Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p98-103
Gabryelle Gilliam, V. Fajt, S. Wagner, Bradley H. White, M. Apley
The objective of this study was to gather perceptions of gender bias and the factors that influence gender bias in bovine veterinary practice. A web-based survey regarding perceptions related to gender bias encountered in clinical practice settings was made available electronically to the members of the American Association of Bovine Practitio-ners. There were 207 survey respondents (99 women and 108 men), and the population was closely split between those graduating in 2000 or before (48.8%) and those graduating in 2001 or after (51.2%). Survey responses about those experiencing client or employer-generated gender bias in their current practice, and in the first year of practice, were categorized to binary (yes/no) from ordinal responses (0-10 scales). Logistic models were utilized to analyze potential associations between perceptions of client or employer-generated gender bias with relevant respondent factors including gender, year of graduation (categorized as <1990, 1990-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2017), pre-college community size (categorized as <1,000-5,000, 5,001-50,000, >50,000), post-college community size (cat-egorized as <1,000-5,000, 5,001-50,000, >50,000), food animal background (yes/no), practice activities (categorized as Exclusively Beef/Dairy; Mixed Practice, mostly beef/dairy, Mixed Practice, no beef/dairy), and if the respondent was the first of their gender in the practice (yes/no). Women graduating before 1990 were less likely to observe current client gender bias than those graduating in 2011-2017. Men were more similar throughout with those graduating before 1990 seeing slightly less current client gender bias than those graduating in 2011-2017. Graduation year was associated with increased risk of client gender bias over time, with those graduating before 1990 experiencing less client gender bias in the first year of practice than those graduating in 2011-2017. Women observed more client gender bias in the first year of practice compared to men. There were no significant associations with employer gender bias in their current practice, but employer gender bias in the first year of practice was found to be significantly associated with respondent gender. Men were roughly half as likely to observe employer gender bias in the first year of practice compared to women. Gender and graduation year were significantly associated with client and employer gender bias encountered in the current practice and in the first year of practice. The results support the conclusion that gender bias is encountered by our veterinary colleagues, with more bias perceived by more recently graduated women.
{"title":"Perceptions of gender bias among members of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners in bovine practice in the United States in 2018","authors":"Gabryelle Gilliam, V. Fajt, S. Wagner, Bradley H. White, M. Apley","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p98-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p98-103","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to gather perceptions of gender bias and the factors that influence gender bias in bovine veterinary practice. A web-based survey regarding perceptions related to gender bias encountered in clinical practice settings was made available electronically to the members of the American Association of Bovine Practitio-ners. There were 207 survey respondents (99 women and 108 men), and the population was closely split between those graduating in 2000 or before (48.8%) and those graduating in 2001 or after (51.2%). Survey responses about those experiencing client or employer-generated gender bias in their current practice, and in the first year of practice, were categorized to binary (yes/no) from ordinal responses (0-10 scales). Logistic models were utilized to analyze potential associations between perceptions of client or employer-generated gender bias with relevant respondent factors including gender, year of graduation (categorized as <1990, 1990-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2017), pre-college community size (categorized as <1,000-5,000, 5,001-50,000, >50,000), post-college community size (cat-egorized as <1,000-5,000, 5,001-50,000, >50,000), food animal background (yes/no), practice activities (categorized as Exclusively Beef/Dairy; Mixed Practice, mostly beef/dairy, Mixed Practice, no beef/dairy), and if the respondent was the first of their gender in the practice (yes/no). Women graduating before 1990 were less likely to observe current client gender bias than those graduating in 2011-2017. Men were more similar throughout with those graduating before 1990 seeing slightly less current client gender bias than those graduating in 2011-2017. Graduation year was associated with increased risk of client gender bias over time, with those graduating before 1990 experiencing less client gender bias in the first year of practice than those graduating in 2011-2017. Women observed more client gender bias in the first year of practice compared to men. There were no significant associations with employer gender bias in their current practice, but employer gender bias in the first year of practice was found to be significantly associated with respondent gender. Men were roughly half as likely to observe employer gender bias in the first year of practice compared to women. Gender and graduation year were significantly associated with client and employer gender bias encountered in the current practice and in the first year of practice. The results support the conclusion that gender bias is encountered by our veterinary colleagues, with more bias perceived by more recently graduated women. ","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80845530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p104-107
S. Fritz, S. Ensley, B. Njaa
Acute death of 1-month-old calves on pasture that were accidentally exposed to an oil/antifreeze mix were investigated. Clinical signs were not observed and necropsy findings were non-specific. Histological diagnosis of calcium oxalate nephrosis with concurrent tubulointerstitial suppurative nephritis was supported by culture. Ethylene glycol exposure was confirmed via analytical methods.
