Dextrocardia is embryologic malformation characterized by displacement of the largest axis of the heart to the right side of the chest. Dextrocardia is a rare anomaly that is associated with situs inversus and the incidence in the general population is usually 1:10,000, withsitus solitus being 1:30,000 live births. It is associated with complex cardiac lesions, 5% with situs inversus, and 90% with situs solitus color. Doppler echocardiography not only provides additional information but also improves overall specificity of two-dimensional echocardiography. Few case reports of dextrocardia, double-inlet (DILV), and double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) with situs inversus have been diagnosed and reported by echocardiography, but none are available with situs solitus. To the best of our knowledge, we are presenting the first case report of dextrocardia, situs solitus, double-inlet with DILV, DOLV, and D-malposition of great arteries with pulmonary stenosis, detected by color Doppler echocardiography.
{"title":"Dextrocardia, situs solitus, double–inlet, and double-outlet left ventricle – A case report","authors":"Akhil Mehrotra, Ajay Sharma, Shubham Kacker","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i6.3489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i6.3489","url":null,"abstract":"Dextrocardia is embryologic malformation characterized by displacement of the largest axis of the heart to the right side of the chest. Dextrocardia is a rare anomaly that is associated with situs inversus and the incidence in the general population is usually 1:10,000, withsitus solitus being 1:30,000 live births. It is associated with complex cardiac lesions, 5% with situs inversus, and 90% with situs solitus color. Doppler echocardiography not only provides additional information but also improves overall specificity of two-dimensional echocardiography. Few case reports of dextrocardia, double-inlet (DILV), and double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) with situs inversus have been diagnosed and reported by echocardiography, but none are available with situs solitus. To the best of our knowledge, we are presenting the first case report of dextrocardia, situs solitus, double-inlet with DILV, DOLV, and D-malposition of great arteries with pulmonary stenosis, detected by color Doppler echocardiography.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77993568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Childhood abuse is an important public health concern that can derail the developmental course of children. Psychological abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse can have far-reaching impacts on children and influence the trajectories of mental health outcomes. They often co-occur and all maltreatment types carry a risk for depression in adulthood. Gaps in research methods pose challenges in extrapolating a generalized result that can influence the understanding of this probable link. Mechanisms correlating bio-psycho-social dimensions are relatively scarce. However, this review summarizes the recent updates in linking childhood abuse and major depressive disorder (MDD). Finally, targeted interventions and validated screening tools may be beneficial in the prevention of depression. This review highlights the importance of addressing childhood abuse and its sequelae in the development of depression.
{"title":"Childhood abuse and late life depression – Recent updates","authors":"Amit Agrawal, Shweta Sharma, J. Mandumpala","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i6.3531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i6.3531","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood abuse is an important public health concern that can derail the developmental course of children. Psychological abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse can have far-reaching impacts on children and influence the trajectories of mental health outcomes. They often co-occur and all maltreatment types carry a risk for depression in adulthood. Gaps in research methods pose challenges in extrapolating a generalized result that can influence the understanding of this probable link. Mechanisms correlating bio-psycho-social dimensions are relatively scarce. However, this review summarizes the recent updates in linking childhood abuse and major depressive disorder (MDD). Finally, targeted interventions and validated screening tools may be beneficial in the prevention of depression. This review highlights the importance of addressing childhood abuse and its sequelae in the development of depression.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84679014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Malnutrition among children is a major health issue throughout India and South East Asia presenting with stunting and wasting. Many research studies have been conducted to establish the signs, symptoms, corresponding effects of malnutrition on child health, growth, and development. Objective: The objective of the current study is to find a difference in grading of Ankle reflex between children with Protein Energy Malnourishment (PEM) and normal healthy subjects. This will help draw a conclusive relationship between hyporeflexia and PEM. Methods: The study design is an observational case-control type of study conducted in two teaching hospitals in India. Cases of PEM (n = 30), children with Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) <12.5 and weight for height Z score (WHZ) score of lesser than -2 along with control group of normal healthy children (n = 30), all aged between 1 and 5 years were selected for the study. Ankle reflexes were noted using a simple knee hammer on 3 consecutive days of cases and control group, graded based on the NINDS Reflex Grading Scale to determine any differences between cases and controls. Results: A Chi-square test was performed and a P value result of 0.002 was obtained rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no relation between ankle reflex grades and presence of malnutrition. Conclusion: A conclusion could be drawn where a significant association was observed between lower ankle reflex grades and cases of PEM as compared to those noted in the control group. The Achilles Tendon reflexes obtained from cases was significantly reduced. Eliciting the Deep Tendon reflexes and drawing a relation with PEM children can be used as an initial diagnosis for neurological deficits associated with PEM.
