Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.02.508
Mahreni Mahreni, Mitha Puspitasari
Indonesian coal consumption is dominated by a low-grade coal quality, and supplied from local coals mining which was composed of lignite. A technological breakthrough has to be main objective to convert low grade coal into upper-class coal. This paper reports on improving the quality of lignite coal by washing with biosurfactant. Di-alkyl carbohydrates were tested on coal sizes of 80, 64, 16 and 6 mesh. The optimum biosurfactant applied to increase the calorific value derived from brown algae, namely isopropyl stearate alginate (ISA) 0.5%. This was able to improve a calorific value of lignite coal up to 27722.74% or increased by 11%. The size of the coal also affects the calorific value of lignite coal. Four coal sizes applied in the study (80, 64, 16, and 6 mesh), indicates coal size 80 mesh has given the best calorific value improvement. Conversely, the smaller of the coal size, increase biosurfactant absorption. Thus, improve the washing capability of biosurfactants.
{"title":"Preliminary Study of Calorific Value Increase on Lignite Coal Using Dialkyl Carbohydrate Biosurfactant","authors":"Mahreni Mahreni, Mitha Puspitasari","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.02.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.02.508","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesian coal consumption is dominated by a low-grade coal quality, and supplied from local coals mining which was composed of lignite. A technological breakthrough has to be main objective to convert low grade coal into upper-class coal. This paper reports on improving the quality of lignite coal by washing with biosurfactant. Di-alkyl carbohydrates were tested on coal sizes of 80, 64, 16 and 6 mesh. The optimum biosurfactant applied to increase the calorific value derived from brown algae, namely isopropyl stearate alginate (ISA) 0.5%. This was able to improve a calorific value of lignite coal up to 27722.74% or increased by 11%. The size of the coal also affects the calorific value of lignite coal. Four coal sizes applied in the study (80, 64, 16, and 6 mesh), indicates coal size 80 mesh has given the best calorific value improvement. Conversely, the smaller of the coal size, increase biosurfactant absorption. Thus, improve the washing capability of biosurfactants.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86896833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.481
N. Wijaya, Lailatul Rohmah, E. Anggraini, Rana Ayu Ning Tyas, Rizki Wahyu Aji Wibowo, M. Masruri
White ginger which is also called Jahe Putih ( Zingiber officinale ) in Indonesia, is widely used in local Indonesian communities. It is a popular ingredient in beverages for stamina and also a bioactive ingredient for many traditional Indonesian food recipes. It is a popular ingredient in beverages for stamina and also a bioactive ingredient for many traditional food recipes. However, with the increase in demand for ginger related products, fake ginger formulated products are widespread in the market. This paper is disclosed the chemical profile of essential oil obtained from steam distillation of the local ginger. The results of this study can be used as a standard to detect original ginger. It was found that the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the white ginger contained 0.19% of a dried weight after 3 h of steam distillation. A total of 40 monoterpenoids (C10) and sesquiterpenoids (C15) secondary metabolite compounds were respectively detected in the oil.
白姜在印度尼西亚也被称为Jahe Putih (Zingiber officinale)，在印度尼西亚当地社区广泛使用。它是一种受欢迎的提神饮料成分，也是许多传统印尼食品配方的生物活性成分。它是一种受欢迎的耐力饮料成分，也是许多传统食品配方的生物活性成分。然而，随着生姜相关产品需求的增加，假姜配方产品在市场上广泛存在。本文公开了当地生姜蒸馏油的化学成分。本研究结果可作为鉴别生姜原液的标准。经3 h蒸馏法测定，白姜精油的化学成分为干重的0.19%。共检出40种单萜类(C10)和倍半萜类(C15)次生代谢产物。
{"title":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profile of Essential Oils Derived from Zingiber officinale Rosc. Rhizome","authors":"N. Wijaya, Lailatul Rohmah, E. Anggraini, Rana Ayu Ning Tyas, Rizki Wahyu Aji Wibowo, M. Masruri","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.481","url":null,"abstract":"White ginger which is also called Jahe Putih ( Zingiber officinale ) in Indonesia, is widely used in local Indonesian communities. It is a popular ingredient in beverages for stamina and also a bioactive ingredient for many traditional Indonesian food recipes. It is a popular ingredient in beverages for stamina and also a bioactive ingredient for many traditional food recipes. However, with the increase in demand for ginger related products, fake ginger formulated products are widespread in the market. This paper is disclosed the chemical profile of essential oil obtained from steam distillation of the local ginger. The results of this study can be used as a standard to detect original ginger. It was found that the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the white ginger contained 0.19% of a dried weight after 3 h of steam distillation. A total of 40 monoterpenoids (C10) and sesquiterpenoids (C15) secondary metabolite compounds were respectively detected in the oil.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76560286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-27DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.514
