Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11607
A. Balkrishna, Vidhi Dobhal, Sonam Verma, Deepika Srivastava, Shalini Singh, V. Arya
Medicinal plants are an excellent source of new therapeutic drugs because of their phytochemical constituents. Arctium lappa L. (common name-burdock) is a perennial medicinal herb commonly found in China, Japan, Korea traditionally used as promising health supplement. promising health supplement. Major active constituent of A. lappa L. seeds are arctigenin which exhibits pharmacological potential such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this study is to provide an up-to-date evaluation of the literature on the pharmacological activities of Arctigenin from Articum lappa L. Literature is collected from Google scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, PubMed, Google, and SciFinder databases published between 2012 and 2021 (Jan). Keywords used to retrieve the data are pharmacological profile, arctigenin, and Arctium lappa L. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, and CNS depressant properties of arctigenin demonstrated its pharmacological significance among traditional science According to different research, arctigenin is effective in the treatment of a variety of chronic disorders, including cancer (stomach, lungs, liver, and colon) and inflammatory diseases (rashes, and other skin conditions.). Future experiments based on the mechanism pathway responsible for the protective role of arctigenin's will help the scientist to uncover its health benefits.
{"title":"Arctigenin: A Potential Component with Multifaceted Therapeutic Properties","authors":"A. Balkrishna, Vidhi Dobhal, Sonam Verma, Deepika Srivastava, Shalini Singh, V. Arya","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11607","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are an excellent source of new therapeutic drugs because of their phytochemical constituents. Arctium lappa L. (common name-burdock) is a perennial medicinal herb commonly found in China, Japan, Korea traditionally used as promising health supplement. promising health supplement. Major active constituent of A. lappa L. seeds are arctigenin which exhibits pharmacological potential such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this study is to provide an up-to-date evaluation of the literature on the pharmacological activities of Arctigenin from Articum lappa L. Literature is collected from Google scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, PubMed, Google, and SciFinder databases published between 2012 and 2021 (Jan). Keywords used to retrieve the data are pharmacological profile, arctigenin, and Arctium lappa L. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, and CNS depressant properties of arctigenin demonstrated its pharmacological significance among traditional science According to different research, arctigenin is effective in the treatment of a variety of chronic disorders, including cancer (stomach, lungs, liver, and colon) and inflammatory diseases (rashes, and other skin conditions.). Future experiments based on the mechanism pathway responsible for the protective role of arctigenin's will help the scientist to uncover its health benefits.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80515946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11609
Devender Sharma, N. Gupta
Cancer is a broad word for a group of neoplastic illnesses defined by changes in a cell's structure that cause it to proliferate abnormally. There are about 200 cancers detected in human body. Each type of carcinoma has different indications and symptoms, as well as different treatments. Lupeol 280 mg/g dried leafs is a chemical component found in aloe leaves. Lupeol is a triterpene active in both food and medicine. Over the last decade, an unprecedented massive increase in involvement in triterpene as a result of their cholesterol-lowering properties. The products based on triterpene are commercially over sold in the world due to its heavy demand of use. Fagarsterol another name for the chemical lupeol. It's found in foods like Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsicum annuum Group, Fragaria, Olea europaea, Mangifera indica, Vitis vinifera, Aloe barbandesismiller, Semaltreeetc. Lupeol was already demonstrated to be an efficient curative and protective constituent for a wide range of disorders. It is an anti-carcinogenic and curative compound. Many developments have been so far with respective lupeol dosage formulation to increase bioavailability and pharmacological effect. This manuscript also provides deep inside of recent patents associated with lupeol in past decade.
