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Academization of Nursing and Its Possible Consequences for Hospital Management in Germany 德国护理学院化及其对医院管理的可能影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2167-1168.2020.9.504
Alex, E. Pachanov
The history of nursing academization worldwide spans over a century. In Germany, this process started in the early 1990’s and, relative to many other countries, has remained slow. However, some of the latest developments in the country are promising a constant increase in the number of nurses with academic education. Consequently, this process arouses new challenges and opportunities for hospital management. Through a literature review, this paper aimed to give an overview over the progress toward nursing academization in Germany, in comparison with the United States and the European Union. The other objective was to identify examples of the consequences of the process for German hospital management and to design proposals to facilitate adaptation to possible challenges.
全世界护理学院化的历史长达一个多世纪。在德国,这一进程始于20世纪90年代初,相对于许多其他国家,这一进程仍然缓慢。然而,该国的一些最新发展表明,受过学术教育的护士人数有望不断增加。因此,这一过程给医院管理带来了新的挑战和机遇。通过文献综述,本文旨在概述德国护理学术化的进展,并与美国和欧盟进行比较。另一个目标是确定这一进程对德国医院管理的影响的例子,并设计建议,以促进适应可能的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Current Aspects of Patient and Nursing Professional Safety in the Face of Pandemic - COVID-19 面对COVID-19大流行患者和护理专业安全的当前方面
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2167-1168.2020.9.503
T. Fern, es
Objective: To identify the performance of nursing professionals in relation to the essential aspects for the provision of safe care to patients infected by COVID-19 hospitalized in the emergency department. Method: A simple literature review with data collected during the peak period of the disease in real time in available databases. Discussion: COVID-19 spreads around the world and reaches almost every continent. Immediate, important measures and education of the population, training of health professionals becomes a priority. In addition to effective prevention and control measures. Conclusion and final considerations: For a pandemic it is no easy task. However, in the case of COVID-19, it seems possible, since asymptomatic cases have not played an important role in transmission. Noticeable priority of protection to health professionals, isolate in quarantine the communicators and act quickly, given the lethality of the disease and that cases increase every day.
目的:了解护理专业人员在为急诊住院的COVID-19患者提供安全护理的基本方面的表现。方法:在现有数据库中实时收集疾病高峰期的资料,进行简单的文献回顾。讨论:2019冠状病毒病在世界各地蔓延,几乎到达每一个大洲。立即采取重要措施,对人口进行教育,培训保健专业人员成为优先事项。除了有效的预防和控制措施。结论和最后的考虑:对于大流行来说,这不是一项容易的任务。然而,就COVID-19而言,这似乎是可能的,因为无症状病例在传播中没有发挥重要作用。鉴于这种疾病的致命性和病例每天都在增加,必须优先保护卫生专业人员,隔离传播者并迅速采取行动。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Test Anxiety, Student Preferences and Performance on Different Examination Models in Umm AlQura University, Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯乌姆阿尔库拉大学学生在不同考试模式下的考试焦虑、偏好和表现评估
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2167-1168.2020.9.501
S. Farrag, Dayana Hammad, M. Afolabi
Background: Test anxiety is a special kind of anxiety-worry mixed with fear which arises in situations where an individual is being evaluated in an academic context. This anxiety may prevent effective use and communication of the information learned by students for examinations, resulting in poor academic performance. Factors such as examination types and socio-cultural context influence test anxiety in university students. Limited evidence is currently available on the roles played by these factors among nursing students in Saudi Arabia, where strong socio-cultural factors shape university education. Objectives: The study was designed to assess university students’ preferences for various examination types: quizzes, formal exam, Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), paper based written exam, oral exam, open book exam. The study also determined the association of test anxiety of the students and the results obtained from different examination types. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 baccalaureate nursing students at the Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was self-administered to the students, covering level of exam fairness, easiness, and the number of study hours required to attend the examinations. The test anxiety level of the students was evaluated using a Westside Test Anxiety Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to explore the association between test anxiety and socio-demographic characteristics of the students. Results: A total of 135 female nursing students were enrolled into the study. Their ages ranged from 20 to 22 years with mean age of 20.8 ± 0.63. Only 24 (17.8%) of them were married at the time of the study. Fifty-nine participants (43.7%) missed less than three theory lectures while 64 (47.4%) were absent for less than three times in the practical sessions. The most preferred examination type was monthly written examination 43 (31.9%) while 78 (57.8%) students had problematic test anxiety. The most frequent coping mechanisms adopted to manage test anxiety by study participants were psychological support and preparation for the examination (p=0.001 and p=0.031, respectively). No statistically significant association existed between test anxiety and academic performance (p=0.41). However, coping mechanisms such as preparing for the exam and psychological support had a statistically significant relationship with academic performance (p<0.0001 and 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that test anxiety and preferences for particular test formats affect the students ability to demonstrate content knowledge. The results suggest the need for school support system to make testing outcomes more equitable for nursing students.