Yus Rama Denny Muchtar, T. Firmansyah, A. Trenggono, Danu Wijaya, G. Antarnusa, A. Suherman
This study carried out on the effect of precursor concentration and annealed substrate temperature on the crystal structure, electronic and optical properties of ZnO thin film. An aqueous solution of Acid Nitrite was used as precursors and its concentration was varied from 0.1 M to 0.4 M. The ZnO thin film was deposited on the glass substrate by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition and annealed with different temperature from 300 o C to 600 o C. The crystal structure, electronic and optical properties were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Spectrometer. XRD result showed that all thin films have amorphous hexagonal wurtzite crystalline. Particle sizes ranging from 21.83 to 43.67 nm were calculated through Debye-Scherer Method. It showed that the concentration of the precursor had slightly impact on the particle size. Meanwhile, the increase in particle size with increasing annealed temperature is found to be gradual. The average transparent of all thin film was more than 80%. The bandgap of the ZnO thin films was estimated by Tauc Plot Relation. It showed that the bandgap values were increased with the increasing of precursor concentration due to Burstein-Moss Effect. In addition, the decrease in band gap values was found with increasing annealed temperature. Our results demonstrated that the varying precursor concentration and annealed substrate temperature can enhance the structure, electronic and the optical properties of ZnO thin films.
{"title":"Effect of Precursor Concentration and Annealed Substrate Temperature on the Crystal Structure, Electronic and Optical Properties of ZnO thin film","authors":"Yus Rama Denny Muchtar, T. Firmansyah, A. Trenggono, Danu Wijaya, G. Antarnusa, A. Suherman","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.514","url":null,"abstract":"This study carried out on the effect of precursor concentration and annealed substrate temperature on the crystal structure, electronic and optical properties of ZnO thin film. An aqueous solution of Acid Nitrite was used as precursors and its concentration was varied from 0.1 M to 0.4 M. The ZnO thin film was deposited on the glass substrate by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition and annealed with different temperature from 300 o C to 600 o C. The crystal structure, electronic and optical properties were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Spectrometer. XRD result showed that all thin films have amorphous hexagonal wurtzite crystalline. Particle sizes ranging from 21.83 to 43.67 nm were calculated through Debye-Scherer Method. It showed that the concentration of the precursor had slightly impact on the particle size. Meanwhile, the increase in particle size with increasing annealed temperature is found to be gradual. The average transparent of all thin film was more than 80%. The bandgap of the ZnO thin films was estimated by Tauc Plot Relation. It showed that the bandgap values were increased with the increasing of precursor concentration due to Burstein-Moss Effect. In addition, the decrease in band gap values was found with increasing annealed temperature. Our results demonstrated that the varying precursor concentration and annealed substrate temperature can enhance the structure, electronic and the optical properties of ZnO thin films.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81436731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.490
Hayet Bakhti, N. Hamida, D. Hauchard
Electro Fenton with volumic cathode consisting of granules of carbon graphite was applied to degrade the insecticide Isoprocarb in aqueous solutions. The effects of various factors including current intensity and pesticide initial concentration were investigated in order to obtain the best experimental conditions for its degradation and mineralization. Kinetic studies determined that the insecticide removal followed a pseudo first order. The absolute rate constant for the oxidation of Isoprocarb by hydroxyl radicals were determined as 3.32 × 10 9 L mol − 1 s − 1 by competitive kinetics method taking benzoic acid as reference compound. In this work, we have also studied the mineralization of aqueous solutions of this insecticide in term of total organic carbon (TOC). After 3 hours of electrolysis, and at I = 800 mA, more than 40 % of the organic carbon presented in the solution is mineralized. Various aromatic by-products, principally formed by oxidation of the pesticide, accompanied by hydroxylation of the aromatic cycle, have been identified. Thus, the oxidative opening of the aromatic ring leads to the formation of carboxylic acids and nitrate ions. The biodegradability of Isoprocarb is estimated by the measurement of its Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ). Keywords: Isoprocarb, electro Fenton, mineralization, hydroxyl radicals, oxidation.
