Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3115
Debasish Das, A. Banerjee, Tutan Das, S. Singh, J. Gupta, Subhash R. Pramanik
Dilated cardiomyopathy, when diagnosed in infancy, poses an array of difficulties from reaching an etiological diagnosis to prognosticating the long-term outcome. Here, we report a case of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a 6-month-old child who responded well to beta-blocker (Carvedilol) in optimum dosage and revealed favorable cardiac remodeling over 6 months with substantial improvement in ejection fraction (EF) (EF of 22–44%) with significant amelioration of child’s symptoms. Our case has a unique message that while treating idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in infancy, optimized use of the beta-blockers is most often the only way to clear the foggy road of idiopathic DCM and obtain a favorable outcome.
{"title":"Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy as cor bovinum in infancy: “A foggy road in winter”","authors":"Debasish Das, A. Banerjee, Tutan Das, S. Singh, J. Gupta, Subhash R. Pramanik","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3115","url":null,"abstract":"Dilated cardiomyopathy, when diagnosed in infancy, poses an array of difficulties from reaching an etiological diagnosis to prognosticating the long-term outcome. Here, we report a case of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a 6-month-old child who responded well to beta-blocker (Carvedilol) in optimum dosage and revealed favorable cardiac remodeling over 6 months with substantial improvement in ejection fraction (EF) (EF of 22–44%) with significant amelioration of child’s symptoms. Our case has a unique message that while treating idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in infancy, optimized use of the beta-blockers is most often the only way to clear the foggy road of idiopathic DCM and obtain a favorable outcome.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82071083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3110
Raksha Kottakki, S. Rudrappa, Pratibha Manjunath Patagar
Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is considered to be a rare, yet serious complication of coronavirus disease 2019, where there is immune dysregulation related to past infection with the virus. It is an inflammatory syndrome affecting multiple systems with varied manifestations including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, renal, hepatobiliary, and dermatological symptoms. Aim: Current study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory profile of MIS-C. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 40 hospitalized children who were diagnosed as MIS-C and studied over a 12-month period from June 2020 to May 2021 at Cheluvamba Hospital in a tertiary care center attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute Mysuru, Karnataka. Results: Out of the 40 children studied, all fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of MIS-C. The most common symptom was fever (100%), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (90%). The next most common system involved in our study was cardiovascular system (52.5%). The most common laboratory findings included elevated inflammatory markers (100%). Furthermore, there was high incidence of hematological alterations, in the form of anemia (62.5%), thrombocytopenia (57.5%), and neutrophilia (27.5%). About 33.3% cases had echocardiography abnormalities. All patients received intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. There were six deaths (15%) in our study and the remaining cases had good immediate outcome. Conclusion: Early recognition and prompt medical attention are necessary for a favorable outcome in MIS-C. However, there is scarcity of data regarding its long-term outcome.
{"title":"Clinical and laboratory profile of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, Mysuru","authors":"Raksha Kottakki, S. Rudrappa, Pratibha Manjunath Patagar","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is considered to be a rare, yet serious complication of coronavirus disease 2019, where there is immune dysregulation related to past infection with the virus. It is an inflammatory syndrome affecting multiple systems with varied manifestations including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, renal, hepatobiliary, and dermatological symptoms. Aim: Current study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory profile of MIS-C. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 40 hospitalized children who were diagnosed as MIS-C and studied over a 12-month period from June 2020 to May 2021 at Cheluvamba Hospital in a tertiary care center attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute Mysuru, Karnataka. Results: Out of the 40 children studied, all fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of MIS-C. The most common symptom was fever (100%), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (90%). The next most common system involved in our study was cardiovascular system (52.5%). The most common laboratory findings included elevated inflammatory markers (100%). Furthermore, there was high incidence of hematological alterations, in the form of anemia (62.5%), thrombocytopenia (57.5%), and neutrophilia (27.5%). About 33.3% cases had echocardiography abnormalities. All patients received intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. There were six deaths (15%) in our study and the remaining cases had good immediate outcome. Conclusion: Early recognition and prompt medical attention are necessary for a favorable outcome in MIS-C. However, there is scarcity of data regarding its long-term outcome.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73444250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3153
Ashwini Nagda, V. Sawant, K. Rajput, S. Malik, Vinaya A. Singh, S. Kondekar
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. The virus has affected more adults than children, with disease severity being lesser in children. We present a case of a neonate who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 infection on day of life 3, 6, and 15. The baby had fever, respiratory distress, and shock. Laboratory investigations showed raised inflammatory markers, raised D dimer suggesting coagulopathy, coronary dilatation on 2D echocardiogram, and raised N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The neonate was successfully treated with good supportive care, lung-protective ventilatory strategies, early intravenous immunoglobulin administration, corticosteroids, and remdesivir.
