Distribution centers play a critical role in maintaining supply chains efficiency, flexibility, and reliability. Given the limited financial and physical resources of today's businesses, distribution enterprises have be-gun to embrace the far-reaching value of lean paradigm. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is prescribed as a part of lean implementation portfolio of tools. It is employed to visually map value streams' material and information flows seeking to identify the sources of waste and non-value added activities. Integrating simulation with VSM introduces a whole new dimension for lean implementation and assessment processes given its ability to dynamically model systems complexity and uncertainty. This paper shows a value stream mapping-based simulation framework that is used to assess two basic lean distribution practices, pull replenishment and class-based storage policy, of a tire distribution company.
{"title":"Lean distribution assessment using an integrated framework of value stream mapping and simulation","authors":"A. Mahfouz, A. Arisha","doi":"10.21427/D7W20Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7W20Z","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution centers play a critical role in maintaining supply chains efficiency, flexibility, and reliability. Given the limited financial and physical resources of today's businesses, distribution enterprises have be-gun to embrace the far-reaching value of lean paradigm. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is prescribed as a part of lean implementation portfolio of tools. It is employed to visually map value streams' material and information flows seeking to identify the sources of waste and non-value added activities. Integrating simulation with VSM introduces a whole new dimension for lean implementation and assessment processes given its ability to dynamically model systems complexity and uncertainty. This paper shows a value stream mapping-based simulation framework that is used to assess two basic lean distribution practices, pull replenishment and class-based storage policy, of a tire distribution company.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116406929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721647
Christopher W. Weimer, J.O. Miller, Mark Friend, Janet Miller
Agent-based models (ABM) have been used successfully in the field of generative social science to discover parsimonious sets of factors that generate social behavior. This methodology provides an avenue to explore the spread of anti-government sentiment in populations and to compare the effects of potential Military Information Support Operations (MISO) actions. We develop an ABM to investigate factors that affect the growth of rebel uprisings in a notional population. Our ABM expands the civil violence model developed by Epstein by enabling communication between agents through a genetic algorithm and by adding the ability of agents to form friendships based on shared beliefs. We examine the distribution of opinion and size of sub-populations of rebel and imprisoned civilians, and compare two counter-propaganda strategies. Analysis identifies several factors with effects that can explain some real-world observations, and provides a methodology for MISO operators to compare the effectiveness of potential actions.
{"title":"Forecasting effects of MISO actions: An ABM methodology","authors":"Christopher W. Weimer, J.O. Miller, Mark Friend, Janet Miller","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721647","url":null,"abstract":"Agent-based models (ABM) have been used successfully in the field of generative social science to discover parsimonious sets of factors that generate social behavior. This methodology provides an avenue to explore the spread of anti-government sentiment in populations and to compare the effects of potential Military Information Support Operations (MISO) actions. We develop an ABM to investigate factors that affect the growth of rebel uprisings in a notional population. Our ABM expands the civil violence model developed by Epstein by enabling communication between agents through a genetic algorithm and by adding the ability of agents to form friendships based on shared beliefs. We examine the distribution of opinion and size of sub-populations of rebel and imprisoned civilians, and compare two counter-propaganda strategies. Analysis identifies several factors with effects that can explain some real-world observations, and provides a methodology for MISO operators to compare the effectiveness of potential actions.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721698
F. Barahona, M. Ettl, Marek Petrik, Peter M. Rimshnick
Catastrophic events such as hurricanes, earthquakes or floods require emergency responders to rapidly distribute emergency relief supplies to protect the health and lives of victims. In this paper we develop a simulation and optimization framework for managing the logistics of distributing relief supplies in a multi-tier supply network. The simulation model captures optimized stocking of relief supplies, distribution operations at federal or state-operated staging facilities, demand uncertainty, and the dynamic progression of disaster response operations. We apply robust optimization techniques to develop optimized stocking policies and dispatch of relief supplies between staging facilities and points of distribution. The simulation framework accommodates a wide range of disaster scenarios and stressors, and helps assess the efficacy of response plans and policies for better disaster response.
