Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

With the rapid development of the global aquaculture industry, smart aquaculture has become increasingly essential for maintaining a stable supply of aquatic products. Traditional machine learning models frequently exhibit limited semantic understanding and insufficient scalability in complex, high-dimensional environments. In contrast, multimodal large models integrate multi-source information, significantly enhancing semantic depth, environmental adaptability, and natural interaction. This review explores recent research progress and future application prospects in the transition from traditional machine learning models to multimodal large models in aquaculture. The literature search was conducted using the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Based on literature from the past decade, this review summarises the evolution from traditional machine learning models to multimodal large models, emphasizing their recent advantages in integrating multi-source data such as images, sensor readings, videos, audio, and text. By analyzing the current status and limitations of traditional machine learning in water quality monitoring, biomass estimation, behavior analysis, and health assessment, this review offers a comparative perspective on the potential of multimodal large models in critical aquaculture domains including sustainable water management, precision feeding, abnormal behavior detection, disease diagnosis and prevention, intelligent breeding, energy management, and embodied intelligent robotics. Multimodal large models still face several challenges, including data acquisition in aquaculture, enhancement of model performance, security and data governance in digital twin systems, and the advancement of industrial technologies. The review suggests that multimodal large models are poised to become key technological enablers in advancing aquaculture toward greater precision, sustainability, and automation.

Cryopreservation of fish sperm is a key technique for enhancing aquaculture productivity, maintaining genetic diversity, and ensuring reliable seed supply. This review highlights recent advances in cryoprotectants use, particularly, the synergistic roles of natural and synthetic cryoprotectants, including their interplay as permeating and nonpermeating agents, in optimizing sperm viability. Groupers (Epinephelus spp.), important in Southeast Asian aquaculture, present challenges due to their protogynous hermaphroditism and limited sperm availability. This review discusses how cryoprotectants combinations such as DMSO with trehalose or sucrose improve membrane integrity, post-thaw motility and fertilization outcomes. Natural cryoprotectants offer promising alternatives with reduced toxicity, though their mechanisms require further investigation. By comparing protocols across fish species, this review identifies knowledge gaps and proposes future directions for efficient cryopreservation in marine aquaculture.

Nutrition is crucial in aquaculture, with feed ingredients and manufacturing being one of the largest expenditures. The effectiveness of a feed in promoting animal growth and health is dependent on ingredients with appropriate nutritional profiles. Proteins are a costly component of aquaculture feeds; moreover, dietary crude protein requirements for crustaceans can be high, sometimes exceeding 50% of the diet. As proteins are composed of amino acids, understanding species-specific amino acid requirements is essential for developing cost-effective, customised commercial feeds. Several methods have been used to determine crustacean amino acid requirements, each with advantages and limitations. Given the varied feeding behaviours between crustacean species, some methods may only be appropriate for certain species. In this review, we propose the Requirements by Ration Level approach as the most suitable method for developing factorial models for feed formulation. This method considers amino acid intake, retention, and loss, whilst integrating digestibility, growth, and chemical composition. It is reliable, accurate, and addresses concerns of amino acid balance changes previously raised in the literature. By using a broken convex curve model instead of a broken line model, more realistic predictions are produced, reflecting dynamic conditions and transitions towards the plateau where the amino acid requirement is met. Additionally, technological advancements have allowed complementary studies in omics, nutritional physiology, and true protein. This review highlights various methods for determining amino acid requirements and demonstrates how the Requirement by Ration Level approach can produce consistent results across experiments, reducing experimental repetition and advancing our understanding of amino acid requirements.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small ncRNAs (e.g., miRNA, siRNA, piRNA), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), do not encode proteins but play crucial roles in gene regulation, growth, development, metabolism, and immune responses in metazoans. Pancrustacea is the largest clade of the phylum Arthropoda, including many important species such as shrimps, crabs, and insects. In recent years, an increasing number of ncRNAs have been identified and found to play diverse roles in a variety of biological and physiological processes of different species. Thus, this review summarizes the involvement of various ncRNAs in critical biological processes such as molting, metamorphosis, growth, reproduction, and immunity in pancrustaceans. It highlights how miRNAs regulate molting and metamorphosis through pathways involving ecdysteroids and sesquiterpenoid hormones, and discusses the regulatory functions of lncRNAs in muscle growth, wing development, and sexual differentiation. Moreover, the involvement of ncRNAs in immune responses against viral and bacterial infections is also reviewed, revealing their potential to improve pathogen resistance. These insights into ncRNA-mediated gene regulation in pancrustaceans provide a foundation for future research and applications in aquaculture and breeding improvement, disease prevention and control, and ecological conservation.