Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.607
Irdhawati Irdhawati, I. Gusti Ayu Putu Yunita Riyastini, M. Manurung
The method of digestion as a part of sample preparation is very important to determine the accuracy of the analysis result. In this study, the methods of wet and dry digestions were applied to determine of Fe content in several kinds of spinach obtained from the traditional market in Denpasar Bali. This research aimed to compare the result of Fe analysis by AAS method using both of digestion methods. This research was divided into several steps starting from sampling, determination of the samples species, sample preparation, digestion by wet digestion using aqua regia and dry digestion in the furnace, and Fe analysis by AAS. The result showed that the concentrations of Fe in root spinach, red spinach, cut spinach, and tricolor spinach through wet digestion method varied between 68.08–105.45 mg/kg, while the concentrations of Fe by dry digestion obtained between 27.52–42.03 mg/kg, which was over the accepted value. Based on the one-way ANOVA statistical test with a significance level of 5%, there was a significant differences of Fe concentration in spinaches by wet and dry digestions.
{"title":"Comparison of Wet and Dry Digestions in the Analysis of Fe in Spinach by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry","authors":"Irdhawati Irdhawati, I. Gusti Ayu Putu Yunita Riyastini, M. Manurung","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.607","url":null,"abstract":"The method of digestion as a part of sample preparation is very important to determine the accuracy of the analysis result. In this study, the methods of wet and dry digestions were applied to determine of Fe content in several kinds of spinach obtained from the traditional market in Denpasar Bali. This research aimed to compare the result of Fe analysis by AAS method using both of digestion methods. This research was divided into several steps starting from sampling, determination of the samples species, sample preparation, digestion by wet digestion using aqua regia and dry digestion in the furnace, and Fe analysis by AAS. The result showed that the concentrations of Fe in root spinach, red spinach, cut spinach, and tricolor spinach through wet digestion method varied between 68.08–105.45 mg/kg, while the concentrations of Fe by dry digestion obtained between 27.52–42.03 mg/kg, which was over the accepted value. Based on the one-way ANOVA statistical test with a significance level of 5%, there was a significant differences of Fe concentration in spinaches by wet and dry digestions.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78864507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.653
I. Wayan Adi Suarya, Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto, U. Andayani
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an impurity in gaseous fuels such as biogas, therefore this gas removal method is an interesting topic. The physisorption method is considered to be a simple work to be applied on a small scale. This research studies the impact of the addition of liquid triethanolamine on the porous silica on the adsorption of H2S. The silica substrate is synthesized using two-pore templates namely a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the other one is pure chitosan. The silica surface was coated with triethanolamine (TEA) using the impregnation method. An H2S gas adsorption study was conducted on the synthesized silica with and without TEA. The adsorption test was carried out by flowing H2S from the reaction between FeS and HCl through the sample. The results of this study show that the TEA layer on the silica surface increases the adsorption towards H2S gas, but it is relatively small compared to similar studies. The best result of combining TEA and silica gel is shown by TEA- sil-PS which was 3.8 x 10-5 mol H2S per gram of adsorbent.
{"title":"Study of Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption on Silica Gel with Triethanolamine layer","authors":"I. Wayan Adi Suarya, Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto, U. Andayani","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.653","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an impurity in gaseous fuels such as biogas, therefore this gas removal method is an interesting topic. The physisorption method is considered to be a simple work to be applied on a small scale. This research studies the impact of the addition of liquid triethanolamine on the porous silica on the adsorption of H2S. The silica substrate is synthesized using two-pore templates namely a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the other one is pure chitosan. The silica surface was coated with triethanolamine (TEA) using the impregnation method. An H2S gas adsorption study was conducted on the synthesized silica with and without TEA. The adsorption test was carried out by flowing H2S from the reaction between FeS and HCl through the sample. The results of this study show that the TEA layer on the silica surface increases the adsorption towards H2S gas, but it is relatively small compared to similar studies. The best result of combining TEA and silica gel is shown by TEA- sil-PS which was 3.8 x 10-5 mol H2S per gram of adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73398109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.616
Widharta Surya Alam, Sabila Gitamara, Riki Wartakusumah, Muhammad Irfan Nurdin, Z. Masyithah
The use of surfactants is extremely widespread for human life. The development of the use of surfactants has not reached detergents anymore, but for drug delivery, biolubricant, emulsifier, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), dispersants and even virus vectors. Unfortunately, the past history of surfactants had given a bad impression since many surfactants are difficult to decompose in nature, are toxic and are not suitable as biological materials. This article will examine the research development and production, synthesis pathway, classification, behaviour and application of N-Acyl amino acid (NAAAc) surfactants. Amino acid-based N-Acylamides (AAc) or NAAAc surfactants are next-generation biological surfactants. NAAAc can be synthesized by chemical and enzymatic pathway. NAAAc can also be combined with ionic liquids (ILs) to become green surfactants NAAAc ILs which is low in toxicity unlike conventional ILs. The conclusion of this article studied was NAAc production process that had the highest efficiency so far was the production through a catalytic chemical reaction, namely the fatty acid amidation or amino acid acylation process. The application of AAc-based N-Acylamides is so promising that it can be considered for scale-up processes in the future.
