Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

Aquaculture is essential for meeting future demands for food, yet it faces significant losses from infectious bacterial diseases. Aquaculture has recently been critically imperiled by the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, as it relies significantly on the use of antibiotics for prevention and treatment. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a critical threat to aquaculture, which heavily relies on antibiotics for prevention and treatment. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has regained attention with the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Phages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria and archaea. As a promising therapeutic strategy for aquatic bacterial diseases, phage therapy offers strong specificity, low resistance potential, rapid metabolism, ease of development, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the advantages, opportunities, and challenges of phage therapy, summarizing the status of research and highlighting emerging technologies aimed at enhancing phage therapy in aquaculture. Finally, the review looks to the future, identifying scientific and technological advances necessary to establish phage therapy as a viable and universal alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.

The potential benefits of enhancing the capacity for carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish, particularly in species with pronounced carbohydrate intolerance, are significant from a number of perspectives. In recent decades, a multitude of research initiatives have focused on elucidating the factors that influence carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish, as well as the biological limitations that constrain this process. Despite the substantial progress achieved thus far, a dearth of clarity persists regarding the biological limitations associated with carbohydrate tolerance among various farmed species. Evidence suggests that, as with mammals, pancreatic islet tissues in teleosts act as the regulatory valve in glucose assimilation and metabolism. However, the precise regulatory intricacies remain to be fully elucidated and are the subject of ongoing research endeavors in fish species. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of extant research gaps in the domain of fish pancreatic islet endocrinology, with the aim of identifying the biological limitations that potentially impede carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, it incorporates recent advancements in research on the pancreatic islet biology associated with physiological functions in glucose homeostasis in the zebrafish model and mammalian animals to provide a more comprehensive overview of the future research directions in farmed fish. In addition, we present prospective avenues for inquiry in fish islet biology and concomitant challenges to achieve a more profound comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms that precipitate carbohydrate intolerance in farmed fish. This review is expected to benefit researchers specializing in the study of glucose metabolism in farmed fish species.

Throughout life, all organisms are subject to viral infections. Smaller sizes and mechanisms that rapidly evolve into new host environments enable viruses to act as major prolific pathogens. Due to the dynamic and complex nature of these interactions between multiple cell types, proteins, and microenvironmental factors, the use of in vivo models may be beneficial for understanding the overall immune landscape rather than being confined to a singular aspect of disease progression. A good example is the difficulty in applying the results observed in in vitro assays to whole animals, revealing a notable discrepancy between studies. In this review, we discuss the feasibility of conducting viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection experiments in zebrafish as a laboratory model and different practical approaches to study infection, gene expression patterns, and immune cell dynamics to emphasize the direction of future zebrafish research. Current VHSV outbreaks are primarily managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs; however, their precise mechanisms in fish remain poorly understood. In this review, we address this critical knowledge gap by outlining methods and techniques to study VHSV infection using zebrafish as a model. We discuss how these findings can be applied to other aquaculture species. Additionally, we propose future research directions, particularly at the immune cell level, to deepen our understanding of immune responses during vaccination and antiviral drug treatments to guide the development of more targeted approaches to mitigate pathogen infections.

The American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana), recognized for its aquaculture potential, presents a significant opportunity for sustainable and economically viable production. As the world's leading producer, China plays a pivotal role in the bullfrog industry yet lacks a comprehensive synthesis of its production advancements and challenges. This study addresses this gap by analyzing research and production data from 2020 to 2024, sourced from databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A review of 193 articles across nine thematic areas—including biology, nutrition, aquaculture systems, and disease management—underscores the growing use of bullfrogs as model organisms while addressing ecological impacts and disease concerns. In 2023, China's bullfrog industry achieved a production volume exceeding 1 million tons, valued at 100 billion CNY (15.26 billion USD). However, challenges such as inconsistent production standards and wastewater-induced environmental pollution remain unresolved. Through an evaluation of various farming models, this study identifies the concept of industrial parks utilizing greenhouses with recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) as a highly promising strategy for improving food safety and promoting environmental sustainability. The findings emphasize the need for targeted improvements in farming practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure sustainable growth. As a strategic initiative, we propose establishing industrial parks dedicated to bullfrog farming, aligning economic development with environmental goals, and positioning the industry for long-term global competitiveness.

Some potential natural plant polysaccharides (PNPP) exhibit a diverse array of beneficial biological activities and are increasingly utilized as feed additives in environmentally sustainable aquaculture. This review summarizes the extraction and purification methods, as well as the processes involved in obtaining natural plant polysaccharides. Subsequently, we provide an in-depth discussion on the relationship between the structural characteristics of PNPP and their associated biological activities. Following this, we highlight the advantageous effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, and other PNPP within aquaculture settings. We also briefly elucidate the pathways and mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects based on their biological properties. Finally, we outline the limitations currently faced in applying these PNPP to aquatic farming while proposing future directions for development in this field. This review aims to enhance understanding of potential natural plant polysaccharides and offers a theoretical foundation for forthcoming research and applications within aquaculture.

Seaweeds, like all primary producers, require macronutrients (C, N, P) for the synthesis of organic molecules through photosynthesis to support growth and accumulation of storage compounds, including cell wall polysaccharides, for example, agar, carrageenan, and alginates, that have numerous industrial applications. The commercial production of tropical eucheumatoids has been reliant on natural streams of inorganic nutrients. Recently, the prevalent use of inorganic fertilizer in seaweed farming in the southern Philippines was allegedly initiated to boost seaweed health and avert crop failure due to pests and diseases; however, it may also be economically driven to increase biomass production with a shorter crop period that is vital for the livelihood of the marginalized coastal inhabitants. Consequently, the harvest of fast-growing but immature crops whose tissues are replete with nutrients could compromise the carrageenan yield and rheology, and, more importantly, its organic status. Moreover, the indiscriminate use and disposal of inorganic fertilizer in algoculture pose the potential for ecological disaster.