Kashf Rafiq, Ayesha T Tahir, Ramsha Ahmed, S. Riaz
Plant Biodiversity and its Role in Treating Abstract After the emergence of novel corona virus infection, in Wuhan, the city of China, this deadly pandemic in no time has affected the whole world including 216 countries [1]. Till now, no specific medicine or vaccine has been identified as its ultimate treatment. According to our analysis, it is found that traditional Chinese and Moroccan medicines, Indian traditional herbal medicines, and a wide variety of plants are effective in boosting our immunity which ultimately helps to fight against this virus. We have summarized 164 phytochemicals from these 80 plants that includes Yupingfeng San, Astragalus, Fangfeng, Yinqiao san, Maxinshigan tang, Baihegujin tang, Radix scutellaria, Ginseng, Crocus sativus , etc. All the phytochemicals were found to have different roles in inhibiting and suppressing the virus mechanisms and in relieving the symptoms against COVID-19. Further in-vitro and in-vivo experiments and research on these phyto-chemicals are needed to find the best possible treatment against COVID-19.
{"title":"Plant Biodiversity and its Role in Treating COVID-19","authors":"Kashf Rafiq, Ayesha T Tahir, Ramsha Ahmed, S. Riaz","doi":"10.26502/ijpaes.202127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202127","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Biodiversity and its Role in Treating Abstract After the emergence of novel corona virus infection, in Wuhan, the city of China, this deadly pandemic in no time has affected the whole world including 216 countries [1]. Till now, no specific medicine or vaccine has been identified as its ultimate treatment. According to our analysis, it is found that traditional Chinese and Moroccan medicines, Indian traditional herbal medicines, and a wide variety of plants are effective in boosting our immunity which ultimately helps to fight against this virus. We have summarized 164 phytochemicals from these 80 plants that includes Yupingfeng San, Astragalus, Fangfeng, Yinqiao san, Maxinshigan tang, Baihegujin tang, Radix scutellaria, Ginseng, Crocus sativus , etc. All the phytochemicals were found to have different roles in inhibiting and suppressing the virus mechanisms and in relieving the symptoms against COVID-19. Further in-vitro and in-vivo experiments and research on these phyto-chemicals are needed to find the best possible treatment against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91490278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(Classical the Characters and Different Biochemical Aspects in Abstract Music is an integral part of our nature and society [1]. The harmonic octave consonants and their frequencies are now-a-days used as a therapy, being popularly called as music therapy. However, the impact of music on our physical and physiological processes of living beings has been acknowledged since ages. Rhythmic and comforting music has an influence on physical and physiological conditions and behavior of living organisms such as humans, plants and animals [2]. According to various studies, Indian Classical music has been confirmed to encourage plant growth positively and it has also been observed to dominate the other important genres of music such as western classical, rock and monotonous sounds [3]. The present research work is aimed at finding the exclusive impact and effect of the harmonic octave consonants and their frequencies in different strings and closed-pipe Indian classical instrumental music displayed through various Ragaas , viz: Raga Kedar (flute), Raga Kedar (santoor), Raga-Rageshree (sitar), Raga- Bhairavi (flute), biochemical aspects in sweet leaf viz., Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). The results were surprising as the treated plants showed higher efficacy in terms of both its physiognomic and biochemical aspects as compared to the control plants. The results were depicted here through tabulations and figures. Physiognomic parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf lamina length, leaf lamina breadth, leaf texture, leaf color, spread of plant in east- west and in north-south directions and diameter of the stem for a period of 30 days. Treated plants showed an increment in the growth as compared to the control and survived longer (20 days longer) than the control plants.