{"title":"Implementation of Amino Acid as a Natural Feedstock in Production of N-Acylamides as a Biocompatible Surfactants: A Review on Synthesis, Behavioral, Application and Scale-up Process","authors":"Widharta Surya Alam, Sabila Gitamara, Riki Wartakusumah, Muhammad Irfan Nurdin, Z. Masyithah","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.616","url":null,"abstract":"The use of surfactants is extremely widespread for human life. The development of the use of surfactants has not reached detergents anymore, but for drug delivery, biolubricant, emulsifier, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), dispersants and even virus vectors. Unfortunately, the past history of surfactants had given a bad impression since many surfactants are difficult to decompose in nature, are toxic and are not suitable as biological materials. This article will examine the research development and production, synthesis pathway, classification, behaviour and application of N-Acyl amino acid (NAAAc) surfactants. Amino acid-based N-Acylamides (AAc) or NAAAc surfactants are next-generation biological surfactants. NAAAc can be synthesized by chemical and enzymatic pathway. NAAAc can also be combined with ionic liquids (ILs) to become green surfactants NAAAc ILs which is low in toxicity unlike conventional ILs. The conclusion of this article studied was NAAc production process that had the highest efficiency so far was the production through a catalytic chemical reaction, namely the fatty acid amidation or amino acid acylation process. The application of AAc-based N-Acylamides is so promising that it can be considered for scale-up processes in the future.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"15 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79947977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.559
H. Iyabu, Wiwin Rewini Kunusa, Ishak Isa, Doly Prima Silaban
This study was aimed to produce and characterized activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse by physical and chemical activation. Physical activation was performed by carbonation process in temperatures 4500C and 6500C. While chemical activationusedH3PO4 10%, FeCl3 10% and KMnO4 10% as activator. The results showed that total yield (%) 49.8396 - 80.635; pH 4.0-7.9; ash content (g) 0.3338-0.8820; adsorption capacity of iod (%) 93.92-99.20. Morphological structure, functional group and Crystal structure was studied by using SEM analysis, FT-IR and XRD Difragtogram respectively.Adsorption capacity(%) of methylene blue 1.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer produces; for H3PO4activatorat 450℃ = 99.24 and ND;at 600℃ = ND and 99.24. FeCl3 activator at 450℃ = 93.8 and 28.68; At 600℃ = ND and 99.24. KMnO4 activator at 450℃ = 61.24 and 65.12; At 600℃ = 39.4 and 53.79.
{"title":"Biosorption of Methylene Blue by Activated Carbon from Sugarcane Waste (ACSW)","authors":"H. Iyabu, Wiwin Rewini Kunusa, Ishak Isa, Doly Prima Silaban","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.559","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to produce and characterized activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse by physical and chemical activation. Physical activation was performed by carbonation process in temperatures 4500C and 6500C. While chemical activationusedH3PO4 10%, FeCl3 10% and KMnO4 10% as activator. The results showed that total yield (%) 49.8396 - 80.635; pH 4.0-7.9; ash content (g) 0.3338-0.8820; adsorption capacity of iod (%) 93.92-99.20. Morphological structure, functional group and Crystal structure was studied by using SEM analysis, FT-IR and XRD Difragtogram respectively.Adsorption capacity(%) of methylene blue 1.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer produces; for H3PO4activatorat 450℃ = 99.24 and ND;at 600℃ = ND and 99.24. FeCl3 activator at 450℃ = 93.8 and 28.68; At 600℃ = ND and 99.24. KMnO4 activator at 450℃ = 61.24 and 65.12; At 600℃ = 39.4 and 53.79.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90506260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.600
V. Yunivita, Triana Nurul Meirina, Atu Purnama Dewi, Harold Eka Atmaja, R. Ruslami
Isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are first-line drugs in the treatment of meningitis of tuberculosis, in addition to rifampicin. The use of these drugs will determine the success of therapy to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in brain tissue that is difficult to penetrate by other drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research and monitor the use of this drug in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) patients with TBM. This study aimed to determine the method of analysis of INH and PZA using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Ultra Violet (UPLC-UV). The samples were taken from TBM patients who taken INH-PZA and others besides TBM patients who did not take INH-PZA. The analytic method carried out includes a comparison of the results of the analysis method for measuring levels of standard INH-PZA and INH-PZA in plasma and CSF samples. Analysis of INH-PZA in plasma and CSF can be performed using UPLC with UV detector, at least 100 uL plasma or CSF samples volume, with reproducible and accurate results.
