Pub Date : 2019-12-22DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.506
N. Lutfiana, S. Suharti, E. Susanti
The aim of this study was to characterize protease soluble collagen (PSC) obtained from milkfish scales, extraction using protease from proteolytic bacteria HTcUM 7.1 isolate. The characterization included Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectra, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), denaturation temperature by Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) and solubility. The resulting PSC from milkfish scales has white color, fiber with a length of about 20-60 µm, FTIR spectra and SDS-PAGE profile showed that PSC was collagen Type I and denaturation temperature was 145.48 °C, with maximum solubility at pH 1-3 and 1-2 % NaCl. Its high denaturation temperature value allows the collagen to be applied in the fields of medicines and cosmetics.
{"title":"Characterization of Protease Soluble Collagen (PSC) From Milkfish Scales (Chanos chanos)","authors":"N. Lutfiana, S. Suharti, E. Susanti","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.506","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to characterize protease soluble collagen (PSC) obtained from milkfish scales, extraction using protease from proteolytic bacteria HTcUM 7.1 isolate. The characterization included Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectra, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), denaturation temperature by Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) and solubility. The resulting PSC from milkfish scales has white color, fiber with a length of about 20-60 µm, FTIR spectra and SDS-PAGE profile showed that PSC was collagen Type I and denaturation temperature was 145.48 °C, with maximum solubility at pH 1-3 and 1-2 % NaCl. Its high denaturation temperature value allows the collagen to be applied in the fields of medicines and cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"245-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81735657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.477
Sri Wardhani, D. Purwonugroho, Deka Permatasari, Darjito Darjito
Synthesis of alumina has been carried out by utilizing anodized waste as raw material. Anodized waste is a by-product of metal anodizing processes such as aluminium. This study aims to determine the effect of acidity (pH) and aging time on the mass of Al(OH) 3 and the property of Al(OH) 3 as well as Al 2 O 3 that produced. Anodized waste was deposited into Al(OH) 3 and then purified. Alumina synthesized by the sol-gel method with pH variations of 7, 8, 9, and 10 and aging times of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The Al(OH) 3, which has been produced, was characterized by PSA and powder XRD spectrophotometer. The results showed that the synthesis of Al(OH) 3 was influenced by pH and aging time. It affects the yield and particle size of Al(OH) 3 . The optimum condition of the synthesis was pH 7 and aging time of 24 hours with yield of 1.85 grams. Characterization by PSA at a current diameter of 90% indicate that higher pH value and longer aging time produces smaller particle size. Characterization by powder XRD shows that the Al(OH) 3 has gibbsite crystal phase with d values of 3.360, 3.217, 2.252, 2.029, and 1.649 A.
{"title":"The Effect of Acidity and Aging Time in The Synthesis of Al(OH)3 from The Anodized-waste with a Sol-Gel Method","authors":"Sri Wardhani, D. Purwonugroho, Deka Permatasari, Darjito Darjito","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.477","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of alumina has been carried out by utilizing anodized waste as raw material. Anodized waste is a by-product of metal anodizing processes such as aluminium. This study aims to determine the effect of acidity (pH) and aging time on the mass of Al(OH) 3 and the property of Al(OH) 3 as well as Al 2 O 3 that produced. Anodized waste was deposited into Al(OH) 3 and then purified. Alumina synthesized by the sol-gel method with pH variations of 7, 8, 9, and 10 and aging times of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The Al(OH) 3, which has been produced, was characterized by PSA and powder XRD spectrophotometer. The results showed that the synthesis of Al(OH) 3 was influenced by pH and aging time. It affects the yield and particle size of Al(OH) 3 . The optimum condition of the synthesis was pH 7 and aging time of 24 hours with yield of 1.85 grams. Characterization by PSA at a current diameter of 90% indicate that higher pH value and longer aging time produces smaller particle size. Characterization by powder XRD shows that the Al(OH) 3 has gibbsite crystal phase with d values of 3.360, 3.217, 2.252, 2.029, and 1.649 A.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88498384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.485
Ehimen Annastasia Erazua, B. B. Adeleke
There is a continuous need to discover and obtain more efficient drug-like molecule to suppress cancer in human being. Recently researchers are using molecular docking technique to improve the understanding of the interaction between drug and receptor, in other to obtain novel drugs for more efficient usage. Anticancer activities of some selected flavonoids were studied using quantum chemical method through Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular docking approach. These Flavoniods were docked against breast cancer cell line (3s7s) using Autodock tool, AutoDockVina as docking tools and Biovia Discovery Studio 2017 for post docking analysis. The binding affinity obtained was used to correlate the inhibitory activity of these flavoniods with their calculated molecular descriptors. The obtained binding energy showed that quercetin has the highest inhibition efficiency hence it has the highest ability to inhibit 3s7s than other studied compounds. It was observed that some molecular descriptor such as band gap, dipole moment, logP and E HOMO , were significant to the inhibiting ability of quercetin in the active site of the protein.