{"title":"Impact of Harmonic Octave Consonants (Classical Musical Notes) on the Discrete Physiognomic Characters and Different Biochemical Aspects in Sweetleaf viz., Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)","authors":"S. Padhi, R. Swain, Pragyan P Rout","doi":"10.26502/ijpaes.202131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202131","url":null,"abstract":"(Classical the Characters and Different Biochemical Aspects in Abstract Music is an integral part of our nature and society [1]. The harmonic octave consonants and their frequencies are now-a-days used as a therapy, being popularly called as music therapy. However, the impact of music on our physical and physiological processes of living beings has been acknowledged since ages. Rhythmic and comforting music has an influence on physical and physiological conditions and behavior of living organisms such as humans, plants and animals [2]. According to various studies, Indian Classical music has been confirmed to encourage plant growth positively and it has also been observed to dominate the other important genres of music such as western classical, rock and monotonous sounds [3]. The present research work is aimed at finding the exclusive impact and effect of the harmonic octave consonants and their frequencies in different strings and closed-pipe Indian classical instrumental music displayed through various Ragaas , viz: Raga Kedar (flute), Raga Kedar (santoor), Raga-Rageshree (sitar), Raga- Bhairavi (flute), biochemical aspects in sweet leaf viz., Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). The results were surprising as the treated plants showed higher efficacy in terms of both its physiognomic and biochemical aspects as compared to the control plants. The results were depicted here through tabulations and figures. Physiognomic parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf lamina length, leaf lamina breadth, leaf texture, leaf color, spread of plant in east- west and in north-south directions and diameter of the stem for a period of 30 days. Treated plants showed an increment in the growth as compared to the control and survived longer (20 days longer) than the control plants.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74611455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. A. Abdulle, Abdinur Ali Osman, Mohamed Ali Awale, Abdihakim Osman Heile, M. Bilal, Muhammad Nasir Subhani
Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents, Plant Extracts and Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum Abstract A comparative study was carried out among biological, chemical, and plant extract control against Fusarium wilt of chickpea. Chickpea is a valued crop and provides nutritious food for an expanding world population and will become progressively significant with climate change. Chickpea crop is getting an alarming threat all over the world. One of the most serious diseases regarding chickpea crop is Fusarium wilt, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris ( Foc ). In this research different experiments were conducted for the management of Fusarium colony reduction (31.58%). While, Trichoderma harzianum showed a best biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt of Chickpea.
摘要采用生物防制剂、植物提取物和杀菌剂对鹰嘴豆枯萎病进行了生物防制、化学防制和植物提取物防制的比较研究。鹰嘴豆是一种有价值的作物，为不断增长的世界人口提供营养食物，随着气候变化，鹰嘴豆将变得越来越重要。鹰嘴豆作物在世界范围内受到了令人担忧的威胁。鹰嘴豆作物最严重的病害之一是枯萎病，它是由镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, Foc)引起的。本研究对镰刀菌菌落减少(31.58%)进行了不同的管理实验。而哈兹木霉是鹰嘴豆枯萎病的最佳防制剂。
{"title":"Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents, Plant Extracts and Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris","authors":"Y. A. Abdulle, Abdinur Ali Osman, Mohamed Ali Awale, Abdihakim Osman Heile, M. Bilal, Muhammad Nasir Subhani","doi":"10.26502/ijpaes.202130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202130","url":null,"abstract":"Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents, Plant Extracts and Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum Abstract A comparative study was carried out among biological, chemical, and plant extract control against Fusarium wilt of chickpea. Chickpea is a valued crop and provides nutritious food for an expanding world population and will become progressively significant with climate change. Chickpea crop is getting an alarming threat all over the world. One of the most serious diseases regarding chickpea crop is Fusarium wilt, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris ( Foc ). In this research different experiments were conducted for the management of Fusarium colony reduction (31.58%). While, Trichoderma harzianum showed a best biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt of Chickpea.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81022249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song Dialects of Wrens ( Troglodytes troglodytes ) in Three Districts Abstract Vocal signals, including spoken languages and birdsongs, are composed of a finite number of acoustic elements, including repetition, which is composed of a combination of these elements linked together by syntactic rules. While songbirds follow specie-specific syntactical rules, they often show regional dialects presumably due to the acquisition process of their songs. Many previous studies have examined migratory birds that seasonally traveled abroad; thus, it is unclear whether the dialects are restricted within the geometric regions. Here, we examined the songbird wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes ), which is a sedentary songbird with one of the most complex songs, in three areas: Mount Aso (Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan), Mount Ishizuchi (Ehime Prefecture, Japan), and Mount Daisen (Tottori Prefecture, Japan). We examined ten birds in each area and identified each bird using binoculars, and syntactic more different types of trills. All birds used trills and whistles. Our results suggest that sedentary songbirds, in addition to migratory birds, have dialects in song syntactic structure.
