BACKGROUND:Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of adrenal medulla and only 5-10% of pheochromocytoma are malignant. Surgical resection is the only mode of treatment .Methods:A case report with review of literature is presented in briefResults: Overall prognosis in benign case: 5 yr survival rate is >90% and in malignant case: about 40%
{"title":"A giant malignant pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland: biologic time bomb","authors":"Vipul D Yagnik, Jignesh B. Rathod, R. Bhatt","doi":"10.5580/f61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/f61","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND:Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of adrenal medulla and only 5-10% of pheochromocytoma are malignant. Surgical resection is the only mode of treatment .Methods:A case report with review of literature is presented in briefResults: Overall prognosis in benign case: 5 yr survival rate is >90% and in malignant case: about 40%","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81362745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports of calcifying metastases of the liver in cases of lung cancer are sparse in literature. Several cases of calcifying liver metastases in cases of adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal tract, bone tumours and ovarian tumours have been described. Reports of calcification developing in the primary tumours and the metastatic foci on resumption of chemotherapy are well known too.1 Also the presence of calcification in pulmonary cancers is considered generally as a pointer towards a possible benign nature. However studies have shown that calcification as a criterion to determine the benign nature is fallacious and can be misleading. Mechanism of calcification can be due to engulfment of a benign calcification or due to an intrinsic mechanism.2 Synchronous tumours of the lung are found occasionally and are associated with a poorer prognosis. Synchronous tumours of the lung have been described as two different tumours existing in different lobes or different sides of the lungs at the same time.3 Here we describe an interesting case of synchronous primary lung cancer with calcification and multiple calcified liver metastases.
{"title":"Calcified Metastases From Carcinoma Lung","authors":"S. Gayathri, C. Kaushik, U. Garga, B. Baruah","doi":"10.5580/bb7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/bb7","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of calcifying metastases of the liver in cases of lung cancer are sparse in literature. Several cases of calcifying liver metastases in cases of adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal tract, bone tumours and ovarian tumours have been described. Reports of calcification developing in the primary tumours and the metastatic foci on resumption of chemotherapy are well known too.1 Also the presence of calcification in pulmonary cancers is considered generally as a pointer towards a possible benign nature. However studies have shown that calcification as a criterion to determine the benign nature is fallacious and can be misleading. Mechanism of calcification can be due to engulfment of a benign calcification or due to an intrinsic mechanism.2 Synchronous tumours of the lung are found occasionally and are associated with a poorer prognosis. Synchronous tumours of the lung have been described as two different tumours existing in different lobes or different sides of the lungs at the same time.3 Here we describe an interesting case of synchronous primary lung cancer with calcification and multiple calcified liver metastases.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73819528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ribonucleases (RNase) catalyses the breakdown of RNA into smaller components. The cytotoxic effects of RNase include the RNA cleavage leading to the inhibition of the protein synthesis and the induction of apoptosis. RNases uniquely influence several functions in the tumor cell simultaneously and demonstrated the ability to overcome multi-drug resistance and to enhance the cytotoxicity of a variety of anti-cancer agents. Different RNases such as onconases, bovine seminal RNase, RNase T1, α-sarcin, RNase P, actibind and RNaseT2 have recently been studied for the treatment of different type of cancers.
{"title":"RNase: A Novel Enzyme For Treatment Of Cancers","authors":"S. Suri, B. Panda, S. Javed, A. Mohd","doi":"10.5580/8fb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/8fb","url":null,"abstract":"Ribonucleases (RNase) catalyses the breakdown of RNA into smaller components. The cytotoxic effects of RNase include the RNA cleavage leading to the inhibition of the protein synthesis and the induction of apoptosis. RNases uniquely influence several functions in the tumor cell simultaneously and demonstrated the ability to overcome multi-drug resistance and to enhance the cytotoxicity of a variety of anti-cancer agents. Different RNases such as onconases, bovine seminal RNase, RNase T1, α-sarcin, RNase P, actibind and RNaseT2 have recently been studied for the treatment of different type of cancers.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74778573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Andhavarapu, B. Low, Jaya Raj, S. Skinner, Jorge Armenta-Corona
Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy affecting males between the ages of 15 and 35, although it accounts for only 1 percent of all cancers in men. In patients presenting with manifestations of extragonadal germ cell tumor or lymphoma, it is important to rule out a primary tumor in the testes, even when they do not present with symptoms such as testicular pain or mass. Here we describe a case of burned out tumor of testis with extensive metastases in a patient who had no testicular symptoms and discuss the importance of imaging and further management.