{"title":"Agile logistics simulation and optimization for managing disaster responses","authors":"F. Barahona, M. Ettl, Marek Petrik, Peter M. Rimshnick","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721698","url":null,"abstract":"Catastrophic events such as hurricanes, earthquakes or floods require emergency responders to rapidly distribute emergency relief supplies to protect the health and lives of victims. In this paper we develop a simulation and optimization framework for managing the logistics of distributing relief supplies in a multi-tier supply network. The simulation model captures optimized stocking of relief supplies, distribution operations at federal or state-operated staging facilities, demand uncertainty, and the dynamic progression of disaster response operations. We apply robust optimization techniques to develop optimized stocking policies and dispatch of relief supplies between staging facilities and points of distribution. The simulation framework accommodates a wide range of disaster scenarios and stressors, and helps assess the efficacy of response plans and policies for better disaster response.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129671827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721476
K. Nagaraj, R. Pasupathy
R-SPLINE is a recently proposed competitor to the popular COMPASS algorithm for solving local integer-ordered simulation optimization problems that have either an unconstrained or a deterministically-constrained feasible region. R-SPLINE is a refined sample-average approximation algorithm with a structure that is particularly conducive to the inclusion of stochastic constraints. In this paper we consider one such trivial adaptation of R-SPLINE. Our aim is narrow in that we wish only to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the resulting iterates. Accordingly, we demonstrate sufficient conditions under which the proposed adaptation's iterates match the consistency and convergence rate qualities of the iterates from the originally proposed R-SPLINE. Ongoing numerical experiments show much promise but raise important questions about the choice of algorithm parameters when the adaptation is executed on problems where one or more of the constraints are binding.
{"title":"R-SPLINE for local integer-ordered simulation optimization problems with stochastic constraints","authors":"K. Nagaraj, R. Pasupathy","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721476","url":null,"abstract":"R-SPLINE is a recently proposed competitor to the popular COMPASS algorithm for solving local integer-ordered simulation optimization problems that have either an unconstrained or a deterministically-constrained feasible region. R-SPLINE is a refined sample-average approximation algorithm with a structure that is particularly conducive to the inclusion of stochastic constraints. In this paper we consider one such trivial adaptation of R-SPLINE. Our aim is narrow in that we wish only to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the resulting iterates. Accordingly, we demonstrate sufficient conditions under which the proposed adaptation's iterates match the consistency and convergence rate qualities of the iterates from the originally proposed R-SPLINE. Ongoing numerical experiments show much promise but raise important questions about the choice of algorithm parameters when the adaptation is executed on problems where one or more of the constraints are binding.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127162763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721606
Bruno Mocarzel, David Shelton, Berkcan Uyan, Eduardo Pérez, J. Jimenez, Lenore DePagter
Tactical planning of resources in healthcare clinics concerns elective patient admission planning and the intermediate term allocation of resource capacities. Its main objectives are to achieve equitable access for patients, to serve the strategically agreed number of patients, and to use resources efficiently. In this paper, we describe a simulation model for an outpatient healthcare clinic facing multiple issues related to patient admission and resource workflow. The main problems identified at the clinic are: 1) phones are not answered promptly and 2) patients experience long wait time to check in and check out. The simulation model focuses on the front desk operations. We investigate different resource allocation policies and report on computational results based on a real clinic, historical data, and both patient and management performance measures.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of patient admission services in a multi-specialty outpatient clinic","authors":"Bruno Mocarzel, David Shelton, Berkcan Uyan, Eduardo Pérez, J. Jimenez, Lenore DePagter","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721606","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical planning of resources in healthcare clinics concerns elective patient admission planning and the intermediate term allocation of resource capacities. Its main objectives are to achieve equitable access for patients, to serve the strategically agreed number of patients, and to use resources efficiently. In this paper, we describe a simulation model for an outpatient healthcare clinic facing multiple issues related to patient admission and resource workflow. The main problems identified at the clinic are: 1) phones are not answered promptly and 2) patients experience long wait time to check in and check out. The simulation model focuses on the front desk operations. We investigate different resource allocation policies and report on computational results based on a real clinic, historical data, and both patient and management performance measures.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130529213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721613
B. Mielczarek
The level of demand for hospital emergency services is closely connected to the demographic characteristics of a region's population. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of changes in population size and structure on the volume of emergency service needs exhibited by patients arriving at hospital emergency departments in the area. The Monte Carlo simulation model examines demographic trends at the regional level, formulates forecasts for population changes, and extrapolates the simulated patterns of the demand for acute services. The model includes data on the population in 9 districts that surround Wrocław, the capital of Lower Silesia (Poland) and data on acute visits to emergency departments located in the region. Our analysis suggests that two age groups, i.e., children aged 0-4 and elderly people aged 60 and over, are responsible for a large share of the changes in the demand level.