{"title":"Partial Validation of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Quantification of Isoniazid-Pyrazinamide in Human Samples","authors":"V. Yunivita, Triana Nurul Meirina, Atu Purnama Dewi, Harold Eka Atmaja, R. Ruslami","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.600","url":null,"abstract":"Isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are first-line drugs in the treatment of meningitis of tuberculosis, in addition to rifampicin. The use of these drugs will determine the success of therapy to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in brain tissue that is difficult to penetrate by other drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research and monitor the use of this drug in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) patients with TBM. This study aimed to determine the method of analysis of INH and PZA using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Ultra Violet (UPLC-UV). The samples were taken from TBM patients who taken INH-PZA and others besides TBM patients who did not take INH-PZA. The analytic method carried out includes a comparison of the results of the analysis method for measuring levels of standard INH-PZA and INH-PZA in plasma and CSF samples. Analysis of INH-PZA in plasma and CSF can be performed using UPLC with UV detector, at least 100 uL plasma or CSF samples volume, with reproducible and accurate results.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.594
Dwi Putri Woro Pamungkas, Suci Amaliyah, A. Sabarudin, A. Safitri
Nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields which depends on its size and shape. Nanoparticles can be synthesized physically and chemically. However, these methods need large amount of energy, not environmental friendly and quite expensive, because requires several additional materials besides precursors. In this study, we performed the analysis of some parameters to determine the best conditions for biosynthesis using Rhizopus oligosporus to obtain the nanoparticles with specific size. This fungi was used because easy to find, cultivate, and handle. We found that grain size of Cu2O/CuO-NP and AgNP obtained are 23 nm, 55 nm respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms that some parameters investigated and Rhizopus oligosporus can be used to obtain the nanoparticles with specific size.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Cu2O/CuO-NP and AgNP Using Rhizopus oligosporus as Reductor Agent","authors":"Dwi Putri Woro Pamungkas, Suci Amaliyah, A. Sabarudin, A. Safitri","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.594","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields which depends on its size and shape. Nanoparticles can be synthesized physically and chemically. However, these methods need large amount of energy, not environmental friendly and quite expensive, because requires several additional materials besides precursors. In this study, we performed the analysis of some parameters to determine the best conditions for biosynthesis using Rhizopus oligosporus to obtain the nanoparticles with specific size. This fungi was used because easy to find, cultivate, and handle. We found that grain size of Cu2O/CuO-NP and AgNP obtained are 23 nm, 55 nm respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms that some parameters investigated and Rhizopus oligosporus can be used to obtain the nanoparticles with specific size.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74819503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, ZnAl2O4 catalyst was synthesized with the capability of transforming eugenol to vanillin through One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation. ZnAl2O4 was synthesized from Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O and Al2O3 using the wet-impregnation method, and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation was conducted by heating under reflux at 150oC using nitrobenzene and a certain amount of ZnAl2O4 catalyst (4% and 7%) for 2 and 3 hours of reaction. Catalytic Oxidation is also carried out without catalyst as a comparison. The vanillin product was confirmed by GC and spectral data achieved from UV-Vis, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. The results revealed that transforming eugenol to vanillin using ZnAl2O4 catalyst provides a better selectivity value than without using the catalyst, is 100% for the use of 4% catalyst in 2 hours, while without catalyst gives 88% in 3 hours. In addition, the use of 4% catalyst in 3 hours gives 94% for selectivity of vanillin, and the use of 7% catalyst gives selectivity values at 82% and 85%, respectively for 2 hours and 3 hours. The conversion rate of the use of catalyst and without catalyst gives the perfect rate at 100%, but the use of catalyst produces better vanillin with percent yield at 2.485 for 2 hours, and 3.22% for 3 hours, while without catalyst have percent yield of vanillin at 1.94% for 3 hours.