{"title":"Study of ankle reflex grades in protein energy malnourished children aged between 1 and 5 years","authors":"Protiksha Ukil, S. K., U. T, S. S.","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i6.3267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i6.3267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition among children is a major health issue throughout India and South East Asia presenting with stunting and wasting. Many research studies have been conducted to establish the signs, symptoms, corresponding effects of malnutrition on child health, growth, and development. Objective: The objective of the current study is to find a difference in grading of Ankle reflex between children with Protein Energy Malnourishment (PEM) and normal healthy subjects. This will help draw a conclusive relationship between hyporeflexia and PEM. Methods: The study design is an observational case-control type of study conducted in two teaching hospitals in India. Cases of PEM (n = 30), children with Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) <12.5 and weight for height Z score (WHZ) score of lesser than -2 along with control group of normal healthy children (n = 30), all aged between 1 and 5 years were selected for the study. Ankle reflexes were noted using a simple knee hammer on 3 consecutive days of cases and control group, graded based on the NINDS Reflex Grading Scale to determine any differences between cases and controls. Results: A Chi-square test was performed and a P value result of 0.002 was obtained rejecting the null hypothesis which states that there is no relation between ankle reflex grades and presence of malnutrition. Conclusion: A conclusion could be drawn where a significant association was observed between lower ankle reflex grades and cases of PEM as compared to those noted in the control group. The Achilles Tendon reflexes obtained from cases was significantly reduced. Eliciting the Deep Tendon reflexes and drawing a relation with PEM children can be used as an initial diagnosis for neurological deficits associated with PEM.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87000415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Vatkar, Nishigandha Joshi, Smita G. Patil, Mumtaz Shariff
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTP deficiency or MTPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. It is characterized by severe neonatal manifestations such as cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, skeletal myopathy, neuropathy, liver disease, and death. It can also present with mild symptoms such as peripheral polyneuropathy, episodic rhabdomyolysis, and pigmentary retinopathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a known and long-term irreversible complication of MTPD. We report a rare case of a 5-year-old male child with slowly progressive limb weakness; genetic analysis was suggestive of MTPD with novel HADHA gene mutation. The present study comprehensively analyzed the cases, including exome sequencing, to the best of our knowledge, describing the first observation of homozygous novel mutation in the HADHA gene underlying this disorder in India.
{"title":"Neuromyopathy due to mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency caused by novel HADHA mutation","authors":"Amit Vatkar, Nishigandha Joshi, Smita G. Patil, Mumtaz Shariff","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3393","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTP deficiency or MTPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. It is characterized by severe neonatal manifestations such as cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, skeletal myopathy, neuropathy, liver disease, and death. It can also present with mild symptoms such as peripheral polyneuropathy, episodic rhabdomyolysis, and pigmentary retinopathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a known and long-term irreversible complication of MTPD. We report a rare case of a 5-year-old male child with slowly progressive limb weakness; genetic analysis was suggestive of MTPD with novel HADHA gene mutation. The present study comprehensively analyzed the cases, including exome sequencing, to the best of our knowledge, describing the first observation of homozygous novel mutation in the HADHA gene underlying this disorder in India.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82899680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aims to analyze the clinical spectrum, severity of anemia, challenges in arranging cross matched blood in the emergency department (ED), and treatment outcomes of children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted in the tertiary care pediatric ED between October 2019 and September 2021. All direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive children were included in the study and those DAT negative were excluded from the study. The details regarding clinical condition, laboratory parameters, history of previous transfusion, difficulties related to cross-matching, requirement of steroid, and intensive care management were documented. Results: A total of 29 children were diagnosed to have AIHA. The most common clinical feature at diagnosis was fever (72.4%) followed by pallor (51.7%). Cross-matching was difficult for 9 children (31%) due various incompatibilities. Ten children required intensive care. Secondary causes were identified in 25 cases. Mortality was 10%. Conclusion: Identifying secondary causes of pediatric AIHA are essential and larger data from multiple centers will contribute toward creating the best clinical approach and emergency management of children with AIHA.
