Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

This study reviews seaweed research activities and production in Kenya, serving as a case study to demonstrate the untapped potential and applicability in East Africa, especially in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Given the lack of consolidated scientific information and the fragmented nature of current seaweed farming efforts in Kenya, this review was undertaken to assess past and current research, identify production gaps, and offer direction for future development of a sustainable and competitive seaweed aquaculture industry in the region. In an extensive literature review, we identified 69 relevant manuscripts, primarily focusing on seaweed floristics and taxonomy, ecology, aquaculture and bioprospecting in the broadest meaning. Results reveal seaweed production was found to be minuscule compared to major global producers, despite a shifting research focus toward aquaculture in the last two decades. Seaweed farming faces environmental challenges such as unfavorable weather conditions and pathogen outbreaks, strongly impacting growth rates and production levels. The species currently commercially cultivated are used primarily for hydrocolloid extraction (carrageenans), explaining the limited interest in biochemical characterization of seaweed diversity, as most ‘bioprospecting’ studies focus on carrageenan and/or agar yields. With increasing investments into seaweed farming, concerns are rising regarding implications for the marine environment due to observed changes in sediment accumulation, changes in water quality, deforestation rates and shifts in marine biota. In conclusion, this study underscores seaweed's potential in Kenya, but also emphasizes the need for continued research and sustainable development practices to fully exploit this untapped resource.

The rapid expansion of intensive aquaculture systems has caused escalating environmental challenges due to excessive nitrogenous waste accumulation, which surpasses the metabolic capacity of aquatic microbiota and elevates nitrite concentrations. As a pervasive environmental toxin, nitrite induces oxidative stress, disrupts metabolic homeostasis, and compromises gut microbiota and immune function in shrimp, leading to mass mortality, economic losses, and ecological disruption. These impacts threaten both aquaculture productivity and ecological sustainability. This review synthesizes three decades of research to elucidate the multifactorial mechanisms of nitrite toxicity, including genotoxicity, apoptosis, growth impairment, and dysregulated cellular signaling pathways. Key findings highlight that nitrite overload impairs mitochondrial function, dysregulates apoptosis pathways, and interferes with growth and reproductive processes, thereby undermining shrimp development and reproduction. To address these challenges, the review evaluates emerging mitigation strategies such as antioxidant-enriched feeds, probiotic modulation, and biofloc technology, which optimize nitrogen cycling, enhance detoxification capacity, restore microbial equilibrium, and improve survival rates in experimental trials. Unlike prior fragmented studies, this review integrates mechanistic insights into nitrite toxicity with scalable interventions, proposing a novel decision framework for system-specific nitrite management. This framework offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to balance aquaculture productivity with ecological sustainability. By advancing the understanding of nitrite's ecotoxicological impacts, this review charts a path toward resilient and sustainable aquaculture systems, transforming mechanistic insights into preventive protocols and offering a holistic perspective on nitrite pollution control that reconciles economic objectives with ecological sustainability.

Ciliate protozoa are highly contagious pathogens causing significant economic losses in global finfish aquaculture. While conventional chemotherapeutics like formalin offer control, their overuse raises environmental and safety concerns, creating an urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This review systematically synthesizes research from the past two decades, evaluating the antiparasitic efficacy of 29 medicinal plants against major ciliate pathogens such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans. The analysis reveals that numerous plants, particularly Sophora flavescens, Cynanchum atratum, and Curcuma longa, exhibit exceptional efficacy. Their bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, effectively eliminate parasites by disrupting cell membranes and metabolic pathways, often with substantial safety margins compared to chemical drugs. Despite this potential, significant barriers hinder their practical application. These include a scarcity of large-scale field trials, a lack of standardized formulations leading to inconsistent results, and complex, divergent regulatory hurdles that impede commercialization. This review concludes that while medicinal plants are a highly promising tool for sustainable aquaculture, realizing their full potential requires a concerted effort to bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical, regulated application through field validation and standardized product development.

Bioenergetics, or scope for growth (SFG), is a model used to assess the health and adaptability of mollusks to external factors. It achieves this by converting physiological responses, such as clearance rate (CR), respiration rate (RR), excretion rate (ER), absorption efficiency (AE), and oxygen–nitrogen ratio (O:N ratio), into energy equivalents. This biomarker reflects the energy available for growth and reproduction, indicating an organism's potential to adapt to environmental change and revealing the energetics behind growth. It has been a significant focus in marine ecology, biology, and aquaculture of mollusks. To understand the effects of various factors on the bioenergetics of bivalves, the effects of temperature, ocean acidification (OA), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), trace elements (e.g., copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd)), micro/nanoparticles (MPs/NPs), harmful algae, and other factors on the physiology and energy budget of bivalves were summarized and analyszed in this paper. We found that some influencing factors (e.g., OA, trace elements, and harmful algae) serve as selective pressures that make bivalves adapt to environmental changes, and the impacts of various stressors on the SFG in bivalves are diverse. However, under hypoxia and salinity changes, exceeding bivalve tolerance can lead to metabolic disorders and reduced SFG, impacting populations and aquaculture. At the same times, we analyzed WOS literature from 1980 to 2023 using VOS-viewer software to assess how climate change and pollutants affect bivalve energy assimilation and consumption, offering insights for bivalve biology and aquaculture research.

Aquaculture has undergone unprecedented growth in recent decades, driven by the increasing global demand for seafood. However, this expansion brings environmental challenges and underscores the need for species diversification and sustainable farming practices. Among the rising stars of aquaculture, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) stands out as a prime candidate due to its remarkable adaptability, high market value, and strong biological traits. This review provides an in-depth exploration of eight key aspects of Asian seabass aquaculture: (1) species biology and distribution, (2) the current status of its global aquaculture, (3) nutritional value and health benefits, (4) genetic improvement through selective breeding, molecular techniques, and genome editing, (5) environmental sustainability and ecological impact, (6) disease management and health challenges, (7) market trends and economic viability, and (8) future prospects and research directions. Advances in genetics and breeding technologies have significantly enhanced key traits such as rapid growth, disease resistance, and omega-3 content, further cementing its role as a species of high commercial importance. To fully unlock its potential, ongoing research in disease prevention, climate resilience, optimized nutrition, and advanced breeding strategies is crucial. Coupled with strategic investments in farming technologies, branding, and market expansion, Asian seabass is well-positioned to become a versatile species of both marine and freshwater aquaculture.