White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the highly pathogenic double-stranded DNA virus affecting crustaceans particularly shrimp and crayfish, has been causing severe diseases that result in significant economic losses in aquaculture. Despite various treatment efforts, current methods remain inadequate in effectively controlling the onset and transmission of the disease, underscoring the urgent need for innovative and efficient control and therapeutic strategies. Successful WSSV infection, along with the production of essential viral components, depends on continuous viral evolution, which serves as a key strategy to manipulate the host cellular environment, including host-intrinsic factors and systems, as well as the antiviral immune responses. Research to date has primarily focused on WSSV structural characterization, initial cellular events following infection, functional analysis of viral components in regulating antiviral signaling pathways, and host cellular responses elicited by viral invasion. These studies shed light on critical pathogenic processes, including viral entry and intracellular transport events, trafficking of expressed viral structural proteins, and immune evasion mechanisms driven by virus-host interaction. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in the development of WSSV infection cell models and elucidation of innate immune evasion strategies driven by virus-host interplay. By consolidating current knowledge, it aims to enhance our understanding of WSSV pathogenesis and lay a solid foundation for development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
{"title":"White Spot Syndrome Virus: A Detailed Review of Early Infection Events, Structural Protein Trafficking, and Innate Immune Evasion","authors":"Ling-Ke Liu, Shan-Shan Jing, Hai-Peng Liu","doi":"10.1111/raq.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the highly pathogenic double-stranded DNA virus affecting crustaceans particularly shrimp and crayfish, has been causing severe diseases that result in significant economic losses in aquaculture. Despite various treatment efforts, current methods remain inadequate in effectively controlling the onset and transmission of the disease, underscoring the urgent need for innovative and efficient control and therapeutic strategies. Successful WSSV infection, along with the production of essential viral components, depends on continuous viral evolution, which serves as a key strategy to manipulate the host cellular environment, including host-intrinsic factors and systems, as well as the antiviral immune responses. Research to date has primarily focused on WSSV structural characterization, initial cellular events following infection, functional analysis of viral components in regulating antiviral signaling pathways, and host cellular responses elicited by viral invasion. These studies shed light on critical pathogenic processes, including viral entry and intracellular transport events, trafficking of expressed viral structural proteins, and immune evasion mechanisms driven by virus-host interaction. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in the development of WSSV infection cell models and elucidation of innate immune evasion strategies driven by virus-host interplay. By consolidating current knowledge, it aims to enhance our understanding of WSSV pathogenesis and lay a solid foundation for development of innovative therapeutic approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Individual identification of fish within the same species is one of the most crucial and frequently performed tasks in aquaculture research, and it is also widely used in aquaculture production. Fish sampling, treating, welfare, and disease state estimation are increasingly turning from group-based to individualized. Traditionally, fish individual identification has relied on marking methods such as PIT tagging, which are invasive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. It is also very constrained in large cultivation units such as cages. Consequently, there is a demand for developing non-invasive techniques that are rapid and cost-effective. Image-based individual identification has the potential for developing remote, faster, and more economical methods for in situ identification of individual fish. This article reviews the development of these image-based methods for fish individual identification over the past decades, presenting their fundamental concepts and principles. It analyses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and outlines future research directions. Recent studies indicate that the application of convolutional neural networks holds great promise in accelerating the development of new techniques for more effective fish identification. However, the accuracy, large amount of training data, and specific experimental conditions of these methods still need improvement to meet the demands of intensive aquaculture. Through close collaboration between fisheries experts and engineers, the precision and level of intelligence in fish individual identification techniques will be further enhanced based on the aforementioned methods.