{"title":"Case report: Bovine ethylene glycol toxicosis","authors":"S. Fritz, S. Ensley, B. Njaa","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p104-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p104-107","url":null,"abstract":"Acute death of 1-month-old calves on pasture that were accidentally exposed to an oil/antifreeze mix were investigated. Clinical signs were not observed and necropsy findings were non-specific. Histological diagnosis of calcium oxalate nephrosis with concurrent tubulointerstitial suppurative nephritis was supported by culture. Ethylene glycol exposure was confirmed via analytical methods.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75559602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p89-97
V. Fajt, S. Wagner, M. Apley
The gender composition of food animal practice differsfrom other veterinary practice types, and women are relativelyunderrepresented in food animal practice. The reasonsare unknown, and a possible factor is gender bias. There areno reports specific to bovine practice concerning the extentor perception of gender bias. American Association of BovinePractitioners members in the US were invited to participatein an anonymous online survey regarding gender bias inbovine practice, and thematic analysis was performed on thefree text comments. There were 207 responses (99 womenand 108 men), which included over 1000 comment extractsthat were coded in the thematic analysis. The most commonthemes associated with gender differences in survey commentswere practices not wanting to hire women becauseof lack of strength or stamina, clients asking for the maleveterinarian, and pregnancy- or children-related issues. Theresults of this thematic analysis support the assertion thatgender bias exists in bovine practice in the US.
{"title":"Thematic analysis of comments from a survey on perceptions of gender bias among members of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners in bovine practice in the United States","authors":"V. Fajt, S. Wagner, M. Apley","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p89-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p89-97","url":null,"abstract":"The gender composition of food animal practice differsfrom other veterinary practice types, and women are relativelyunderrepresented in food animal practice. The reasonsare unknown, and a possible factor is gender bias. There areno reports specific to bovine practice concerning the extentor perception of gender bias. American Association of BovinePractitioners members in the US were invited to participatein an anonymous online survey regarding gender bias inbovine practice, and thematic analysis was performed on thefree text comments. There were 207 responses (99 womenand 108 men), which included over 1000 comment extractsthat were coded in the thematic analysis. The most commonthemes associated with gender differences in survey commentswere practices not wanting to hire women becauseof lack of strength or stamina, clients asking for the maleveterinarian, and pregnancy- or children-related issues. Theresults of this thematic analysis support the assertion thatgender bias exists in bovine practice in the US.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88613124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.21423/bovine-vol49no2p79-88
Fred C. Gingrich
Infectious bovine keeratoconjuctivitis (IBK) is the most important ocular disease of cattle. Prevention and control of the disease can prove challengin, and the list of potential etiologic agens has expanded in recent years. Little has been recently published characterizing IBK outbreaks at the herd level. This case series investigation was conducted to describe the disease characteristics and management practices in herds affected by IBK outbreaks in 1 practice area in West Virginia in 2019. Seven producers were interviewed: 6 cow-calf producers and 1 stocker producer. Prdocuers were asked questions pertaining to disease severity and management, such as herd health protocols and husbandry. In addition, organisms from each of the herds were identified by culture and/or PCR. Results revealed a range of disease incidence as well as similarities and differences in management practices among herds. The interpretability of results is limted due to small sample size and data colelction method; however, results suggest that some herds in the area where producers were interviewed experienced severe IBK outbreaks, and that some management practices relevant to IBK were similar between herds. Results also suggest that further study to identify poorly characterized IBK risk factors is warrented.