{"title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: An emerging entity","authors":"Ashwini Nagda, V. Sawant, K. Rajput, S. Malik, Vinaya A. Singh, S. Kondekar","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i11.3153","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. The virus has affected more adults than children, with disease severity being lesser in children. We present a case of a neonate who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 infection on day of life 3, 6, and 15. The baby had fever, respiratory distress, and shock. Laboratory investigations showed raised inflammatory markers, raised D dimer suggesting coagulopathy, coronary dilatation on 2D echocardiogram, and raised N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The neonate was successfully treated with good supportive care, lung-protective ventilatory strategies, early intravenous immunoglobulin administration, corticosteroids, and remdesivir.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91316430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3097
Andra Akhila, B. Ghoshal, N. Mahapatra
Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in preterm babies due to surfactant deficiency. Initially, babies were given surfactant therapy by intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation (INSURE) method. Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is a novel method of surfactant administration without intubation to spontaneously breathing preterm babies with RDS without the removal of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Aim: This study aims to compare the surfactant therapy in preterm babies with RDS through MIST and INSURE technique. Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in the neonatology unit of Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital. A total of 212 preterm babies of <37 weeks of gestation with features of RDS, who require surfactant are taken and divided into two groups. Very sick babies with congenital anomalies are excluded from the study. In MIST group (n=102), 8 Fr feeding tube is used to deliver surfactant while the baby is on CPAP. In INSURE group (n=102), surfactant is given by intubation through endotracheal tube without CPAP and extubated. Results: Mean birth weight was 1.26 kg in MIST and 1.22 kg in INSURE. Mean gestational age was 31.33 weeks in MIST and 31.11 weeks in INSURE. It was observed that there is a significant difference in terms of duration of oxygen requirement, neonatal intensive care unit stay, and surfactant spillage during administration in MIST group compared to INSURE group. However, duration of mechanical ventilation, CPAP, number of doses of surfactant, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and mortality did not show significant difference in both the groups. Conclusion: MIST is safe, feasible, and more beneficial than INSURE technique.
{"title":"A study on the comparison of minimally invasive surfactant therapy with insure technique of surfactant therapy in preterm babies with respiratory distress in a tertiary care hospital – A prospective cohort study","authors":"Andra Akhila, B. Ghoshal, N. Mahapatra","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3097","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in preterm babies due to surfactant deficiency. Initially, babies were given surfactant therapy by intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation (INSURE) method. Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is a novel method of surfactant administration without intubation to spontaneously breathing preterm babies with RDS without the removal of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Aim: This study aims to compare the surfactant therapy in preterm babies with RDS through MIST and INSURE technique. Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in the neonatology unit of Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital. A total of 212 preterm babies of <37 weeks of gestation with features of RDS, who require surfactant are taken and divided into two groups. Very sick babies with congenital anomalies are excluded from the study. In MIST group (n=102), 8 Fr feeding tube is used to deliver surfactant while the baby is on CPAP. In INSURE group (n=102), surfactant is given by intubation through endotracheal tube without CPAP and extubated. Results: Mean birth weight was 1.26 kg in MIST and 1.22 kg in INSURE. Mean gestational age was 31.33 weeks in MIST and 31.11 weeks in INSURE. It was observed that there is a significant difference in terms of duration of oxygen requirement, neonatal intensive care unit stay, and surfactant spillage during administration in MIST group compared to INSURE group. However, duration of mechanical ventilation, CPAP, number of doses of surfactant, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and mortality did not show significant difference in both the groups. Conclusion: MIST is safe, feasible, and more beneficial than INSURE technique.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85404083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3055
A. A. Fadl, A. Al-Jawaldeh
Background: The emergence of isolated high blood pressure (HBP) among adolescents and its relation to obesity needs to be investigated. Aim: This study aims to assess prevalence, underlying risk factors, and consequences of HBP among adolescents in Egypt. Methods: We consolidated findings from three studies. The first one examined 150 adolescents (age: 16–18 years) for HBP and obesity using body mass index (BMI); the second one studied 150 adolescents for the lifestyle risk factors in relation to depression, anxiety, general health score, and suicidal score (SS) using relevant tools; the third one was a nested case–control study of 60 obese versus 60 non-obese adolescents examined for HBP, BMI, lifestyles and dietary habits, biochemical markers as lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: In Stage I, the prevalence of HBP was 8% of whom, 58.3% were obese. Stage II: Dietary risk behavior as junk foods (high in salt) and soft drinks was 75.3% and 80%, respectively, and was linked with a high SS. Smoking was associated with a high anxiety score (p<0.05) and not playing sports with a higher depression score (p<0.05). The nested case–control study for obese versus non-obese showed that HBP (both systolic and diastolic) was significantly higher in the obese. Consumption of junk foods, sugary drinks, and inactivity was significantly higher in the obese (p<0.05). Lipid profile, FBS, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the obese group versus non-obese control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle and unhealthy diet are the underlying cause of HBP, obesity, and mental health problems including SS, atherosclerosis, and high FBS. Increasing awareness about risk factors and using them in clinical practice for early detection of HBP is recommended.