{"title":"Image-Based Individual Fish Identification as a Substitute for Invasive Methods: State-of-the-Art and Research Gaps","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Ziaei, Jan Urban, Petr Cisar","doi":"10.1111/raq.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individual identification of fish within the same species is one of the most crucial and frequently performed tasks in aquaculture research, and it is also widely used in aquaculture production. Fish sampling, treating, welfare, and disease state estimation are increasingly turning from group-based to individualized. Traditionally, fish individual identification has relied on marking methods such as PIT tagging, which are invasive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. It is also very constrained in large cultivation units such as cages. Consequently, there is a demand for developing non-invasive techniques that are rapid and cost-effective. Image-based individual identification has the potential for developing remote, faster, and more economical methods for in situ identification of individual fish. This article reviews the development of these image-based methods for fish individual identification over the past decades, presenting their fundamental concepts and principles. It analyses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and outlines future research directions. Recent studies indicate that the application of convolutional neural networks holds great promise in accelerating the development of new techniques for more effective fish identification. However, the accuracy, large amount of training data, and specific experimental conditions of these methods still need improvement to meet the demands of intensive aquaculture. Through close collaboration between fisheries experts and engineers, the precision and level of intelligence in fish individual identification techniques will be further enhanced based on the aforementioned methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitochondria, known as the energy powerhouses of cells, also have a significant role in the innate immune response. Consequently, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for overall organismal health. Mitochondrial quality is tightly regulated through processes such as mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. However, compared to mammals, the regulatory roles of mitochondria and mitophagy in fish immunity have been less extensively studied. This article provides a comprehensive review of mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy mechanisms, with a particular focus on summarizing the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) pathway and its interactions with viruses in fish. Additionally, it explores the interplay between MAVS and innate immunity, the association between mitophagy and viral infections in fish, and how the regulation of mitophagy can promote fish health. By enhancing the understanding of the functions of mitochondria and mitophagy in fish immunity, this review offers valuable insights for disease prevention, control, and the sustainable development of fish populations.
{"title":"Research Progress on the Roles of Mitochondria and Mitophagy in Fish Innate Immunity","authors":"Yunli Zhang, Chen Li, Xianghui Kong","doi":"10.1111/raq.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70075","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria, known as the energy powerhouses of cells, also have a significant role in the innate immune response. Consequently, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for overall organismal health. Mitochondrial quality is tightly regulated through processes such as mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. However, compared to mammals, the regulatory roles of mitochondria and mitophagy in fish immunity have been less extensively studied. This article provides a comprehensive review of mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy mechanisms, with a particular focus on summarizing the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) pathway and its interactions with viruses in fish. Additionally, it explores the interplay between MAVS and innate immunity, the association between mitophagy and viral infections in fish, and how the regulation of mitophagy can promote fish health. By enhancing the understanding of the functions of mitochondria and mitophagy in fish immunity, this review offers valuable insights for disease prevention, control, and the sustainable development of fish populations.","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Gili, Daniele Canestrelli, Eva Salvati, Graziano Fiorito, Adriana Federica Cerizza, Paola Cirino, Fanny Mille, Luigi Musco, Giovanni De Martino, Antonino Pace, Luciano Bosso, Raffaele Panzuto
Conservation projects seek to protect species, restore habitats, and mitigate threats such as habitat loss, climate change, and unsustainable resource use. These projects often rely on acquiring ecological data from the wild to support biodiversity management and promote resilience through informed management decisions. Animal use is usually crucial for investigating ecosystem dynamics, species ecology, and management strategies amidst growing human pressures. Field research in natural habitats, along with captive breeding programs, remains fundamental in addressing complex global ecological challenges in this sense. Projects involving live animals provide critical insights into practical management; however, ethical considerations become central, particularly for protected species, necessitating research protocols that prioritize animal welfare while balancing scientific objectives. Nevertheless, animal research presents ethical, legal, and practical challenges, and traditional laboratory systems “might not fit all” species. This paper explores conservation research projects on marine fish from legislative and practical perspectives by looking at current norms, animal welfare aspects, and conservation outcomes. The two iconic Mediterranean species, Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus guttulatus, are analyzed as model examples to produce best practice indications and provide researchers with a practical path to outline scientific project design in marine conservation studies.