{"title":"Regressed Testicular Seminoma with Extensive Metastases","authors":"S. Andhavarapu, B. Low, Jaya Raj, S. Skinner, Jorge Armenta-Corona","doi":"10.5580/15f5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/15f5","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy affecting males between the ages of 15 and 35, although it accounts for only 1 percent of all cancers in men. In patients presenting with manifestations of extragonadal germ cell tumor or lymphoma, it is important to rule out a primary tumor in the testes, even when they do not present with symptoms such as testicular pain or mass. Here we describe a case of burned out tumor of testis with extensive metastases in a patient who had no testicular symptoms and discuss the importance of imaging and further management.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85010528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To review the scientific literature evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of Idarubicin, an anthracycline indicated for treatment acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) including French-American-British (FAB) classifications M1 through M7 Data sources: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE (1966–April 2007) using the key words idarubicin (IDA), acute myelogenous leukemia, anthracyclines. Additional citations were identified from bibliographies of publications cited. Study selection and data extraction: Experimental and observational studies of IDA were selected. Trials of the efficacy of the drug in humans were the focus of the review. Data synthesis: IDA is an effective alternative for the treatment of different types of AML. It significantly increases complete response rate and survival time when used in combination with other antileukemic drug. In comparative studies, there was a trend toward the superiority of IDA over daunorubicin. However, these data are insufficient to recommend IDA as a replacement for daunorubicin, and further studies will be required to ascertain if statistically significant differences in efficacy exist between the two drugs. Conclusions: Current available clinical trials do not show advantage of one anthracycline over another. However, for APL the combination of all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline induction therapy represents the mainstay of therapy.
{"title":"Idarubicin: An Anthracycline For Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","authors":"L. Alnaim","doi":"10.5580/2444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2444","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review the scientific literature evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of Idarubicin, an anthracycline indicated for treatment acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) including French-American-British (FAB) classifications M1 through M7 Data sources: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE (1966–April 2007) using the key words idarubicin (IDA), acute myelogenous leukemia, anthracyclines. Additional citations were identified from bibliographies of publications cited. Study selection and data extraction: Experimental and observational studies of IDA were selected. Trials of the efficacy of the drug in humans were the focus of the review. Data synthesis: IDA is an effective alternative for the treatment of different types of AML. It significantly increases complete response rate and survival time when used in combination with other antileukemic drug. In comparative studies, there was a trend toward the superiority of IDA over daunorubicin. However, these data are insufficient to recommend IDA as a replacement for daunorubicin, and further studies will be required to ascertain if statistically significant differences in efficacy exist between the two drugs. Conclusions: Current available clinical trials do not show advantage of one anthracycline over another. However, for APL the combination of all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline induction therapy represents the mainstay of therapy.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85549165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mixed composition carcinomas of the large intestine are rare. The aggressiveness of these malignant tumors depends on the components of the tumor. We present the case of a middle-aged man who developed an acute surgical abdomen due to perforation of a mixed composition carcinoma with a dominant small cell component. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of a composite cecal carcinoma with lymph node metastases from both the small cell and adenocarcinoma components.
