Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286278
Bohdan Hirianskyi, Bogdan Bulakh
The object of this research is the application of evolutionary algorithms for the synthesis and training of neural networks. The paper aims to select and review the existing experience on using evolutionary algorithms as competitive methods to conventional approaches in neural network training and creation, and to evaluate such existing solutions for further development of this field. The essence of the obtained results lies in the successful application of genetic algorithms in conjunction with neural networks to optimize parameters, architecture, and weight coefficients of the networks. The genetic algorithms allowed improving the performance and accuracy of neural networks, especially in cases where backpropagation algorithms faced difficulties in finding optimal solutions. These results can be attributed to the fact that genetic algorithms are efficient methods for global optimization in parameter space. They help avoid local minima and discover more reliable and stable solutions. The obtained findings can be practically utilized to enhance the performance and quality of neural networks in various classification and prediction tasks. The use of genetic algorithms enables the selection of optimal weight coefficients, network connections, and identification of significant features from the dataset. However, they come with the limitation of additional time costs for evaluating the entire population according to the selection criteria. It is worth noting that the application of genetic algorithms is not a universal method for all tasks, and the algorithm parameters should be individually tuned for each specific problem. Further research could focus on refining the combination methods of genetic algorithms and neural networks, as well as exploring their application in new domains and tasks.
{"title":"A review of practice of using evolutionary algorithms for neural network synthesis and training","authors":"Bohdan Hirianskyi, Bogdan Bulakh","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286278","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this research is the application of evolutionary algorithms for the synthesis and training of neural networks. The paper aims to select and review the existing experience on using evolutionary algorithms as competitive methods to conventional approaches in neural network training and creation, and to evaluate such existing solutions for further development of this field. The essence of the obtained results lies in the successful application of genetic algorithms in conjunction with neural networks to optimize parameters, architecture, and weight coefficients of the networks. The genetic algorithms allowed improving the performance and accuracy of neural networks, especially in cases where backpropagation algorithms faced difficulties in finding optimal solutions. These results can be attributed to the fact that genetic algorithms are efficient methods for global optimization in parameter space. They help avoid local minima and discover more reliable and stable solutions. The obtained findings can be practically utilized to enhance the performance and quality of neural networks in various classification and prediction tasks. The use of genetic algorithms enables the selection of optimal weight coefficients, network connections, and identification of significant features from the dataset. However, they come with the limitation of additional time costs for evaluating the entire population according to the selection criteria. It is worth noting that the application of genetic algorithms is not a universal method for all tasks, and the algorithm parameters should be individually tuned for each specific problem. Further research could focus on refining the combination methods of genetic algorithms and neural networks, as well as exploring their application in new domains and tasks.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.284998
Oleg Yakovchuk, Maksym Vasin
The object of the research is a system for recognizing handwritten text in medical prescriptions. The peculiarities of handwriting, the variety of calligraphy styles, as well as the specificity of medical prescriptions, create many problems and challenges for recognition algorithms, causing errors and reducing recognition accuracy. The work presents a new system with additional components of post-processing the recognition results to increase the accuracy of the final results. An algorithm for combining words into lines and blocks is proposed, which makes it possible to group words while preserving contextual connections between them. Also, a generative neural network with a large language model is used to analyze the recognition result and correct possible errors. The results of the testing show an improvement in recognition accuracy by 0.13 %. Successful cases of generative artificial intelligence usage are analyzed, as well as examples of the results deterioration, that are related to grammatical errors in the initial input data. The obtained results show the use of generative artificial intelligence as an additional step for processing the recognition results really can improve the accuracy of text recognition systems. The results of the study can be used for further experiments to improve recognition results in other tasks related to text recognition and in related fields.