{"title":"A description of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks in West Virginia beef herds","authors":"Fred C. Gingrich","doi":"10.21423/bovine-vol49no2p79-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol49no2p79-88","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious bovine keeratoconjuctivitis (IBK) is the most important ocular disease of cattle. Prevention and control of the disease can prove challengin, and the list of potential etiologic agens has expanded in recent years. Little has been recently published characterizing IBK outbreaks at the herd level. This case series investigation was conducted to describe the disease characteristics and management practices in herds affected by IBK outbreaks in 1 practice area in West Virginia in 2019. Seven producers were interviewed: 6 cow-calf producers and 1 stocker producer. Prdocuers were asked questions pertaining to disease severity and management, such as herd health protocols and husbandry. In addition, organisms from each of the herds were identified by culture and/or PCR. Results revealed a range of disease incidence as well as similarities and differences in management practices among herds. The interpretability of results is limted due to small sample size and data colelction method; however, results suggest that some herds in the area where producers were interviewed experienced severe IBK outbreaks, and that some management practices relevant to IBK were similar between herds. Results also suggest that further study to identify poorly characterized IBK risk factors is warrented. ","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73648864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P20-25
Brianna A. Jordan, Jospeh W. Lozier, E. Parker, A. Niehaus, Madison R. Baker, J. Lakritz
Facilitated ankylosis (FA) is a procedure performed to treat septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) in ruminants. The aim of this procedure is to restore function to the affected digit, providing improved long-term positive outcome. This study describes the outcome of FA in 22 client-owned midwestern beef breeding bulls due to DIPJ sepsis between January 1, 2006 and July 31, 2018. Follow up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. Signalment, treatment history, diagnostic data, surgical data, postoperative treatment and complications, and long-term outcomes were recorded and described. Of the 22 beef bulls that underwent a FA, follow-up information was provided for 19. Fourteen of the 19 bulls were successfully used as breeders post-operatively. Increased age and weight were positively correlated with successful breeding long term. Forelimb vs hindlimb disease and laterality of digit affected did not significantly affect outcome. Overall, client satisfaction was high. In conclusion, beef bulls undergoing a FA of the DIPJ have a good prognosis for long-term breeding regardless of history and clinical presentation. FA should be considered for treatment of septic arthritis in beef bulls.
{"title":"Outcomes following facilitated ankylosis to treat septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in beef bulls","authors":"Brianna A. Jordan, Jospeh W. Lozier, E. Parker, A. Niehaus, Madison R. Baker, J. Lakritz","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P20-25","url":null,"abstract":"Facilitated ankylosis (FA) is a procedure performed to treat septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) in ruminants. The aim of this procedure is to restore function to the affected digit, providing improved long-term positive outcome. This study describes the outcome of FA in 22 client-owned midwestern beef breeding bulls due to DIPJ sepsis between January 1, 2006 and July 31, 2018. Follow up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. Signalment, treatment history, diagnostic data, surgical data, postoperative treatment and complications, and long-term outcomes were recorded and described. \u0000Of the 22 beef bulls that underwent a FA, follow-up information was provided for 19. Fourteen of the 19 bulls were successfully used as breeders post-operatively. Increased age and weight were positively correlated with successful breeding long term. Forelimb vs hindlimb disease and laterality of digit affected did not significantly affect outcome. Overall, client satisfaction was high. \u0000In conclusion, beef bulls undergoing a FA of the DIPJ have a good prognosis for long-term breeding regardless of history and clinical presentation. FA should be considered for treatment of septic arthritis in beef bulls.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P45-51
Kelsey M. Wirt, J. Young, G. Cramer, S. Wagner
Salicylic acid (SA) provides similar treatment efficacy to tetracycline-class antibiotic drugs for the treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows. No milk withholding time following SA treatment has been established in the United States. The objective of this study was to generate data about drug residues in milk following topical treatment of DD lesions with SA. Cows with active (M2 stage) DD lesions were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: salicylic acid paste, salicylic acid powder, or tetracycline powder. Lesions were photographed digitally and thermographically and scored using the M-stage scoring system before treatment and at 7 and 28 d post-treatment. Milk samples were collected before treatment and at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h afterward. Most cows did not have detectable salicylic acid in their milk more than 24 hours after treatment; however, 3 cows had detectable levels of SA at 36 hours post treatment. Treatments did not differ in their effects on DD lesions. These data suggest that milk from treated cows should not be used or sold for at least 48 hours following the topical treatment of DD lesions with salicylic acid.