{"title":"An in-depth multidimensional review of hypertension in adolescents in relation to obesity: Risk approach management is the solution","authors":"A. A. Fadl, A. Al-Jawaldeh","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The emergence of isolated high blood pressure (HBP) among adolescents and its relation to obesity needs to be investigated. Aim: This study aims to assess prevalence, underlying risk factors, and consequences of HBP among adolescents in Egypt. Methods: We consolidated findings from three studies. The first one examined 150 adolescents (age: 16–18 years) for HBP and obesity using body mass index (BMI); the second one studied 150 adolescents for the lifestyle risk factors in relation to depression, anxiety, general health score, and suicidal score (SS) using relevant tools; the third one was a nested case–control study of 60 obese versus 60 non-obese adolescents examined for HBP, BMI, lifestyles and dietary habits, biochemical markers as lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: In Stage I, the prevalence of HBP was 8% of whom, 58.3% were obese. Stage II: Dietary risk behavior as junk foods (high in salt) and soft drinks was 75.3% and 80%, respectively, and was linked with a high SS. Smoking was associated with a high anxiety score (p<0.05) and not playing sports with a higher depression score (p<0.05). The nested case–control study for obese versus non-obese showed that HBP (both systolic and diastolic) was significantly higher in the obese. Consumption of junk foods, sugary drinks, and inactivity was significantly higher in the obese (p<0.05). Lipid profile, FBS, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the obese group versus non-obese control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle and unhealthy diet are the underlying cause of HBP, obesity, and mental health problems including SS, atherosclerosis, and high FBS. Increasing awareness about risk factors and using them in clinical practice for early detection of HBP is recommended.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80624127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3064
H. Kaur, Anita Singh, Kirti M. Naranje
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has imposed several challenges in clinical care. With rapid increase in the disease, there has been lot of incidences of COVID-19 positive exposure among the healthcare workers resulting in major crisis. Aim: The aim of the study was to emphasize various methods that can be used to manage COVID-19 crisis due to accidental exposure. Methods: An unprecedented exposure occurred to a COVID-19 positive healthcare worker in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), which led to quarantine of almost 90% of the primary staff. The methods undertaken included communication and continuation of clinical care through teleconsultation (video calling, zoom meetings for clinical decision, telecharting of daily prescription, and facilitating manpower from allied departments [only one pediatric resident each day], and restoration of services with come back). Results: There were total 11 babies at the time of exposure. Two babies were on respiratory support. The parents were counseled through teleconsultation. Nine babies could be discharged during quarantine period and there was no significant deterioration in the clinical condition of the two babies on respiratory support. All the babies were tested for COVID-19 as per post-exposure protocol and remained negative. Conclusion: With the help of teleconsultation and support from allied specialties and other health facilities, the crisis of COVID-19 exposure can be handled well.
{"title":"How we handled COVID crisis? Experience of an Indian tertiary level NICU","authors":"H. Kaur, Anita Singh, Kirti M. Naranje","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has imposed several challenges in clinical care. With rapid increase in the disease, there has been lot of incidences of COVID-19 positive exposure among the healthcare workers resulting in major crisis. Aim: The aim of the study was to emphasize various methods that can be used to manage COVID-19 crisis due to accidental exposure. Methods: An unprecedented exposure occurred to a COVID-19 positive healthcare worker in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), which led to quarantine of almost 90% of the primary staff. The methods undertaken included communication and continuation of clinical care through teleconsultation (video calling, zoom meetings for clinical decision, telecharting of daily prescription, and facilitating manpower from allied departments [only one pediatric resident each day], and restoration of services with come back). Results: There were total 11 babies at the time of exposure. Two babies were on respiratory support. The parents were counseled through teleconsultation. Nine babies could be discharged during quarantine period and there was no significant deterioration in the clinical condition of the two babies on respiratory support. All the babies were tested for COVID-19 as per post-exposure protocol and remained negative. Conclusion: With the help of teleconsultation and support from allied specialties and other health facilities, the crisis of COVID-19 exposure can be handled well.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81483310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3073
N. Rashmi, D. Yerrapragada, M. G. Kumar
Vomiting in young children can be due to a varied etiology ranging from gastritis, urinary tract infection, and metabolic problems to serious life-threatening conditions such as myocarditis, intracranial space occupying lesions, and acute surgical conditions such as intussusception, malrotation, and torsion testis. However, intractable vomiting in a toddler as presented here was due to an unexpected cause as the history was not initially forthcoming for the same. Here, we presented the case of a 21-month-old girl who was admitted with vomiting and low-grade fever, initially suspected to have viral fever/urinary tract infection. All relevant investigations were within normal limits, ruling out metabolic causes. However, on day 3, she showed features of intestinal obstruction for which imaging was done which revealed a mass in the distal ileum, and she was taken up for immediate laparotomy and the ileal mass was excised, which turned out to be a foreign body, that is, three rubber balls. The child recovered completely post-surgery and was discharged three days later. Hence, the lessons learnt from this case would be that, there is no short cut to detailed history taking and meticulous clinical examination; using imaging at the appropriate time helps in timely intervention and life-saving management.