背景:考试焦虑是一种特殊的焦虑-担心与恐惧混合在一起,出现在个人在学术环境中被评估的情况下。这种焦虑可能会阻碍学生有效地利用和交流考试所学的信息,导致学习成绩不佳。考试类型和社会文化背景等因素影响大学生的考试焦虑。目前关于这些因素在沙特阿拉伯护理专业学生中所起作用的证据有限,在沙特阿拉伯,强烈的社会文化因素塑造了大学教育。目的:本研究旨在评估大学生对各种考试类型的偏好:测验、正式考试、客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)、纸本笔试、口试、开卷考试。研究还确定了学生的考试焦虑与不同考试类型的成绩之间的关系。方法:对沙特阿拉伯Umm Al-Qura大学135名护理本科学生进行描述性横断面研究。一份预测的半结构化问卷由学生自行填写,内容包括考试公平程度、难易程度和参加考试所需的学习时数。学生的考试焦虑水平采用西侧考试焦虑量表进行评估。采用多变量方差分析探讨考试焦虑与学生社会人口学特征之间的关系。结果:共纳入135名女护生。年龄20 ~ 22岁,平均20.8±0.63岁。其中只有24人(17.8%)在研究期间已婚。理论课缺课少于3次的有59人(43.7%),实践课缺课少于3次的有64人(47.4%)。最喜欢的考试形式是每月笔试43人(31.9%),有问题的考试焦虑78人(57.8%)。研究参与者最常采用的应对机制是心理支持和准备考试(p=0.001和p=0.031)。考试焦虑与学习成绩之间无统计学意义的关联(p=0.41)。然而,应对机制如准备考试和心理支持与学习成绩有统计学意义的关系(p分别<0.0001和0.026)。结论:本研究表明,考试焦虑和对特定考试形式的偏好会影响学生对内容知识的展示能力。结果表明,需要学校的支持系统,使测试结果更公平的护理学生。
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引用次数: 1
Study on Knowledge and Compliance of Standard Precautions among Intensive Care Units Nurses in Shaanxi Province, China 陕西省重症监护病房护士标准预防知识及依从性调查
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2167-1168.2020.9.506
Abdalkareem Almhammd, Yanting Meng, Muwaffak Al Osman, I. Massey, O. Smadi, Yang Luo
Introduction: The standard precautions advanced by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1996, goals of Standard precautions to reducing the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals. The prpous of this study :to assess the knowledge and compliance of standard precautions among ICU Nurses in Xi'an hospitals, and to identify the relationship between compliance, knowledge and general self-efficacy of standard among ICU Nurses in China. Methods: This study used a descriptive study design. A convenient sample of 471 ICU nurses working in 11 hospitals from Xi'an of Shaanxi Province in China. Data were gathered over four months, from June to October 2017. Tools: The questionnaire used for data collection included four parts:(1) general information,(2) knowledge of standard precautions, (3) compliance of standard precautions and (4) General self-efficacy scale. Data analyzed by SPSS 18. Result: 100% of respondents were female, their mean age was (28.6 ± 5.6), 90% of nurses have vaccination HBV, the mean knowledge score of participants were a good (17.3 ± 1.8 out of 20). (80.4%) of ICU nurses know Standard Precautions. The mean score of standard precautions compliance among ICU nurses were poor (66.12 ± 10.3 out of 80). Standard precautions knowledge was positively correlated with compliance (r=0.17) and general self-efficacy was also positively correlated with compliance (r=0.21). Conclusion: Based on the conclusions of this study, it can be assumed that the standard prevention knowledge and compliance of nurses in this study are still lacking. Standard precautions education should be encouraged, and adequate practical personal protection equipment should be implemented in order to reduce hospital infections and protect the health of patients and medical staff.