{"title":"Estimating future demand for hospital emergency services at the regional level","authors":"B. Mielczarek","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721613","url":null,"abstract":"The level of demand for hospital emergency services is closely connected to the demographic characteristics of a region's population. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of changes in population size and structure on the volume of emergency service needs exhibited by patients arriving at hospital emergency departments in the area. The Monte Carlo simulation model examines demographic trends at the regional level, formulates forecasts for population changes, and extrapolates the simulated patterns of the demand for acute services. The model includes data on the population in 9 districts that surround Wrocław, the capital of Lower Silesia (Poland) and data on acute visits to emergency departments located in the region. Our analysis suggests that two age groups, i.e., children aged 0-4 and elderly people aged 60 and over, are responsible for a large share of the changes in the demand level.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130623369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721691
G. Lucko, Amlan Mukherjee
Temporal perspectives play a vital role in shaping narratives. Such perspectives include models of time that support the practice of construction management. Although formal representations of time are rarely noticed, they strongly influence the variables and relationships that can be encoded in process models. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the distinct ways in which the time can be formalized and how they impact the understanding of project performance and productivity. It explores existing and new temporal representations on how they contribute to improving reasoning capabilities in construction processes. Existing models differ by whether they use time points or intervals to represent activities (e.g. activity-on-node networks versus Gantt bar charts) and how clearly they communicate changes during execution. While traditional approaches exhibit shortcomings, singularity functions have significant potential for further development and could benefit from conceptual integration with situational simulation toward a powerful and integrated temporal modeling scheme.
{"title":"Temporal perspectives in construction simulation modeling","authors":"G. Lucko, Amlan Mukherjee","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721691","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal perspectives play a vital role in shaping narratives. Such perspectives include models of time that support the practice of construction management. Although formal representations of time are rarely noticed, they strongly influence the variables and relationships that can be encoded in process models. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the distinct ways in which the time can be formalized and how they impact the understanding of project performance and productivity. It explores existing and new temporal representations on how they contribute to improving reasoning capabilities in construction processes. Existing models differ by whether they use time points or intervals to represent activities (e.g. activity-on-node networks versus Gantt bar charts) and how clearly they communicate changes during execution. While traditional approaches exhibit shortcomings, singularity functions have significant potential for further development and could benefit from conceptual integration with situational simulation toward a powerful and integrated temporal modeling scheme.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132395378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721501
H. Sarjoughian, Soroosh Gholami, T. Jackson
For certain class of problems notably in cyber-physical systems it is necessary for simulations to be indistinguishable from computational-physical systems with which they interact. Hard real-time simulation offers controlled timing which lends it to be composed with systems operating in physical-time. Accurate real-time simulation equipped with distinct input/output modularity for simulation and software systems is proposed. To demonstrate this approach, a new model for composing ALRT-DEVS (a hard real-time simulation platform) with computational-physical systems is proposed. It provides an abstract communication model for hard real-time simulation and software systems to interact. Experiments are developed where a simulated control switch model (with single and multiple inputs and outputs) operates independent mechanical relays. In another experiment, the control switch commands are communicated with software capable of operating simulated and mechanical relays in real-time. In this setting, simulated software, physical, or computational-physical systems may be interchanged with their actual counterparts.