{"title":"Vomiting in a toddler – An unsuspected cause","authors":"N. Rashmi, D. Yerrapragada, M. G. Kumar","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3073","url":null,"abstract":"Vomiting in young children can be due to a varied etiology ranging from gastritis, urinary tract infection, and metabolic problems to serious life-threatening conditions such as myocarditis, intracranial space occupying lesions, and acute surgical conditions such as intussusception, malrotation, and torsion testis. However, intractable vomiting in a toddler as presented here was due to an unexpected cause as the history was not initially forthcoming for the same. Here, we presented the case of a 21-month-old girl who was admitted with vomiting and low-grade fever, initially suspected to have viral fever/urinary tract infection. All relevant investigations were within normal limits, ruling out metabolic causes. However, on day 3, she showed features of intestinal obstruction for which imaging was done which revealed a mass in the distal ileum, and she was taken up for immediate laparotomy and the ileal mass was excised, which turned out to be a foreign body, that is, three rubber balls. The child recovered completely post-surgery and was discharged three days later. Hence, the lessons learnt from this case would be that, there is no short cut to detailed history taking and meticulous clinical examination; using imaging at the appropriate time helps in timely intervention and life-saving management.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72556156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3091
N. George, R. Britto, R. Abhinaya, M. Archana, A. Aruna, M. Narayan
Child sex ratio (CSR) and over all sex ratio have found to be the important indicator to examine the social commitment against female child. According to census 2011, CSR has been decreased from 927 to 919 in 2011. Many researchers have reported that the sex ratio at birth is in favor of males and the low sex ratio is found to be due to the sex selection strategies of the parents. Despite the higher mortality preponderance for male child, the females were having a decreased ratio during childhood years. Gender discrimination and female infanticide have found to be the important factor responsible for the low CSR. This article tries to shed light into the issue among the states of India, giving a special attention to the state of Tamil Nadu and proposes few remedial measures.
{"title":"Child sex ratio - declining trend: Reasons and consequences","authors":"N. George, R. Britto, R. Abhinaya, M. Archana, A. Aruna, M. Narayan","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3091","url":null,"abstract":"Child sex ratio (CSR) and over all sex ratio have found to be the important indicator to examine the social commitment against female child. According to census 2011, CSR has been decreased from 927 to 919 in 2011. Many researchers have reported that the sex ratio at birth is in favor of males and the low sex ratio is found to be due to the sex selection strategies of the parents. Despite the higher mortality preponderance for male child, the females were having a decreased ratio during childhood years. Gender discrimination and female infanticide have found to be the important factor responsible for the low CSR. This article tries to shed light into the issue among the states of India, giving a special attention to the state of Tamil Nadu and proposes few remedial measures.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75907048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3088
S. Saxena, Himanshu Batra, V. Taneja
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital disorder presenting with multifocal venous malformations of the skin, soft tissues, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with recurrent lower GI bleeding and abdominal pain requiring repeated blood transfusion for 2 years. A contrast computed tomography showed multiple cavernous haemangiomas in the liver, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed multiple hemangiomas from esophagus to large bowel. Her molecular pathology confirmed BRBNS. She underwent endoscopic argon plasma coagulation with uneventful recovery. In spite of a wide range of therapeutic options for the management of BRBNS described in the literature, the efficacy of those available therapies, including surgical excision, is not well established.
{"title":"Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: A rare cause of chronic gastro intestinal bleed in children","authors":"S. Saxena, Himanshu Batra, V. Taneja","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3088","url":null,"abstract":"Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital disorder presenting with multifocal venous malformations of the skin, soft tissues, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with recurrent lower GI bleeding and abdominal pain requiring repeated blood transfusion for 2 years. A contrast computed tomography showed multiple cavernous haemangiomas in the liver, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed multiple hemangiomas from esophagus to large bowel. Her molecular pathology confirmed BRBNS. She underwent endoscopic argon plasma coagulation with uneventful recovery. In spite of a wide range of therapeutic options for the management of BRBNS described in the literature, the efficacy of those available therapies, including surgical excision, is not well established.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87095895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3067
S. Saranappa, Jennifer Wu
Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.
{"title":"A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","authors":"S. Saranappa, Jennifer Wu","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3067","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82929486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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