{"title":"Lupeol: An Alternative Approach towards Cancer Treatment","authors":"Devender Sharma, N. Gupta","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11609","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a broad word for a group of neoplastic illnesses defined by changes in a cell's structure that cause it to proliferate abnormally. There are about 200 cancers detected in human body. Each type of carcinoma has different indications and symptoms, as well as different treatments. Lupeol 280 mg/g dried leafs is a chemical component found in aloe leaves. Lupeol is a triterpene active in both food and medicine. Over the last decade, an unprecedented massive increase in involvement in triterpene as a result of their cholesterol-lowering properties. The products based on triterpene are commercially over sold in the world due to its heavy demand of use. Fagarsterol another name for the chemical lupeol. It's found in foods like Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsicum annuum Group, Fragaria, Olea europaea, Mangifera indica, Vitis vinifera, Aloe barbandesismiller, Semaltreeetc. Lupeol was already demonstrated to be an efficient curative and protective constituent for a wide range of disorders. It is an anti-carcinogenic and curative compound. Many developments have been so far with respective lupeol dosage formulation to increase bioavailability and pharmacological effect. This manuscript also provides deep inside of recent patents associated with lupeol in past decade.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91552673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11605
V. Rana, N. Sethiya, S. Chaudhary, M. Singhal, Bhavna Kumar, Samir Bhargava, Tejaus Mallikarjun Kolhar
Allium wallichii (A. wallichii) Kunth, is an underutilized rare medicinal plant species with several beneficial ethnomedicinal health promotion activity Moreover, being so popular in both ethanobotanicals and traditional herbal system, still the plant is very less studied for phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis. Therefore, phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis of A. wallichii leaves are set as the main objective of the current work. In this context powder of A. wallichii leaves was subjected for the nutritional analysis and the extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography analysis for fingerprinting of various compounds. In this context, we have found presence of several health promoting nutraceutical bioactives and phytochemicals compounds. In conclusion the traditional utilization of plant in ethnomedicine for nutraceutical and medicinal purpose was attributed due to presence of nutraceutical bioactives and phytochemicals compounds.
{"title":"TLC and Nutritional Composition Analysis of Allium wallichii Kunth (Himalayan Onion)","authors":"V. Rana, N. Sethiya, S. Chaudhary, M. Singhal, Bhavna Kumar, Samir Bhargava, Tejaus Mallikarjun Kolhar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11605","url":null,"abstract":"Allium wallichii (A. wallichii) Kunth, is an underutilized rare medicinal plant species with several beneficial ethnomedicinal health promotion activity Moreover, being so popular in both ethanobotanicals and traditional herbal system, still the plant is very less studied for phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis. Therefore, phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis of A. wallichii leaves are set as the main objective of the current work. In this context powder of A. wallichii leaves was subjected for the nutritional analysis and the extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography analysis for fingerprinting of various compounds. In this context, we have found presence of several health promoting nutraceutical bioactives and phytochemicals compounds. In conclusion the traditional utilization of plant in ethnomedicine for nutraceutical and medicinal purpose was attributed due to presence of nutraceutical bioactives and phytochemicals compounds.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87745990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11503
Elizabete Lourenco da Costa, J. Antonio, Odilon Antonio Pereira, Ellen Virgínia de Oliveira Nascimento, J. T. Mesquita
Bee pollen is an agglomerate of microscopic grains rich in proteins and phenolic compounds. Other products rich in flavonoids and vitamins, as well as bee pollen, have been shown a positive effect on stress, which is a physical condition that can lead to several somatic disorders. In this work the compositional characteristics of bee pollen were measured, and its effect in volunteers’ adult men was evaluated by a cortisol salivary test, and by responding to Lip’s Stress Symptom Inventory. The volunteers were given bee pollen for a month. After that, the salivary cortisol was measured and applied the questionnaire. Bee pollen shown an adequate nutritional composition. Its administration had a 23% reduction in salivary cortisol. The values obtained in the questionnaire were consistent with the results of the cortisol dosage, which relieved the symptoms reported by the volunteers. A phytochemical screening was also performed on this material showing the presence of flavonoids, which may be an active compound responsible for the functional effect in the stress relieving of the participants.
