Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

‘Blue foods’ from aquaculture provide an invaluable source of nutrition but can be resource-intensive and relatively unsustainable to produce. Naked clam aquaculture, the farming of wood-boring bivalves of the family Teredinidae, offers a means to rapidly and sustainably convert wood into a low-environmental impact and nutrient-dense protein. Naked clam aquaculture is unique due to the ease with which culture can be performed with minimal infrastructure, making it an ideal candidate to alleviate protein scarcity even on small-scale family farms. Here we perform the first comprehensive global analysis of naked clam sizes and growth rates to identify optimal species for yield and suitable locations for aquaculture. We find that naked clam species grow at three times the rate of commercially farmed blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and reach much greater final sizes (including species that exceed 1.5 m in length), despite not being optimised for aquaculture. We also consolidate reports on the confirmed and suspected nutritional attributes of naked clams, including their high vitamin B₁₂ levels and other health claims, and identify direction for further quantitative analysis and application to the food sector. To support the development of naked clam aquaculture globally, we outline a strategic roadmap addressing key research and development priorities, including species selection, growth optimisation, and disease prevention. With their rapid growth, high yields, and potential for scalability, naked clams represent a transformative opportunity to expand aquaculture that is both profitable and sustainable, while addressing critical challenges in global food security and human health.

Aquaponics, a symbiotic farming of plants and fish, is a promising solution to address global food security. While aquaponics contributes to nutrient recovery, water reclamation, and reduced land and freshwater use, achieving consistent and economically viable production remains a substantial challenge. Several key issues in aquaponics include maintaining optimal water quality and dissolved oxygen concentration, delivering a balanced nutrient profile for plants, and managing solids accumulation. However, recent advances in new system designs, algal co-cultivation, micro-nanobubble technology, biofilter media, as well as system automation coupled with the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and robotics can improve the performance of these systems. Moreover, a greater understanding of the microbiome across various components of an aquaponic system is important in improving symbiotic relationships and supporting favorable ecological dynamics. This, in turn, promotes improved nutrient cycling, plant and fish growth, and overall system performance. This review highlights several such advances, critically analyzing the challenges faced during operation, and offers future research directions. Through discussion on current knowledge gaps in system operation, technological integration, and understanding of microbiomes, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing aquaponic systems and outline potential directions for future innovations.

Fish predation poses a significant challenge to bivalve aquaculture throughout the global range of production. However, the issue remains poorly understood, preventing the advance of effective interventions. Fish predation, especially on mussels in longline culture, can be severe and, in some instances, lead to crop losses of up to 100%, which has resulted in the closure of farming operations in several major European production regions. Although the predation of oysters, clams, and scallops by fish is generally less severe in bottom culture, they are more vulnerable to predation when cultivated in off-bottom culture systems. The fish species responsible for crop losses on shellfish farms typically vary both spatially and temporally, making it crucial to identify the species responsible and also the stages of bivalve aquaculture production most affected for developing practical and long-term solutions to the problem. Many approaches used for controlling fish behaviour in other situations (e.g., for limiting fish access into water intake pipes of industrial powerplants) appear to show promise for use in aquaculture environments. Potential mitigation strategies for fish predation fall into four broad categories: physical exclusion, deterrence, removal, and changes to husbandry practices. However, further research is required to determine their effectiveness in aquaculture situations, among different fish species, and their potential effects on non-target species. This review highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing fish predation in shellfish aquaculture by balancing economic interests with ecological considerations within aquaculture operations.

Seaweed aquaculture is rapidly growing globally and offers environmental benefits such as reducing eutrophication and increasing biodiversity. Sweden has a long coast with favorable conditions for seaweed cultivation, but the current industry remains small. Over the past decade, several innovative research projects have explored and developed techniques tailored toward sustainable seaweed aquaculture. This study synthesizes recent advances in Swedish seaweed aquaculture research, highlighting innovations that support biomass yield and quality. We conducted a systematic review of 130 studies from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, focusing on Swedish seaweed aquaculture research, and ultimately included 21 relevant publications from 1984 to 2025. The main seaweed species cultivated in Sweden are the brown seaweed Saccharina latissima and the green seaweed Ulva fenestrata. Key strategies to enhance biomass productivity, quality, and sustainability include optimizing land-based juvenile preparation, careful selection of cultivation sites, and strategic timing of sea-based harvests. Innovative approaches like the utilization of nutrient-rich process waters from food production offer sustainable methods to boost yield and protein content, aligning seaweed cultivation with circular economy principles. Future development and optimization of cultivation protocols for other protein-rich seaweed species (e.g., Palmaria palmata) or species that tolerate lower salinity (e.g., Fucus vesiculosus or U. intestinalis) will be critical to maximize the potential of Swedish seaweed cultivation, ensuring its effective contribution to food security and environmental conservation. As commercial interest in seaweed continues to grow, findings summarized here provide a robust foundation for the expansion of seaweed aquaculture in Europe and beyond.

Megalocytivirus, a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Iridoviridae family, has infected over 100 species of fish, leading to significant economic losses in the aquaculture, food, and ornamental fish industries. These viruses exhibit icosahedral symmetry and have diameters ranging from 120 to 200 nm. Two distinct viral species of genus Megalocytivirus have been identified: Megalocytivirus pagrus 1 and Megalocytivirus lates 1. Megalocytivirus pagrus 1 encompasses three distinct genotypes: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, red seabream iridovirus, and turbot reddish body iridovirus, whereas Megalocytivirus lates 1 comprises a single genotype, known as scale drop disease virus. Infection with Megalocytivirus pagrus 1 is a notifiable disease to the World Organisation for Animal Health. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in various aspects of megalocytivirus biology, including the understanding of its molecular genetics, transmission modes, host ranges, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic methodologies, and vaccines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of megalocytiviruses, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenicity, immune evasion, and prevention strategies for fish infected with megalocytiviruses. We hope that these findings will provide new insights in the development of effective prevention and control strategies for megalocytiviral diseases.