人类不断需要发现和获得更有效的类药物分子来抑制癌症。近年来，研究人员正在利用分子对接技术来提高对药物与受体相互作用的认识，以获得更有效的新药。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和分子对接方法，采用量子化学方法研究了部分黄酮类化合物的抗癌活性。利用Autodock工具、AutoDockVina作为对接工具和Biovia Discovery Studio 2017进行对接后分析，将这些类黄酮与乳腺癌细胞系(3s7s)进行对接。所获得的结合亲和力用于将这些类黄酮的抑制活性与其计算的分子描述子相关联。得到的结合能表明槲皮素具有最高的抑制效率，因此槲皮素对3s7s的抑制能力是其他化合物中最高的。结果表明，带隙、偶极矩、logP和E HOMO等分子描述符对槲皮素抑制活性位点的能力有显著影响。
{"title":"DFT and Molecular Docking Investigation of Potential Anticancer Properties of Some Flavonoids","authors":"Ehimen Annastasia Erazua, B. B. Adeleke","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.485","url":null,"abstract":"There is a continuous need to discover and obtain more efficient drug-like molecule to suppress cancer in human being. Recently researchers are using molecular docking technique to improve the understanding of the interaction between drug and receptor, in other to obtain novel drugs for more efficient usage. Anticancer activities of some selected flavonoids were studied using quantum chemical method through Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular docking approach. These Flavoniods were docked against breast cancer cell line (3s7s) using Autodock tool, AutoDockVina as docking tools and Biovia Discovery Studio 2017 for post docking analysis. The binding affinity obtained was used to correlate the inhibitory activity of these flavoniods with their calculated molecular descriptors. The obtained binding energy showed that quercetin has the highest inhibition efficiency hence it has the highest ability to inhibit 3s7s than other studied compounds. It was observed that some molecular descriptor such as band gap, dipole moment, logP and E HOMO , were significant to the inhibiting ability of quercetin in the active site of the protein.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"60 1 1","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90116551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.480
Muchammad Zainul Anwar, R. Tjahjanto, U. Hasanah
As oil consumption increases from year to year, efforts need to be made to increase energy reserves by developing new renewable energy. One way to develop energy sources is by the synthesis Fischer Tropsch (FT). FT is a synthetic gas conversion reaction (mixture of CO and H 2 ) into a long chain hydrocarbon mixture. The FT reaction requires a catalyst called the FT catalyst. So far, many studies that examine the effectiveness of catalysts in converting synthesis gas into long chain hydrocarbons, but rarely information about the composition of the phases that exist on the surface of the catalyst. To study about it, we synthesized FT catalysts at various variations of calcination temperature. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 as a precursor and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 as promoter (20:1) used in this study. The calcination temperature used are 300, 500, and 700°C. Characterization and analysis of catalysts were formed with XRD and SEM-EDX. Calcined catalysts were activated using CO 2 and H 2 gas and then re-characterized with XRD and SEM-EDX. Calcination results the formation of an iron oxide phase, while activation results the formation of iron carbide and zero Fe phases.