简介:美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)于1996年提出的标准预防措施,标准预防措施的目标是减少医院血液传播和其他病原体的传播风险。本研究的目的:评估西安市医院ICU护士对标准预防措施的知知度和依从性,并确定中国ICU护士对标准预防措施的依从性、知知度与总体自我效能感之间的关系。方法:采用描述性研究设计。选取陕西省西安市11家医院的471名ICU护士作为便捷样本。数据是在2017年6月至10月的四个月内收集的。工具:用于数据收集的问卷包括四个部分:(1)一般信息,(2)标准预防措施的知识,(3)标准预防措施的遵守情况,(4)一般自我效能量表。数据分析采用SPSS 18。结果:100%的被调查者为女性,平均年龄(28.6±5.6)岁,90%的护士接种过乙肝疫苗,平均知识得分较好(17.3±1.8分,满分20分)。(80.4%) ICU护士了解《标准注意事项》。ICU护士对标准预防措施依从性的平均得分较差(66.12±10.3分,满分80分)。标准预防知识与依从性呈正相关(r=0.17),一般自我效能感与依从性也呈正相关(r=0.21)。结论:根据本研究的结论,可以认为本研究中护士的规范预防知识和依从性仍然不足。应鼓励标准预防教育,并应配备足够实用的个人防护设备,以减少医院感染,保护病人和医务人员的健康。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between Pediatric Nursesandrsquo; Professional Values and their Attitudes towards Patient Safety 儿科护士与儿童健康的关系专业价值观及其对病人安全的态度
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/JNC.2020.9.502
H. Sarı, Esra Akgul, Yeliz Akatın, Naciye Siyahgul
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine whether pediatric nurses’ professional values affect their attitudes towards patient safety. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and it was carried out with 101 nurses working in pediatric clinics of a state hospital in Turkey in 2015. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Nurses Professional Values Scale and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Results: A positive correlation was determined between the scores obtained from the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire and the scores obtained from the Nurses Professional Values Scale (r: .315, p: .001). There was a significant positive correlation between the Perceptions of Management subscale of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire and the Nurses Professional Values Scale (r: .706), and its Activism (r: .796), ANA (American Nurses Association) Ethical Code 1 (r: .708), and ANA Ethical Code 11 (r: .772) subscales. There was a moderate positive correlation between the Perceptions of Management subscale of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire and the Nurses Professional Values Scale (r: .603), and its ANA Ethical Code 4 (r: .530) Conclusion: Pediatric nurses’ professional values affect their attitudes towards patient safety.
前言:本研究旨在确定儿科护士的职业价值观是否会影响其对患者安全的态度。方法:采用描述性横断面研究,对2015年在土耳其一家州立医院儿科诊所工作的101名护士进行调查。数据采用《个人信息表》、《护士职业价值观量表》和《护士安全态度问卷》进行收集。结果:安全态度问卷得分与护士职业价值观量表得分呈正相关(r: .315, p: .001)。安全态度问卷的管理认知子量表与护士职业价值观量表(r: 0.706)及其行动主义(r: 0.796)、ANA(美国护士协会)道德准则1 (r: 0.708)和ANA道德准则11 (r: 0.772)子量表之间存在显著正相关。安全态度问卷管理知觉分量表与护士职业价值观量表(r: 0.603)及其ANA伦理准则4 (r: 0.530)存在中度正相关。结论:儿科护士的职业价值观影响其对患者安全的态度。
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引用次数: 1
Nature or Nurture: The Relationship between Self-Care, Personality Traits, and Burnout in Critical Care Healthcare Professionals 先天或后天:自我照顾、人格特质与危重病医护人员职业倦怠的关系
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2167-1168.2020.9.505
Nathan Pacheco
Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a psychological condition in which inordinate exhaustion, cynical perspectives, and a self-perception of ineffectiveness develop in response to chronic work stressors. The intrinsic stress of the critical care work environment predisposes critical care healthcare professionals to burnout. The sequelae of BOS are serious. Associated morbidities range from aches, pains, and headaches to chronic, pernicious maladies such as hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, anxiety, and depression. Also, the presence of BOS affects healthcare professionals’ intention to leave practice. Subsequently, BOS contributes to high turnover rates, potentially costing hospitals millions. This study sought to examine the effect of personality traits and self-care on reported burnout levels in critical care healthcare professionals. Forty healthcare professionals were surveyed from two community, non-teaching hospitals in the northeastern United States. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, DSCPI-90, and Mini-International Personality Item Pool were used to measure burnout, self-care, and personality traits, respectively. Self-care was negatively correlated with burnout (r=-0.159, p=0.33). On average, professionals practiced self-care 61% of the time. The personality trait Extraversion was negatively correlated with burnout (r =-0.144, p=0.38). The personality traits Agreeableness and Neuroticism had large positive correlations (r =0.520, p =0.001) and (r=0.645, p=0.000) with the BOS dimension emotional exhaustion. Findings help identify protective, individual factors against BOS. Further research is necessary to validate the degree to which critical care professionals practice self-care and the correlations between personality, self-care, and BOS reported in this study.
