Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.468
Anisa Resti, Ani Mulyasuryani, Diah Mardiana
The development of Diazinon sensor has been studied using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-CuO membrane on the surface of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as a receptor. The membrane used consisted of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 5% (w/v), citric acid 5% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 4% (v/v), Diazinon solution 40 ppm (v/v), and CuO 5% (w/v). This study established the effect of Diazinon at 0.01,0.02 and 0.03 (w/w). besides, the concentration of CuO was 0.5 and 1 (w/w). Signal measurements were carried out in the concentration range of the Diazinon 10-12 - 10-5 M solution in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 2 - 5. Besides, the influence of the electrolyte type was studied using HCl pH 4, 10-5 M KCl, pH 3 phosphate and phosphate-KCl pH 3 buffers. The results of the Diazinon sensor characterization showed that the highest sensitivity was obtained at 42 mV/decade with a response time of 180 seconds.
{"title":"The Development of Diazinon Sensors using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membrane CuO on Surface Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) as a Receptor","authors":"Anisa Resti, Ani Mulyasuryani, Diah Mardiana","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.468","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Diazinon sensor has been studied using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-CuO membrane on the surface of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as a receptor. The membrane used consisted of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 5% (w/v), citric acid 5% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 4% (v/v), Diazinon solution 40 ppm (v/v), and CuO 5% (w/v). This study established the effect of Diazinon at 0.01,0.02 and 0.03 (w/w). besides, the concentration of CuO was 0.5 and 1 (w/w). Signal measurements were carried out in the concentration range of the Diazinon 10-12 - 10-5 M solution in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 2 - 5. Besides, the influence of the electrolyte type was studied using HCl pH 4, 10-5 M KCl, pH 3 phosphate and phosphate-KCl pH 3 buffers. The results of the Diazinon sensor characterization showed that the highest sensitivity was obtained at 42 mV/decade with a response time of 180 seconds.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85570893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.462
Anisa Lailatusy Syarifah, R. Retnowati, Hermin Sulistyarti
Curcuma longa, C. xanthorrhiza, C. heyneana, and Zingiber cassumunar contain high curcuminoid and have relatively similar yellow color. Therefore, they are potentially adulterated and difficult to differentiate in the form of powder. Hence, it is necessary to characterize the fingerprints compound profile by a simple and rapid method. This research aims to determine fingerprint compound profile of curcuminoid using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and digital image analysis. The result of the research identified that the fingerprint compound profile of curcuminoid on the four rhizomes was obtained by TLC method using silica gel 60 GF254 as the stationary phase, chloroform: dichloromethane: methanol (13:6:1) as the mobile phase, and observation under UV 254 nm light and citroborate reagent. Thereafter, the digital image analysis was carried out using Image J software according to the gray value and % of RGB (red-green-blue) value. Based on gray value and % of RGB, both Curcuma and Zingiber genera were differentiated through curcumin compound (Rf 0.63), demethoxycurcumin (Rf 0.34), bisdemethoxycurcumin (Rf 0.21). The profile of fingerprint compound on Curcuma longa, C. xanthorrhiza, C. heyneana, and Zingiber cassumunar was differentiated through Rf 0.26; Rf 0.17; and Rf 0.10.
{"title":"Characterization of the Curcuminoids Fingerprint Profile in Curcuma and Zingiber Genera by TLC – Digital Image Analysis","authors":"Anisa Lailatusy Syarifah, R. Retnowati, Hermin Sulistyarti","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.462","url":null,"abstract":"Curcuma longa, C. xanthorrhiza, C. heyneana, and Zingiber cassumunar contain high curcuminoid and have relatively similar yellow color. Therefore, they are potentially adulterated and difficult to differentiate in the form of powder. Hence, it is necessary to characterize the fingerprints compound profile by a simple and rapid method. This research aims to determine fingerprint compound profile of curcuminoid using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and digital image analysis. The result of the research identified that the fingerprint compound profile of curcuminoid on the four rhizomes was obtained by TLC method using silica gel 60 GF254 as the stationary phase, chloroform: dichloromethane: methanol (13:6:1) as the mobile phase, and observation under UV 254 nm light and citroborate reagent. Thereafter, the digital image analysis was carried out using Image J software according to the gray value and % of RGB (red-green-blue) value. Based on gray value and % of RGB, both Curcuma and Zingiber genera were differentiated through curcumin compound (Rf 0.63), demethoxycurcumin (Rf 0.34), bisdemethoxycurcumin (Rf 0.21). The profile of fingerprint compound on Curcuma longa, C. xanthorrhiza, C. heyneana, and Zingiber cassumunar was differentiated through Rf 0.26; Rf 0.17; and Rf 0.10.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"395 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75162602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.002.463
Bambang Arianto, T. Setianingsih, Barlah Rumhayati
This study provides information about the physicochemical properties and performance of activated carbon combined with copper to remove paracetamol from waste models. The activated carbon (AC) comes from coconut shell charcoal. CuCl2 was used as the copper source which then combined with activated carbon (AC). The AC was obtained by activating the coconut shell charcoal using KOH and 500°C calcination for 10 minutes. Carbon functionalization were done using H2SO4 6M as an oxidizer and temperature of 80°C for 3 hours. The impregnation of activated carbon with CuCl2 produces CuCl2/AC, then the CuCl2/AC was reacted with NaOH 5M to form precipitation of Cu(OH)2/AC. CuO/AC composite was finally produced by calcining the Cu(OH)2/AC to 950°C for 5 minute. The composite was characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption of paracetamol with CuO/AC composite gave the best results with 95.56% efficiency.