{"title":"Ethics, Laws, and Research: The Case of Mediterranean Seahorses (Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus guttulatus)","authors":"Claudia Gili, Daniele Canestrelli, Eva Salvati, Graziano Fiorito, Adriana Federica Cerizza, Paola Cirino, Fanny Mille, Luigi Musco, Giovanni De Martino, Antonino Pace, Luciano Bosso, Raffaele Panzuto","doi":"10.1111/raq.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation projects seek to protect species, restore habitats, and mitigate threats such as habitat loss, climate change, and unsustainable resource use. These projects often rely on acquiring ecological data from the wild to support biodiversity management and promote resilience through informed management decisions. Animal use is usually crucial for investigating ecosystem dynamics, species ecology, and management strategies amidst growing human pressures. Field research in natural habitats, along with captive breeding programs, remains fundamental in addressing complex global ecological challenges in this sense. Projects involving live animals provide critical insights into practical management; however, ethical considerations become central, particularly for protected species, necessitating research protocols that prioritize animal welfare while balancing scientific objectives. Nevertheless, animal research presents ethical, legal, and practical challenges, and traditional laboratory systems “might not fit all” species. This paper explores conservation research projects on marine fish from legislative and practical perspectives by looking at current norms, animal welfare aspects, and conservation outcomes. The two iconic Mediterranean species, <i>Hippocampus hippocampus</i> and <i>Hippocampus guttulatus,</i> are analyzed as model examples to produce best practice indications and provide researchers with a practical path to outline scientific project design in marine conservation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Zhang, KhaiHang Choong, Zexin Li, Yu Hao, Kit-Leong Cheong, Karsoon Tan
Oysters are a nutritious source of animal protein. While previous reviews have examined certain specific nutrients in bivalves, they often overlook nutrient interactions (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) and their broader implications for human health. Furthermore, as emerging research continues to explore bivalve nutrition, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive review consolidating the latest findings in this rapidly advancing field. In this context, this study evaluates the protein and lipid quality of oysters worldwide, as well as the nutraceutical potential of their polysaccharides. It also examines trends in oyster nutrition research and identifies key areas for future studies. The findings revealed that most oysters are rich in essential amino acids and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, with amino acid profiles closely matching human dietary requirements, and lipid quality indices (EPA + DHA, PUFA/SFA, n-3/n-6) exceeding recommended values. Additionally, polysaccharides derived from oysters exhibit various bioactive properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, antioxidant, and prebiotic effects, underscoring their potential as nutraceuticals. However, the nutritional composition of oysters varies considerably by species and geographic origin, necessitating careful selection for dietary and nutraceutical applications. The findings of this study not only synthesize existing data to identify promising oyster candidates for functional foods and nutraceuticals but also provide guidance for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers in optimizing oysters for health-focused diets and supplements, given their species- and origin-dependent nutritional variability.