倦怠综合症(BOS)是一种心理状态,表现为过度疲劳、愤世嫉俗和自我感觉效率低下,是对长期工作压力的反应。危重病护理工作环境的内在压力使危重病护理专业人员容易倦怠。BOS的后遗症很严重。相关的发病率范围从疼痛、头痛到慢性、有害的疾病,如高脂血症、冠心病、II型糖尿病、焦虑和抑郁。此外,BOS的存在会影响医疗保健专业人员离职的意愿。随后,BOS导致高离职率,可能给医院造成数百万美元的损失。本研究旨在探讨人格特质和自我照顾对危重病医护人员倦怠水平的影响。来自美国东北部两家社区非教学医院的40名医疗保健专业人员接受了调查。采用Maslach倦怠量表、DSCPI-90和迷你国际人格项目库分别测量倦怠、自我照顾和人格特质。自我照顾与职业倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.159, p=0.33)。平均而言,专业人士在61%的时间里进行自我护理。人格特质外向性与职业倦怠呈负相关(r =-0.144, p=0.38)。人格特质亲和性和神经质性与BOS维度情绪耗竭有显著正相关(r= 0.520, p= 0.001)和显著正相关(r=0.645, p=0.000)。研究结果有助于确定预防BOS的保护性个体因素。需要进一步的研究来验证重症监护专业人员实践自我护理的程度,以及本研究中报告的人格、自我护理和BOS之间的相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Postgraduate students’ perception of the educational environment of a wet lab training in Neurological Surgery Division, UCH, Ibadan 研究生对伊巴丹联合大学神经外科部湿实验室培训教育环境的感知
Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.CJNCP.1001020
Ibadan, Malomo Adefolarin, K. Aminu, A. Augustine, O. AdeleyeAmos, A. BalogunJames, Badejo Oluwakemi, T. ShokunbiMathew, J. Ayodele
The perception of students determine their attitude, academic progress and practice as professionals, to a large extent. Therefore, understanding the opinions of students/trainees is of utmost importance when evaluating the environment of medical education [1]. The quality of an educational program, as well as, the evaluation of their training, can be improved and modi ied through the feedback of students [2]. Investigations on students’ views of their learning environments have focused mostly on other educational disciplines like Architecture, Education and Communication while attention is just lately shifting to students of the clinical health sciences. Scholars describe the educational or learning environment to mean all the happenings within the classroom; the faculty or department, as well as, the institution as a whole [2,3]. In this context, all activities and interactions, relating to academic pursuits, taking place within an institution constitute the educational or learning environment. In the clinical sciences, researchers adopt different approaches to assess the medical educational environment. The most widely used standardized instrument in such settings is the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire by the Delphi panel. This has been applied among undergraduate medical students across locations like Nigeria; Nepal and Saudi Arabia [4-6], especially amongst Physiotherapy clinical students [7]. The wet lab is an emerging, important aspect of Research Article
学生的认知在很大程度上决定了他们作为专业人士的态度、学业进步和实践。因此,在评估医学教育环境时,了解学生/学员的意见是至关重要的。教育项目的质量,以及对培训的评估,都可以通过学生的反馈来改进和修改。关于学生对学习环境的看法的调查主要集中在其他教育学科,如建筑、教育和传播,而注意力最近才转移到临床健康科学的学生身上。学者们将教育或学习环境描述为课堂内发生的所有事情;教员或系,以及整个机构[2,3]。在这种情况下,在一个机构内发生的与学术追求有关的所有活动和互动构成了教育或学习环境。在临床科学中,研究人员采用不同的方法来评估医学教育环境。在这种情况下,最广泛使用的标准化工具是由德尔菲小组设计的邓迪就绪教育环境测量(DREEM)问卷。这在尼日利亚等地的医科本科生中得到了应用;尼泊尔和沙特阿拉伯[4-6],特别是在物理治疗临床学生b[7]。湿实验室是研究论文的一个新兴的、重要的方面
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引用次数: 0
Health care workers knowledge, attitude and practice towards hospital acquired infection prevention at Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东北部Dessie转诊医院医护人员预防医院获得性感染的知识、态度和做法
Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.CJNCP.1001019
Gezie Hailemariam, Leta Emebet, Admasu Fikrte, G. Sisay, D. Abebe, Goshiye Debrnesh
Conclusion: Even though the majority of the health care workers had good knowledge and favorable attitude, more than two third of them had poor practice towards hospital acquired infection prevention. Therefore health workers should strictly follow hospital acquired infection prevention guidelines. Improving sustainable supplies like personal protective equipment, water supply and hand washing facilities at patient care site is vital to correct the poor practice of infection prevention.