{"title":"Modification of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell Charcoal with Copper (CuCl2/AC, Cu(OH)2/AC, CuO/AC) for Adsorption of Paracetamol Contaminant","authors":"Bambang Arianto, T. Setianingsih, Barlah Rumhayati","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.002.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.002.463","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides information about the physicochemical properties and performance of activated carbon combined with copper to remove paracetamol from waste models. The activated carbon (AC) comes from coconut shell charcoal. CuCl2 was used as the copper source which then combined with activated carbon (AC). The AC was obtained by activating the coconut shell charcoal using KOH and 500°C calcination for 10 minutes. Carbon functionalization were done using H2SO4 6M as an oxidizer and temperature of 80°C for 3 hours. The impregnation of activated carbon with CuCl2 produces CuCl2/AC, then the CuCl2/AC was reacted with NaOH 5M to form precipitation of Cu(OH)2/AC. CuO/AC composite was finally produced by calcining the Cu(OH)2/AC to 950°C for 5 minute. The composite was characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption of paracetamol with CuO/AC composite gave the best results with 95.56% efficiency.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87306589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.458
A. Alni, D. Mujahidin, S. Fauzia
Synthesis of bioactive materials based on Indonesian natural products as precursors are potential to achieve a sustainable supply of modern medicines. Eugenyl cinnamate is a crucial building block in many bioactive compounds such as hepatoprotective silibinin. This research features simple synthesis of eugenyl cinnamate from eugenol, an essential oil presents as major constituent of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum). The transformations were carried out via protection of hydroxyl group, bromination, and dehydrobromination reactions of eugenol (1) consecutively. The products of the synthesis were purified by gravity column chromatography and were characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Benzylation of eugenol was carried out under basic condition with high yield (94.3%). Characterization by spectroscopic methods showed that eugenyl benzyl ether (2) was formed. Bromination of eugenyl benzyl ether yielded three products, namely: dibromo (3a and 3b), and tri-bromo eugenyl benzyl ether (3c). Compound 3a and 3b were epimers based on intensive NMR analysis (1H, 13C and DEPT). These epimers were separable using simple gravitational colomn chromatography. To improve the selectivity of the reaction, protecting group was changed to acetyl to yield eugenyl acetyl ether (4). Bromination of (4) yielded the desired dibromo product (5). The dehydrobromination reaction of compound 5 with cinnamic acid yielded the eugenyl cinnamate (6) with yield of 23.2%.