{"title":"Increasing the accuracy of handwriting text recognition in medical prescriptions with generative artificial intelligence","authors":"Oleg Yakovchuk, Maksym Vasin","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.284998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.284998","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research is a system for recognizing handwritten text in medical prescriptions. The peculiarities of handwriting, the variety of calligraphy styles, as well as the specificity of medical prescriptions, create many problems and challenges for recognition algorithms, causing errors and reducing recognition accuracy. The work presents a new system with additional components of post-processing the recognition results to increase the accuracy of the final results. An algorithm for combining words into lines and blocks is proposed, which makes it possible to group words while preserving contextual connections between them. Also, a generative neural network with a large language model is used to analyze the recognition result and correct possible errors. The results of the testing show an improvement in recognition accuracy by 0.13 %. Successful cases of generative artificial intelligence usage are analyzed, as well as examples of the results deterioration, that are related to grammatical errors in the initial input data. The obtained results show the use of generative artificial intelligence as an additional step for processing the recognition results really can improve the accuracy of text recognition systems. The results of the study can be used for further experiments to improve recognition results in other tasks related to text recognition and in related fields.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286262
Eldar Aliyev, Shebnem Ismailova
The object of the research is the distribution of contact areas between the plate and offset cylinders. For printing impression in the offset printing process, it is necessary to ensure the transfer of printing ink from the ink unit to the printing plate, from the mold to the rubber-fabric material (deckel) of the offset cylinder and from the deckel to the printed material. At the same time, the quality of the prints is ensured by creating the necessary technological pressure between the plate, offset and printing cylinders, which also contributes to the deformation of the elastic deckel and the transfer of the ink layer in the contact zone. The transfer of illustrative and textual information from the form to the deckel of the offset cylinder occurs due to the actual touch area. Therefore, the study and calculation of the actual contact area is necessary to study the transfer of the paint layer in the contact zones. For this purpose, a review of some studies on contact problems was carried out, their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Theoretical and experimental relations are given. It has been established that micro protrusions of the surface roughness of the printing plate significantly affect the deformation of the deckel. To study the influence of the surface roughness distribution of the printing plate on the actual deckel contact area in the contact zone, the interaction of micro protrusions of the surface roughness of the printing plate with the deckel surface, leading to additional displacements, was taken into account. A method for calculating the number of roughness protrusions is proposed to further determine the actual deckel contact area and the actual pressure in the contact zone, taking into account the surface roughness of the printing plate. Based on the parameters calculated by the proposed method with known values of the surface roughness of the printing plate in the future it is possible to determine the actual deckel contact area and the actual contact pressure the optimal values of which are necessary to ensure the required ink transfer and print quality during printing. The data obtained also contribute to the determination of the modes of the printing process when printing the entire circulation, which leads to an increase in the circulation stability of printing forms. Increasing the circulation stability of printing plates allows to save the number of consumed printing plates. In the future, according to the results obtained, it is recommended to compile reference data, which are necessary when setting up and operating the printing machine.
{"title":"Development of a scheme for the distribution of contact areas between the plate and offset cylinders","authors":"Eldar Aliyev, Shebnem Ismailova","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286262","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research is the distribution of contact areas between the plate and offset cylinders. For printing impression in the offset printing process, it is necessary to ensure the transfer of printing ink from the ink unit to the printing plate, from the mold to the rubber-fabric material (deckel) of the offset cylinder and from the deckel to the printed material. At the same time, the quality of the prints is ensured by creating the necessary technological pressure between the plate, offset and printing cylinders, which also contributes to the deformation of the elastic deckel and the transfer of the ink layer in the contact zone. The transfer of illustrative and textual information from the form to the deckel of the offset cylinder occurs due to the actual touch area. Therefore, the study and calculation of the actual contact area is necessary to study the transfer of the paint layer in the contact zones. For this purpose, a review of some studies on contact problems was carried out, their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Theoretical and experimental relations are given. It has been established that micro protrusions of the surface roughness of the printing plate significantly affect the deformation of the deckel. To study the influence of the surface roughness distribution of the printing plate on the actual deckel contact area in the contact zone, the interaction of micro protrusions of the surface roughness of the printing plate with the deckel surface, leading to additional displacements, was taken into account. A method for calculating the number of roughness protrusions is proposed to further determine the actual deckel contact area and the actual pressure in the contact zone, taking into account the surface roughness of the printing plate. Based on the parameters calculated by the proposed method with known values of the surface roughness of the printing plate in the future it is possible to determine the actual deckel contact area and the actual contact pressure the optimal values of which are necessary to ensure the required ink transfer and print quality during printing. The data obtained also contribute to the determination of the modes of the printing process when printing the entire circulation, which leads to an increase in the circulation stability of printing forms. Increasing the circulation stability of printing plates allows to save the number of consumed printing plates. In the future, according to the results obtained, it is recommended to compile reference data, which are necessary when setting up and operating the printing machine.