{"title":"Emergency presentation and immediate outcome of children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia","authors":"L. Muthukrishnan, Radhika Raman, Seyed Rabia","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3348","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to analyze the clinical spectrum, severity of anemia, challenges in arranging cross matched blood in the emergency department (ED), and treatment outcomes of children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted in the tertiary care pediatric ED between October 2019 and September 2021. All direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive children were included in the study and those DAT negative were excluded from the study. The details regarding clinical condition, laboratory parameters, history of previous transfusion, difficulties related to cross-matching, requirement of steroid, and intensive care management were documented. Results: A total of 29 children were diagnosed to have AIHA. The most common clinical feature at diagnosis was fever (72.4%) followed by pallor (51.7%). Cross-matching was difficult for 9 children (31%) due various incompatibilities. Ten children required intensive care. Secondary causes were identified in 25 cases. Mortality was 10%. Conclusion: Identifying secondary causes of pediatric AIHA are essential and larger data from multiple centers will contribute toward creating the best clinical approach and emergency management of children with AIHA.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vertigo is a morbid symptom in the pediatric age group. It is not an uncommon clinical presentation in children. The etiopathology of vertigo in children is different from that of the adult age group. It is often not easy to evaluate this symptom in pediatric age group. In most cases, the children do not express their symptoms in detail and so clinicians cannot obtain adequate history and determine their exact etiology for vertigo. The benign paroxysmal vertigo is a common etiology in younger children, whereas the vestibular migraine is responsible for vertigo in majority of older children. Hence, pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, physicians, and neurologists often face difficulty in establishing the appropriate diagnosis of vertigo in children. The diagnosis of vertigo in children includes a detailed history, clinical examination, complete neurological examination, and audiological assessment. The treatment of vertigo in children includes the treatment of appropriate etiology. The prognosis of vestibular function recovery in children is often variable and unpredictable. Imaging such as computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging is done in selected cases. The objective of this review article is to familiarize the readers with these complex disorders of children and with the current protocols in their management.
{"title":"Vertigo in children - A review","authors":"S. Swain, I. Behera, Pranay Rajvanshi","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3448","url":null,"abstract":"Vertigo is a morbid symptom in the pediatric age group. It is not an uncommon clinical presentation in children. The etiopathology of vertigo in children is different from that of the adult age group. It is often not easy to evaluate this symptom in pediatric age group. In most cases, the children do not express their symptoms in detail and so clinicians cannot obtain adequate history and determine their exact etiology for vertigo. The benign paroxysmal vertigo is a common etiology in younger children, whereas the vestibular migraine is responsible for vertigo in majority of older children. Hence, pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, physicians, and neurologists often face difficulty in establishing the appropriate diagnosis of vertigo in children. The diagnosis of vertigo in children includes a detailed history, clinical examination, complete neurological examination, and audiological assessment. The treatment of vertigo in children includes the treatment of appropriate etiology. The prognosis of vestibular function recovery in children is often variable and unpredictable. Imaging such as computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging is done in selected cases. The objective of this review article is to familiarize the readers with these complex disorders of children and with the current protocols in their management.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89526415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joeberate Vinshula, A. Johnson, A. Menezes, Merlyn Joseph, Srilekha C, P. S, Jessi Jennifer
Background: Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are a key strategy to reduce under-5 mortality. Increasing mobile technology penetration in rural areas can influence IYCF practices. Aims: This study aims to assess IYCF practices among mothers of children under 5, in a rural maternity hospital in Ramanagara district and its association with the use of various mass media including internet and smartphones. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 mothers and a pre-tested face-validated semi-structured interview schedule was administered to collect information regarding sociodemographic details, IYCF practices, and use of media. Results: The mean age of the study population was 23.84±3.5 years. About 44.9% of them had their last child in the age group of 6–24 months. About 87.6% of them were breastfed within the 1st h of birth. The mean age of starting complementary feeding was 7±2.6 months. About 98.9% had access to a smartphone, however, only 19.1% used WhatsApp videos and messages and 12.3% internet to search for information regarding IYCF practices. Almost all respondents reported health-care providers as their primary source of information regarding IYCF practices. Conclusion: IYCF practices of the study population were better than national average. These findings highlight the importance of the role of grassroot level workers and primary care physicians in imparting knowledge among mothers in IYCF practices. The scope of using media to bring about behavior change communication in this context can be explored.