{"title":"Proximal composition of bee pollen and its functional effect on stress","authors":"Elizabete Lourenco da Costa, J. Antonio, Odilon Antonio Pereira, Ellen Virgínia de Oliveira Nascimento, J. T. Mesquita","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11503","url":null,"abstract":"Bee pollen is an agglomerate of microscopic grains rich in proteins and phenolic compounds. Other products rich in flavonoids and vitamins, as well as bee pollen, have been shown a positive effect on stress, which is a physical condition that can lead to several somatic disorders. In this work the compositional characteristics of bee pollen were measured, and its effect in volunteers’ adult men was evaluated by a cortisol salivary test, and by responding to Lip’s Stress Symptom Inventory. The volunteers were given bee pollen for a month. After that, the salivary cortisol was measured and applied the questionnaire. Bee pollen shown an adequate nutritional composition. Its administration had a 23% reduction in salivary cortisol. The values obtained in the questionnaire were consistent with the results of the cortisol dosage, which relieved the symptoms reported by the volunteers. A phytochemical screening was also performed on this material showing the presence of flavonoids, which may be an active compound responsible for the functional effect in the stress relieving of the participants.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73927746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11501
T. Ogunmoyole
The use of medicinal plant as alternative and complementary therapy is fast gaining attention in recent times particularly in developing nations. However, little or no attention is placed on identifying their bioactive constituents in terms of structures in relation to therapeutic effect. The present study investigates the bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant mechanisms of B. vulgaris leaf with a view to providing scientific explanation for its widespread usage in folk medicine. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of B. vulgaris leaf was determined according to established protocols. Moreover, structure and relative abundance of its active principles were determined using gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant mechanisms such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO?) radicals’ scavenging as well as ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) were performed following established protocols. GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic extract of B. vulgaris leaf showed that it contains 19 bioactive constituents of varying abundance and retention times. Methanolic extract contained more phenolics and flavonoids than the other two extracts tested. Free radical scavenging and ferric reducing potential was higher in the methanolic extract than the other two extracts used in the study. In conclusion, methanol extracted more bioactive phytochemicals and therefore exhibited higher antioxidant property than water and ethanol. Hence, for optimal medicinal usage of B. vulgaris leaf, methanol should be adopted for its extraction.
{"title":"Bambusa vulgaris leaf extracts contain myriad of bioactive phytochemicals: a possible attestation of its medicinal relevance","authors":"T. Ogunmoyole","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11501","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plant as alternative and complementary therapy is fast gaining attention in recent times particularly in developing nations. However, little or no attention is placed on identifying their bioactive constituents in terms of structures in relation to therapeutic effect. The present study investigates the bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant mechanisms of B. vulgaris leaf with a view to providing scientific explanation for its widespread usage in folk medicine. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of B. vulgaris leaf was determined according to established protocols. Moreover, structure and relative abundance of its active principles were determined using gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant mechanisms such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO?) radicals’ scavenging as well as ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) were performed following established protocols. GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic extract of B. vulgaris leaf showed that it contains 19 bioactive constituents of varying abundance and retention times. Methanolic extract contained more phenolics and flavonoids than the other two extracts tested. Free radical scavenging and ferric reducing potential was higher in the methanolic extract than the other two extracts used in the study. In conclusion, methanol extracted more bioactive phytochemicals and therefore exhibited higher antioxidant property than water and ethanol. Hence, for optimal medicinal usage of B. vulgaris leaf, methanol should be adopted for its extraction.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77933596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11509
Pramod Sharma, A. Khare, B. Aharwal
A study was conducted to know about the ethno-veterinary methods used by poultry producers (commercial and backyard) in the Kymore Plateau region of Madhya Pradesh's Jabalpur district. A prestructured questionnaire was developed for this purpose and 132 poultry farmers from the Shahpura, Kundam, Patan, and Jabalpur blocks of the Jabalpur district were interviewed directly. Direct perception, town walks, meeting passers-by, group meetings and gatherings with critical sources were also used to obtain information (i.e., customary pioneers, augmentation specialists and executives of village improvement advisory groups). The interviews were conducted in Hindi, the local language. Herbs/plants/parts of plants such as turmeric, garlic, guava, custard apple, ginger, pomegranate, sahjan, bamboo, and tobacco are used by poultry farmers for the treatment of different diseases, according to ethno-veterinary information and traditional managemental practice. The main constraints of poultry producers in the research study areas were poor disease prevention, control, and lack of disease awareness and management abilities. Programs should be designed in such a way that research and extension activities are focused on identified constraints. Aside from that, farmer skill development through training and farm service enhancement are critical. However, further research, documentation, and validation are required before these ethno-veterinary methods can be implemented on a large scale.