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135237194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The object of the research is elastic plates located across the movement of the solution on the vibrosieve. The problem of uniform distribution of material on the surface of the sieve is considered, which is solved with the help of the design proposed in the work. Tensometry was used as a research method with subsequent processing of the results on an elector computer. In the course of the research, an analog-to-digital converter developed and manufactured at the Department of Mechanization of Construction Processes of the National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic» (Ukraine) was used. As well as a computer with a free COM-1 port, «PROGRAM.EXE» software and a spreadsheet editor, strain gauges in the form of strain gauges with two pasted tensor resistors connected by a half-bridge circuit. The paper proposes a fundamentally new scheme of a vibrosieve with additional working bodies in the form of elastic plates located across the movement of the solution on the sieve. The elasticity and mass of the plates are selected in such a way that their oscillations during the operation of the vibrosieve exciter are close to resonance. At the same time, the mode of vibration of the vibrosieve itself is far beyond resonance. As a result, a higher-quality and energy-efficient cleaning of the washing liquid will be obtained. This is due to the fact that the proposed cleaning method has a number of features, in particular, dispersion of drilling fluid over the entire surface of the vibrosieve and maximum loading of the entire working surface of the sieve to avoid dead zones. Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain resonant oscillations. In comparison with known analogs that work in a resonant mode, this provides advantages in the cleaning of drilling mud. The amplitude of oscillations of elastic plates reaches 1.2–1.5 mm, which is significantly greater than the amplitude of oscillations of a vibrating table. In practice, it will be possible to use the proposed fundamentally new scheme of a vibrosieve with additional working bodies in the form of elastic plates that work in a resonant mode, as a way of supplementing vibrosieves that are in use or new when manufactured at manufacturers' factories.
{"title":"Study of the operating parameters of vibrations of a vibrosieve of the washing liquid purification unit","authors":"Tetiana Surzhko, Maksym Knysh, Yurij Kuzub, Oleksandr Kruchkov, Vyacheslav Rubel","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286362","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research is elastic plates located across the movement of the solution on the vibrosieve. The problem of uniform distribution of material on the surface of the sieve is considered, which is solved with the help of the design proposed in the work. Tensometry was used as a research method with subsequent processing of the results on an elector computer. In the course of the research, an analog-to-digital converter developed and manufactured at the Department of Mechanization of Construction Processes of the National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic» (Ukraine) was used. As well as a computer with a free COM-1 port, «PROGRAM.EXE» software and a spreadsheet editor, strain gauges in the form of strain gauges with two pasted tensor resistors connected by a half-bridge circuit. The paper proposes a fundamentally new scheme of a vibrosieve with additional working bodies in the form of elastic plates located across the movement of the solution on the sieve. The elasticity and mass of the plates are selected in such a way that their oscillations during the operation of the vibrosieve exciter are close to resonance. At the same time, the mode of vibration of the vibrosieve itself is far beyond resonance. As a result, a higher-quality and energy-efficient cleaning of the washing liquid will be obtained. This is due to the fact that the proposed cleaning method has a number of features, in particular, dispersion of drilling fluid over the entire surface of the vibrosieve and maximum loading of the entire working surface of the sieve to avoid dead zones. Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain resonant oscillations. In comparison with known analogs that work in a resonant mode, this provides advantages in the cleaning of drilling mud. The amplitude of oscillations of elastic plates reaches 1.2–1.5 mm, which is significantly greater than the amplitude of oscillations of a vibrating table. In practice, it will be possible to use the proposed fundamentally new scheme of a vibrosieve with additional working bodies in the form of elastic plates that work in a resonant mode, as a way of supplementing vibrosieves that are in use or new when manufactured at manufacturers' factories.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135237193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286193
Yevhen Pavlenko
The object of the current paper is the protection of information in the conditions of its interception by technical means of intelligence. According to this goal, considered the existing mathematical model of signal interception using radio-technical intelligence. In course of investigation, for getting final results based existing mathematical model analyzed the optimal scheme of signal detection with the help of intelligence receiver. As a result of this activity occurs four potential cases of signal detection which compared with established threshold H and accompanied by one of two error types: incorrect decision about the signal absence or incorrect indication of its presence. On the basis of the given cases suggested one of the possible variant for protecting of signal that goes beyond the controlled zone. Using such dependencies as: an expression of the power flux density of radio electronic device antenna on its distance to the receiver in the direction of maximum radiation, the formula of signal power at the input of the receiving antenna, the ratio of the antennas coefficient of amplification and its effective scattering area was obtained: the dependence for calculating the power of output signal sufficient for reception within the controlled zone, but insufficient for its interception by technical means beyond its borders. Also, obtained graphical dependencies of minimal coefficient of amplification of transmitter antenna from maximal coefficient of amplification of transmitter antenna, from wavelength of radiation and from distance between transmitter and receiver. Based on research results formed the conclusion regarding proposed method of information protection based on the mathematical model of the information leakage channel applying for radio intelligence.