{"title":"Song Dialects of Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) in Three Districts in Japan","authors":"Hisataka Fujimoto, Taku Hasegawa","doi":"10.26502/ijpaes.202134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202134","url":null,"abstract":"Song Dialects of Wrens ( Troglodytes troglodytes ) in Three Districts Abstract Vocal signals, including spoken languages and birdsongs, are composed of a finite number of acoustic elements, including repetition, which is composed of a combination of these elements linked together by syntactic rules. While songbirds follow specie-specific syntactical rules, they often show regional dialects presumably due to the acquisition process of their songs. Many previous studies have examined migratory birds that seasonally traveled abroad; thus, it is unclear whether the dialects are restricted within the geometric regions. Here, we examined the songbird wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes ), which is a sedentary songbird with one of the most complex songs, in three areas: Mount Aso (Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan), Mount Ishizuchi (Ehime Prefecture, Japan), and Mount Daisen (Tottori Prefecture, Japan). We examined ten birds in each area and identified each bird using binoculars, and syntactic more different types of trills. All birds used trills and whistles. Our results suggest that sedentary songbirds, in addition to migratory birds, have dialects in song syntactic structure.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78632441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-848733/v1
D. E. Nierode
Climate Change due to excessive buildup of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere from hydrocarbon combustion is one explanation (NASA greenhouse effect) for the Earth’s temperature increase since 1850. If this is true, then eliminating fossil fuel use is the only way to preserve our planet. However, there is another explanation for Global Warming/Climate Change that leads to the opposite conclusion – hydrocarbon energy will be needed well into the future to cope with future, excessively hot and cold temperature cycles. This paper will show that the Global Warming/Climate Change underway on Earth today is a totally natural occurrence with solid scientific and historical support. The Earth is currently in the upswing part of its normal temperature cycle. Very warm (Medieval Warming) and very cold (Little Ice Age) cycles have been historically documented on Earth for at least the last 3,000 years. This cyclicity has a repeated period of about every 1,500 years (Singer 2008). This explanation for the Earth’s temperature increases since 1850 is captured in a mathematical model called the Cyclical Sine Model. This model fits past climate cycles, measured temperatures since 1850, and correlates closely with the cyclicity of Bond Atlantic Drift Ice Cycles (Bond 1997), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (NASA AMO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (NASA PDO). This model also quantitively explains the time span 1945-1975 when an impending ice age was feared (Time Magazine 1974). The Cyclical Sine Model is the best explanation for the Earth’s recent temperature increases.