{"title":"Ethno-veterinary methods used by the poultry producers in the Kymore Plateau region of Madhya Pradesh","authors":"Pramod Sharma, A. Khare, B. Aharwal","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11509","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to know about the ethno-veterinary methods used by poultry producers (commercial and backyard) in the Kymore Plateau region of Madhya Pradesh's Jabalpur district. A prestructured questionnaire was developed for this purpose and 132 poultry farmers from the Shahpura, Kundam, Patan, and Jabalpur blocks of the Jabalpur district were interviewed directly. Direct perception, town walks, meeting passers-by, group meetings and gatherings with critical sources were also used to obtain information (i.e., customary pioneers, augmentation specialists and executives of village improvement advisory groups). The interviews were conducted in Hindi, the local language. Herbs/plants/parts of plants such as turmeric, garlic, guava, custard apple, ginger, pomegranate, sahjan, bamboo, and tobacco are used by poultry farmers for the treatment of different diseases, according to ethno-veterinary information and traditional managemental practice. The main constraints of poultry producers in the research study areas were poor disease prevention, control, and lack of disease awareness and management abilities. Programs should be designed in such a way that research and extension activities are focused on identified constraints. Aside from that, farmer skill development through training and farm service enhancement are critical. However, further research, documentation, and validation are required before these ethno-veterinary methods can be implemented on a large scale.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78022072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11506
F. Rwegoshora, F. Mabiki, F. Machumi, M. Chacha, B. Styrishave, C. Cornett
The use of plants as sources of drug agents is attributed by factors among which are the easy accessibility to plants, less toxicity and little or no drug resistance. An improvement in both traditional medicine and drug discovery field necessitates investigation of pure compounds in any plant with medicinal value. Synadenium glaucescens Pax of the family Euphorbiaceae is among the medicinal plant in Tanzania which are proven to contain bioactive compounds against microbial infections. Analysis of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of root and stem barks respectively aided to isolated six pure compounds (SG1- 6). These compounds were analyzed by both 1D, 2D NMR and GC-MS while their spectral processing was achieved in the Bruker TopSpin 3.6.2. Among these compounds, one was a phenolic (hemicosanyl ferulate-SG1), three triterpenoids, (lupeol- SG2, epifriedelanol- SG4 and eupholSG5), one steroid (β-sitosterol- SG6) and a long chain alkene (1-nonacosene- SG2). Cytotoxicity evaluation by Brine shrimp lethality test (BLST) indicated the compounds under report were practically non-toxic.
{"title":"Isolation and toxicity evaluation of feruloyl ester and other triterpenoids from Synadenium glaucescens Pax","authors":"F. Rwegoshora, F. Mabiki, F. Machumi, M. Chacha, B. Styrishave, C. Cornett","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11506","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plants as sources of drug agents is attributed by factors among which are the easy accessibility to plants, less toxicity and little or no drug resistance. An improvement in both traditional medicine and drug discovery field necessitates investigation of pure compounds in any plant with medicinal value. Synadenium glaucescens Pax of the family Euphorbiaceae is among the medicinal plant in Tanzania which are proven to contain bioactive compounds against microbial infections. Analysis of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of root and stem barks respectively aided to isolated six pure compounds (SG1- 6). These compounds were analyzed by both 1D, 2D NMR and GC-MS while their spectral processing was achieved in the Bruker TopSpin 3.6.2. Among these compounds, one was a phenolic (hemicosanyl ferulate-SG1), three triterpenoids, (lupeol- SG2, epifriedelanol- SG4 and eupholSG5), one steroid (β-sitosterol- SG6) and a long chain alkene (1-nonacosene- SG2). Cytotoxicity evaluation by Brine shrimp lethality test (BLST) indicated the compounds under report were practically non-toxic.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"7 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88617177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11505