{"title":"Influence of media (internet and smartphone applications) on infant and young child feeding practices among mothers of children under 5 years availing health care in a rural hospital in Ramanagara district, Karnataka","authors":"Joeberate Vinshula, A. Johnson, A. Menezes, Merlyn Joseph, Srilekha C, P. S, Jessi Jennifer","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3427","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are a key strategy to reduce under-5 mortality. Increasing mobile technology penetration in rural areas can influence IYCF practices. Aims: This study aims to assess IYCF practices among mothers of children under 5, in a rural maternity hospital in Ramanagara district and its association with the use of various mass media including internet and smartphones. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 mothers and a pre-tested face-validated semi-structured interview schedule was administered to collect information regarding sociodemographic details, IYCF practices, and use of media. Results: The mean age of the study population was 23.84±3.5 years. About 44.9% of them had their last child in the age group of 6–24 months. About 87.6% of them were breastfed within the 1st h of birth. The mean age of starting complementary feeding was 7±2.6 months. About 98.9% had access to a smartphone, however, only 19.1% used WhatsApp videos and messages and 12.3% internet to search for information regarding IYCF practices. Almost all respondents reported health-care providers as their primary source of information regarding IYCF practices. Conclusion: IYCF practices of the study population were better than national average. These findings highlight the importance of the role of grassroot level workers and primary care physicians in imparting knowledge among mothers in IYCF practices. The scope of using media to bring about behavior change communication in this context can be explored.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81513583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shimpiger, S. J. Nishigandha, R. Richa, U. Sushma
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD) is an important neurological complication of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is an important treatable cause of progressive neurological disability. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl, which presented with features of SACD of the spinal cord with low vitamin B12 levels and positive anti-parietal cell antibodies, suggesting vitamin B12 deficiency due to autoimmune etiology. The girl was started on a regimen of intramuscular vitamin B12 treatment. After which she had complete neurological recovery. She was advised of lifelong supplementation of parenteral vitamin B12 due to the autoimmune etiology.
{"title":"Lichtheim disease: A rare manifestation of pernicious anemia","authors":"S. Shimpiger, S. J. Nishigandha, R. Richa, U. Sushma","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3226","url":null,"abstract":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD) is an important neurological complication of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is an important treatable cause of progressive neurological disability. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl, which presented with features of SACD of the spinal cord with low vitamin B12 levels and positive anti-parietal cell antibodies, suggesting vitamin B12 deficiency due to autoimmune etiology. The girl was started on a regimen of intramuscular vitamin B12 treatment. After which she had complete neurological recovery. She was advised of lifelong supplementation of parenteral vitamin B12 due to the autoimmune etiology.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77745633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenoxyethanol is used at concentrations below 1% as a preservative in cosmetic products and fixative in perfumes. Some people have reported adverse responses to phenoxyethanol on their skin. Some suggest that the test subjects' negative reactions are the result of allergies. Nevertheless, there are claims that it's simply a skin irritant that has varying degrees of effect on various people. In 2012, the ANSM (French National Agency of Medicine and Health Products Safety) advised against using Phenoxyethanol in cosmetics for babies' bottoms. On a European level, this advice had not been confirmed. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential negative effects of phenoxyethanol on newborns and infants.