采用体积阴极碳石墨颗粒电Fenton法降解水中的杀虫剂异丙威。考察了电流强度和农药初始浓度等因素对其降解矿化的影响，获得了最佳的实验条件。动力学研究表明，杀虫剂的去除遵循伪一级。以苯甲酸为参比化合物，用竞争动力学方法测定了异丙威被羟基自由基氧化的绝对速率常数为3.32 × 10 9 L mol−1 s−1。在这项工作中，我们还从总有机碳(TOC)的角度研究了该杀虫剂水溶液的矿化。电解3小时后，在I = 800 mA时，溶液中存在的有机碳有40%以上被矿化。各种芳香副产物，主要是由农药氧化形成的，伴随着芳香循环的羟基化，已经被确定。因此，芳环的氧化打开导致羧酸和硝酸盐离子的形成。异丙威的生物降解性是通过测定其生化需氧量(bod5)来估计的。关键词:异丙威，电Fenton，矿化，羟基自由基，氧化。
{"title":"Degradation and Mineralization of Pesticide Isoprocarb by Electro Fenton Process","authors":"Hayet Bakhti, N. Hamida, D. Hauchard","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.490","url":null,"abstract":"Electro Fenton with volumic cathode consisting of granules of carbon graphite was applied to degrade the insecticide Isoprocarb in aqueous solutions. The effects of various factors including current intensity and pesticide initial concentration were investigated in order to obtain the best experimental conditions for its degradation and mineralization. Kinetic studies determined that the insecticide removal followed a pseudo first order. The absolute rate constant for the oxidation of Isoprocarb by hydroxyl radicals were determined as 3.32 × 10 9 L mol − 1 s − 1 by competitive kinetics method taking benzoic acid as reference compound. In this work, we have also studied the mineralization of aqueous solutions of this insecticide in term of total organic carbon (TOC). After 3 hours of electrolysis, and at I = 800 mA, more than 40 % of the organic carbon presented in the solution is mineralized. Various aromatic by-products, principally formed by oxidation of the pesticide, accompanied by hydroxylation of the aromatic cycle, have been identified. Thus, the oxidative opening of the aromatic ring leads to the formation of carboxylic acids and nitrate ions. The biodegradability of Isoprocarb is estimated by the measurement of its Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ). Keywords: Isoprocarb, electro Fenton, mineralization, hydroxyl radicals, oxidation.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88034749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.505
T. Ernawati, M. Minarti, P. Lotulung
Concept the role played by modified quinine in the asymmetric hydroxyl group inspired studies of modified quinine as chiral organic that lead to drug discovery development. A simple and efficient method for C-9 alkylation and arylation of quinine derivatives was reported. Series quinine derivatives were synthesized through the esterification of the hydroxyl group of quinine. The reaction with various alkyl and aryl carbonyl chloride resulted in the series of ester quinine derivatives. The structure of quinine derivatives was characterized by IR, melting point, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, LCMS.
{"title":"Structure Modification of Quinine on C-9 Hydroxyl Group via Esterification Reaction","authors":"T. Ernawati, M. Minarti, P. Lotulung","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.505","url":null,"abstract":"Concept the role played by modified quinine in the asymmetric hydroxyl group inspired studies of modified quinine as chiral organic that lead to drug discovery development. A simple and efficient method for C-9 alkylation and arylation of quinine derivatives was reported. Series quinine derivatives were synthesized through the esterification of the hydroxyl group of quinine. The reaction with various alkyl and aryl carbonyl chloride resulted in the series of ester quinine derivatives. The structure of quinine derivatives was characterized by IR, melting point, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, LCMS.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86991658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-19DOI: 10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.511
M. T. Tuny, K. Kurnia
Gold mining activity at Tiabo river in the North Halmahera causes the water on the river is contaminated by mercury. The contamination mercury on the water can damage food chain and adverse consequences toward health of people, fish, and so on. The purpose of this study is to obtain the concentration of mercury contamination that was caused by gold mining activity. The water and sediment sample was obtained by purposive sampling. The characterization of concentration mercury in the water and sediment using mercury analyzer HG-300 in the wave length 253.72 nm. The result shows that mercury concentration of the water in the six and five sample point in the rainy session and the dry session respectively is <0.66 µg/L, and the mercury concentration in the sediment shows that the lower value in the upstream river was 1.2 mg/kg and the higher concentration in the middle of river was 8.94 mg/kg respectively in the rainy session. The result indicates that the contamination mercury in the moderate danger level according to the IADC/CEDA data standard.