Masese Johnson, Kipkoech Gilbert, M. Peter, Nguka Gordon, M. Charles
Aflatoxins (AF) are harmful metabolites produced by Aspergillums species principally by Aspergillus. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate protective effects of Spirulina platensis extract against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced biochemical changes in male Swiss albino mice. Randomly 25 healthy inbred mice were allocated into five groups, each having 5 mice. Group I (Control group), mice received normal diet. Group II mice received 100 mg/kg/day of S. platensis extract. Group III mice received 200 µg/kg/day of AFB1. Group IV mice received S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day and 200 µg/kg/day of AFB1. Group V mice received S. platensis extract 200 mg/kg/day and 200 µg/kg/day of AFB1 for 28 days. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), globulin, albumin and total plasma protein were analyzed in blood samples using an automated biochemistry analyser. Data analysis was done using one way ANOVA with Tukey’s Honestly Significantly Differenced (HSD) post-hoc analysis. Statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results showed that compared to group 1 (control), group 3 (200 µg/Kg/day AFB1) had increased levels of ALT; (44.0±6.83 IU/L vs. 61.0±8.19 IU/L; p=0.054), AST (176.75±44.34 IU/L vs. 256±115.99 IU/L; p=0.0195) and ALP (51.75±11.89 IU/L vs. 59.40±6.91 IU/L; p =0.049). Mice that were co-treated with 200 µg/Kg/day of AFB1 and 200 mg/Kg/day of S. platensis extract exhibited lower levels compared to mice treated with only 200 mg/Kg/day of AFB1; ALT (49.8±7.9 IU/L vs. 61.5±8.19 IU/L; p=0.039), AST (229.8±95 IU/L vs. 256±11.15 IU/L; p=0.04819) and ALP (26.5±13.48 IU/L vs. 49.75±4.1 IU/L; p=0.0444). In conclusion, our study findings suggest that supplementation of S. platensis extract at a level of 100 mg/Kg/day and 200 mg/Kg/day can reverse elevation of ALT, AST and ALP serum levels caused by 200 µg/Kg/day of AFB1 in male Swiss albino mice.
黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins, AF)是由曲霉产生的有害代谢物。黄曲霉和寄生曲霉。黄曲霉毒素具有肝毒性、致畸性、诱变性和致癌性。本研究的主要目的是评价螺旋藻提取物对黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)诱导的雄性瑞士白化小鼠生化变化的保护作用。选取健康近交系小鼠25只，随机分为5组，每组5只。第一组(对照组)，小鼠给予正常饮食。II组小鼠给予白荆提取物100 mg/kg/d。第三组小鼠给予AFB1 200µg/kg/天。IV组小鼠分别给予白棘提取物100 mg/kg/d和AFB1 200µg/kg/d。V组小鼠分别给予白棘提取物200 mg/kg/d和AFB1 200µg/kg/d，连续28 d。采用全自动生化分析仪分析血液样品中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、球蛋白、白蛋白和血浆总蛋白的水平。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和Tukey的诚实显著差异(HSD)事后分析。差异有统计学意义，P<0.05。结果显示，与1组(对照组)相比，3组(AFB1含量为200µg/Kg/day) ALT水平升高;(44.0±6.83 IU/L vs. 61.0±8.19 IU/L;p=0.054)， AST(176.75±44.34 IU/L vs. 256±115.99 IU/L;p=0.0195)和ALP(51.75±11.89 IU/L vs. 59.40±6.91 IU/L;p = 0.049)。同时给予200µg/Kg/天AFB1和200 mg/Kg/天天山参提取物的小鼠比只给予200 mg/Kg/天AFB1的小鼠表现出更低的水平;ALT(49.8±7.9 IU/L vs. 61.5±8.19 IU/L;p=0.039)， AST(229.8±95 IU/L vs. 256±11.15 IU/L;p=0.04819)和ALP(26.5±13.48 IU/L vs. 49.75±4.1 IU/L;p = 0.0444)。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，添加100 mg/Kg/d和200 mg/Kg/d水平的白山参提取物可以逆转200µg/Kg/d AFB1引起的雄性瑞士白化小鼠血清ALT、AST和ALP水平升高。