{"title":"Composite carcinoma of the colon: A case report with literature review","authors":"M. Nair, O. Fafemi, R. Borgstein, J. Rees","doi":"10.5580/364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/364","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed composition carcinomas of the large intestine are rare. The aggressiveness of these malignant tumors depends on the components of the tumor. We present the case of a middle-aged man who developed an acute surgical abdomen due to perforation of a mixed composition carcinoma with a dominant small cell component. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of a composite cecal carcinoma with lymph node metastases from both the small cell and adenocarcinoma components.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77767189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results: All but 13 of the 65 confirmed cases were males, giving a male to female ratio of 4 to 1. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder (n=46) was significantly commoner than transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cases (n=15), in those with past history of Schistosomiasis (p< 0.001), with a Relative Risk (RR) of 4.06. Also 65.2% of SCC showed Schistosomiasis in the histology specimen compared with 13.3% of TCC cases (P < 0.001) Four patients had undifferentiated carcinoma, 3 (75%) of which showed Schistosoma ova in their specimen. Patients with SCC were significantly younger (45.26 +/- SD13.5years) than those with TCC (P< 0.001). Our patients were mostly farmers of low socio-economic class. Most presented with advanced disease, thus treatment was mostly palliative and the outcome quite poor. Conclusion: This result clearly shows that carcinoma of the bladder in Maiduguri, North East of Nigeria, is mainly SCC and strongly associated with Schistosomiasis. Therefore, a deliberate policy and effort to control Schistosomiasis in this region will lead to a reduction in the incidence of bladder cancer and the attendant morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Carcinoma Of The Urinary Bladder In Maiduguri: The Schistosomiasis Connection","authors":"U. Eni, H. Na'aya, H. Nggada, D. Dogo","doi":"10.5580/459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/459","url":null,"abstract":"Results: All but 13 of the 65 confirmed cases were males, giving a male to female ratio of 4 to 1. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder (n=46) was significantly commoner than transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cases (n=15), in those with past history of Schistosomiasis (p< 0.001), with a Relative Risk (RR) of 4.06. Also 65.2% of SCC showed Schistosomiasis in the histology specimen compared with 13.3% of TCC cases (P < 0.001) Four patients had undifferentiated carcinoma, 3 (75%) of which showed Schistosoma ova in their specimen. Patients with SCC were significantly younger (45.26 +/- SD13.5years) than those with TCC (P< 0.001). Our patients were mostly farmers of low socio-economic class. Most presented with advanced disease, thus treatment was mostly palliative and the outcome quite poor. Conclusion: This result clearly shows that carcinoma of the bladder in Maiduguri, North East of Nigeria, is mainly SCC and strongly associated with Schistosomiasis. Therefore, a deliberate policy and effort to control Schistosomiasis in this region will lead to a reduction in the incidence of bladder cancer and the attendant morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"96 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83357644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bone pain secondary to metastases decreases the quality of life of the patients who have a relatively longer survival. For the purpose of pain relief in bone metastases available modalities include analgesic drugs, radiation therapy, corticosteroids, nerve blocks, radiopharmaceutical agents, biphosphonates and surgical procedures. Analgesic drugs should be prescribed in all patients as per the WHO guidelines. Palliative single fraction radiotherapy to the appropriate target volume is recommended for metastatic bone pain relief. Radionuclide therapy is used for multifocal painful bone metastasis both above and below the diaphragm where increased uptake in painful lesions is demonstrated on bone scan. Bisphosphonates ease the symptoms of bone metastases by decreasing the activity of osteoclasts. Surgical intervention is required for patients with non vertebral metastatic lesions > 2.5 cm in diameter or with lesions located in weight bearing areas. Thus treatment needs to be individualized for adequate pain relief.
