Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p47-49
A. Edwards, G. Stokka
The BallistiVet delivery system (BallistiVet Inc., Minneapolis, USA) has been patented as a system for the non-lethal ballistic implantation of biologicals and pharmaceuticals in animals. Tanimalshe 25-calibre hydroxypropylcellulose bullets have a hollow space where the product, such as freeze-dried vaccine, is placed for delivery. The equipment was evaluated by firing a total of 32 bullets at different angles (45 and 90°) and distances (15, 20 and 25 feet) into the neck and legs of 3 sedated 400-lb beef calves. The animals were then killed and PM examinations carried out. Some of the bullets fired at 45° appeared to bounce off the skin without penetrating, other bullets caused severe tissue destruction and haemorrhage. Only 10 bullets were recovered from muscle tissue. It was concluded that the bullets were too destructive to be considered as suitable for the delivery of biological or pharmaceutical products.
{"title":"Evaluation of an Air-Powered Vaccine Delivery System","authors":"A. Edwards, G. Stokka","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p47-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p47-49","url":null,"abstract":"The BallistiVet delivery system (BallistiVet Inc., Minneapolis, USA) has been patented as a system for the non-lethal ballistic implantation of biologicals and pharmaceuticals in animals. Tanimalshe 25-calibre hydroxypropylcellulose bullets have a hollow space where the product, such as freeze-dried vaccine, is placed for delivery. The equipment was evaluated by firing a total of 32 bullets at different angles (45 and 90°) and distances (15, 20 and 25 feet) into the neck and legs of 3 sedated 400-lb beef calves. The animals were then killed and PM examinations carried out. Some of the bullets fired at 45° appeared to bounce off the skin without penetrating, other bullets caused severe tissue destruction and haemorrhage. Only 10 bullets were recovered from muscle tissue. It was concluded that the bullets were too destructive to be considered as suitable for the delivery of biological or pharmaceutical products.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82730730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p23-27
A. D. Weaver
A full week was devoted to discussion, sometimes heated, of bovine digital problems at a meeting organized by the British Cattle Veterinary Association in Liverpool, England, July 16-20, 1990. The first and last days, confined to members of the international study group on diseases of the ruminant digit (sixth meeting) involved twenty papers and considerable discussion on recent observations and studies. The three intervening days' program was a forum for an "Update in Cattle Lameness" (US $20 or £12 sterling post free from Dr. R. D. Murray, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Liverpool Field Station, "Leahurst", Neaton, S. Wirral, Cheshire L64 7TE, England) attended by over 200 veterinarians and others, including large, predominantly European and Japanese contingents. This study was conceived in response to NCA's resolution to encourage biological and pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide tissue reaction data on all animal health products and to encourage development of acceptable alternative routes of administration to the problematic IM method.
1990年7月16日至20日，英国畜牧兽医协会在英格兰利物浦组织了一次会议，会上花了整整一周的时间讨论牛的数字问题，有时讨论得很激烈。第一天和最后一天，反刍动物趾部疾病国际研究小组(第六次会议)成员参加了20篇论文，并就最近的观察和研究进行了大量讨论。其间三天的活动是一个关于“牛跛足最新情况”的论坛(20美元或12英镑免费邮费，由Dr. D. Murray博士提供，利物浦大学野外研究站，“Leahurst”，Neaton, S. Wirral, Cheshire L64 7TE, England)， 200多名兽医和其他人参加，其中包括主要来自欧洲和日本的大型队伍。NCA鼓励生物和制药制造商提供所有动物保健产品的组织反应数据，并鼓励开发可接受的替代给药途径，以替代存在问题的IM方法。
{"title":"Advances in Bovine Digital Diseases","authors":"A. D. Weaver","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p23-27","url":null,"abstract":"A full week was devoted to discussion, sometimes heated, of bovine digital problems at a meeting organized by the British Cattle Veterinary Association in Liverpool, England, July 16-20, 1990. The first and last days, confined to members of the international study group on diseases of the ruminant digit (sixth meeting) involved twenty papers and considerable discussion on recent observations and studies. The three intervening days' program was a forum for an \"Update in Cattle Lameness\" (US $20 or £12 sterling post free from Dr. R. D. Murray, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Liverpool Field Station, \"Leahurst\", Neaton, S. Wirral, Cheshire L64 7TE, England) attended by over 200 veterinarians and others, including large, predominantly European and Japanese contingents. This study was conceived in response to NCA's resolution to encourage biological and pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide tissue reaction data on all animal health products and to encourage development of acceptable alternative routes of administration to the problematic IM method.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77733470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p28-31
A. D. Weaver
{"title":"Symposium on Bovine Digital Problems","authors":"A. D. Weaver","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p28-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p28-31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84654886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol51no1p64-72