{"title":"Determination of signal level for protection of information in case of its interception by technical means of intelligence","authors":"Yevhen Pavlenko","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286193","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the current paper is the protection of information in the conditions of its interception by technical means of intelligence. According to this goal, considered the existing mathematical model of signal interception using radio-technical intelligence. In course of investigation, for getting final results based existing mathematical model analyzed the optimal scheme of signal detection with the help of intelligence receiver. As a result of this activity occurs four potential cases of signal detection which compared with established threshold H and accompanied by one of two error types: incorrect decision about the signal absence or incorrect indication of its presence. On the basis of the given cases suggested one of the possible variant for protecting of signal that goes beyond the controlled zone. Using such dependencies as: an expression of the power flux density of radio electronic device antenna on its distance to the receiver in the direction of maximum radiation, the formula of signal power at the input of the receiving antenna, the ratio of the antennas coefficient of amplification and its effective scattering area was obtained: the dependence for calculating the power of output signal sufficient for reception within the controlled zone, but insufficient for its interception by technical means beyond its borders. Also, obtained graphical dependencies of minimal coefficient of amplification of transmitter antenna from maximal coefficient of amplification of transmitter antenna, from wavelength of radiation and from distance between transmitter and receiver. Based on research results formed the conclusion regarding proposed method of information protection based on the mathematical model of the information leakage channel applying for radio intelligence.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135472310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286277
Edward Polovinka, Igor Tabulinsky
The object of research are hydrodynamical processes in fuel delivery system of marine diesel engine of type RT-flex with accumulate fuel injection system of type Common Rail. The problem, being solved, is maintenance of an effective operation of the specified diesel engines due to perfection work of their fuel equipment. The results of simulation modeling of the injection process by accumulator fuel delivery system Common Rail of the 50RT-flex engine are presented. On the basis of the functional diagram of system, a calculation model has been compiled that provides a description of the operation of the systems main blocks. The load characteristic of the fuel equipment is built in the traditional version – the dependence of the fuel delivery parameters from the engine load at a constant speed. For the system under consideration, the control element is the valve assembly connecting the injection control unit (ICU) with injectors. The parameters of the load characteristic in this study are modes with a constant engine speed n=124 rpm and a change in the opening angle of the control valve in the range – jv=6.6–14.4 °CA. The parameters of the devices that largely determine the characteristics of the fuel delivery and the quality of the working processes of a diesel engine are considered in more details. Such an element of the system is ICU, the working body of which is the dosing piston. The main parameters of its operation when delivering fuel are the magnitude and speed of the stroke. For the load characteristics in the accepted range of the valve control valve opening angle jv from 6.6 to 14.4 °CA (2.18 times), the piston stroke was hp=4.29–8.61 mm (2.0 more). In this case, the dependence of hp on jv is linear. Area of use of the data received during research, ship crews and the shore services providing operation of vessels are. A material is applied in process of high school and is already used in various educational forms. The given researches are useful to developers and builders of marine diesel engines of a considered class.
