Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p6-12
D. Step, R. Streeter, J. G. Kirkpatrick
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis causes a granulomatous enteritis in cattle that is commonly known as Johne's Disease or paratuberculosis. Young calves acquire the infection in utero or within the first few months of age by the fecal-oral route. Available diagnostic tests have limitations, but when used with appropriate management practices, a control/eradication program can be designed to meet the needs of the producer. Control programs are aimed at minimizing or eliminating exposure to the organism. There is no curative treatment for paratuberculosis.
{"title":"Johne's Disease Update","authors":"D. Step, R. Streeter, J. G. Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p6-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p6-12","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium paratuberculosis causes a granulomatous enteritis in cattle that is commonly known as Johne's Disease or paratuberculosis. Young calves acquire the infection in utero or within the first few months of age by the fecal-oral route. Available diagnostic tests have limitations, but when used with appropriate management practices, a control/eradication program can be designed to meet the needs of the producer. Control programs are aimed at minimizing or eliminating exposure to the organism. There is no curative treatment for paratuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84141718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p23-31
K. Leslie, A. Jackson, T. Duffield, I. Dohoo, L. DesCôteaux, E. Hovingh
A recent review of studies on the effect of parasite control programs on productivity of lactating dairy cattle has reported positive, but variable, results. A conjoint analysis survey was conducted, using dairy industry professionals and practicing veterinarians, to estimate the impact of various management strategies on the control of parasites on milk production in dairy herds. The results of the survey suggested positive associations of confinement housing systems, replacement heifer treatment programs and cow treatment programs with milk production. Spreading manure on pastures and not using a treatment program in heifers were determined to have the most important negative association with milk production. The survey responses also suggested that topical treatment for external parasites, and strategic use of endectocide products in the prepartum period, would have a positive effect on production. Areas of high priority for research on the association between parasites and productivity in dairy cattle would include the relative impact of whole herd versus strategic lactation cycle treatment programs.
{"title":"Survey of Selected Risk Factors and Therapeutic Strategies for Parasitism on Milk Production Response of Lactating Dairy Cattle","authors":"K. Leslie, A. Jackson, T. Duffield, I. Dohoo, L. DesCôteaux, E. Hovingh","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p23-31","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000A recent review of studies on the effect of parasite control programs on productivity of lactating dairy cattle has reported positive, but variable, results. A conjoint analysis survey was conducted, using dairy industry professionals and practicing veterinarians, to estimate the impact of various management strategies on the control of parasites on milk production in dairy herds. The results of the survey suggested positive associations of confinement housing systems, replacement heifer treatment programs and cow treatment programs with milk production. Spreading manure on pastures and not using a treatment program in heifers were determined to have the most important negative association with milk production. The survey responses also suggested that topical treatment for external parasites, and strategic use of endectocide products in the prepartum period, would have a positive effect on production. Areas of high priority for research on the association between parasites and productivity in dairy cattle would include the relative impact of whole herd versus strategic lactation cycle treatment programs.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol35no1p61-65
K. Emery, G. Oetzel
Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a neurologic condition in ruminants that can be caused by several dietary factors including water deprivation-sodium ion toxicosis, lead poisoning and high sulfur intake. Three month old calves on a 1500-cow dairy experienced neurologic problems during three separate episodes. The morbidity rate approached 75% each time. Based upon post-mortem examination, three of the affected calves were diagnosed with PEM. The history revealed a change in the formulation of the pelleted feed four days prior to the initial outbreak. Wet chemistry analysis of the pelleted feed revealed a sulfur content of0.56% (dry matter basis), which was considered to be the cause of the PEM outbreak.