{"title":"One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation for Transforming Eugenol to Vanillin Using ZnAl2O4 Catalyst","authors":"Damiana Nofita Birhi, Adzkia Qisthi Ismail, Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah, W. Warsito","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.622","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, ZnAl2O4 catalyst was synthesized with the capability of transforming eugenol to vanillin through One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation. ZnAl2O4 was synthesized from Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O and Al2O3 using the wet-impregnation method, and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation was conducted by heating under reflux at 150oC using nitrobenzene and a certain amount of ZnAl2O4 catalyst (4% and 7%) for 2 and 3 hours of reaction. Catalytic Oxidation is also carried out without catalyst as a comparison. The vanillin product was confirmed by GC and spectral data achieved from UV-Vis, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. The results revealed that transforming eugenol to vanillin using ZnAl2O4 catalyst provides a better selectivity value than without using the catalyst, is 100% for the use of 4% catalyst in 2 hours, while without catalyst gives 88% in 3 hours. In addition, the use of 4% catalyst in 3 hours gives 94% for selectivity of vanillin, and the use of 7% catalyst gives selectivity values at 82% and 85%, respectively for 2 hours and 3 hours. The conversion rate of the use of catalyst and without catalyst gives the perfect rate at 100%, but the use of catalyst produces better vanillin with percent yield at 2.485 for 2 hours, and 3.22% for 3 hours, while without catalyst have percent yield of vanillin at 1.94% for 3 hours.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87254475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.599
Iwan Syahjoko Saputra, Anjar Hermadi Saputro, N. Adliani, Dwinna Rahmi, S. Sudirman, Yogi Nopiandi
Gold nanoparticles (G-NPs) were successfully synthesized using Gracilaria sp seaweed extract. Visually, color changes from purple-blue to ruby red and then finally to pink. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the optimum condition of G-NPs at 531 nm wavelength with an absorbance value of 1.1. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows the absorption peak of functional groups at the Gracilaria sp seaweed extract like hydroxyl group (-OH), aromatic (C=C), alkane (C-H), and amine (C-N) at the wavenumbers of 3356, 1613, 1456, and 1182 cm-1, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the crystallinity peaks of G-NPs at 2θ: 38.3o, 44.1o, 64.8o, and 77.8o with miller indices of (111), (200), (220), and (311). The Particle size analyzer (PSA) shows the distribution and particle size average of G-NPs was 11.8 nm. Analysis of particle zeta charge (PZC) confirms the total charge of inter-particles was -24.7 mV. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images shows the G-NPs was spherical shape with a particle size was 20 nm. The hand soap@G-NPs have a pH of 6.0 and foam height stability of 4.1 cm for 10 min.
{"title":"Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles through Gracilaria sp Seaweed Extract for Foam Height Stability in Liquid Hand Soap Formulations","authors":"Iwan Syahjoko Saputra, Anjar Hermadi Saputro, N. Adliani, Dwinna Rahmi, S. Sudirman, Yogi Nopiandi","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.03.599","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (G-NPs) were successfully synthesized using Gracilaria sp seaweed extract. Visually, color changes from purple-blue to ruby red and then finally to pink. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the optimum condition of G-NPs at 531 nm wavelength with an absorbance value of 1.1. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows the absorption peak of functional groups at the Gracilaria sp seaweed extract like hydroxyl group (-OH), aromatic (C=C), alkane (C-H), and amine (C-N) at the wavenumbers of 3356, 1613, 1456, and 1182 cm-1, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the crystallinity peaks of G-NPs at 2θ: 38.3o, 44.1o, 64.8o, and 77.8o with miller indices of (111), (200), (220), and (311). The Particle size analyzer (PSA) shows the distribution and particle size average of G-NPs was 11.8 nm. Analysis of particle zeta charge (PZC) confirms the total charge of inter-particles was -24.7 mV. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images shows the G-NPs was spherical shape with a particle size was 20 nm. The hand soap@G-NPs have a pH of 6.0 and foam height stability of 4.1 cm for 10 min.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.02.575
L. Dinira, Barlah Rumhayati, A. Wiryawan
Coffee consumption over the past four years has continued to increase the amount of used coffee grounds. Usually, the used coffee grounds are simply thrown away. In fact, it can still be used as other materials that are more efficient and environmentally friendly, such as activated carbon. Activated carbon can be utilized as an adsorbent to adsorb compounds that are carcinogenic and potentially last a long time in the environment, such as phenols. Phenol decomposition through chemical can be carried out by Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) which utilize hydroxyl radicals. This method used a catalyst such as iron(III) oxide under ultraviolet light. Phenol decomposition can also be carried out using ultrasound. This study presents the performance of the combination of activated carbon-catalyst with ultrasound in phenol decomposition. The results showed that the mass of the composite influenced the 0.1 M phenol degradation by the activated carbon–iron(III) oxide assisted with ultraviolet light, ultrasound, and 0.01 M hydrogen peroxide. for 45 minutes. The best degradation of phenol was obtained when 0.5 g adsorbent was applied with the adsorption capacity of phenol was 704.37 mg/g. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide also affects the decomposition of phenol in solution. From the variation of the hydrogen peroxide solution used (0.01; 0.02; and 0.03 M), the optimal concentration in degrading phenol was 0.01 M with the adsorption capacity of phenol was 393.70 mg/g.