{"title":"Development and analysis of the loading characteristic of accumulate fuel injection system Common Rail of the engine 50 RT-flex","authors":"Edward Polovinka, Igor Tabulinsky","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286277","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research are hydrodynamical processes in fuel delivery system of marine diesel engine of type RT-flex with accumulate fuel injection system of type Common Rail. The problem, being solved, is maintenance of an effective operation of the specified diesel engines due to perfection work of their fuel equipment. The results of simulation modeling of the injection process by accumulator fuel delivery system Common Rail of the 50RT-flex engine are presented. On the basis of the functional diagram of system, a calculation model has been compiled that provides a description of the operation of the systems main blocks. The load characteristic of the fuel equipment is built in the traditional version – the dependence of the fuel delivery parameters from the engine load at a constant speed. For the system under consideration, the control element is the valve assembly connecting the injection control unit (ICU) with injectors. The parameters of the load characteristic in this study are modes with a constant engine speed n=124 rpm and a change in the opening angle of the control valve in the range – jv=6.6–14.4 °CA. The parameters of the devices that largely determine the characteristics of the fuel delivery and the quality of the working processes of a diesel engine are considered in more details. Such an element of the system is ICU, the working body of which is the dosing piston. The main parameters of its operation when delivering fuel are the magnitude and speed of the stroke. For the load characteristics in the accepted range of the valve control valve opening angle jv from 6.6 to 14.4 °CA (2.18 times), the piston stroke was hp=4.29–8.61 mm (2.0 more). In this case, the dependence of hp on jv is linear. Area of use of the data received during research, ship crews and the shore services providing operation of vessels are. A material is applied in process of high school and is already used in various educational forms. The given researches are useful to developers and builders of marine diesel engines of a considered class.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135472532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286236
Rony Masud, Jihan Binte Enam
The object of the study is the carbon footprint (CO2), which is skyrocketing despite augmented awareness of this issue and a growing willingness to act. The effects of climate change have recently become more severe and have garnered international attention. Recent discussion has focused on carbon footprint as one of the most urgent global issues facing all nations. The tradeoff between carbon footprint and economic growth for credible climate change measures is still understudied in terms of rigorous economic causal analysis. To comprehend the magnitude and speed of the transition away from an agricultural-based economy, it is necessary to quantify and compare the levels of carbon footprint associated with the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors of the country. In order to understand each economic sector's individual contributions to the overall carbon footprint and to assess the relationship between level of economic diversification and the levels of emissions, first identify the main factors and forces that have an impact on each sector's carbon footprint and then consider how the country's transition away from an agricultural-based economy has affected emissions in other economic sectors. This study investigates the impact of the economy's transition away from cash crops on carbon footprint, analyzes the conversion-affecting variables, and quantifies the significance applying the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), and then regress the model. It is found that there is an inverted U-shaped pattern in the association between carbon footprint and each of industry, service, and manufacturing value added; agriculture, however, shows insignificant inverted U-shaped pattern. In addition, we discovered that every dependent variable – aside from the GDP contribution of agriculture – has a positive correlation with carbon footprint. Analysis revealed that improving agriculture results in lower carbon dioxide emissions. While the economic contributions of agriculture are more environmentally friendly, those of industry, services, and manufacturing leave carbon footprints behind to achieve sustainability, agricultural policy subsidies and deregulation may function as driving factors for the expansion of the cash crop economy. On the one hand, tax policy may be an effective instrument for boosting low-carbon energy consumption in the sector. It is presumptive that environmental phenomena, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and flues, have not had a significant impact on the economy. This article is pertinent to the nations now dealing with significant environmental problems.
{"title":"Consideration of the impact of the transition from a cash crop economy on the carbon footprint","authors":"Rony Masud, Jihan Binte Enam","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286236","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the study is the carbon footprint (CO2), which is skyrocketing despite augmented awareness of this issue and a growing willingness to act. The effects of climate change have recently become more severe and have garnered international attention. Recent discussion has focused on carbon footprint as one of the most urgent global issues facing all nations. The tradeoff between carbon footprint and economic growth for credible climate change measures is still understudied in terms of rigorous economic causal analysis. To comprehend the magnitude and speed of the transition away from an agricultural-based economy, it is necessary to quantify and compare the levels of carbon footprint associated with the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors of the country. In order to understand each economic sector's individual contributions to the overall carbon footprint and to assess the relationship between level of economic diversification and the levels of emissions, first identify the main factors and forces that have an impact on each sector's carbon footprint and then consider how the country's transition away from an agricultural-based economy has affected emissions in other economic sectors. This study investigates the impact of the economy's transition away from cash crops on carbon footprint, analyzes the conversion-affecting variables, and quantifies the significance applying the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), and then regress the model. It is found that there is an inverted