{"title":"Are Phenoxyethanol products safe for babies? – A review of current evidences","authors":"A. Agrawal, Umesh Pandwar, Nitin Pandya","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3465","url":null,"abstract":"Phenoxyethanol is used at concentrations below 1% as a preservative in cosmetic products and fixative in perfumes. Some people have reported adverse responses to phenoxyethanol on their skin. Some suggest that the test subjects' negative reactions are the result of allergies. Nevertheless, there are claims that it's simply a skin irritant that has varying degrees of effect on various people. In 2012, the ANSM (French National Agency of Medicine and Health Products Safety) advised against using Phenoxyethanol in cosmetics for babies' bottoms. On a European level, this advice had not been confirmed. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential negative effects of phenoxyethanol on newborns and infants.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78224288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To determine whether or not, all breastfed newborns should get preventive iron (up to age of 6 months). It will determine the disease burden and clinicopathological profile of anemia in infants up to 6 months and its correlation with maternal Hb levels. Materials and Methods: A 4-month hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in all infants under the age of 6 months and their mothers admitted to the pediatric ward of a tertiary health care center in the Sub-Himalayan region. Results: About 42% of infants (up to 6 months of age) and 64% of mothers were found to be anemic. It was found that mothers of 74% of total anemic infants were also anemic. Furthermore, in 79% cases mothers with good ferritin stores (?12 ng/ml) also have infants with good ferritin levels (?10 ng/ml). It was found that mothers who have not consumed adequate amount of iron in their pregnancy, 44% of them have anemic infants. Despite the fact that the association between newborn and maternal characteristics is not statistically significant, the results are noteworthy, indicating the need for a more comprehensive investigation to determine the relationship. Conclusion: High rates of anemia in early life point to the need of multicentric as well as population-based study so that we can collect evidence to start iron prophylaxis in this highly vulnerable developing age group of 0–6 months. Further higher rates of anemia in mothers warrant the strengthening in the implementation plan of iron and folic acid supplementation to all females of reproductive age group.
目的:确定是否所有母乳喂养的新生儿都应该服用预防性铁(6个月以下)。它将确定6个月以下婴儿贫血的疾病负担和临床病理特征及其与母亲Hb水平的相关性。材料和方法:对喜马拉雅地区一家三级卫生保健中心儿科病房收治的所有6个月以下婴儿及其母亲进行了为期4个月的以医院为基础的横断面研究。结果:约42%的婴儿(6个月以下)和64%的母亲被发现贫血。研究发现，在所有贫血婴儿中，有74%的母亲也患有贫血。此外，在79%的情况下，铁蛋白储存良好的母亲(?12 ng/ml)的婴儿也有良好的铁蛋白水平(?10 ng / ml)。研究发现，怀孕期间没有摄入足量铁的母亲，有44%的婴儿患有贫血。尽管新生儿和母亲特征之间的关联在统计上并不显著，但结果值得注意，表明需要更全面的调查来确定这种关系。结论:生命早期贫血的高发生率表明需要多中心和基于人群的研究，以便我们可以收集证据，在0-6个月这一高度脆弱的发育年龄组开始铁预防。由于母亲贫血率进一步升高，有必要加强向所有育龄妇女补充铁和叶酸的执行计划。
{"title":"Anemia in early life (up to the age of 6 months) – Is it really a disease burden? A cross-sectional study from Sub-Himalayan region","authors":"Charu Maggo, Shivani Gahalot, Seema Sharma","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v9i4.3298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i4.3298","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine whether or not, all breastfed newborns should get preventive iron (up to age of 6 months). It will determine the disease burden and clinicopathological profile of anemia in infants up to 6 months and its correlation with maternal Hb levels. Materials and Methods: A 4-month hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in all infants under the age of 6 months and their mothers admitted to the pediatric ward of a tertiary health care center in the Sub-Himalayan region. Results: About 42% of infants (up to 6 months of age) and 64% of mothers were found to be anemic. It was found that mothers of 74% of total anemic infants were also anemic. Furthermore, in 79% cases mothers with good ferritin stores (?12 ng/ml) also have infants with good ferritin levels (?10 ng/ml). It was found that mothers who have not consumed adequate amount of iron in their pregnancy, 44% of them have anemic infants. Despite the fact that the association between newborn and maternal characteristics is not statistically significant, the results are noteworthy, indicating the need for a more comprehensive investigation to determine the relationship. Conclusion: High rates of anemia in early life point to the need of multicentric as well as population-based study so that we can collect evidence to start iron prophylaxis in this highly vulnerable developing age group of 0–6 months. Further higher rates of anemia in mothers warrant the strengthening in the implementation plan of iron and folic acid supplementation to all females of reproductive age group.","PeriodicalId":22476,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74851678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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