{"title":"Spirulina platensis Inhibits Aflatoxin B1 Induced Biochemical Changes in Male Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"Masese Johnson, Kipkoech Gilbert, M. Peter, Nguka Gordon, M. Charles","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11505","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins (AF) are harmful metabolites produced by Aspergillums species principally by Aspergillus. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate protective effects of Spirulina platensis extract against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced biochemical changes in male Swiss albino mice. Randomly 25 healthy inbred mice were allocated into five groups, each having 5 mice. Group I (Control group), mice received normal diet. Group II mice received 100 mg/kg/day of S. platensis extract. Group III mice received 200 µg/kg/day of AFB1. Group IV mice received S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day and 200 µg/kg/day of AFB1. Group V mice received S. platensis extract 200 mg/kg/day and 200 µg/kg/day of AFB1 for 28 days. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), globulin, albumin and total plasma protein were analyzed in blood samples using an automated biochemistry analyser. Data analysis was done using one way ANOVA with Tukey’s Honestly Significantly Differenced (HSD) post-hoc analysis. Statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results showed that compared to group 1 (control), group 3 (200 µg/Kg/day AFB1) had increased levels of ALT; (44.0±6.83 IU/L vs. 61.0±8.19 IU/L; p=0.054), AST (176.75±44.34 IU/L vs. 256±115.99 IU/L; p=0.0195) and ALP (51.75±11.89 IU/L vs. 59.40±6.91 IU/L; p =0.049). Mice that were co-treated with 200 µg/Kg/day of AFB1 and 200 mg/Kg/day of S. platensis extract exhibited lower levels compared to mice treated with only 200 mg/Kg/day of AFB1; ALT (49.8±7.9 IU/L vs. 61.5±8.19 IU/L; p=0.039), AST (229.8±95 IU/L vs. 256±11.15 IU/L; p=0.04819) and ALP (26.5±13.48 IU/L vs. 49.75±4.1 IU/L; p=0.0444). In conclusion, our study findings suggest that supplementation of S. platensis extract at a level of 100 mg/Kg/day and 200 mg/Kg/day can reverse elevation of ALT, AST and ALP serum levels caused by 200 µg/Kg/day of AFB1 in male Swiss albino mice.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74043184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11511
S. Shil, S. Dewanjee
Medicinal plants having diversified phytochemical compounds like secondary plant metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates, essential oils and aromatic compounds etc) are subject to abiotic stress like drought. Drought, one of the major ecologically limiting factors has significant impact on growth and secondary metabolic process of several medicinal plants. Water stress causes a reduction in plant size, density, reduces plant leaf area, and decrease in whole biomass, and not only alters the plant structurally and anatomically but also leads to fluctuation of their secondary chemical constituents. Secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) are useful to assess the quality and quantity of the therapeutic ingredients and such metabolites synthesized by the plant helps to cope up towards the negative effects of stress for adaptation and defence. A large number of studies manifested from the relevant review that drought influences on SPMs production and accumulation from plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, flower, fruits, seeds etc and causes an increase or decrease in their solute concentration by up to 50%. Studies showed that a medicinal plant produces different concentration of a particular metabolite grown under stress and non-stress environment. Generally, drought stress accumulates a higher concentration of active phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids etc whereas concentration of phenols, flavanoids and saponins etc decreases under drought. In most cases as a whole, it may have to be concluding from comparative analysis that medicinal plants grown under drought exhibits higher content of secondary plant products than grown under optimal conditions. In addition, all secondary products may not increase in equal proportions under stress and it depends on the intensity of the drought as well as species of medicinal plants. Thus, moderate drought stress significantly enhanced the quality as well as quantity of secondary active substances in medicinal plants. However, for better understanding indepth further research is utmost essential at molecular level using new techniques viz. Proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomes and genomics etc.