{"title":"Synthesis and Activation Study of Iron (Fe) Based Fischer Tropsch (FT) Catalyst Using Sol-gel Method","authors":"Muchammad Zainul Anwar, R. Tjahjanto, U. Hasanah","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.480","url":null,"abstract":"As oil consumption increases from year to year, efforts need to be made to increase energy reserves by developing new renewable energy. One way to develop energy sources is by the synthesis Fischer Tropsch (FT). FT is a synthetic gas conversion reaction (mixture of CO and H 2 ) into a long chain hydrocarbon mixture. The FT reaction requires a catalyst called the FT catalyst. So far, many studies that examine the effectiveness of catalysts in converting synthesis gas into long chain hydrocarbons, but rarely information about the composition of the phases that exist on the surface of the catalyst. To study about it, we synthesized FT catalysts at various variations of calcination temperature. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 as a precursor and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 as promoter (20:1) used in this study. The calcination temperature used are 300, 500, and 700°C. Characterization and analysis of catalysts were formed with XRD and SEM-EDX. Calcined catalysts were activated using CO 2 and H 2 gas and then re-characterized with XRD and SEM-EDX. Calcination results the formation of an iron oxide phase, while activation results the formation of iron carbide and zero Fe phases.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.484
M. Mardjan, D. Fitriastuti, B. Purwono, J. Jumina
This study describes simple synthetic method to prepare 1-(2-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium bromide from gandapura oil. The salt were synthesized in four steps. Initially, commercial gandapura oil was directly subjected to the alkylation reaction under basic condition using dimethyl sulfate to give methyl 2-methxybenzoate in 86% yield. Next, the produced benzoate ester was reduced by LiAlH4 to produce 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol in 67% yield. The treatment of benzyl alcohol with phosphorus tribromide under solvent free condition produced the corresponding benzyl bromide (in 67% yield), which was directly introduced into bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1,10-phenantroline monohydrate to finally give the desired product in 63% yield.
{"title":"Synthesis of 1-(2-Methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium Bromide from Gandapura Oil","authors":"M. Mardjan, D. Fitriastuti, B. Purwono, J. Jumina","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.484","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes simple synthetic method to prepare 1-(2-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium bromide from gandapura oil. The salt were synthesized in four steps. Initially, commercial gandapura oil was directly subjected to the alkylation reaction under basic condition using dimethyl sulfate to give methyl 2-methxybenzoate in 86% yield. Next, the produced benzoate ester was reduced by LiAlH4 to produce 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol in 67% yield. The treatment of benzyl alcohol with phosphorus tribromide under solvent free condition produced the corresponding benzyl bromide (in 67% yield), which was directly introduced into bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1,10-phenantroline monohydrate to finally give the desired product in 63% yield.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76585596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.478
Mariam Mohamed Omar Alshibani, Hermin Sulistyarti, A. Sabarudin
Hydroquinone is an organic antioxidant widely used for skin lightening products which can cause negative impact in excessive use. This study is focused on the development of fast method for the determination of hydroquinone using flow injection-indirect spectrophotometry based on the formation of red complex Iron(II)-phenanthroline. In this method, hydroquinone reduced iron(III) to iron(II) which in the presence of phenanthroline formed Iron(II)-phenanthroline complex detected at maximum wavelength of 510 nm. The common operational and chemical conditions were optimized and the effect of several interfering compounds was also studied to achieve the highest sensitivity with acceptable analysis time. The optimum method performance was obtained under the conditions of 100 µL sample volume, 50 cm mixing coil-1and 75 cm mixing coil-2, 5 ml/min flow rate, 100 mgL -1 Iron(III) concentration, and 0.15 % phenanthroline. Under these conditions the proposed FI-spectrophotometry gave results to linear calibration over the concentration range from 2-100 mgL -1 (y = 0.028x and R 2 of 0.999). The method was not interfered in the presence of vitamin C 1 mgL -1 and resorcinol up to 10 mgL -1 . However, the higher concentration of vitamin C ³10 ppm and resorcinol ³ 20 ppm gave significant error of measurements. Method validation using standard additions gave results to average recovery value of 97.02 %, which indicates that the FI-spectrophotometry method can be used as an alternative method for determining hydroquinone in cosmetic. Key words : Hydroquinone, flow injection, spectrophotometry, iron, phenanthroline.