{"title":"Synthesis of Eugenyl Cinnamate from Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) via Bromination-Dehydrobromination Methods","authors":"A. Alni, D. Mujahidin, S. Fauzia","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.458","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of bioactive materials based on Indonesian natural products as precursors are potential to achieve a sustainable supply of modern medicines. Eugenyl cinnamate is a crucial building block in many bioactive compounds such as hepatoprotective silibinin. This research features simple synthesis of eugenyl cinnamate from eugenol, an essential oil presents as major constituent of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum). The transformations were carried out via protection of hydroxyl group, bromination, and dehydrobromination reactions of eugenol (1) consecutively. The products of the synthesis were purified by gravity column chromatography and were characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Benzylation of eugenol was carried out under basic condition with high yield (94.3%). Characterization by spectroscopic methods showed that eugenyl benzyl ether (2) was formed. Bromination of eugenyl benzyl ether yielded three products, namely: dibromo (3a and 3b), and tri-bromo eugenyl benzyl ether (3c). Compound 3a and 3b were epimers based on intensive NMR analysis (1H, 13C and DEPT). These epimers were separable using simple gravitational colomn chromatography. To improve the selectivity of the reaction, protecting group was changed to acetyl to yield eugenyl acetyl ether (4). Bromination of (4) yielded the desired dibromo product (5). The dehydrobromination reaction of compound 5 with cinnamic acid yielded the eugenyl cinnamate (6) with yield of 23.2%.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77315660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.438
B. Semire, O. A. Odunola
Bis(2-benzothiophen-1-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b′]dithiophene derivatives comprised of three series; bis(2-thienyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b]dithiopene (BTDT), diphenyl4Hcyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b]dithiophene (DPDT) and bis(2-benzothiophen-1-yl)-4Hcyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b]dithiophene (BBDT) have been studied using Density Functional Theory (B3LYP/6-31G**). In each series, molecules with C=S bridge exhibited the lowest band gap; for instance in BBDT series, the energy band gap could be arranged as 2.29, 2.23 and 1.66 eV for CH2, C=O and C=S bridge respectively. The low band gaps calculated for BBDT-C=S (1.66 eV) and BTDT-C=S (1.82 eV) could facilitate photo-excited electron transfer as one the criteria for a molecule to be used in photovoltaic devices. Also, the results showed that longest UV-vis absorption wavelength was observed for molecules with C=S bridge, i.e. 1013.66, 874.75 and 1097.66 nm for BTDT, DPDT and BBDT respectively. The polarizability (α0) valves calculated for the molecules follow as -CH2 < C=O < C=S bridge in each series, indicating that the higher the polarizability (α0) valve the longer the λmax nm and the lower the energy band gap. The magnitude of the molecular hyperpolarizability β0 showed that molecular structures with -C=O bridge could be best NLO material in each series.
{"title":"Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study on α,α-Bis(2-benzothiophen-1-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b′]dithiophene Derivatives for Optoelectronic Devices","authors":"B. Semire, O. A. Odunola","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.438","url":null,"abstract":"Bis(2-benzothiophen-1-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b′]dithiophene derivatives comprised of three series; bis(2-thienyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b]dithiopene (BTDT), diphenyl4Hcyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b]dithiophene (DPDT) and bis(2-benzothiophen-1-yl)-4Hcyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b]dithiophene (BBDT) have been studied using Density Functional Theory (B3LYP/6-31G**). In each series, molecules with C=S bridge exhibited the lowest band gap; for instance in BBDT series, the energy band gap could be arranged as 2.29, 2.23 and 1.66 eV for CH2, C=O and C=S bridge respectively. The low band gaps calculated for BBDT-C=S (1.66 eV) and BTDT-C=S (1.82 eV) could facilitate photo-excited electron transfer as one the criteria for a molecule to be used in photovoltaic devices. Also, the results showed that longest UV-vis absorption wavelength was observed for molecules with C=S bridge, i.e. 1013.66, 874.75 and 1097.66 nm for BTDT, DPDT and BBDT respectively. The polarizability (α0) valves calculated for the molecules follow as -CH2 < C=O < C=S bridge in each series, indicating that the higher the polarizability (α0) valve the longer the λmax nm and the lower the energy band gap. The magnitude of the molecular hyperpolarizability β0 showed that molecular structures with -C=O bridge could be best NLO material in each series.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73933671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.461
M. Maskur, E. Lestari, Amal Rezka Putra, D. Kurniasih, E. Sarmini, Yayan Tahyan, A. Gunawan, A. Aries
The more efficient and effective quality control techniques for 99mTc-DTPA are needed because 99mTc has a short half-life of around 6.0 hours. We have succeeded in developing a one-system of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for radiochemical purity testing system that is faster and more practical. Two-system method of TLC for radiochemical purity testing uses mobile phase of methyl ethyl ketone indicated as system A and 0.9% sodium chloride solution indicated as system B. One-system method uses the mobile phase of a mixture solution of acetone and 0.9% sodium chloride. In this study, the determination of radiochemical purity of the one-system of TLC has been successfully developed using the Whatman-1 paper stationary phase and the mixture of mobile phase between acetone and 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The mobile phase of acetone: 0.9% sodium chloride with a ratio of 9:1 shows the most optimum results. This phase can separate 99mTc-DTPA (Rf = 0.4-0.6) from 99mTcO4- (Rf = 0.9-1.0) and 99mTcO2 (Rf = 0.0-0.1) as radiochemical impurities. This result shows that the one-system of TLC method can be used for radiochemical purity testing of 99mTc-DTPA radiopharmaceutical kits. This method can completely separate the product compound (99mTc-DTPA) from its impurities (99mTcO2 and 99mTcO4-).