{"title":"Nutrition and Nutraceutical Values of Commercially Important Oysters: A Systematic Review","authors":"Hong Zhang, KhaiHang Choong, Zexin Li, Yu Hao, Kit-Leong Cheong, Karsoon Tan","doi":"10.1111/raq.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oysters are a nutritious source of animal protein. While previous reviews have examined certain specific nutrients in bivalves, they often overlook nutrient interactions (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) and their broader implications for human health. Furthermore, as emerging research continues to explore bivalve nutrition, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive review consolidating the latest findings in this rapidly advancing field. In this context, this study evaluates the protein and lipid quality of oysters worldwide, as well as the nutraceutical potential of their polysaccharides. It also examines trends in oyster nutrition research and identifies key areas for future studies. The findings revealed that most oysters are rich in essential amino acids and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, with amino acid profiles closely matching human dietary requirements, and lipid quality indices (EPA + DHA, PUFA/SFA, n-3/n-6) exceeding recommended values. Additionally, polysaccharides derived from oysters exhibit various bioactive properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, antioxidant, and prebiotic effects, underscoring their potential as nutraceuticals. However, the nutritional composition of oysters varies considerably by species and geographic origin, necessitating careful selection for dietary and nutraceutical applications. The findings of this study not only synthesize existing data to identify promising oyster candidates for functional foods and nutraceuticals but also provide guidance for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers in optimizing oysters for health-focused diets and supplements, given their species- and origin-dependent nutritional variability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danilo Pedro Streit Jr., Rômulo Batista Rodrigues, Jhony Lisboa Benato, Gregory Brayan Valdívia-Gutiérrez, Eduardo Thomé Nicoleti, Leonardo Queiroz de Alencar, Thales Lysakowski Flores Machado, Larise Caroline Oliveira Lima, Marco Aurélio Rotta, Thales de Souza França
This systematic review shows an overview of the history of protocols used for genus Brycon sperm cryopreservation. Relevant studies were identified from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Scielo databases. Thirty-four studies published between 2001 and 2021 were included in the systematic review following the eligibility criteria. Selected studies showed cryopreservation protocols of nine species of the genus Brycon, with Brycon orbignyanus being the most studied species. The studies were conducted by Brazilian (76.5%) and Colombian (23.5%) researchers, with the majority (68.6%) carried out in hydroelectric plants promoting fish restocking programs. Two main protocols were extensively investigated across nine studied species: 10% methyl glycol +5% Beltsville Thawing Solution and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide +5% glucose. However, the protocols lacked standardization regarding equilibrium time and temperature, freezing and thawing curves, or sperm-to-cryoprotectant solution ratios. Limited collaboration among research groups from the two South American countries was identified as a significant factor in this lack of standardization. In addition, emerging approaches for sperm cryopreservation are necessary, such as developing less toxic alternative cryoprotectants. Implementing advanced cryopreservation methodologies and using artificial intelligence and machine learning can optimize protocols by modeling key parameters and enhancing post-thaw sperm quality. These findings underscore the need for collaboration between research groups to develop standardized cryopreservation protocols and establish functionally accessible germplasm banks. Such measures are essential for the ex-situ conservation and long-term sustainability of aquaculture involving species of the genus Brycon.
这篇系统的综述显示了Brycon属精子冷冻保存方案的历史概况。相关研究从Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed和Scielo数据库中确定。根据入选标准，在2001年至2021年间发表的34项研究被纳入系统评价。选定的研究显示了Brycon属的9个物种的冷冻保存方案，Brycon orbignyanus是研究最多的物种。这些研究是由巴西（76.5%）和哥伦比亚（23.5%）的研究人员进行的，其中大多数（68.6%）是在促进鱼类补充计划的水力发电厂进行的。在9种被研究物种中广泛研究了两种主要方案：10%甲基乙二醇+5%贝尔茨维尔解冻液和10%二甲基亚砜+5%葡萄糖。然而，这些方案在平衡时间和温度、冷冻和解冻曲线或精子与冷冻保护剂溶液比例方面缺乏标准化。来自这两个南美国家的研究小组之间有限的合作被确定为缺乏标准化的一个重要因素。此外，精子冷冻保存的新方法是必要的，例如开发毒性较小的替代冷冻保护剂。采用先进的冷冻保存方法和使用人工智能和机器学习可以通过建模关键参数和提高解冻后精子质量来优化协议。这些发现强调了研究小组之间合作开发标准化冷冻保存方案和建立功能可及的种质资源库的必要性。这些措施对于涉及Brycon属物种的水产养殖的迁地保护和长期可持续性至关重要。