{"title":"Analysis of Mercury Concentration on The Water and Sediment at Tiabo River, Roko, West Galela District, North Halmahera","authors":"M. T. Tuny, K. Kurnia","doi":"10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JPACR.2020.009.01.511","url":null,"abstract":"Gold mining activity at Tiabo river in the North Halmahera causes the water on the river is contaminated by mercury. The contamination mercury on the water can damage food chain and adverse consequences toward health of people, fish, and so on. The purpose of this study is to obtain the concentration of mercury contamination that was caused by gold mining activity. The water and sediment sample was obtained by purposive sampling. The characterization of concentration mercury in the water and sediment using mercury analyzer HG-300 in the wave length 253.72 nm. The result shows that mercury concentration of the water in the six and five sample point in the rainy session and the dry session respectively is <0.66 µg/L, and the mercury concentration in the sediment shows that the lower value in the upstream river was 1.2 mg/kg and the higher concentration in the middle of river was 8.94 mg/kg respectively in the rainy session. The result indicates that the contamination mercury in the moderate danger level according to the IADC/CEDA data standard.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78200325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-15DOI: 10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.517
Zuffa Anisa, M. Zainuri
Lithium Ferro Phosphate Carbon Composite (LFP/C) had been synthesized using solid-state reaction method. Magnetite sand Fe3O4 was used as Fe- source in LFP/C synthesized. Calcination temperature of the sample performed at 400, 500, and 600°C. The phase and composition of samples determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The dominant identified phase at 400°C was diphosphate LiFeP2O7, and the others phases were nasicon Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and hematite Fe2O3. As the temperature getting higher the diphosphate phase LiFeP2O7 transform to nasicon Li3Fe2(PO4)3.The chemical bonds, lattice vibration and other structural features of the sample were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy in range of 1400 – 400 cm-1. Specific vibration modes in LFP-1 to LFP-3 for each bonding were shown by the high intense in certain wavenumber.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Lithium Iron Phosphate Carbon Composite (LFP/C) using Magnetite Sand Fe3O4","authors":"Zuffa Anisa, M. Zainuri","doi":"10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.517","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium Ferro Phosphate Carbon Composite (LFP/C) had been synthesized using solid-state reaction method. Magnetite sand Fe3O4 was used as Fe- source in LFP/C synthesized. Calcination temperature of the sample performed at 400, 500, and 600°C. The phase and composition of samples determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The dominant identified phase at 400°C was diphosphate LiFeP2O7, and the others phases were nasicon Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and hematite Fe2O3. As the temperature getting higher the diphosphate phase LiFeP2O7 transform to nasicon Li3Fe2(PO4)3.The chemical bonds, lattice vibration and other structural features of the sample were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy in range of 1400 – 400 cm-1. Specific vibration modes in LFP-1 to LFP-3 for each bonding were shown by the high intense in certain wavenumber.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74403077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-15DOI: 10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.509
Galuh Widiyarti, A. Sundowo, E. Filailla, J. A. Laksmono
The extraction process from leaves and twigs of gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb)plant was conducted mechanically by using traditional hydraulic press, conventional screw press, and modified twin-screw press. The leaves and twigs of gambier plant was obtained from traditional farmer in Limapuluh Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The water, ash and catechin contents of the gambier extracts were analyzed based on SNI 01-3391-2000 using spectrophotometry and thermogravimetry method. Antioxidant activity analysis of the extracts was also performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) method and compared tovitamin C as a standard antioxidant. The analysis results showed that the extracts contain no ash. Meanwhile, the catechin and water contents of the extracts were approximately 50 and 13% thus the extracts were classified as quality gambier 2. Other than that, analysis result of catechin and epicatechin contents of the extracts using HPLC and compared to the reference materials showed that catechins contents of the extracts using traditional hydraulic press, conventionalscrew press, and modified twin-screw press give catechin content in about 94.296-95.030%. However, epicatechin was detected in a trace amount. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were 2.5 times stronger than reference. The IC50 value of 4.37-4.52 µg/mL and was categorized as active antioxidant.