{"title":"Interacting real-time simulation models and reactive computational-physical systems","authors":"H. Sarjoughian, Soroosh Gholami, T. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721501","url":null,"abstract":"For certain class of problems notably in cyber-physical systems it is necessary for simulations to be indistinguishable from computational-physical systems with which they interact. Hard real-time simulation offers controlled timing which lends it to be composed with systems operating in physical-time. Accurate real-time simulation equipped with distinct input/output modularity for simulation and software systems is proposed. To demonstrate this approach, a new model for composing ALRT-DEVS (a hard real-time simulation platform) with computational-physical systems is proposed. It provides an abstract communication model for hard real-time simulation and software systems to interact. Experiments are developed where a simulated control switch model (with single and multiple inputs and outputs) operates independent mechanical relays. In another experiment, the control switch commands are communicated with software capable of operating simulated and mechanical relays in real-time. In this setting, simulated software, physical, or computational-physical systems may be interchanged with their actual counterparts.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132684667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721565
K. Jespersen
The early stage of open innovation diffusion also hinders the use of traditional research methods in business economics. A suitable research method though relatively new in business management research is agent-based modeled simulations (ABMS). The aim of the paper is therefore also to develop an open innovation ABMS to explore the relative effects of innovation openness and initial capability endowment on firm innovation economics in a competitive context. In this respect the ABMS is applied as a data generating methodology of organizational behavior and industry dynamics. The ABMS acts as a combination of digital role play and experimental design. It is found that design and use of ABMS contribute to enlargement and testing of the usefulness and applicability of ABMS in social science.
{"title":"Forecasting economic performance of implemented innovation openness","authors":"K. Jespersen","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721565","url":null,"abstract":"The early stage of open innovation diffusion also hinders the use of traditional research methods in business economics. A suitable research method though relatively new in business management research is agent-based modeled simulations (ABMS). The aim of the paper is therefore also to develop an open innovation ABMS to explore the relative effects of innovation openness and initial capability endowment on firm innovation economics in a competitive context. In this respect the ABMS is applied as a data generating methodology of organizational behavior and industry dynamics. The ABMS acts as a combination of digital role play and experimental design. It is found that design and use of ABMS contribute to enlargement and testing of the usefulness and applicability of ABMS in social science.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-08DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2013.6721644
C. E. Onyeocha, Joseph Khoury, J. Geraghty
Managing demand variability is a challenging task in manufacturing environments. Organizations that implemented Kanban-Like Production Control Strategies (PCS) especially in a multi-product manufacturing environment (MPME) plan a large volume of production authorization cards (PAC) to respond to demand variability. The issue associated with high PAC for each part-type in a MPME is proliferation of Work-In-Process (WIP). Shared Kanban Allocation Policy (S-KAP) was recently proposed in the literature to allow various part-types to share PAC. An advantages of this, is that when there is a corresponding shift in demand within part-types in a MPME, the system quickly responds by allocating PAC accordingly to part-types without recourse to re-planning/re-scheduling of PAC. This paper investigates the performance of a newly developed Basestock-Kanban-CONWIP (BK-CONWIP) Control Strategy in a four-product-five-stage manufacturing system with erratic demand. Simulation based optimization was used and it is shown that BK-CONWIP operating S-KAP will outperform other Kanban-Like PCS.
{"title":"A comparison of Kanban-Like control strategies in a multi-product manufacturing system under erratic demand","authors":"C. E. Onyeocha, Joseph Khoury, J. Geraghty","doi":"10.1109/WSC.2013.6721644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721644","url":null,"abstract":"Managing demand variability is a challenging task in manufacturing environments. Organizations that implemented Kanban-Like Production Control Strategies (PCS) especially in a multi-product manufacturing environment (MPME) plan a large volume of production authorization cards (PAC) to respond to demand variability. The issue associated with high PAC for each part-type in a MPME is proliferation of Work-In-Process (WIP). Shared Kanban Allocation Policy (S-KAP) was recently proposed in the literature to allow various part-types to share PAC. An advantages of this, is that when there is a corresponding shift in demand within part-types in a MPME, the system quickly responds by allocating PAC accordingly to part-types without recourse to re-planning/re-scheduling of PAC. This paper investigates the performance of a newly developed Basestock-Kanban-CONWIP (BK-CONWIP) Control Strategy in a four-product-five-stage manufacturing system with erratic demand. Simulation based optimization was used and it is shown that BK-CONWIP operating S-KAP will outperform other Kanban-Like PCS.","PeriodicalId":223717,"journal":{"name":"2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123147645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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