C. McConnel, F. Garry
On-farm cow mortality is a significant problem for North American dairies. Analysis of causes of death should provide important information about outcomes of current management, and direction for management changes required to improve cow health, production, and well-being. Currently available information about mortality losses is not useful for making appropriate changes because information gathering and storage are inadequate for that purpose. Here we propose and analyze the use of a dairy cow death certificate that provides an information gathering tool intended to improve analysis and communication about outcomes of dairy management.
{"title":"Dairy cow mortality data management: the dairy certificate of death","authors":"C. McConnel, F. Garry","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol51no1p64-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol51no1p64-72","url":null,"abstract":"On-farm cow mortality is a significant problem for North American dairies. Analysis of causes of death should provide important information about outcomes of current management, and direction for management changes required to improve cow health, production, and well-being. Currently available information about mortality losses is not useful for making appropriate changes because information gathering and storage are inadequate for that purpose. Here we propose and analyze the use of a dairy cow death certificate that provides an information gathering tool intended to improve analysis and communication about outcomes of dairy management.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74810236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P166-168
C. Hanthorn, M. Sanderson
A depopulation protocol utilizing intramuscular sedation with xylazine followed by euthanasia via gunshot was evaluated for effectiveness and practicality in a group of 43 feedlot calves in a commercial feedlot setting. Sedation and euthanasia were successful in all 43 calves. The time required to complete the procedure was 46 minutes from the first xylazine injection to the last gunshot. Utilization of this depopulation method demonstrates that cattle in a commercial feedlot can be euthanized in a rapid manner that is practical and efficient, while also maintaining an acceptable level of animal welfare. Expansion to larger herds, including the total population of a large feedlot, may still be challenging. The use of this depopulation method should be considered for future livestock emergencies.
{"title":"Xylazine sedation and gunshot for depopulation of cattle","authors":"C. Hanthorn, M. Sanderson","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P166-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P166-168","url":null,"abstract":"A depopulation protocol utilizing intramuscular sedation with xylazine followed by euthanasia via gunshot was evaluated for effectiveness and practicality in a group of 43 feedlot calves in a commercial feedlot setting. Sedation and euthanasia were successful in all 43 calves. The time required to complete the procedure was 46 minutes from the first xylazine injection to the last gunshot. Utilization of this depopulation method demonstrates that cattle in a commercial feedlot can be euthanized in a rapid manner that is practical and efficient, while also maintaining an acceptable level of animal welfare. Expansion to larger herds, including the total population of a large feedlot, may still be challenging. The use of this depopulation method should be considered for future livestock emergencies.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85073039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P117-127
M. Theurer, J. Fox, A. Aguilar, Henson Nielsen, J. Simpson, T. Lawrence
Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (live yeast; ProTernative®, Lallemand Animal Nutrition) was evaluated for effects on health and performance in high-risk feeder heifers. A total of 1,274 beef heifers (average body weight = 547 ± 28.7 lb; 248 ± 13.0 kg) were procured from auction markets in the southern United States. Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) Control (CON; no yeast products) or 2) ProTernative® (PRO) fed at 1 gram/hd/day to provide 20 x 109 CFU/hd/day for the first 45 days-on-feed (8 pens/treatment). After 45 days-on-feed, PRO was removed from the diet and both the PRO and CON treatment groups were fed the same basal diets throughout the rest of finishing. Feeding PRO during the first 45 days decreased bovine respiratory disease first treatment 28.4% compared to CON (P=0.01), and improved average daily gain (P=0.05; +4.5%), feed:gain (P=0.02; -5.0%), cost of gain (P=0.04; -4.7%), percentage USDA quality grade Choice (P<0.01; +6.8%), and reduced A+ liver abscesses (P<0.01; -45.9%). Carcass weight and percentage USDA Choice carcasses decreased (P<0.01) concomitant with increased (P<0.01) percentage USDA Select carcasses as the number of times treated for bovine respiratory disease increased. Addition of PRO to the ration during the first 45 days improved health, performance, and carcass outcomes through closeout in high-risk feeder heifers.