{"title":"Flow Injection–Indirect Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis Based on the Formation of Iron(II)-Phenanthroline Complex","authors":"Mariam Mohamed Omar Alshibani, Hermin Sulistyarti, A. Sabarudin","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.478","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroquinone is an organic antioxidant widely used for skin lightening products which can cause negative impact in excessive use. This study is focused on the development of fast method for the determination of hydroquinone using flow injection-indirect spectrophotometry based on the formation of red complex Iron(II)-phenanthroline. In this method, hydroquinone reduced iron(III) to iron(II) which in the presence of phenanthroline formed Iron(II)-phenanthroline complex detected at maximum wavelength of 510 nm. The common operational and chemical conditions were optimized and the effect of several interfering compounds was also studied to achieve the highest sensitivity with acceptable analysis time. The optimum method performance was obtained under the conditions of 100 µL sample volume, 50 cm mixing coil-1and 75 cm mixing coil-2, 5 ml/min flow rate, 100 mgL -1 Iron(III) concentration, and 0.15 % phenanthroline. Under these conditions the proposed FI-spectrophotometry gave results to linear calibration over the concentration range from 2-100 mgL -1 (y = 0.028x and R 2 of 0.999). The method was not interfered in the presence of vitamin C 1 mgL -1 and resorcinol up to 10 mgL -1 . However, the higher concentration of vitamin C ³10 ppm and resorcinol ³ 20 ppm gave significant error of measurements. Method validation using standard additions gave results to average recovery value of 97.02 %, which indicates that the FI-spectrophotometry method can be used as an alternative method for determining hydroquinone in cosmetic. Key words : Hydroquinone, flow injection, spectrophotometry, iron, phenanthroline.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"208-2016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81368790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.03.487
M. A. Pamungkas, Choirun Nisa, Istiroyah Istiroyah, A. Abdurrouf
Since silicon nitride (SiN x ) film is more stable than SiO 2, silicon nitride, thus it is widely used in semiconductor industry as an insulatorlayer. The study of nitrogenation process of a-Si was performed using molecular dynamics simulations to determine the properties of the bonds created in the structure of a-SiNx. Reactive force field (Reaxff) was used as potential in this molecular dynamic simulation owing to its ability to describe charge transfer as well as breaking and formation of atomic bonds. The structure of a-Si is obtained by melting the crystalline silicon at temperature of 3500 K followed by quenching to room temperature. The nitrogenation process was carried out by randomly distributing 900 N atoms over the a-Si surface for 60 ps at temperature varied from 300 K, 600 K, 900 K, and 1200 K. The higher the temperature nitrogenation applied in the system, the more number of N atoms adsorbed, resulting in a deeper penetration depth of Nitrogen atom. Amorphization and nitrogenation changed the distribution of coordination number of Ni, Si, and O atoms. Transfer of electrons from silicon to nitrogen occurs only in the nearest nitrogen atom with silicon atom.
{"title":"Nitrogenation of Amorphous Silicon : Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations","authors":"M. A. Pamungkas, Choirun Nisa, Istiroyah Istiroyah, A. Abdurrouf","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.03.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2019.008.03.487","url":null,"abstract":"Since silicon nitride (SiN x ) film is more stable than SiO 2, silicon nitride, thus it is widely used in semiconductor industry as an insulatorlayer. The study of nitrogenation process of a-Si was performed using molecular dynamics simulations to determine the properties of the bonds created in the structure of a-SiNx. Reactive force field (Reaxff) was used as potential in this molecular dynamic simulation owing to its ability to describe charge transfer as well as breaking and formation of atomic bonds. The structure of a-Si is obtained by melting the crystalline silicon at temperature of 3500 K followed by quenching to room temperature. The nitrogenation process was carried out by randomly distributing 900 N atoms over the a-Si surface for 60 ps at temperature varied from 300 K, 600 K, 900 K, and 1200 K. The higher the temperature nitrogenation applied in the system, the more number of N atoms adsorbed, resulting in a deeper penetration depth of Nitrogen atom. Amorphization and nitrogenation changed the distribution of coordination number of Ni, Si, and O atoms. Transfer of electrons from silicon to nitrogen occurs only in the nearest nitrogen atom with silicon atom.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-18DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.473
Hermin Sulistyarti, Mega Madha Wijaya, Dewi Setyowati, S. Sutrisno, Erwin Sulistyo
A new analytical device for mercury detection has been developed by doping dithizone on to hydrophobic PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane to form a blue dithizone membrane which instantaneously changed to orange color of mercury(II)-dithizonate complex, when this dithizone membrane was contacted to mercury(II) solution. The higher concentration of mercury showed the greater intensity of the orange colour mercury(II)-dithizonate complex. The design and chemicals were optimized to obtain the best performance for mercury measurement. This method is prospective as mercury test kit for simple, low cost, and rapid semi-quantitative method for mercury(II) determination from 1-10 mgL-1 suits for on-site mercury detection and has been applied to cosmetics with satisfactory results.