{"title":"The Performance of Activated Carbon from Used Coffee Grounds Combined with Iron(III) Oxide under UV Light and Ultrasound for Phenol Degradation","authors":"L. Dinira, Barlah Rumhayati, A. Wiryawan","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.02.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.02.575","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee consumption over the past four years has continued to increase the amount of used coffee grounds. Usually, the used coffee grounds are simply thrown away. In fact, it can still be used as other materials that are more efficient and environmentally friendly, such as activated carbon. Activated carbon can be utilized as an adsorbent to adsorb compounds that are carcinogenic and potentially last a long time in the environment, such as phenols. Phenol decomposition through chemical can be carried out by Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) which utilize hydroxyl radicals. This method used a catalyst such as iron(III) oxide under ultraviolet light. Phenol decomposition can also be carried out using ultrasound. This study presents the performance of the combination of activated carbon-catalyst with ultrasound in phenol decomposition. The results showed that the mass of the composite influenced the 0.1 M phenol degradation by the activated carbon–iron(III) oxide assisted with ultraviolet light, ultrasound, and 0.01 M hydrogen peroxide. for 45 minutes. The best degradation of phenol was obtained when 0.5 g adsorbent was applied with the adsorption capacity of phenol was 704.37 mg/g. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide also affects the decomposition of phenol in solution. From the variation of the hydrogen peroxide solution used (0.01; 0.02; and 0.03 M), the optimal concentration in degrading phenol was 0.01 M with the adsorption capacity of phenol was 393.70 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75044405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.02.587
P. Hariani, F. Riyanti, Desneli Desneli, Fatma Fatma, Sabila Yunita, M. Said
Bagasse is the solid waste derived from the sugar-making process. A large amount of silica in bagasse is a potential source of silica. In this study, extraction of silica from bagasse was carried out in the following steps: pretreatment of bagasse using HCl solution, followed by calcination at varying temperatures (700 oC, 800 oC, and 900 ℃) using a furnace. Furthermore, extraction using NaOH solution and precipitation using HCl. Silica characteristics were obtained using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and BET surface area. The results showed that calcination temperature affected the characteristics of the silica produced. The silica extracted at 700℃ produced an amorphous phase with a broad peak at an angle of 2θ = 20-24°. It contained the most considerable silica content and surface area, 42.46% and 796.89 cm2/g, respectively. The extracted silica had an average diameter of 5.67 mm and a pore volume of 1.184 cm3/g.
{"title":"Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Synthesis of Silica from Bagasse","authors":"P. Hariani, F. Riyanti, Desneli Desneli, Fatma Fatma, Sabila Yunita, M. Said","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.02.587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2021.010.02.587","url":null,"abstract":"Bagasse is the solid waste derived from the sugar-making process. A large amount of silica in bagasse is a potential source of silica. In this study, extraction of silica from bagasse was carried out in the following steps: pretreatment of bagasse using HCl solution, followed by calcination at varying temperatures (700 oC, 800 oC, and 900 ℃) using a furnace. Furthermore, extraction using NaOH solution and precipitation using HCl. Silica characteristics were obtained using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and BET surface area. The results showed that calcination temperature affected the characteristics of the silica produced. The silica extracted at 700℃ produced an amorphous phase with a broad peak at an angle of 2θ = 20-24°. It contained the most considerable silica content and surface area, 42.46% and 796.89 cm2/g, respectively. The extracted silica had an average diameter of 5.67 mm and a pore volume of 1.184 cm3/g.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77902289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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