the dorso-ileal position when released. A left flank laparotomy was performed and the 270- degree counterclockwise torsion was confirmed. One hind limb has perforated the uterine wall and was the cause of failed attempts to correct the torsion vaginally. The live term, male fetus was delivered by cesarean section. The uterus and body wall were routinely closed and the cow was treated for shock. She died 12 hours post-operatively.
{"title":"Case report","authors":"Lynne M. Dzuba","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p58-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p58-59","url":null,"abstract":"A seven-year-old pluriparturient Holstein cow was presented because of failure to complete parturition. On physical examination a 270-degree, counterclockwise uterine torsion was found. Attempts to correct the torsion via the vagina were unsuccessful as the fetus would immediately return to the dorso-ileal position when released. A left flank laparotomy was performed and the 270- degree counterclockwise torsion was confirmed. One hind limb has perforated the uterine wall and was the cause of failed attempts to correct the torsion vaginally. The live term, male fetus was delivered by cesarean section. The uterus and body wall were routinely closed and the cow was treated for shock. She died 12 hours post-operatively.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73709112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-16DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p41-45
K. Querengässer, T. Geishauser, J. Querengässer, R. Bruckmaier, K. Fehlings, W. Wolf
The objective of this study is to report two cases of foreign bodies in teats of cows with milk flow disorders. Foreign bodies and the causes of the milk flow disorders were diagnosed and treated by using teat endoscopy. In the first case, a teat dilator was found in the teat along with inflammation of the teat cistern lining. The milk flow disorder was caused by teat canal skin which had ruptured and inverted into the teat cistern. In the second case, a wax teat insert was found in the teat cistern. The milk flow disorder was caused by a narrowed inner opening of the teat canal. In both cases the milk from the affected quarters showed signs of subclinical mastitis. The foreign bodies were removed through the teat canal by using forceps. The causes of the milk flow disorders were treated surgically. Antibiotics were administered into the affected teats and a sterile silicone implant was inserted into the teat canal. The teat was bandaged and rested for several days. On re-examination four weeks later, milk flow and milk quality were significantly improved. Our findings indicate that the alterations in the teat canal area were the cause of the milk flow disorders rather than the foreign bodies. We conclude that in teats with milk flow disorders, a diagnosis should be made first and then a causal treatment initiated. Teat dilators and wax inserts without heads may slip into the teat and act as foreign bodies. Teat dilators may be deleterious to udder health.
{"title":"Teat Dilators as Free Foreign Bodies in the Bovine Teat","authors":"K. Querengässer, T. Geishauser, J. Querengässer, R. Bruckmaier, K. Fehlings, W. Wolf","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p41-45","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to report two cases of foreign bodies in teats of cows with milk flow disorders. Foreign bodies and the causes of the milk flow disorders were diagnosed and treated by using teat endoscopy. In the first case, a teat dilator was found in the teat along with inflammation of the teat cistern lining. The milk flow disorder was caused by teat canal skin which had ruptured and inverted into the teat cistern. In the second case, a wax teat insert was found in the teat cistern. The milk flow disorder was caused by a narrowed inner opening of the teat canal. In both cases the milk from the affected quarters showed signs of subclinical mastitis. The foreign bodies were removed through the teat canal by using forceps. The causes of the milk flow disorders were treated surgically. Antibiotics were administered into the affected teats and a sterile silicone implant was inserted into the teat canal. The teat was bandaged and rested for several days. On re-examination four weeks later, milk flow and milk quality were significantly improved. Our findings indicate that the alterations in the teat canal area were the cause of the milk flow disorders rather than the foreign bodies. We conclude that in teats with milk flow disorders, a diagnosis should be made first and then a causal treatment initiated. Teat dilators and wax inserts without heads may slip into the teat and act as foreign bodies. Teat dilators may be deleterious to udder health.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-16DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p32-40
Y. Gröhn
The purpose of our research is to develop a comprehensive economic model to assist dairy producers when making treatment and culling decisions. To make profitable decisions, the producer must account for factors including age, production level, stage of lactation, pregnancy status, and disease history. Establishing the interrelationships among disease, milk yield, reproduction, and herd management is necessary for developing a decision model for disease treatment, insemination, and replacement. The objective of our research presented in this paper was to study the relationship between disease and milk production. First, we studied whether high milk yield predisposes a cow to certain diseases and reproductive disturbances. Second, we studied whether certain diseases cause milk loss and increased culling. Third, we are combining all information to develop a comprehensive economic model which will attempt to assess both the beneficial and deleterious effects of increasing milk yield. The data for this study incorporate health, production, and management components for Holsteins in the Northeastern USA and Ayrshires from Finland. The data were analyzed using the Cornell Theory Center Supercomputer. The effect of milk yield was modeled with logistic regression, and conception and culling with a survival analysis technique. The effect of disease on milk yield was analyzed with mixed model analysis. High milk yield predisposed a cow to certain diseases (particularly mastitis). Many diseases led to decreased production. Both milk yield and disease affected reproductive performance and culling. As expected, high milk yield protected against culling, and non-pregnant and sick cows were more likely to be culled. We now are positioned to develop a simple, accurate, and complete framework for a dairy farmer to determine whether a cow should be kept or replaced by a more profitable heifer using all of the biological variables that impact profit-ability in an objective manner.
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