{"title":"Determination of Radiochemical Purity of 99mTc-DTPA Using One-System Method of Paper Chromatography","authors":"M. Maskur, E. Lestari, Amal Rezka Putra, D. Kurniasih, E. Sarmini, Yayan Tahyan, A. Gunawan, A. Aries","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.461","url":null,"abstract":"The more efficient and effective quality control techniques for 99mTc-DTPA are needed because 99mTc has a short half-life of around 6.0 hours. We have succeeded in developing a one-system of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for radiochemical purity testing system that is faster and more practical. Two-system method of TLC for radiochemical purity testing uses mobile phase of methyl ethyl ketone indicated as system A and 0.9% sodium chloride solution indicated as system B. One-system method uses the mobile phase of a mixture solution of acetone and 0.9% sodium chloride. In this study, the determination of radiochemical purity of the one-system of TLC has been successfully developed using the Whatman-1 paper stationary phase and the mixture of mobile phase between acetone and 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The mobile phase of acetone: 0.9% sodium chloride with a ratio of 9:1 shows the most optimum results. This phase can separate 99mTc-DTPA (Rf = 0.4-0.6) from 99mTcO4- (Rf = 0.9-1.0) and 99mTcO2 (Rf = 0.0-0.1) as radiochemical impurities. This result shows that the one-system of TLC method can be used for radiochemical purity testing of 99mTc-DTPA radiopharmaceutical kits. This method can completely separate the product compound (99mTc-DTPA) from its impurities (99mTcO2 and 99mTcO4-).","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89722491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-23DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.01.499
M. Kurniasih, Purwati Purwati, R. S. Dewi, D. Hermawan, E. Vaulina
Carboxymethyl chitosan has antimicrobial activity. The solubility of carboxymethyl chitosan makes it easy to apply as a food preservative. Sausage is a processed product of meat, and it is classifiedas perishable food. The purpose of this study was to synthesize carboxymethyl chitosan, investigate the microbiological quality and shelf-life of homemade sausage treated with carboxymethyl chitosan. Carboxymethyl chitosan was obtainedthrough the process of carboxymethylation of alkaline chitosan with monochloroacetic acid. Chitosan in the study was synthesizedfrom shrimp skin. Sausages treated with carboxymethyl chitosan then measured water content, ash content, TPC (Total Plate Count) and organoleptic values for four consecutive days. The results showed that carboxymethyl chitosan couldextend the shelf life of sausages both stored at room temperature or cold temperatures.
{"title":"Carboxymethyl Chitosan as A Homemade Sausage Preservative","authors":"M. Kurniasih, Purwati Purwati, R. S. Dewi, D. Hermawan, E. Vaulina","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.01.499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.01.499","url":null,"abstract":"Carboxymethyl chitosan has antimicrobial activity. The solubility of carboxymethyl chitosan makes it easy to apply as a food preservative. Sausage is a processed product of meat, and it is classifiedas perishable food. The purpose of this study was to synthesize carboxymethyl chitosan, investigate the microbiological quality and shelf-life of homemade sausage treated with carboxymethyl chitosan. Carboxymethyl chitosan was obtainedthrough the process of carboxymethylation of alkaline chitosan with monochloroacetic acid. Chitosan in the study was synthesizedfrom shrimp skin. Sausages treated with carboxymethyl chitosan then measured water content, ash content, TPC (Total Plate Count) and organoleptic values for four consecutive days. The results showed that carboxymethyl chitosan couldextend the shelf life of sausages both stored at room temperature or cold temperatures.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81871657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.001.455
Hanif Amrulloh, Wasinton Simanjutak, R. Situmeang, S. Sagala, R. Bramawanto, Ridho Nahrowi
This research was conducted to study the effect of dilution and electrolysis time on therecovery of Mg 2+ as Mg(OH) 2 from bittern by electrochemical method. The electrochemical process was carried out using 2-compartment electrochemical cell, connected by salt bridge prepared from NaCl suspended in gelatin. The experiment was carried out using nickel as cathode and carbon as an anode. The electrolysis process was carried out at a potential of 18 volts with dilution factors of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 times, and electrolysis time of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. The results show that percent of conversion increased with dilution with the best result was obtained at 4x dilution factor and 4 hours electrolysis time with percent conversion of 85 % and purity of Mg(OH) 2 91%