结论:绝大多数医护人员对医院获得性感染的预防有良好的认识和态度,但超过三分之二的医护人员对医院获得性感染的预防实践较差。因此,卫生工作者应严格遵守医院获得性感染预防指南。改善病人护理场所的个人防护装备、供水和洗手设施等可持续供应,对于纠正预防感染的不良做法至关重要。
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引用次数: 18
Patients’ satisfaction and associated factors towards nursing care in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东北部Dessie转诊医院患者护理满意度及相关因素分析
Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.CJNCP.1001018
Afework Edmealem, Yabebal Asfaw, Sewunet Ademe, Belachew Tegegne
Methods and Materials: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed from May 1 to June 1 2019. A total of 374 patients were selected by using systematic sampling technique and interviewer administer structured questionnaire was used to collect data. After data collection, the data were checked for its completeness and entered into Epi data version 3.1. The data were presented in frequency distribution tables and graphs. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were applied to identify factors at a p < 0.05.
方法和材料:2019年5月1日至6月1日采用基于机构的横断面研究设计。采用系统抽样法,采用访谈者管理的结构化问卷收集数据,共抽取374例患者。数据收集完成后,对数据进行完整性检查,录入Epi数据3.1版本。数据以频率分布表格和图表的形式呈现。采用双变量和多变量logistic回归识别因素,p < 0.05。
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引用次数: 4
PERBEDAAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL ANTARA YANG MENGALAMI EMESIS GRAVIDARUM DAN HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM DI PMB WIDYA HUSADA KOTA MALANG 在马朗市PMB WIDYA HUSADA的PMB妈妈性贫血的不同之处
Pub Date : 2019-09-29 DOI: 10.32700/JNC.V4I1.123
Agnis Sabat Kristiana, Eka Supriyanti, Sumiatun Sumiatun
Introduction: Pregnancy is a condition where a woman has a growing fetus in her body. Anemia in pregnancy is a condition of the mother with a hemoglobin level below 11 gr%. Pregnant women who experience anemia in 2013 had 37.1% and in 2018 there were 48.9% (Riskesdas, 2018). Method: The purpose of the study was to determine the differences in the incidence of anemia in pregnant women between those who experienced emesis gravidarum and hyperemesis gravidarum in PMB Widya Husada, Malang City. This research uses correlational analytic design with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were 31 pregnant women aged 0-28 weeks who experienced emesis gravidarum and hyperemesis gravidarum with a total sampling technique. The place of this research was conducted at BPS Widya Husada, Malang City. Data collection tool uses a checklist instrument to see the incidence of anemia, emesis gravidarum and hyperemesis gravidarum. Data analysis using Chi Square test. Result and Analysis: From the results of testing with Chi Square test obtained P> 0.05 then Ho accepted Ha rejected. There was no difference in the incidence of anemia in pregnant women between those who experienced emesis gravidarum and hyperemesis gravidarum at BPM Widya Husada, Malang City. Discussion: It is expected that pregnant women will increase their knowledge about nutritional status by carrying out prenatal checks on a regular basis to detect earlier risks
怀孕是指女性体内有一个正在生长的胎儿。妊娠期贫血是指母亲血红蛋白水平低于11%。2013年患有贫血的孕妇占37.1%,2018年为48.9% (Riskesdas, 2018年)。方法:本研究的目的是确定在麻郎市威迪雅胡萨达PMB发生妊娠呕吐和妊娠呕吐的孕妇中贫血发生率的差异。本研究采用相关分析设计与横断面方法。本研究采用全抽样方法,选取31例0 ~ 28周发生妊娠呕吐和妊娠剧吐的孕妇为研究对象。本研究地点在玛琅市BPS Widya Husada进行。数据收集工具使用检查表工具查看贫血、妊娠呕吐和妊娠剧吐的发生率。数据分析采用卡方检验。结果与分析:从卡方检验的结果得出P> 0.05,则Ho接受Ha拒绝。在玛琅市BPM Widya Husada,发生妊娠呕吐和妊娠剧吐的孕妇中,贫血的发生率没有差异。讨论:预计孕妇将通过定期进行产前检查以发现早期风险来增加对营养状况的了解
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引用次数: 1
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The journal of nursing care
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