{"title":"The Cyclical Sine Model Explanation for Climate Change","authors":"D. E. Nierode","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-848733/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-848733/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate Change due to excessive buildup of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere from hydrocarbon combustion is one explanation (NASA greenhouse effect) for the Earth’s temperature increase since 1850. If this is true, then eliminating fossil fuel use is the only way to preserve our planet. However, there is another explanation for Global Warming/Climate Change that leads to the opposite conclusion – hydrocarbon energy will be needed well into the future to cope with future, excessively hot and cold temperature cycles. This paper will show that the Global Warming/Climate Change underway on Earth today is a totally natural occurrence with solid scientific and historical support. The Earth is currently in the upswing part of its normal temperature cycle. Very warm (Medieval Warming) and very cold (Little Ice Age) cycles have been historically documented on Earth for at least the last 3,000 years. This cyclicity has a repeated period of about every 1,500 years (Singer 2008). This explanation for the Earth’s temperature increases since 1850 is captured in a mathematical model called the Cyclical Sine Model. This model fits past climate cycles, measured temperatures since 1850, and correlates closely with the cyclicity of Bond Atlantic Drift Ice Cycles (Bond 1997), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (NASA AMO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (NASA PDO). This model also quantitively explains the time span 1945-1975 when an impending ice age was feared (Time Magazine 1974). The Cyclical Sine Model is the best explanation for the Earth’s recent temperature increases.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83116634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-701133/V1
Yuichi Takahashi, S. Kawashima, Yusuke Suzuki, S. Kakehata
Recently, with the proliferation of automatic Cryptomeria japonica pollen monitors, it has become possible to obtain data measured simultaneously from multiple locations. The KH-3000 monitor used by the Pollen Observation System of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, “Hanako-san”, and the “Pollen Robo” monitor created by Weathernews Inc. were installed in various places in the Tohoku region for collection of simultaneous pollen count data, and the results indicated that the period of the day when large amounts of C. japonica pollen were dispersed may be related to the passage of a cold front extending from a low pressure system. When the types of pollen dispersed on that day were examined under a microscope, most of them were C. japonica pollen. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the periods of these two events, with transit time of the cold front determined from the point when the wind direction changed from eastward to westward. The area with a high concentration of C. japonica pollen moved from the Sea of Japan side to the Pacific Ocean side in conjunction with the movement of the front. In 40% of the cases, the highest dispersion of C. japonica pollen occurred at the same time as the front passed, and 90% of the cases were within two hours before or after the passage. The number of dispersions was high in the northern part of the Tohoku region close to the low pressure system at the end of the front and low in the southernmost part of the Tohoku region away from this system.
{"title":"Relationship between large amounts of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don pollen dispersion and cold front passage","authors":"Yuichi Takahashi, S. Kawashima, Yusuke Suzuki, S. Kakehata","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-701133/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-701133/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recently, with the proliferation of automatic Cryptomeria japonica pollen monitors, it has become possible to obtain data measured simultaneously from multiple locations. The KH-3000 monitor used by the Pollen Observation System of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, “Hanako-san”, and the “Pollen Robo” monitor created by Weathernews Inc. were installed in various places in the Tohoku region for collection of simultaneous pollen count data, and the results indicated that the period of the day when large amounts of C. japonica pollen were dispersed may be related to the passage of a cold front extending from a low pressure system. When the types of pollen dispersed on that day were examined under a microscope, most of them were C. japonica pollen. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the periods of these two events, with transit time of the cold front determined from the point when the wind direction changed from eastward to westward. The area with a high concentration of C. japonica pollen moved from the Sea of Japan side to the Pacific Ocean side in conjunction with the movement of the front. In 40% of the cases, the highest dispersion of C. japonica pollen occurred at the same time as the front passed, and 90% of the cases were within two hours before or after the passage. The number of dispersions was high in the northern part of the Tohoku region close to the low pressure system at the end of the front and low in the southernmost part of the Tohoku region away from this system.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85904938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soukaina Ouansafi, F. Bellali, M. Kabine, Hind Maaghloud, F. Abdelilah
Aubergine cultivation experiments were carried out at the Ain Chock Faculty of Science of the Hassan 2 University in Casablanca, to study the effect of potable water (PW), waste water (WW) and treated wastewater (TW) on aubergine crop production and on physico-chemical properties, SDH activity and microbiological properties of aubergine fruits. The aubergine growth was not significantly affected by different treatments. K+, NO3-, lipid, protein and Vitamin C content were insignificant in plant irrigated with TW compared with PW. For the microbiological results, no bacterial colonies of Faecal Streptococcus, Vibrio cholerae or Salmonella were identified in all the fruits studied for any irrigation system and total coliforms and fecal coliforms were below to acceptable limits for plant. The results of SDH activity showed that leaves presented higher activity compared to fruits and roots. Treated wastewater can be a resource for agricultural irrigation.