{"title":"Topical salicylic acid treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cows","authors":"Kelsey M. Wirt, J. Young, G. Cramer, S. Wagner","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P45-51","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) provides similar treatment efficacy to tetracycline-class antibiotic drugs for the treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows. No milk withholding time following SA treatment has been established in the United States. The objective of this study was to generate data about drug residues in milk following topical treatment of DD lesions with SA. Cows with active (M2 stage) DD lesions were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: salicylic acid paste, salicylic acid powder, or tetracycline powder. Lesions were photographed digitally and thermographically and scored using the M-stage scoring system before treatment and at 7 and 28 d post-treatment. Milk samples were collected before treatment and at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h afterward. Most cows did not have detectable salicylic acid in their milk more than 24 hours after treatment; however, 3 cows had detectable levels of SA at 36 hours post treatment. Treatments did not differ in their effects on DD lesions. These data suggest that milk from treated cows should not be used or sold for at least 48 hours following the topical treatment of DD lesions with salicylic acid.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82792338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P65-77
L. M. Horton, B. Depenbusch, D. Pendell, D. Renter
Our objectives were to describe revenue received for feedlot cattle culled for slaughter and associations with reported weekly prices from US beef markets. Observational data on feedlot culls (N = 2,992) were collected from 4 Kansas feedlots over 2 years (2018 to 2020). Weekly prices from various US beef markets were used to evaluate correlations with prices received for culled animals. Descriptive statistics, and linear and generalized linear mixed models, were used to evaluate characteristics of feedlot culls. Musculoskeletal/trauma (49.7%) and respiratory disease (40.9%) were the most common reasons for culling. Culls returned revenue 98.1% of the time; those culled for respiratory disease or “other” reasons returned revenue significantly less frequently (96.7 or 96.3%, respectively) than those culled for musculoskeletal/trauma (99.1%). Mean revenue received [± 95% CI] was 434.81 [427.22 to 442.40] $/animal (culls returning no revenue included); and mean carcass price was 87.40 [86.70 to 88.10] $/hundredweight. Revenue was significantly correlated with several market indices, but most correlations were relatively weak. In this population, national cull cow (Breaker [75% lean]; over 500 lb [227 kg]) prices appeared to be the overall best indicator of feedlot cull prices, with feedlot cull carcasses averaging 74.6% of the weekly cull cow carcass price.
{"title":"Description of feedlot animals culled for slaughter, revenue received, and associations with reported US beef market prices","authors":"L. M. Horton, B. Depenbusch, D. Pendell, D. Renter","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P65-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P65-77","url":null,"abstract":"Our objectives were to describe revenue received for feedlot cattle culled for slaughter and associations with reported weekly prices from US beef markets. Observational data on feedlot culls (N = 2,992) were collected from 4 Kansas feedlots over 2 years (2018 to 2020). Weekly prices from various US beef markets were used to evaluate correlations with prices received for culled animals. Descriptive statistics, and linear and generalized linear mixed models, were used to evaluate characteristics of feedlot culls. Musculoskeletal/trauma (49.7%) and respiratory disease (40.9%) were the most common reasons for culling. Culls returned revenue 98.1% of the time; those culled for respiratory disease or “other” reasons returned revenue significantly less frequently (96.7 or 96.3%, respectively) than those culled for musculoskeletal/trauma (99.1%). Mean revenue received [± 95% CI] was 434.81 [427.22 to 442.40] $/animal (culls returning no revenue included); and mean carcass price was 87.40 [86.70 to 88.10] $/hundredweight. Revenue was significantly correlated with several market indices, but most correlations were relatively weak. In this population, national cull cow (Breaker [75% lean]; over 500 lb [227 kg]) prices appeared to be the overall best indicator of feedlot cull prices, with feedlot cull carcasses averaging 74.6% of the weekly cull cow carcass price.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86130139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P57-64
J. Funk, G. Dewell, B. Meyer, T. Engelken
A cohort study was conducted in a population ofcrossbred feeder steers to assess the relationship betweenWhisper® lung scores taken at feedlot arrival and subsequent health and performance. The primary outcome of interest was average daily gain. Other feeding performance outcomes included feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, marbling score, fat thickness, and ribeye area. Health performance outcomes included treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD), death due to BRD, being diagnosed with chronic BRD, and dying after treatment for BRD. The only significant association between arrival lung score (ALS) and feeding performance was improvement in feed efficiency for those calves with an ALS of 4 (p = 0.02) or 5 (p = 0.005), where feed efficiency was determined by backcalculation using individual carcass weight and yield obtained at harvest. There was a significant increase in the odds ratio for treatment for BRD for calves with an ALS of 5 (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.57, p = 0.005), as well as a significant increase in the odds ratio for death due to BRD for calves with an ALS of 4 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13, p = 0.02). This study demonstrates that higher ALS may be associated with increased risk of treatment for BRD and death due to BRD along with improved feed efficiency, but further research is warranted.
