Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

Rivers are recognised as providing valuable goods and services to society, and as hotspots of global biodiversity. Fish farming is an economically important activity associated with river systems; however, the effects of this industry on river health are not entirely understood. Studies evaluating interactions between freshwater fish farms and rivers are limited; therefore, we conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of evidence quality to assess the impacts of salmonid fish farming on river water quality. The review revealed that two main types of water quality indicators are generally applied: physicochemical and biological. The response variables used to determine the effects of fish farm effluent on water quality vary considerably, yet most studies indicate that aquaculture negatively affects the environment. Overall, we highlight the knowledge gaps, including a lack of studies in freshwater aquaculture hotspots. The effects of fish farming on bacterial communities are also not clear due to limited research on these bioindicators. We suggest improvements in study design, including thorough consideration of confounding factors, and the provision of background information on the fish farms.

S. Xie, L. Wang, M. Wang, Z. Qu, and Z. Bao, “Recent Advances in the Functional Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Pancrustacea,” Reviews in Aquaculture 18, no. 1 (2026): e70104. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70104.

The affiliation information for this article was published incorrectly.

The correct affiliations are as follows:

1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China

2 MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

3 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China

The online version of this article has been corrected accordingly.

The publisher apologizes for this error.

Global warming remains a neglected environmental challenge for the sustainability of primary production, particularly aquaculture, which is highly susceptible to the spread of established pathogens and the induction of emerging infectious diseases under warming conditions. Over the past decade, Europe has experienced dramatically high temperatures that may impact both farmed fish and their pathogens in a largely unpredictable manner. While, in general, warming may boost the rate of disease transmission and its virulence by increasing pathogens' fitness in weakened hosts, some diseases characteristic of cooler environments may become rare. Field data is still largely fragmented, but in vitro experiments reveal that almost 28 microbial diseases in European finfish farming could be facilitated by climate warming. Innovative mitigation tools, such as fish selective breeding, epigenetic programming, the development of new vaccines, and alternative treatments, may prove essential in coping with the effects of rising water temperatures on fish diseases in Europe.

Aquaculture faces numerous challenges, with stress being one of the major issues that lead to growth loss, metabolic disorders, weakened immunity, redox imbalance, and organ damage in aquatic animals. Nutritional intervention is one of the effective strategies to address these problems. Traditional research has primarily focused on the impacts of a single stressor on specific aspects of particular aquatic animal species. However, in practical scenarios, aquatic animals are often simultaneously exposed to multiple, overlapping stressors. Thus, it becomes crucial to investigate the specific role of nutrients in anti-stress and to consider their synergistic effects when used in combination. Nevertheless, some nutrients have overlapping functions or differences in the degree of treatment. Thus, it is necessary to synthesize the existing nutritional research on stress alleviation in order to provide more precise and economical nutritional strategies. This paper reviews the research progress in stress nutrition in aquatic animals, including the classification of stressors, stress response processes and their combined effects, as well as the development of nutritional strategies offering new perspectives for managing stress in aquaculture. It defines stress nutrition from the perspective of essential nutrients, conditional essential nutrients, and homeostasis regulation of gut microbiota, emphasizing the dynamic adjustment of nutritional requirements in response to various stressors. Additionally, it also provides an in-depth discussion of the research progress, challenges, and future prospects in this field. Continued exploration in this field will reduce stress-associated losses in aquaculture and promote the efficiency of food supply by this important agricultural sector.

Refining approaches to measuring, monitoring and appraising animal welfare in aquaculture research is key to (i) protecting and optimizing it, (ii) documenting the severity of how and when it deviates, and (iii) ensuring good scientific quality, reliable results and reproducibility, amongst other factors. However, different fish species and life stages can have varying welfare needs and assessing their welfare can be challenging. An array of welfare indicators (WIs) can be utilized when documenting fish welfare, and there is currently little consensus on which WIs are most applicable to the key fish species used in European aquaculture research. The aim of this review is to propose updated, fit for purpose and comprehensive WI toolboxes for aquaculture research involving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Where possible, these toolboxes will also include life-stage considerations. It also provides information on utilizing WIs in deciding humane end-points as well as information on how to sample different types of indicators. The review closes with information on how digitalization can affect the collection, collation and analysis of WI data in aquaculture research, including both practical and theoretical considerations. The toolboxes incorporate a range of WIs that go beyond those required for legally safeguarding fish welfare in both laboratory and operational experimental facilities in the current European 2010/63/EU Directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and its amendment, the Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2024/1262.

A major bottleneck to the projected expansion of the aquaculture industry is disease outbreaks caused by bacterial pathogens. Fish diseases caused by Flavobacterium pathogens are persistent in salmonid aquaculture, and treatment is limited to antimicrobials, which contaminate the aquatic environment and promote antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that naturally kill bacteria, and Flavobacterium-infecting phages have shown promise in preventing and controlling disease and biofilm formation in aquaculture. This review compiles current knowledge on Flavobacterium-phage interactions and applications. We outline the diversity and distribution of Flavobacterium hosts and phages, and discuss the connection between the type IX secretion system, the gliding motility machinery, phage susceptibility, and host virulence. While there is still much to learn about phage resistance mechanisms, the frequent observation that phage resistance is associated with loss of pathogen virulence points to phages as a promising avenue for future pathogen control. Phages infecting Flavobacterium hosts also show persistence to environmental and storage conditions, making them potentially suitable for the development of phage products. Finally, we assess the remaining challenges concerning regulation of phage products, manufacturing at scale, as well as unresolved research questions that need to be addressed to supply the aquaculture industry with alternative treatment and prevention methods in the future.

As the effects of climate change become more prominent and impacts intensify, the aquaculture sector must make decisions on adaptation strategies and implement actions that will reduce risks and increase resilience. However adaptation is complex, and there can be many consequences of action or inaction. One of the major risks is maladaptation, when an action that is introduced to minimize a negative effect makes the situation worse, increases vulnerability, or has other undesirable impacts. This study considers how climate change maladaptation can occur across six defined Aquaculture Maladaptation Outcomes: (1) Increased emissions of greenhouse gases, (2) Negative impact on farmed species, (3) Negative ecological or environmental impact at local, regional or international scale, (4) Negative social impact on individuals, communities, or the global population, (5) Negative economic impact on individuals, companies, or the global food market and (6) Reduced adaptive capacity of aquaculture systems. The study further explains that maladaptation could arise through different routes, often unintentionally and could occur at all stages in the production line and associated supply chain (e.g., feed production), such as the farm-level or industry-wide scale, threatening future food production and sustainability of the sector. The distinction between adaptation and maladaptation is not always clear, changing over time and influenced by different factors, so the adaptation-maladaptation continuum is also discussed, as is the need for trade-offs. Finally, seven recommendations are outlined to help advance adaptation to climate change in aquaculture.