{"title":"A Systematic Review of Brycon Genus Sperm Cryopreservation Protocols: Challenges on Ex-Situ Conservation for Sustainable Aquaculture","authors":"Danilo Pedro Streit Jr., Rômulo Batista Rodrigues, Jhony Lisboa Benato, Gregory Brayan Valdívia-Gutiérrez, Eduardo Thomé Nicoleti, Leonardo Queiroz de Alencar, Thales Lysakowski Flores Machado, Larise Caroline Oliveira Lima, Marco Aurélio Rotta, Thales de Souza França","doi":"10.1111/raq.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review shows an overview of the history of protocols used for genus <i>Brycon</i> sperm cryopreservation. Relevant studies were identified from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Scielo databases. Thirty-four studies published between 2001 and 2021 were included in the systematic review following the eligibility criteria. Selected studies showed cryopreservation protocols of nine species of the genus <i>Brycon</i>, with <i>Brycon orbignyanus</i> being the most studied species. The studies were conducted by Brazilian (76.5%) and Colombian (23.5%) researchers, with the majority (68.6%) carried out in hydroelectric plants promoting fish restocking programs. Two main protocols were extensively investigated across nine studied species: 10% methyl glycol +5% Beltsville Thawing Solution and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide +5% glucose. However, the protocols lacked standardization regarding equilibrium time and temperature, freezing and thawing curves, or sperm-to-cryoprotectant solution ratios. Limited collaboration among research groups from the two South American countries was identified as a significant factor in this lack of standardization. In addition, emerging approaches for sperm cryopreservation are necessary, such as developing less toxic alternative cryoprotectants. Implementing advanced cryopreservation methodologies and using artificial intelligence and machine learning can optimize protocols by modeling key parameters and enhancing post-thaw sperm quality. These findings underscore the need for collaboration between research groups to develop standardized cryopreservation protocols and establish functionally accessible germplasm banks. Such measures are essential for the ex-situ conservation and long-term sustainability of aquaculture involving species of the genus <i>Brycon</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gesche Krause, Ramón Filgueira, Nesar Ahmed, Karen A. Alexander, Furqan Asif, Lucia Fanning, Sebastian C. A. Ferse, Nike Fuchs, Jon Grant, Jordi Guillen, Christina Hörterer, Teresa R. Johnson, Matthias Kaiser, Hauke L. Kite-Powell, Cornelia M. Kreiss, Doug Lipton, Sandra L. Marin, Eirik Mikkelssen, Laura Nahuelhual, Selina M. Stead, Sander W. K. van den Burg, Sebastián Villasante
Marine aquaculture, like the broader seafood industry, relies heavily on international trade and global supply chains for both production and sales. Recent global disruptions, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the conflicts in the Middle East, and trade tensions, have exposed the social and economic vulnerabilities inherent in a globalized production system. In response, these events have sparked growing interest in transitioning to localized and regional supply chain models. Calls to “buy national” and support domestic economies highlight this trend toward regionalization. This study explores the sustainability implications of regionalizing marine aquaculture by examining the four key segments of the supply chain. These are (1) upstream inputs and resources (2) aquaculture production (3) downstream added value-processing and (4) distribution–transportation. Potential benefits of regional production models include increased resilience to disruptions, lower transportation-related carbon emissions, and support for local economies. However, such models may also introduce trade-offs, including reduced production efficiency, supply and sales limitations, and implications for social, cultural, and governance structures. Our analysis reveals that the sustainability outcomes of regionalization are complex and context-dependent. It is influenced by the specific characteristics of existing supply chains and the regional contexts in which they operate. While regionalization may offer advantages in certain contexts, it does not guarantee improved sustainability. Thus, it is crucial to critically assess the assumption that regionalization inherently leads to improved sustainability outcomes. Proactive evaluation of these dynamics is essential to develop strategies that maximize benefits while addressing potential trade-offs.