{"title":"Management of Bone Pain Secondary to Metastases","authors":"Nidhi Senior Resident, F. Patel, Suresh C. Sharma","doi":"10.5580/2190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2190","url":null,"abstract":"Bone pain secondary to metastases decreases the quality of life of the patients who have a relatively longer survival. For the purpose of pain relief in bone metastases available modalities include analgesic drugs, radiation therapy, corticosteroids, nerve blocks, radiopharmaceutical agents, biphosphonates and surgical procedures. Analgesic drugs should be prescribed in all patients as per the WHO guidelines. Palliative single fraction radiotherapy to the appropriate target volume is recommended for metastatic bone pain relief. Radionuclide therapy is used for multifocal painful bone metastasis both above and below the diaphragm where increased uptake in painful lesions is demonstrated on bone scan. Bisphosphonates ease the symptoms of bone metastases by decreasing the activity of osteoclasts. Surgical intervention is required for patients with non vertebral metastatic lesions > 2.5 cm in diameter or with lesions located in weight bearing areas. Thus treatment needs to be individualized for adequate pain relief.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82800475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a solid, locally aggressive tumor that has been linked to asbestos exposure. Without treatment MPM is associated with a poor median survival, ranging from 4 to 12 months. Extrapleural pneumonectomy offers better local control compared to pleurectomy/decortication. Chemotherapy combined with IL-2 and radiation provides some palliation. However, unsatisfactory results of these approaches have led clinicians to pursue novel therapeutic options. Local photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied with pleurectomy or extrapleural pneumonectomy. Intrapleural IFN-α radiosensitization and targeted immunotherapies may downstage tumors preoperatively. Gene therapies can sensitize tumor cells to antiviral drugs and may be used as a neoadjuvant therapy or to destroy residual tumor after resection. Inhibition of angiogenic growth factors or their receptors can slow tumor growth. Intracavitary hyperthermic chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, vaccination, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are relatively new options with potential to be integrated into multimodality approach.
{"title":"Alternative Options in the Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","authors":"S. Neragi-Miandoab, Christine Gosen","doi":"10.5580/260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/260","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a solid, locally aggressive tumor that has been linked to asbestos exposure. Without treatment MPM is associated with a poor median survival, ranging from 4 to 12 months. Extrapleural pneumonectomy offers better local control compared to pleurectomy/decortication. Chemotherapy combined with IL-2 and radiation provides some palliation. However, unsatisfactory results of these approaches have led clinicians to pursue novel therapeutic options. Local photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied with pleurectomy or extrapleural pneumonectomy. Intrapleural IFN-α radiosensitization and targeted immunotherapies may downstage tumors preoperatively. Gene therapies can sensitize tumor cells to antiviral drugs and may be used as a neoadjuvant therapy or to destroy residual tumor after resection. Inhibition of angiogenic growth factors or their receptors can slow tumor growth. Intracavitary hyperthermic chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, vaccination, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are relatively new options with potential to be integrated into multimodality approach.","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"43 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72987822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Patnayak, A. Jena, G. S. Raju, S. Uppin, I. Rao, C. Sundaram
Malignant mixed tumour of salivary gland comprises 3 different clinical entities-carcinoma arising in benign mixed tumour (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma), carcinosarcoma and metastasizing mixed malignant tumour. It constitutes approximately 12% of malignant salivary gland tumors, 6.2% of all mixed tumors and 3.6% of all salivary gland neoplasms1. Carcinosarcoma is a very rare true malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland, which is an aggressive, high-grade neoplasm with multiple episodes of recurrences and metastasis.1
{"title":"Carcinosarcoma of the parotid gland: A case report and short review of literature","authors":"R. Patnayak, A. Jena, G. S. Raju, S. Uppin, I. Rao, C. Sundaram","doi":"10.5580/c69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/c69","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant mixed tumour of salivary gland comprises 3 different clinical entities-carcinoma arising in benign mixed tumour (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma), carcinosarcoma and metastasizing mixed malignant tumour. It constitutes approximately 12% of malignant salivary gland tumors, 6.2% of all mixed tumors and 3.6% of all salivary gland neoplasms1. Carcinosarcoma is a very rare true malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland, which is an aggressive, high-grade neoplasm with multiple episodes of recurrences and metastasis.1","PeriodicalId":22534,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81112090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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