{"title":"Effect of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079) feed additive on health and growth parameters of high-risk heifers in a commercial feedlot","authors":"M. Theurer, J. Fox, A. Aguilar, Henson Nielsen, J. Simpson, T. Lawrence","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P117-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P117-127","url":null,"abstract":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (live yeast; ProTernative®, Lallemand Animal Nutrition) was evaluated for effects on health and performance in high-risk feeder heifers. A total of 1,274 beef heifers (average body weight = 547 ± 28.7 lb; 248 ± 13.0 kg) were procured from auction markets in the southern United States. Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) Control (CON; no yeast products) or 2) ProTernative® (PRO) fed at 1 gram/hd/day to provide 20 x 109 CFU/hd/day for the first 45 days-on-feed (8 pens/treatment). After 45 days-on-feed, PRO was removed from the diet and both the PRO and CON treatment groups were fed the same basal diets throughout the rest of finishing. Feeding PRO during the first 45 days decreased bovine respiratory disease first treatment 28.4% compared to CON (P=0.01), and improved average daily gain (P=0.05; +4.5%), feed:gain (P=0.02; -5.0%), cost of gain (P=0.04; -4.7%), percentage USDA quality grade Choice (P<0.01; +6.8%), and reduced A+ liver abscesses (P<0.01; -45.9%). Carcass weight and percentage USDA Choice carcasses decreased (P<0.01) concomitant with increased (P<0.01) percentage USDA Select carcasses as the number of times treated for bovine respiratory disease increased. Addition of PRO to the ration during the first 45 days improved health, performance, and carcass outcomes through closeout in high-risk feeder heifers.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87986132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P170-176
C. Frias, P. Simões, J. Cota, H. Pissarra, T. P. Nunes, C. Hjerpe, M. S. Lima
Oak toxicity in cattle results from ingestion of acorns, buds, leaves, sprouts, and saplings from several species of trees in the genus Quercus, all of which contain high concentrations of tannins. Consumption of acorns by ruminants, principally between late summer and early winter, is common in the south of Portugal, where there is a high prevalence of Quercus suber. Oak poisoning can lead to progressive damage to the kidneys and may result in renal failure and death. This study involved 17 beef cows that died of chronic oak poisoning related to ingestion of Quercus suber. The most relevant findings from necropsy examinations were abdominal fluid accumulation, atrophic/fibrotic kidneys, mesenteric and sub-mandibular edema, absence of body fat reserves and muscle atrophy, and weight loss. The most significant histopathologic finding was chronic interstitial nephritis. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and K+ values and reduced albumin values were found in 4 cows examined ante-mortem. Straight-bred Mertolengo cows appeared to be highly resistant to oak toxicity.