{"title":"The Local Turn in a Global Sea: Identifying Sustainability Trade-Offs in Regionalized Marine Aquaculture Systems","authors":"Gesche Krause, Ramón Filgueira, Nesar Ahmed, Karen A. Alexander, Furqan Asif, Lucia Fanning, Sebastian C. A. Ferse, Nike Fuchs, Jon Grant, Jordi Guillen, Christina Hörterer, Teresa R. Johnson, Matthias Kaiser, Hauke L. Kite-Powell, Cornelia M. Kreiss, Doug Lipton, Sandra L. Marin, Eirik Mikkelssen, Laura Nahuelhual, Selina M. Stead, Sander W. K. van den Burg, Sebastián Villasante","doi":"10.1111/raq.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine aquaculture, like the broader seafood industry, relies heavily on international trade and global supply chains for both production and sales. Recent global disruptions, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the conflicts in the Middle East, and trade tensions, have exposed the social and economic vulnerabilities inherent in a globalized production system. In response, these events have sparked growing interest in transitioning to localized and regional supply chain models. Calls to “buy national” and support domestic economies highlight this trend toward regionalization. This study explores the sustainability implications of regionalizing marine aquaculture by examining the four key segments of the supply chain. These are (1) upstream inputs and resources (2) aquaculture production (3) downstream added value-processing and (4) distribution–transportation. Potential benefits of regional production models include increased resilience to disruptions, lower transportation-related carbon emissions, and support for local economies. However, such models may also introduce trade-offs, including reduced production efficiency, supply and sales limitations, and implications for social, cultural, and governance structures. Our analysis reveals that the sustainability outcomes of regionalization are complex and context-dependent. It is influenced by the specific characteristics of existing supply chains and the regional contexts in which they operate. While regionalization may offer advantages in certain contexts, it does not guarantee improved sustainability. Thus, it is crucial to critically assess the assumption that regionalization inherently leads to improved sustainability outcomes. Proactive evaluation of these dynamics is essential to develop strategies that maximize benefits while addressing potential trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functioning as a master coordinator, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates nutrient availability and energy status to fundamental biological processes including growth, metabolism, and physiological homeostasis through evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. The capacity of mTOR to assimilate nutritional and metabolic signals places it as a central focus in aquaculture nutrition research. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms mediated by the mTOR in various physiological processes of aquatic animal species, with particular emphasis on the mTOR networks regulated by diverse dietary nutrients. It provides a comprehensive summary of the regulation of various feed ingredients in growth performance, metabolic homeostasis, immune responses, product quality optimization, and health maintenance via mTOR. Moreover, this review analyzes interspecies variations and dietary adaptations across aquatic animals and outlines future research prospects focusing on the mTOR networks. It aims to establish a scientific framework for advancing precision nutrition research by integrating molecular regulatory insights with dietary nutrients, ultimately facilitating efficient and sustainable aquaculture.
{"title":"mTOR Signaling in Aquaculture Animals: A Central Nutrient-Sensing Hub Orchestrating Growth, Metabolism, Health and Quality","authors":"Yue Liu, Kangsen Mai, Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1111/raq.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functioning as a master coordinator, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates nutrient availability and energy status to fundamental biological processes including growth, metabolism, and physiological homeostasis through evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. The capacity of mTOR to assimilate nutritional and metabolic signals places it as a central focus in aquaculture nutrition research. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms mediated by the mTOR in various physiological processes of aquatic animal species, with particular emphasis on the mTOR networks regulated by diverse dietary nutrients. It provides a comprehensive summary of the regulation of various feed ingredients in growth performance, metabolic homeostasis, immune responses, product quality optimization, and health maintenance via mTOR. Moreover, this review analyzes interspecies variations and dietary adaptations across aquatic animals and outlines future research prospects focusing on the mTOR networks. It aims to establish a scientific framework for advancing precision nutrition research by integrating molecular regulatory insights with dietary nutrients, ultimately facilitating efficient and sustainable aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As global food demand rises, land-based production faces challenges such as limited arable land and sustainability concerns, whereas seafood offers a nutritionally diverse and environmentally sustainable alternative for future food security. Intensified farming has increased Vibrio spp. infections due to their genetic diversity and adaptability to environmental changes. The misuse or overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture exacerbates this issue, contributing to antibiotic