{"title":"Impact of drought stress signals on growth and secondary metabolites (SMs) in medicinal plants","authors":"S. Shil, S. Dewanjee","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11511","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants having diversified phytochemical compounds like secondary plant metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates, essential oils and aromatic compounds etc) are subject to abiotic stress like drought. Drought, one of the major ecologically limiting factors has significant impact on growth and secondary metabolic process of several medicinal plants. Water stress causes a reduction in plant size, density, reduces plant leaf area, and decrease in whole biomass, and not only alters the plant structurally and anatomically but also leads to fluctuation of their secondary chemical constituents. Secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) are useful to assess the quality and quantity of the therapeutic ingredients and such metabolites synthesized by the plant helps to cope up towards the negative effects of stress for adaptation and defence. A large number of studies manifested from the relevant review that drought influences on SPMs production and accumulation from plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, flower, fruits, seeds etc and causes an increase or decrease in their solute concentration by up to 50%. Studies showed that a medicinal plant produces different concentration of a particular metabolite grown under stress and non-stress environment. Generally, drought stress accumulates a higher concentration of active phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids etc whereas concentration of phenols, flavanoids and saponins etc decreases under drought. In most cases as a whole, it may have to be concluding from comparative analysis that medicinal plants grown under drought exhibits higher content of secondary plant products than grown under optimal conditions. In addition, all secondary products may not increase in equal proportions under stress and it depends on the intensity of the drought as well as species of medicinal plants. Thus, moderate drought stress significantly enhanced the quality as well as quantity of secondary active substances in medicinal plants. However, for better understanding indepth further research is utmost essential at molecular level using new techniques viz. Proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomes and genomics etc.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82614750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11502
Krina M Patel, Bhavdip B. Parmar, K. Sadariya, S. Bhavsar
The study was planned to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Screening of cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts for antibacterial sensitivity and MIC against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out. ABST was performed by the disc diffusion method. The cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts were suspended in a solution containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5% tween 80. Under aseptic condition, empty sterilized discs were impregnated with 50 μl of different concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12%) of the cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts and placed on the agar plate surface. Paper disc moistened with vehicle (DMSO plus tween 80) was placed on the seeded petri plate as a vehicle control. Standard disc containing antibacterial drugs (gentamicin, tetracycline, cefpirome and ampicillin) were used as reference control. The petri plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition was measured. Among the tested bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli showed the sensitivity at different concentration of cinnamon powder ethanolic extract whereas Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no zone of inhibition. Aqueous extract of cinnamon powder showed no antibacterial activities against all tested bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts were determined by micro-broth dilution technique. The results of MIC revealed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed various MIC against all tested bacteria. Ethanolic extract of cinnamon powder has lower MIC value against Staphylococcus aureus among tested bacteria.
{"title":"Assessment of in vitro antibacterial activity and MIC of cinnamon bark powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts against bacteria","authors":"Krina M Patel, Bhavdip B. Parmar, K. Sadariya, S. Bhavsar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11502","url":null,"abstract":"The study was planned to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Screening of cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts for antibacterial sensitivity and MIC against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out. ABST was performed by the disc diffusion method. The cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts were suspended in a solution containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5% tween 80. Under aseptic condition, empty sterilized discs were impregnated with 50 μl of different concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12%) of the cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts and placed on the agar plate surface. Paper disc moistened with vehicle (DMSO plus tween 80) was placed on the seeded petri plate as a vehicle control. Standard disc containing antibacterial drugs (gentamicin, tetracycline, cefpirome and ampicillin) were used as reference control. The petri plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition was measured. Among the tested bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli showed the sensitivity at different concentration of cinnamon powder ethanolic extract whereas Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no zone of inhibition. Aqueous extract of cinnamon powder showed no antibacterial activities against all tested bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamon powder ethanolic and aqueous extracts were determined by micro-broth dilution technique. The results of MIC revealed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed various MIC against all tested bacteria. Ethanolic extract of cinnamon powder has lower MIC value against Staphylococcus aureus among tested bacteria.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84871234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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