{"title":"Case Report - Chronic oak toxicity (Quercus suber) in beef cattle in the south of Portugal","authors":"C. Frias, P. Simões, J. Cota, H. Pissarra, T. P. Nunes, C. Hjerpe, M. S. Lima","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P170-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P170-176","url":null,"abstract":"Oak toxicity in cattle results from ingestion of acorns, buds, leaves, sprouts, and saplings from several species of trees in the genus Quercus, all of which contain high concentrations of tannins. Consumption of acorns by ruminants, principally between late summer and early winter, is common in the south of Portugal, where there is a high prevalence of Quercus suber. Oak poisoning can lead to progressive damage to the kidneys and may result in renal failure and death. This study involved 17 beef cows that died of chronic oak poisoning related to ingestion of Quercus suber. The most relevant findings from necropsy examinations were abdominal fluid accumulation, atrophic/fibrotic kidneys, mesenteric and sub-mandibular edema, absence of body fat reserves and muscle atrophy, and weight loss. The most significant histopathologic finding was chronic interstitial nephritis. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and K+ values and reduced albumin values were found in 4 cows examined ante-mortem. Straight-bred Mertolengo cows appeared to be highly resistant to oak toxicity.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89227798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P128-133
V. J. Ruggiero, P. Bartlett
The objective of this study was to determine the utility of single-use hypodermic needles and reproductive examination sleeves in reducing the transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in dairy herds. Numerous epidemiological studies have identified re-use of needles and exam sleeves as significant risk factors for BLV, therefore adopting a practice of single-use needles and sleeves is a commonly suggested management change for reducing BLV transmission. We conducted a field trial on 3 midwestern commercial dairy herds that had not been employing single use of needles or sleeves as part of their herd health protocol. Additionally, each of the herds had a BLV prevalence among adult cows of at least 20%. BLV milk-ELISA negative cows were randomly assigned to always receive a new single-use needle and new exam sleeve (intervention group). We also monitored and tested BLV milk-ELISA negative cows that received the standard management practice of needles and sleeves that were shared with ELISA-positive herd mates (controls). Cumulative incidence of new infections was determined by semiannual BLV milk-ELISA testing. The cumulative incidence of new BLV infections was not statistically different between the 2 groups. Medical hygiene to prevent bloodborne transmission is still recommended, but in these 3 herds, re-use of needles and sleeves did not appear to be a major route of BLV transmission.
{"title":"Single-use hypodermic needles and obstetric sleeves failed to reduce bovine leukemia virus transmission in three dairy herds","authors":"V. J. Ruggiero, P. Bartlett","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P128-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P128-133","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the utility of single-use hypodermic needles and reproductive examination sleeves in reducing the transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in dairy herds. Numerous epidemiological studies have identified re-use of needles and exam sleeves as significant risk factors for BLV, therefore adopting a practice of single-use needles and sleeves is a commonly suggested management change for reducing BLV transmission. We conducted a field trial on 3 midwestern commercial dairy herds that had not been employing single use of needles or sleeves as part of their herd health protocol. Additionally, each of the herds had a BLV prevalence among adult cows of at least 20%. BLV milk-ELISA negative cows were randomly assigned to always receive a new single-use needle and new exam sleeve (intervention group). We also monitored and tested BLV milk-ELISA negative cows that received the standard management practice of needles and sleeves that were shared with ELISA-positive herd mates (controls). Cumulative incidence of new infections was determined by semiannual BLV milk-ELISA testing. The cumulative incidence of new BLV infections was not statistically different between the 2 groups. Medical hygiene to prevent bloodborne transmission is still recommended, but in these 3 herds, re-use of needles and sleeves did not appear to be a major route of BLV transmission.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80659703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol53no2p160-165
M. Theurer, J. Fox, Travis M. McCarty, Ryan M. McCollum, Clyde D. Cranwell
Castration of bulls using high tension banding techniques is a common practice in commercial feedlots. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether splitting the scrotum at time of banding would impact performance and healing times in feedlot bulls. A total of 32 bulls from a single breeding operation were blocked by initial body weight and then randomly assigned to intact (n = 16) or split (n = 16) treatment groups. A Newberry knife was used to make a 3-inch (7.6 cm) side-to-side incision through the distal scrotum immediately after banding bulls in the split treatment group. Bulls in the intact group were banded, but no incision was made in the scrotum. Individual weights were collected on days 14, 28, and 56, and the scrotum was visually assessed at each weigh point. More (37.5%) scrotums were absent on day 28 (P=0.03), and ADG was improved at day 56 (P=0.06) in the split treatment group compared to intact treatment group. Follow up studies evaluating the inflammatory response, health, and performance outcomes are warranted to further evaluate the process of splitting the scrotum at the time of band castration.