{"title":"Effect of Dilution and Electrolysis Time on Recovery of Mg2+ As Mg(OH)2 from Bittern by Electrochemical Method","authors":"Hanif Amrulloh, Wasinton Simanjutak, R. Situmeang, S. Sagala, R. Bramawanto, Ridho Nahrowi","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.001.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.001.455","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to study the effect of dilution and electrolysis time on therecovery of Mg 2+ as Mg(OH) 2 from bittern by electrochemical method. The electrochemical process was carried out using 2-compartment electrochemical cell, connected by salt bridge prepared from NaCl suspended in gelatin. The experiment was carried out using nickel as cathode and carbon as an anode. The electrolysis process was carried out at a potential of 18 volts with dilution factors of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 times, and electrolysis time of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. The results show that percent of conversion increased with dilution with the best result was obtained at 4x dilution factor and 4 hours electrolysis time with percent conversion of 85 % and purity of Mg(OH) 2 91%","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86432229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.01.450
I. Njoto, F. Fatchiyah, K. Handono, A. Abdurrachman, D. Soeatmadji, H. Kalim
High carbohydrate influences the cartilage microcellular environment and chondrocytes. Perlecan (HSPG2) conducts an essential role as chondrocytes mechano-transducer and chondrocytes secretion factors. This research aims to fulfill the research gap about hyperglycemia which influences to perlecan of articular cartilage. About twenty male rats were divided into four groups: group I (sugar-treated rats 1.00 mg/kg of BW), group II (sugar-treated rats 1.5 mg/kg of BW), group III (2.00 mg/kg of BW), and control. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT) used to generate an unstable joint to be osteoarthritis condition at the right knee. Then, sugar was administrated for two months. Level expression of the protein was analyzed using Western Blotting. The result showed that perlecan expression was decreased within all sugar-treated rats group as compared to control. The IGF-1 expression was decreased, whereas TGF-β was slightly increased within all treatment groups. Moreover, the expression of FGF-2 was higher in all treatment groups. Of note, IL-1β expression was only elevated in group II and III. The interaction of perlecan to the chondrocyte secretion factors was determined by the cartilage condition within hyperglycemia.
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Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.01.460
H. N. Meidinna, F. Fatchiyah
The study of natural compound as α-amylase inhibitor has been a concern since the synthetic drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus have several side effects. The present study was carried out to predict the ability of rosmarinic acid and sinensetin as human α-amylase inhibitor by in silico study. All of the prepared 3D structures were used in the molecular docking by using Hex 8.0.0. The visualization of the molecular interactions of those compounds with human salivary α-amylase or human pancreatic α-amylase was established in the Discovery Studio Client 4.1 software. The result of this study determined that rosmarinic acid and sinensetin bound to the A domain of human pancreatic α-amylase and human salivary α-amylase. Rosmarinic acid-human salivary α-amylase complex was observed to possess high number of hydrogen bonds compared to sinensetin-human salivary α-amylase complex. The similar result was observed in the comparison of rosmarinic acid-human pancreatic α-amylase complex and sinensetin-human pancreatic α-amylase complex. The rosmarinic acid was able to bind the Glu233 of human pancreatic α-amylase. These data suggest rosmarinic acid as a potential inhibitor of human salivary α-amylase and human pancreatic α-amylase. Further experimental evidence is needed to confirm this observation.
天然化合物作为α-淀粉酶抑制剂的研究一直受到关注，因为人工合成的治疗2型糖尿病的药物有多种副作用。本研究采用硅片法对迷迭香酸和蛇鼻塞素作为人α-淀粉酶抑制剂的能力进行了预测。所有制备的三维结构都使用Hex 8.0.0进行分子对接。在Discovery Studio Client 4.1软件中建立了这些化合物与人唾液α-淀粉酶或人胰腺α-淀粉酶分子相互作用的可视化。本研究结果确定迷迭香酸和蛇鼻塞素结合于人胰腺α-淀粉酶和人唾液α-淀粉酶的A结构域。迷迭香酸-人唾液α-淀粉酶配合物具有较高的氢键数。迷迭香酸-人胰α-淀粉酶配合物和蛇鼻血素-人胰α-淀粉酶配合物的比较也有类似的结果。迷迭香酸能够结合人胰腺α-淀粉酶的Glu233。这些数据提示迷迭香酸可能是人唾液α-淀粉酶和人胰腺α-淀粉酶的潜在抑制剂。需要进一步的实验证据来证实这一观察结果。
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