在一群杂交饲养牛中进行了一项队列研究，以评估在饲养场到达时进行的whisper®肺部评分与随后的健康和表现之间的关系。主要关注的结果是平均日增重。其他饲养性能指标包括饲料效率、热胴体重、屠宰率、大理石纹评分、脂肪厚度和肋眼面积。健康绩效结果包括对牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)的治疗、因BRD而死亡、被诊断为慢性BRD以及在BRD治疗后死亡。到达肺评分(ALS)与饲养性能之间的唯一显著关联是ALS为4 (p = 0.02)或5 (p = 0.005)的犊牛饲料效率的提高，其中饲料效率是通过使用收获时的胴体重和产量反算确定的。ALS为5岁的小牛接受BRD治疗的优势比显著增加(OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.57, p = 0.005)， ALS为4岁的小牛因BRD死亡的优势比显著增加(OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13, p = 0.02)。该研究表明，ALS的升高可能与BRD治疗风险的增加和BRD导致的死亡风险以及饲料效率的提高有关，但需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"association between Whisper® lung scores and feedlot performance in crossbred steer calves","authors":"J. Funk, G. Dewell, B. Meyer, T. Engelken","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P57-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P57-64","url":null,"abstract":"A cohort study was conducted in a population ofcrossbred feeder steers to assess the relationship betweenWhisper® lung scores taken at feedlot arrival and subsequent health and performance. The primary outcome of interest was average daily gain. Other feeding performance outcomes included feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, marbling score, fat thickness, and ribeye area. Health performance outcomes included treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD), death due to BRD, being diagnosed with chronic BRD, and dying after treatment for BRD. The only significant association between arrival lung score (ALS) and feeding performance was improvement in feed efficiency for those calves with an ALS of 4 (p = 0.02) or 5 (p = 0.005), where feed efficiency was determined by backcalculation using individual carcass weight and yield obtained at harvest. There was a significant increase in the odds ratio for treatment for BRD for calves with an ALS of 5 (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.57, p = 0.005), as well as a significant increase in the odds ratio for death due to BRD for calves with an ALS of 4 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13, p = 0.02). This study demonstrates that higher ALS may be associated with increased risk of treatment for BRD and death due to BRD along with improved feed efficiency, but further research is warranted.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88108111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P13-19
Aleksandar Mašić, Brian Sobecki, S. Mahan, Chad S. Brice, S. Mattern, T. Meinert, I. Correas, V. Moulin, J. Ellis
Efficacy of attenuated (att) bovine respiratory syncytial virus (attBRSV) as an antigen fraction in a multivalent 6-way vaccine containing modified-live virus and an inactivated Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid was given as a single subcutaneous injection, and evaluated by an aerosol challenge by nebulization in young calves with virulent BRSV strain 21 d after vaccination. A total of 32 Holstein calves, seronegative to BRSV and 60 days-of-age at the time of vaccination, were used in the study. Calves were allocated to 2 treatment groups with 16 animals per group, and received either a single dose of a modified-live bovine herpes virus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine + M. haemolytica bacterin-toxoid, or corresponding placebo formulation without targeted BRSV antigen. Administration of the 6-way vaccine containing BRSV fraction induced significantly higher virus-neutralizing antibody (p=0.0003) and anti-BRSV IgG titers (p=0.0006) in vaccinated animals compared to the placebo group. Consequently, BRSV-vaccinated calves had significantly (p<0.0001) higher arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2), significantly (p<0.0001) lower percentage of lung lesions, and significantly reduced mortality rate (p<0.0001) than did placebo vaccinated calves subsequent to BRSV challenge. Furthermore, there was a 61.2% reduction in virus shedding and duration of shedding (p<0.0001), indicating strong vaccine efficacy.