U-shaped pattern in the association between carbon footprint and each of industry, service, and manufacturing value added; agriculture, however, shows insignificant inverted U-shaped pattern. In addition, we discovered that every dependent variable – aside from the GDP contribution of agriculture – has a positive correlation with carbon footprint. Analysis revealed that improving agriculture results in lower carbon dioxide emissions. While the economic contributions of agriculture are more environmentally friendly, those of industry, services, and manufacturing leave carbon footprints behind to achieve sustainability, agricultural policy subsidies and deregulation may function as driving factors for the expansion of the cash crop economy. On the one hand, tax policy may be an effective instrument for boosting low-carbon energy consumption in the sector. It is presumptive that environmental phenomena, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and flues, have not had a significant impact on the economy. This article is pertinent to the nations now dealing with significant environmental problems.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285986
N. Kuchuk, A. Shyshatskyi, Yurii Zhuravskyi, Tetiana Stasiuk, O. Nalapko, Peter Sliusar, Nadiia Protas, Olena Shaposhnikova, Sergii Pronin, Oksana Havryliuk
The scientific task, which is solved in the research, is the cognitive display of the state of the national security system with a complex hierarchical structure. As a rule, images are created individually taking into account a specific application field and interpreted by an expert (a group of experts) based on accumulated knowledge. Cognitive mapping is designed to support decision making by an expert (group of experts), monitoring and managing in real time. The object of research is the system of ensuring national security. The subject of the research is the functioning of the national security system. The research developed a method of visualization of the states of the national security system. An overview of the methods of visual graphic presentation of information about the state of multidimensional objects and systems was carried out. The novelties of the proposed method are: ‒ creation of a visual, multi-level and interconnected description of the national security system; ‒ increasing the efficiency of decision making while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ solving the problem of falling into global and local extremes while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ combination of graphic and numerical display of controlled state parameters of the national security system; ‒ avoiding the problem of loops while visualizing the state of the national security system in real time. The specified method should be implemented in specialized software, which is used to analyze the state of the national security system and make management decisions.
{"title":"The development of a method for visualizing the states of the national security system","authors":"N. Kuchuk, A. Shyshatskyi, Yurii Zhuravskyi, Tetiana Stasiuk, O. Nalapko, Peter Sliusar, Nadiia Protas, Olena Shaposhnikova, Sergii Pronin, Oksana Havryliuk","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285986","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific task, which is solved in the research, is the cognitive display of the state of the national security system with a complex hierarchical structure. As a rule, images are created individually taking into account a specific application field and interpreted by an expert (a group of experts) based on accumulated knowledge. Cognitive mapping is designed to support decision making by an expert (group of experts), monitoring and managing in real time. The object of research is the system of ensuring national security. The subject of the research is the functioning of the national security system. The research developed a method of visualization of the states of the national security system. An overview of the methods of visual graphic presentation of information about the state of multidimensional objects and systems was carried out. The novelties of the proposed method are: ‒ creation of a visual, multi-level and interconnected description of the national security system; ‒ increasing the efficiency of decision making while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ solving the problem of falling into global and local extremes while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ combination of graphic and numerical display of controlled state parameters of the national security system; ‒ avoiding the problem of loops while visualizing the state of the national security system in real time. The specified method should be implemented in specialized software, which is used to analyze the state of the national security system and make management decisions.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286076
Tamara Gordieieva, Arutiun Tsaturian
The object of research is the «Big 4» – a group of the largest international auditing companies, which includes: Deloitte (Great Britain), PricewaterhouseCoopers (USA), Ernst&Young (Great Britain) and KPMG (Netherlands). The target market of the «Big Four» companies is mainly large companies operating in various sectors of the world economy and regions of the world. Over the years, the «Big 4» companies have been leading the global audit services market and growing their revenues. Companies offer audit, tax and consulting services to their clients. This study is aimed at determining and evaluating the influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of companies and identifying the key endogenous determinants of the sustainability of their development. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of growth rates of global gross domestic product and aggregate global income of the «Big 4» companies during 2009–2022 showed their similarity, but not identity. The annual growth rates of the «Big 4» aggregate income mostly exceeded similar indicators of the global gross domestic product. The conducted correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the aggregate revenues of the «Big 4» companies on the economic situation in the world confirmed the significant influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of the «Big 4» and made it possible to determine the level of this influence. A number of endogenous determinants contributing to the sustainable development of a group of companies in an unstable economic environment have been identified: the target segment (the largest international and national companies), broad industry diversification and geographical coverage of client companies, timely updating of the range of services in accordance with demand, effective international marketing strategies, use innovative technologies, highly professional management and company personnel.