{"title":"Case report","authors":"K. Emery, G. Oetzel","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol35no1p61-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol35no1p61-65","url":null,"abstract":"Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a neurologic condition in ruminants that can be caused by several dietary factors including water deprivation-sodium ion toxicosis, lead poisoning and high sulfur intake. Three month old calves on a 1500-cow dairy experienced neurologic problems during three separate episodes. The morbidity rate approached 75% each time. Based upon post-mortem examination, three of the affected calves were diagnosed with PEM. The history revealed a change in the formulation of the pelleted feed four days prior to the initial outbreak. Wet chemistry analysis of the pelleted feed revealed a sulfur content of0.56% (dry matter basis), which was considered to be the cause of the PEM outbreak.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86961187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p13-22
C. Kelling, D. Grotelueschen, David R. Smith, B. Brodersen
Elements of a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) biosecurity program, associated costs and benefits, and criteria veterinarians and producers can use in considering whether to adopt a program are described in this report. Protection against BVDV infections includes proper immunization, identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) carrier cattle, and prevention of exposure of cattle at risk to BVDV. The decision to implement a BVDV biosecurity program must be based on a herd-by-herd cost-benefit analysis. Costs include diagnostic testing as well as costs imposed by constraints on production practices, which are necessary to implement the program. Benefits include reduced disease loss, potential added value of replacement breeding animals which can be marketed as test-negative for PI infection, and pregnant females at low risk of carrying a PI fetus. Various herd-level diagnostic strategies have been devised to screen herds for the presence ofBVDV, identify and eliminate PI carrier cattle, or help prevent new exposure of the herd to BVDV. No universally applicable protocol exists for herd level BVDV biosecurity. The specific biosecurity methods used in each herd depend on the type of livestock production system involved. Important variables to consider are the number of animals in the herd, livestock concentration, distribution of animal groups, and desired level of biosecurity assurance. When BVDV virus is known to exist in a herd, control of new infections must take into account the possible presence of PI animals. A single PI animal can serve as the source of virus for a herd, and a stringent herd testing program may be required to identify and eliminate PI animals. Producers must understand the risks of re-exposure occurring in a BVDV-free herd and the importance of continuous management to prevent contact with cattle from other herds. In BVDV-free herds, it is essential to annually test and confirm the BVDV PI-free status of all calves born. Purchased animals should be isolated and tested before being added to the herd to avoid introduction of transiently infected animals. It is strongly recommended that bred heifers from outside sources not be added to the BVDV-free herd. Purchasing tested, non-pregnant replacement heifers is less risky than buying tested pregnant females. If tested, pregnant cattle are purchased, then the offspring must also be tested to confirm their BVDV PI-free status before introduction into the herd.
{"title":"Testing and Management Strategies for Effective Beef and Dairy Herd BVDV Biosecurity Programs","authors":"C. Kelling, D. Grotelueschen, David R. Smith, B. Brodersen","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol34no1p13-22","url":null,"abstract":"Elements of a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) biosecurity program, associated costs and benefits, and criteria veterinarians and producers can use in considering whether to adopt a program are described in this report. Protection against BVDV infections includes proper immunization, identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) carrier cattle, and prevention of exposure of cattle at risk to BVDV. The decision to implement a BVDV biosecurity program must be based on a herd-by-herd cost-benefit analysis. Costs include diagnostic testing as well as costs imposed by constraints on production practices, which are necessary to implement the program. Benefits include reduced disease loss, potential added value of replacement breeding animals which can be marketed as test-negative for PI infection, and pregnant females at low risk of carrying a PI fetus. Various herd-level diagnostic strategies have been devised to screen herds for the presence ofBVDV, identify and eliminate PI carrier cattle, or help prevent new exposure of the herd to BVDV. No universally applicable protocol exists for herd level BVDV biosecurity. The specific biosecurity methods used in each herd depend on the type of livestock production system involved. Important variables to consider are the number of animals in the herd, livestock concentration, distribution of animal groups, and desired level of biosecurity assurance. When BVDV virus is known to exist in a herd, control of new infections must take into account the possible presence of PI animals. A single PI animal can serve as the source of virus for a herd, and a stringent herd testing program may be required to identify and eliminate PI animals. Producers must understand the risks of re-exposure occurring in a BVDV-free herd and the importance of continuous management to prevent contact with cattle from other herds. In BVDV-free herds, it is essential to annually test and confirm the BVDV PI-free status of all calves born. Purchased animals should be isolated and tested before being added to the herd to avoid introduction of transiently infected animals. It is strongly recommended that bred heifers from outside sources not be added to the BVDV-free herd. Purchasing tested, non-pregnant replacement heifers is less risky than buying tested pregnant females. If tested, pregnant cattle are purchased, then the offspring must also be tested to confirm their BVDV PI-free status before introduction into the herd.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81870859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL1993NO27P187-189
R. Ariav, D. Damman, Kevin M. Johnson, Jennifer Reha
This report is the work of four senior veterinary students. Their assignment was to identify and prioritize the production problems on a dairy using the "Goal Form" from the Bovine Practitioner, No. 26, September 1991, pages 21 to 28.