{"title":"Simple and Rapid Device for Mercury Detection Based on The Formation of Mercury(II)-Dithizonate on Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Membrane","authors":"Hermin Sulistyarti, Mega Madha Wijaya, Dewi Setyowati, S. Sutrisno, Erwin Sulistyo","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.473","url":null,"abstract":"A new analytical device for mercury detection has been developed by doping dithizone on to hydrophobic PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane to form a blue dithizone membrane which instantaneously changed to orange color of mercury(II)-dithizonate complex, when this dithizone membrane was contacted to mercury(II) solution. The higher concentration of mercury showed the greater intensity of the orange colour mercury(II)-dithizonate complex. The design and chemicals were optimized to obtain the best performance for mercury measurement. This method is prospective as mercury test kit for simple, low cost, and rapid semi-quantitative method for mercury(II) determination from 1-10 mgL-1 suits for on-site mercury detection and has been applied to cosmetics with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78318227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-08DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.475
S. Warnasih, A. H. Mulyati, D. Widiastuti, Zuniar Subastian, L. Ambarsari, P. Sugita
Red Sayer is one of the date varieties from the United Arab Emirates. This variety is one type of dates that is imported into Indonesia and used as processed date palm juice producing waste, namely date seeds. Date seeds can be made into some coffee that is rich in antioxidants and does not contain caffeine. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenol, and caffeine contents in coffee of the Red Sayer variety date seeds. Coffee of date seeds is made into powder and then analyzed for its contents of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates and total sugar, besides its antioxidant activity, total phenol, and caffeine levels. The results of the analysis obtained are, as follows: 4.42±0.01% water, 1.17±0.04% ash, 8.55±0.64% protein, 7.34±0.07% fat, 78.52±0.76% carbohydrate, 16.39±0.01% total sugar, 23.81±0.22 µg/mL antioxidant activity (IC50) and 340.65±1.53 mg GAE / 100g total phenol, while caffeine is not detected. Red Sayer date seed coffee, therefore, can be a source of carbohydrates and natural antioxidants that does not contain caffeine.
{"title":"Chemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenol, and Caffeine Contents in Coffee of Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) of Red Sayer Variety","authors":"S. Warnasih, A. H. Mulyati, D. Widiastuti, Zuniar Subastian, L. Ambarsari, P. Sugita","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.475","url":null,"abstract":"Red Sayer is one of the date varieties from the United Arab Emirates. This variety is one type of dates that is imported into Indonesia and used as processed date palm juice producing waste, namely date seeds. Date seeds can be made into some coffee that is rich in antioxidants and does not contain caffeine. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenol, and caffeine contents in coffee of the Red Sayer variety date seeds. Coffee of date seeds is made into powder and then analyzed for its contents of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates and total sugar, besides its antioxidant activity, total phenol, and caffeine levels. The results of the analysis obtained are, as follows: 4.42±0.01% water, 1.17±0.04% ash, 8.55±0.64% protein, 7.34±0.07% fat, 78.52±0.76% carbohydrate, 16.39±0.01% total sugar, 23.81±0.22 µg/mL antioxidant activity (IC50) and 340.65±1.53 mg GAE / 100g total phenol, while caffeine is not detected. Red Sayer date seed coffee, therefore, can be a source of carbohydrates and natural antioxidants that does not contain caffeine.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73028435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.459
K. D. Pandiangan, W. Simanjuntak, I. Ilim, H. Satria, N. Jamarun
This research was conducted to study the performance of CaO/SiO2 prepared from local limestone and rice husk silica as catalyst for transesterification of coconut oil. A series of catalysts with CaO loads of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% relative to silica was prepared using solgel method, followed by calcination at 700 °C for six hours. The catalysts were then used to evaluate the effect of CaO loads on percent of conversion of coconut oil. Several kinetic factors associated with transesterification was also investigated. The products of transesterification were analyzed using GC-MS technique, revealing that they are composed methyl esters of fatty acid composing coconut oil. Quite significant effect of CaO loads observed, in which the higher the load, the higher the percent of conversion. However, it should be noted that the use of 25% CaO led to formation of soap due to leaching of some CaO from the catalyst. Taking this leaching into account, it was then concluded that percent of conversion of 98.3%, is the best result, which was obtained with the use of catalyst with CaO load of 20%, reaction time of 60 minutes, methanol to oil ratio of 8:1, and the catalyst amount of 5% relative to mass of the oil.
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