{"title":"Growth, SDH Activity and Microbiological Properties of Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) crops Irrigated with Treated Wastewater from Casablanca city, Morocco","authors":"Soukaina Ouansafi, F. Bellali, M. Kabine, Hind Maaghloud, F. Abdelilah","doi":"10.26502/IJPAES.202102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/IJPAES.202102","url":null,"abstract":"Aubergine cultivation experiments were carried out at the Ain Chock Faculty of Science of the Hassan 2 University in Casablanca, to study the effect of potable water (PW), waste water (WW) and treated wastewater (TW) on aubergine crop production and on physico-chemical properties, SDH activity and microbiological properties of aubergine fruits. The aubergine growth was not significantly affected by different treatments. K+, NO3-, lipid, protein and Vitamin C content were insignificant in plant irrigated with TW compared with PW. For the microbiological results, no bacterial colonies of Faecal Streptococcus, Vibrio cholerae or Salmonella were identified in all the fruits studied for any irrigation system and total coliforms and fecal coliforms were below to acceptable limits for plant. The results of SDH activity showed that leaves presented higher activity compared to fruits and roots. Treated wastewater can be a resource for agricultural irrigation.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"206-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81180450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study assessed the structure, natural regeneration capacity and Biotic agents of Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species in Mida creek, Kilifi County. The study used both cross section and descriptive research design. Avicennia marina species was more dominant with a greater complexity index (A2.7, B0.4), basal area (A588cm2, B484cm2) and mean height (A26m, B10m) compared to Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species with both having an aggregate dispersion pattern. During dry season, Height, and diameter of Avicennia marina had a correlation of 0.56 while Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species had 0.78. During rainy season both had a correlation of 0.67. B. gymnorrhiza species had more straight poles than A. marina species, 75.3% of B. gymnorrhiza trees assessed had straight pole compared to 1.7% of Avicennia marina trees. Both Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species had fair regeneration capacity where the number of seedlings was greater than saplings and number of saplings was less than mature trees. Littoraria scabra fed mostly on micro-organisms and algae, Littoraria Glabrata fed mostly on mud surface, Sesarma guttata and Sesarma leptosoma fed on mangrove leaves, Cerithidea decollata fed on deposits and organic matter, Terebralia palustris and Selatium elongatium fed more on algae and leaves, Sesasrmi ortmanni, Metopograpsus oceanicus and Neosarmatium meinerti fed on leaves and young propagules, Barnacles and Oyster bunch on the roots and stems of B. gymnorrhiza species. Biotic agents were insignificant in affecting regeneration capacity of A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza species however combinations with climatic and anthropogenic factors affected Regeneration capacity of the two species.
{"title":"Assessment of Structure and Natural Regeneration Capacity of Avicennia Marina and Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza Species of Mangroves in Mida Creek Kilifi County, Kenya","authors":"David Amakanga Erasto, B. Okeyo, N. Dharani","doi":"10.26502/IJPAES.202106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/IJPAES.202106","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the structure, natural regeneration capacity and Biotic agents of Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species in Mida creek, Kilifi County. The study used both cross section and descriptive research design. Avicennia marina species was more dominant with a greater complexity index (A2.7, B0.4), basal area (A588cm2, B484cm2) and mean height (A26m, B10m) compared to Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species with both having an aggregate dispersion pattern. During dry season, Height, and diameter of Avicennia marina had a correlation of 0.56 while Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species had 0.78. During rainy season both had a correlation of 0.67. B. gymnorrhiza species had more straight poles than A. marina species, 75.3% of B. gymnorrhiza trees assessed had straight pole compared to 1.7% of Avicennia marina trees. Both Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species had fair regeneration capacity where the number of seedlings was greater than saplings and number of saplings was less than mature trees. Littoraria scabra fed mostly on micro-organisms and algae, Littoraria Glabrata fed mostly on mud surface, Sesarma guttata and Sesarma leptosoma fed on mangrove leaves, Cerithidea decollata fed on deposits and organic matter, Terebralia palustris and Selatium elongatium fed more on algae and leaves, Sesasrmi ortmanni, Metopograpsus oceanicus and Neosarmatium meinerti fed on leaves and young propagules, Barnacles and Oyster bunch on the roots and stems of B. gymnorrhiza species. Biotic agents were insignificant in affecting regeneration capacity of A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza species however combinations with climatic and anthropogenic factors affected Regeneration capacity of the two species.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"262-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90065111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deog-Yong Lee, Seung-Rye Cho, S. Chae, Sae-Jin Oh, W. Choi, M. Han