{"title":"The Mechanically Extraction Process of Gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) from Limapuluh Kota, West Sumatera and Its Antioxidant activity","authors":"Galuh Widiyarti, A. Sundowo, E. Filailla, J. A. Laksmono","doi":"10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.509","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction process from leaves and twigs of gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb)plant was conducted mechanically by using traditional hydraulic press, conventional screw press, and modified twin-screw press. The leaves and twigs of gambier plant was obtained from traditional farmer in Limapuluh Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The water, ash and catechin contents of the gambier extracts were analyzed based on SNI 01-3391-2000 using spectrophotometry and thermogravimetry method. Antioxidant activity analysis of the extracts was also performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) method and compared tovitamin C as a standard antioxidant. The analysis results showed that the extracts contain no ash. Meanwhile, the catechin and water contents of the extracts were approximately 50 and 13% thus the extracts were classified as quality gambier 2. Other than that, analysis result of catechin and epicatechin contents of the extracts using HPLC and compared to the reference materials showed that catechins contents of the extracts using traditional hydraulic press, conventionalscrew press, and modified twin-screw press give catechin content in about 94.296-95.030%. However, epicatechin was detected in a trace amount. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were 2.5 times stronger than reference. The IC50 value of 4.37-4.52 µg/mL and was categorized as active antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75780805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-15DOI: 10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.464
R. F. Kesuma, E. Monica, R. Alfanaar
Botanicals were known as active ingredients in sunscreens due to their dermal protecting. Gold in colloidal form has a completely unique property for the reason that it may be used as photoaging material. The exposure of UV radiation to skin can cause erythema and skin cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties of the sunscreens made from Au/ZnO and antioxidant from Moringa oleifera extract such as the sun protection factor (SPF), pH, spreadability, and adhesion. The Moringa oleifera were extracted by maceration. Maceration with 70% ethanol of dried leaves exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 235.01 μg/mL). Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra of ZnO and Au/ZnO revealed absorption at λex of 385 nm which were equivalent to a bandgap energy of 3.22 eV. Au/ZnO posed a localized state at λex of 385 (3.65 eV). The sunscreens with formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 showed high SPF number of 20.1479, 21.0008, 22.3872, and18.4631. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between sunscreen formulations.
{"title":"Physical Properties Investigation on Sunscreens with Colloidal Gold and Moringa oleifera Extract","authors":"R. F. Kesuma, E. Monica, R. Alfanaar","doi":"10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/JPACR.UB.2020.009.01.464","url":null,"abstract":"Botanicals were known as active ingredients in sunscreens due to their dermal protecting. Gold in colloidal form has a completely unique property for the reason that it may be used as photoaging material. The exposure of UV radiation to skin can cause erythema and skin cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties of the sunscreens made from Au/ZnO and antioxidant from Moringa oleifera extract such as the sun protection factor (SPF), pH, spreadability, and adhesion. The Moringa oleifera were extracted by maceration. Maceration with 70% ethanol of dried leaves exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 235.01 μg/mL). Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra of ZnO and Au/ZnO revealed absorption at λex of 385 nm which were equivalent to a bandgap energy of 3.22 eV. Au/ZnO posed a localized state at λex of 385 (3.65 eV). The sunscreens with formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 showed high SPF number of 20.1479, 21.0008, 22.3872, and18.4631. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between sunscreen formulations.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90858749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.496
S SalprimaYudha, M. Adfa, Aswin Falahudin, D. A. Triawan, Liana Wahyuni, M. S. Perdani
Cerium (IV) oxide or ceria (CeO 2 ) was fabricated by heating an aqueous extract of Garcinia mangostana and cerium (III) nitrate in hydrothermal autoclave reactor at 200 °C for 3 hours, followed by calcination at 600 °C for 5 hours. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the precipitate from cerium(III) nitrate under hydrothermal reaction conditions shows no clear XRD peaks, indicating its amorphous nature. In contrast, the products from the calcinated samples exhibit XRD peaks, which correspond to cubic fluorite structure with an average crystal size of 7.55 nm. The elemental mapping using the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals the main elements present were cerium and oxygen, with minor impurities in low amounts. The presence of Garcinia mangostana extract is predicted to be the key component and fuel source to obtain CeO 2 particles with narrow crystal size.
{"title":"Garcinia Mangostana Peel Extract as Sustainable Fuel Source on Ceria Synthesis under Hydrothermal Condition","authors":"S SalprimaYudha, M. Adfa, Aswin Falahudin, D. A. Triawan, Liana Wahyuni, M. S. Perdani","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.03.496","url":null,"abstract":"Cerium (IV) oxide or ceria (CeO 2 ) was fabricated by heating an aqueous extract of Garcinia mangostana and cerium (III) nitrate in hydrothermal autoclave reactor at 200 °C for 3 hours, followed by calcination at 600 °C for 5 hours. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the precipitate from cerium(III) nitrate under hydrothermal reaction conditions shows no clear XRD peaks, indicating its amorphous nature. In contrast, the products from the calcinated samples exhibit XRD peaks, which correspond to cubic fluorite structure with an average crystal size of 7.55 nm. The elemental mapping using the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals the main elements present were cerium and oxygen, with minor impurities in low amounts. The presence of Garcinia mangostana extract is predicted to be the key component and fuel source to obtain CeO 2 particles with narrow crystal size.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82092149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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