resistance, environmental contamination, and residue accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. Given these challenges, exploring alternatives such as essential oil compounds with antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm properties presents a promising approach to enhancing disease management in aquaculture while minimizing environmental impact. Although several studies have investigated the antipathogenic potential of essential oil compounds against Vibrio spp., a comprehensive review specifically addressing their antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing, and antibiofilm activities in aquaculture is lacking. This review aims to fill that gap by providing an in-depth analysis of essential oil compounds, focusing on their mechanisms of action, protective efficacy in aquatic animals, and potential to combat Vibrio-related infections. It also examines how nanoencapsulation systems enhance the stability and functional efficacy of essential oil compounds in seafood applications and reviews recent patents targeting their use against Vibrio spp. Additionally, this review identifies current research gaps. It proposes future directions for the sustainable use of essential oil compounds in aquaculture, emphasizing their potential as natural, eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics and synthetic chemicals. Ultimately, it seeks to guide researchers in developing environmentally sustainable strategies for managing infectious diseases and improving the health of aquatic animals.
{"title":"Essential Oil Compounds as Antibiotic Alternatives: A Comprehensive Review of Antibacterial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antibiofilm Effects Against Vibrio spp. in Aquaculture","authors":"Ramanathan Srinivasan, Xingkun Jin, Xiangmin Lin, Zhe Zhao","doi":"10.1111/raq.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As global food demand rises, land-based production faces challenges such as limited arable land and sustainability concerns, whereas seafood offers a nutritionally diverse and environmentally sustainable alternative for future food security. Intensified farming has increased <i>Vibrio</i> spp. infections due to their genetic diversity and adaptability to environmental changes. The misuse or overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture exacerbates this issue, contributing to antibiotic resistance, environmental contamination, and residue accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. Given these challenges, exploring alternatives such as essential oil compounds with antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm properties presents a promising approach to enhancing disease management in aquaculture while minimizing environmental impact. Although several studies have investigated the antipathogenic potential of essential oil compounds against <i>Vibrio</i> spp., a comprehensive review specifically addressing their antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing, and antibiofilm activities in aquaculture is lacking. This review aims to fill that gap by providing an in-depth analysis of essential oil compounds, focusing on their mechanisms of action, protective efficacy in aquatic animals, and potential to combat <i>Vibrio-</i>related infections. It also examines how nanoencapsulation systems enhance the stability and functional efficacy of essential oil compounds in seafood applications and reviews recent patents targeting their use against <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Additionally, this review identifies current research gaps. It proposes future directions for the sustainable use of essential oil compounds in aquaculture, emphasizing their potential as natural, eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics and synthetic chemicals. Ultimately, it seeks to guide researchers in developing environmentally sustainable strategies for managing infectious diseases and improving the health of aquatic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salmonidae farming is a cornerstone of global aquaculture, but growing concerns about its environmental impacts highlight the urgent need for improved understanding and mitigation strategies. To address this, a systematic review of 31 life cycle assessment studies was conducted, with 15 providing sufficient data for in-depth meta-analysis. The global warming potential (GWP) results indicate that Salmonidae farming generates a median of 2570 kg CO2-eq per tonne of live weight, with an interquartile range of 2032–3802 kg, of which approximately 65% is attributed to feed production. Eutrophication potential (EP) was measured at 42.6 g PO43−-eq/t (range: 23–66), with 24% linked to feed, while acidification potential (AP) was 15.85 g SO2-eq/t (range: 10–28), with 68% from feed. Energy demand (ED) was found to be 54,365 MJ/t (range: 32,576–113,000), with 48.6% attributed to feed inputs. The feed conversion ratio significantly influenced GWP, EP, and AP outcomes. Meta-analysis revealed that flow-through systems have a lower GWP (effect size = −0.24) compared to recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), which showed a notably higher GWP (4.31). While RAS systems significantly reduce EP (−5.11), net-pen systems contribute moderately to EP (0.38). However, differences in GWP and EP between production systems were not statistically significant. Notably, most reviewed LCA studies lacked detailed feed composition data and did not fully quantify nitrogen emissions, limiting the accurate assessment of marine eutrophication impacts. Future research should prioritize improving LCA data quality, optimizing feed efficiency, and developing sustainable farming practices to further reduce its environmental footprint.