In 2019, an outbreak of hepatitis A was reported in South Korea due to the ingestion of salted shellfish contaminated with hepatitis A virus. In a survey of the contamination of salted shellfish, hepatitis A virus (HAV) type IA was detected, and it was confirmed that it originated from clams produced in one of the clam farms located in the western parts of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the cycle of human infection by HAV contaminating
{"title":"A Case of Hepatitis A Virus Detection in River Water Flowing into Tidal Flats","authors":"Deog-Yong Lee, Seung-Rye Cho, S. Chae, Sae-Jin Oh, W. Choi, M. Han","doi":"10.26502/ijpaes.202119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202119","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, an outbreak of hepatitis A was reported in South Korea due to the ingestion of salted shellfish contaminated with hepatitis A virus. In a survey of the contamination of salted shellfish, hepatitis A virus (HAV) type IA was detected, and it was confirmed that it originated from clams produced in one of the clam farms located in the western parts of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the cycle of human infection by HAV contaminating","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88399472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Njehu Jm, Wabuyele Emily, Mutune An, Kevin Omollo, Kamondo Bm
This study was conducted to understand the effect of nature of seed (nut or seed), storage conditions and storage time on the germination of Melia volkensii seeds. Two seed lots were stored for germination tests after storage of germination materials for 2, 4 and 6 months. Laboratory experimental setup involved three treatments: 1) some seeds were extracted while others were stored as nuts, 2) Storing the seeds in open and closed containers and 3) storage of the seeds in ambient temperature at 30 °C and cold storage at -20 °C. It was observed that the rate of germination and germination capacity of M. volkensii seeds increased with extension of storage time. Germination percen-tages were analyzed using R and SAS statistical software. Significance of variation for each month was tested using ANOVA at P≤ 0.05, and means were separated using fisher’s protected least significant difference test. Seed germination after 6 months of storage greatly improved for all storage treatments. The scientific procedure in the present study improved germination from 14 % when seeds were stored for 2 months in open containers at room temperature to 89% when nuts were stored in open containers in room temperature for 6 months. This study is vital in understanding seed storage behavior which is essential in planning and carrying out planting programmes; consequently, enhancing sus-tainable utilization of M. volkensii. Findings on appro-priate storage of nuts and seeds of M. volkensii will help develop a guideline on establishing a seed stock to ensure seed supply at all times even in times of irregular fruiting.
{"title":"Optimizing Germination of Melia volkensii Gürke after Storage of Seeds and Nuts in Different Storage Conditions","authors":"Njehu Jm, Wabuyele Emily, Mutune An, Kevin Omollo, Kamondo Bm","doi":"10.26502/ijpaes.202120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202120","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to understand the effect of nature of seed (nut or seed), storage conditions and storage time on the germination of Melia volkensii seeds. Two seed lots were stored for germination tests after storage of germination materials for 2, 4 and 6 months. Laboratory experimental setup involved three treatments: 1) some seeds were extracted while others were stored as nuts, 2) Storing the seeds in open and closed containers and 3) storage of the seeds in ambient temperature at 30 °C and cold storage at -20 °C. It was observed that the rate of germination and germination capacity of M. volkensii seeds increased with extension of storage time. Germination percen-tages were analyzed using R and SAS statistical software. Significance of variation for each month was tested using ANOVA at P≤ 0.05, and means were separated using fisher’s protected least significant difference test. Seed germination after 6 months of storage greatly improved for all storage treatments. The scientific procedure in the present study improved germination from 14 % when seeds were stored for 2 months in open containers at room temperature to 89% when nuts were stored in open containers in room temperature for 6 months. This study is vital in understanding seed storage behavior which is essential in planning and carrying out planting programmes; consequently, enhancing sus-tainable utilization of M. volkensii. Findings on appro-priate storage of nuts and seeds of M. volkensii will help develop a guideline on establishing a seed stock to ensure seed supply at all times even in times of irregular fruiting.","PeriodicalId":22532,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87200005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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