{"title":"Analysis of trends and determinants of the «Big 4» companies in the global audit market","authors":"Tamara Gordieieva, Arutiun Tsaturian","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286076","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the «Big 4» – a group of the largest international auditing companies, which includes: Deloitte (Great Britain), PricewaterhouseCoopers (USA), Ernst&Young (Great Britain) and KPMG (Netherlands). The target market of the «Big Four» companies is mainly large companies operating in various sectors of the world economy and regions of the world. Over the years, the «Big 4» companies have been leading the global audit services market and growing their revenues. Companies offer audit, tax and consulting services to their clients. This study is aimed at determining and evaluating the influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of companies and identifying the key endogenous determinants of the sustainability of their development. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of growth rates of global gross domestic product and aggregate global income of the «Big 4» companies during 2009–2022 showed their similarity, but not identity. The annual growth rates of the «Big 4» aggregate income mostly exceeded similar indicators of the global gross domestic product. The conducted correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the aggregate revenues of the «Big 4» companies on the economic situation in the world confirmed the significant influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of the «Big 4» and made it possible to determine the level of this influence. A number of endogenous determinants contributing to the sustainable development of a group of companies in an unstable economic environment have been identified: the target segment (the largest international and national companies), broad industry diversification and geographical coverage of client companies, timely updating of the range of services in accordance with demand, effective international marketing strategies, use innovative technologies, highly professional management and company personnel.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286039
Sergii V. Sagin, Sergii S. Sagin, Volodymyr Madey
The requirements of the MARPOL international convention on ensuring the environmental performance of marine diesel engines in relation to the emission of sulfur oxides, as well as marine fuels during navigation passages of sea transport vessels in special ecological areas, are given. The use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases and the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel, are considered as methods that meet these requirements. The research was carried out on ships of the Bulker Carrier class with deadweight of 63,246 tons during the navigation transition between the ports of Northern Europe. One of the vessels used scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases as a method of environmental safety management. The other is the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel. Both vessels are equipped with a 5S60ME-C8.2 MAN-Diesel&Turbo marine diesel engine as the main engine, and three 6EY18ALW Yanmar diesel engines as auxiliary engines. The ratio of sulfur oxides to carbon oxides – SO2/CO2 – was chosen as an indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental safety management methods. This value was monitored and regulated by an automatic monitoring system. It was found that both methods meet the requirements of the MARPOL convention, namely, they will support the SO2/CO2 ratio in the range of 2.29–4.17 (when in special environmental control zones) and in the range of 6.46–20.83 (when in outside the zone of special environmental control). The use of environmental safety management methods increases energy costs for ensuring this process. When using exhaust gas scrubbing, additional power losses reach 237–278 kW. In the case of using a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel, power losses amount to 18–20 kW. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel is characterized by a lower level of environmental sustainability. At the same time, compared to the use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases, this method requires less energy consumption and is also characterized by simpler additional equipment. In this regard (and also taking into account that all the requirements of Annex VI MARPOL are provided), it is recommended as the main one to ensure the environmental safety of navigation passages of sea transport vessels.
{"title":"Analysis of methods of managing the environmental safety of the navigation passage of ships of maritime transport","authors":"Sergii V. Sagin, Sergii S. Sagin, Volodymyr Madey","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286039","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements of the MARPOL international convention on ensuring the environmental performance of marine diesel engines in relation to the emission of sulfur oxides, as well as marine fuels during navigation passages of sea transport vessels in special ecological areas, are given. The use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases and the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel, are considered as methods that meet these requirements. The research was carried out on ships of the Bulker Carrier class with deadweight of 63,246 tons during the navigation transition between the ports of Northern Europe. One of the vessels used scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases as a method of environmental safety management. The other is the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel. Both vessels are equipped with a 5S60ME-C8.2 MAN-Diesel&Turbo marine diesel engine as the main engine, and three 6EY18ALW Yanmar diesel engines as auxiliary engines. The ratio of sulfur oxides to carbon oxides – SO2/CO2 – was chosen as an indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental safety management methods. This value was monitored and regulated by an automatic monitoring system. It was found that both methods meet the requirements of the MARPOL convention, namely, they will support the SO2/CO2 ratio in the range of 2.29–4.17 (when in special environmental control zones) and in the range of 6.46–20.83 (when in outside the zone of special environmental control). The use of environmental safety management methods increases energy costs for ensuring this process. When using exhaust gas scrubbing, additional power losses reach 237–278 kW. In the case of using a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel, power losses amount to 18–20 kW. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel is characterized by a lower level of environmental sustainability. At the same time, compared to the use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases, this method requires less energy consumption and is also characterized by simpler additional equipment. In this regard (and also taking into account that all the requirements of Annex VI MARPOL are provided), it is recommended as the main one to ensure the environmental safety of navigation passages of sea transport vessels.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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