{"title":"Problem Identification in a Dairy Herd","authors":"R. Ariav, D. Damman, Kevin M. Johnson, Jennifer Reha","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL1993NO27P187-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL1993NO27P187-189","url":null,"abstract":"This report is the work of four senior veterinary students. Their assignment was to identify and prioritize the production problems on a dairy using the \"Goal Form\" from the Bovine Practitioner, No. 26, September 1991, pages 21 to 28.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75682471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p145-150
O. Markusfeld
A comprehensive, mutual veterinary service is practiced in Israel under the nationwide Mutual Society for Cattle Insurance and Veterinary Services "Hachaklait". The package offered under contract includes emergency treatment, preventive and herd medicine, consulting services and supportive laboratory services. The routine by which the balance between individual cow and herd medicine, and that between the clinical and the supportive services are achieved is described in detail. Early professional treatment of all clinical diseases, discovery of diseases by routine tests and examinations, a regular presence on the farm and the use of "real time" diagnostic laboratories are the essence of the individual cow therapy. The value of following feeding plans, vaccination programs, and other preventive measures in optimization disease prevalence is stressed. The statistical and clinical epidemiological approach to herd problems is described and some of the problems associated with integrated herd health programs are discussed.
{"title":"Integrated Herd Health Programs in the Dairy Herd The Israeli Experience","authors":"O. Markusfeld","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p145-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p145-150","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive, mutual veterinary service is practiced in Israel under the nationwide Mutual Society for Cattle Insurance and Veterinary Services \"Hachaklait\". The package offered under contract includes emergency treatment, preventive and herd medicine, consulting services and supportive laboratory services. The routine by which the balance between individual cow and herd medicine, and that between the clinical and the supportive services are achieved is described in detail. Early professional treatment of all clinical diseases, discovery of diseases by routine tests and examinations, a regular presence on the farm and the use of \"real time\" diagnostic laboratories are the essence of the individual cow therapy. The value of following feeding plans, vaccination programs, and other preventive measures in optimization disease prevalence is stressed. The statistical and clinical epidemiological approach to herd problems is described and some of the problems associated with integrated herd health programs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78857744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p166-167
E. Daniels, N. Woollen, S. Fryda-Bradley, Jim Keen
{"title":"Salmonella Viability in Frozen Bovine Feces","authors":"E. Daniels, N. Woollen, S. Fryda-Bradley, Jim Keen","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p166-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p166-167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73459689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p185-186
B. Hartup
Brucellosis, or Bang's disease, caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus, is a potentially devastating cause of abortion and unthriftiness in cattle.
由流产布鲁氏菌引起的布鲁氏菌病是导致牛流产和不节俭的潜在毁灭性原因。
{"title":"Brucellosis in Bison","authors":"B. Hartup","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p185-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p185-186","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis, or Bang's disease, caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus, is a potentially devastating cause of abortion and unthriftiness in cattle.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82624444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p190-193
Michael P. Maroney, F. Hillery, Jeff Hookstead
This report is the work of three senior veterinary students. Their assignment was to identify and prioritize the production problems on a dairy using the "Goal Form" from the Bovine Practitioner, No. 26, September 1991, pages 21 to 28.
{"title":"Problem Identification in a Dairy Herd","authors":"Michael P. Maroney, F. Hillery, Jeff Hookstead","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p190-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p190-193","url":null,"abstract":"This report is the work of three senior veterinary students. Their assignment was to identify and prioritize the production problems on a dairy using the \"Goal Form\" from the Bovine Practitioner, No. 26, September 1991, pages 21 to 28.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79926640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p141-142
C. Callahan, L. A. Horstman
The objective of this study was to gather data on twinning in one Holstein herd.
本研究的目的是收集一个荷斯坦猪群的双胞胎数据。
{"title":"Some Characteristics of Twin Births in a Holstein Herd","authors":"C. Callahan, L. A. Horstman","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p141-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol1993no27p141-142","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to gather data on twinning in one Holstein herd.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89225954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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