{"title":"Efficacy of a combination modified-live IBR-BVD-PI3- BRSV vaccine + Mannheimia haemolytica toxoid against challenge with virulent bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in young calves 60 days of age","authors":"Aleksandar Mašić, Brian Sobecki, S. Mahan, Chad S. Brice, S. Mattern, T. Meinert, I. Correas, V. Moulin, J. Ellis","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P13-19","url":null,"abstract":"Efficacy of attenuated (att) bovine respiratory syncytial virus (attBRSV) as an antigen fraction in a multivalent 6-way vaccine containing modified-live virus and an inactivated Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid was given as a single subcutaneous injection, and evaluated by an aerosol challenge by nebulization in young calves with virulent BRSV strain 21 d after vaccination. A total of 32 Holstein calves, seronegative to BRSV and 60 days-of-age at the time of vaccination, were used in the study. Calves were allocated to 2 treatment groups with 16 animals per group, and received either a single dose of a modified-live bovine herpes virus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine + M. haemolytica bacterin-toxoid, or corresponding placebo formulation without targeted BRSV antigen. Administration of the 6-way vaccine containing BRSV fraction induced significantly higher virus-neutralizing antibody (p=0.0003) and anti-BRSV IgG titers (p=0.0006) in vaccinated animals compared to the placebo group. Consequently, BRSV-vaccinated calves had significantly (p<0.0001) higher arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2), significantly (p<0.0001) lower percentage of lung lesions, and significantly reduced mortality rate (p<0.0001) than did placebo vaccinated calves subsequent to BRSV challenge. Furthermore, there was a 61.2% reduction in virus shedding and duration of shedding (p<0.0001), indicating strong vaccine efficacy.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75822422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P37-44
W. I. Jumper, C. Huston, R. W. Wills, D. R. Wills
The objective of this study was to describe veterinary involvement in management decisions on Mississippi cowcalf operations. Anonymous surveys were mailed to 1,275 members of the Mississippi Cattlemen’s Association. Multivariable logistic regression using manual forward variable selection was used to test demographic and management factors for association with veterinary involvement outcomes. Significance was defined at alpha=0.05. Three-hundred eight surveys (24%) were returned, with 292 (95%) respondents being active in cow-calf production. Fifty-three (18%) of 289 respondents were located in a county contained in a rural area food animal medicine shortage area designated by the USDA-NIFA in 2020. One-hundred seventeen of 285 (41%) indicated regular veterinary involvement in management decisions on their operation. Of these 117, 56 (48%) said their veterinarian uses their cattle health and production records to provide management recommendations. Seventy-five (27%) of 283 respondents indicated they would consider paying their veterinarian to provide cattle health and production record management services. Factors associated with regular veterinary involvement in management decisions on cow-calf operations were regularly recording of antibiotic treatments (OR=3.2) and herd size (50-99 head: OR= 1.6; ≥100 head: OR=2.5, compared to 1-49 head). Opportunity exists for veterinarians to be more involved in management decisions on Mississippi cow-calf operations.
{"title":"Survey of veterinary involvement in management decisions on Mississippi cow-calf operations","authors":"W. I. Jumper, C. Huston, R. W. Wills, D. R. Wills","doi":"10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21423/BOVINE-VOL55NO1P37-44","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to describe veterinary involvement in management decisions on Mississippi cowcalf operations. Anonymous surveys were mailed to 1,275 members of the Mississippi Cattlemen’s Association. Multivariable logistic regression using manual forward variable selection was used to test demographic and management factors for association with veterinary involvement outcomes. Significance was defined at alpha=0.05. Three-hundred eight surveys (24%) were returned, with 292 (95%) respondents being active in cow-calf production. Fifty-three (18%) of 289 respondents were located in a county contained in a rural area food animal medicine shortage area designated by the USDA-NIFA in 2020. One-hundred seventeen of 285 (41%) indicated regular veterinary involvement in management decisions on their operation. Of these 117, 56 (48%) said their veterinarian uses their cattle health and production records to provide management recommendations. Seventy-five (27%) of 283 respondents indicated they would consider paying their veterinarian to provide cattle health and production record management services. Factors associated with regular veterinary involvement in management decisions on cow-calf operations were regularly recording of antibiotic treatments (OR=3.2) and herd size (50-99 head: OR= 1.6; ≥100 head: OR=2.5, compared to 1-49 head). Opportunity exists for veterinarians to be more involved in management decisions on Mississippi cow-calf operations.","PeriodicalId":22281,"journal":{"name":"The Bovine practitioner","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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