沙门氏菌养殖是全球水产养殖的基石，但对其环境影响的日益关注凸显了迫切需要提高认识和缓解战略。为了解决这个问题，我们对31项生命周期评估研究进行了系统回顾，其中15项研究提供了足够的数据进行深入的荟萃分析。全球变暖潜势（GWP）结果表明，鲑科养殖业每吨活重产生的co2当量中位数为2570千克，四分位数范围为2032-3802千克，其中约65%归因于饲料生产。富营养化电位（EP）为42.6 g PO43−当量/t（范围：23-66），其中24%与饲料有关；酸化电位（AP）为15.85 g so2−当量/t（范围：10-28），其中68%来自饲料。能源需求（ED）为54,365 MJ/t（范围：32,576-113,000），其中48.6%归因于饲料投入。饲料转化率显著影响GWP、EP和AP的结果。meta分析显示，与循环水养殖系统（RAS）相比，通流养殖系统的GWP值较低（效应值= - 0.24），而循环水养殖系统的GWP值明显较高（4.31）。RAS系统显著降低EP (- 5.11)， net-pen系统对EP的贡献中等（0.38）。然而，不同生产系统间的GWP和EP差异无统计学意义。值得注意的是，大多数已审查的LCA研究缺乏详细的饲料组成数据，没有充分量化氮排放，限制了对海洋富营养化影响的准确评估。未来的研究应优先考虑提高LCA数据质量、优化饲料效率和发展可持续的耕作方式，以进一步减少其环境足迹。
{"title":"Environmental Impacts of Salmonidae Farming: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment Studies","authors":"Mausam Budhathoki, Sudikshya Phuyal, Sujita Pandey, Marianne Thomsen","doi":"10.1111/raq.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salmonidae farming is a cornerstone of global aquaculture, but growing concerns about its environmental impacts highlight the urgent need for improved understanding and mitigation strategies. To address this, a systematic review of 31 life cycle assessment studies was conducted, with 15 providing sufficient data for in-depth meta-analysis. The global warming potential (GWP) results indicate that Salmonidae farming generates a median of 2570 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq per tonne of live weight, with an interquartile range of 2032–3802 kg, of which approximately 65% is attributed to feed production. Eutrophication potential (EP) was measured at 42.6 g PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-eq/t (range: 23–66), with 24% linked to feed, while acidification potential (AP) was 15.85 g SO<sub>2</sub>-eq/t (range: 10–28), with 68% from feed. Energy demand (ED) was found to be 54,365 MJ/t (range: 32,576–113,000), with 48.6% attributed to feed inputs. The feed conversion ratio significantly influenced GWP, EP, and AP outcomes. Meta-analysis revealed that flow-through systems have a lower GWP (effect size = −0.24) compared to recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), which showed a notably higher GWP (4.31). While RAS systems significantly reduce EP (−5.11), net-pen systems contribute moderately to EP (0.38). However, differences in GWP and EP between production systems were not statistically significant. Notably, most reviewed LCA studies lacked detailed feed composition data and did not fully quantify nitrogen emissions, limiting the accurate assessment of marine eutrophication impacts. Future research should prioritize improving LCA data quality, optimizing feed efficiency, and developing sustainable farming practices to further reduce its environmental footprint.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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