{"title":"Effect of distal splitting the scrotum when banding feedlot bulls on performance outcomes and healing time","authors":"M. Theurer, J. Fox, Travis M. McCarty, Ryan M. McCollum, Clyde D. Cranwell","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol53no2p160-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol53no2p160-165","url":null,"abstract":"Castration of bulls using high tension banding techniques is a common practice in commercial feedlots. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether splitting the scrotum at time of banding would impact performance and healing times in feedlot bulls. A total of 32 bulls from a single breeding operation were blocked by initial body weight and then randomly assigned to intact (n = 16) or split (n = 16) treatment groups. A Newberry knife was used to make a 3-inch (7.6 cm) side-to-side incision through the distal scrotum immediately after banding bulls in the split treatment group. Bulls in the intact group were banded, but no incision was made in the scrotum. Individual weights were collected on days 14, 28, and 56, and the scrotum was visually assessed at each weigh point. More (37.5%) scrotums were absent on day 28 (P=0.03), and ADG was improved at day 56 (P=0.06) in the split treatment group compared to intact treatment group. Follow up studies evaluating the inflammatory response, health, and performance outcomes are warranted to further evaluate the process of splitting the scrotum at the time of band castration.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89261455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P150-159
J. Denis-Robichaud, R. Almeida, S. Ivey, R. Rodríguez, M. Payne, K. Leslie, M. Hockett
The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the operating characteristics of a commercial milk leukocyte differential (MLD) test to detect intramammary infections in quarters of late-lactation dairy cows as compared to bacteriological culture and 2) to evaluate the milk production and udder health parameters between cows treated following blanket vs selective dry cow therapy (DCT) using the MLD test results. In a first experiment, the MLD test was compared to the bacteriological culture results (gold standard) of 363 quarters from 94 cows. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for the identification of infection using the MLD test were determined. Sensitivity ranged from 44% to 77%, and specificity from 54% to 92%. In the second experiment blanket DCT was compared to selective DCT based on the results of MLD test, and treating only positive quarters; a total of 328 cows were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups. The proportion of quarters positive to bacteriological culture, and the incidence rate of moderate and severe cases of clinical mastitis events, did not differ between treatment groups. Results of these experiments provide information to support decision-making in a selective DCT program in low-SCC herds using the MLD test.
{"title":"Performance of a milk leukocyte differential test for decision-making in a selective dry cow therapy program","authors":"J. Denis-Robichaud, R. Almeida, S. Ivey, R. Rodríguez, M. Payne, K. Leslie, M. Hockett","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P150-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL53NO2P150-159","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the operating characteristics of a commercial milk leukocyte differential (MLD) test to detect intramammary infections in quarters of late-lactation dairy cows as compared to bacteriological culture and 2) to evaluate the milk production and udder health parameters between cows treated following blanket vs selective dry cow therapy (DCT) using the MLD test results. In a first experiment, the MLD test was compared to the bacteriological culture results (gold standard) of 363 quarters from 94 cows. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for the identification of infection using the MLD test were determined. Sensitivity ranged from 44% to 77%, and specificity from 54% to 92%. In the second experiment blanket DCT was compared to selective DCT based on the results of MLD test, and treating only positive quarters; a total of 328 cows were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups. The proportion of quarters positive to bacteriological culture, and the incidence rate of moderate and severe cases of clinical mastitis events, did not differ between treatment groups. Results of these experiments provide information to support decision-making in a selective DCT program in low-SCC herds using the MLD test.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90751700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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