Neural interface devices have been used to retrieve bioelectrical signals from the nervous system to control prosthetics and muscle stimulators. The ability to identify specific electrical signals is important in order to control prosthetics and muscle stimulators. In this paper, we present the Texas peripheral Nerve Interface (TxNI) which combines a PDMS microchannel scaffold with microelectrodes and is designed to retrieve detailed electrical signals (electroneurogram) from the peripheral nervous system. The microchannel is microfabricated using PDMS and commercially available wires. The diameter of scaffold is approximately 2 mm, and the fabricated length of the scaffold can be 10cm or longer. The number of the microchannels, and the diameter of each channel, can be controlled by using different sizes of wire. For the first generation TxNI, commercially available micro wires were used to implement the device efficiently. The second generation TxNI has been further developed, which replaces microwires with gold microtube electrodes. The first generation TxNI has been successfully implanted inside small animals and the bioelectrical signals were captured from the regenerated nerves. The gold microtube electrode of the second generation TxNI was microfabricated using commercially available copper wires and gold electroplating solution. The diameter of gold microtube electrodes can be controlled by using different sizes of wires during the electroplating process; thickness is determined by the duration of the electroplating process. We implemented the gold microtube electrode into individual microchannels so as to retrieve the bioelectric signal from regenerated nerves inside gold microtube electrodes.
{"title":"A PDMS microchannel scaffold with microtube electrodes for peripheral Nerve Interfacing","authors":"Bongkyun Kim, Everardo Ibarra, Alejandro Reyes, Bernardo Garza, Rosalio Luna, Yoonsu Choi","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7048823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7048823","url":null,"abstract":"Neural interface devices have been used to retrieve bioelectrical signals from the nervous system to control prosthetics and muscle stimulators. The ability to identify specific electrical signals is important in order to control prosthetics and muscle stimulators. In this paper, we present the Texas peripheral Nerve Interface (TxNI) which combines a PDMS microchannel scaffold with microelectrodes and is designed to retrieve detailed electrical signals (electroneurogram) from the peripheral nervous system. The microchannel is microfabricated using PDMS and commercially available wires. The diameter of scaffold is approximately 2 mm, and the fabricated length of the scaffold can be 10cm or longer. The number of the microchannels, and the diameter of each channel, can be controlled by using different sizes of wire. For the first generation TxNI, commercially available micro wires were used to implement the device efficiently. The second generation TxNI has been further developed, which replaces microwires with gold microtube electrodes. The first generation TxNI has been successfully implanted inside small animals and the bioelectrical signals were captured from the regenerated nerves. The gold microtube electrode of the second generation TxNI was microfabricated using commercially available copper wires and gold electroplating solution. The diameter of gold microtube electrodes can be controlled by using different sizes of wires during the electroplating process; thickness is determined by the duration of the electroplating process. We implemented the gold microtube electrode into individual microchannels so as to retrieve the bioelectric signal from regenerated nerves inside gold microtube electrodes.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127760788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7048972
Sayan Kleangsin, A. Sangswang, S. Naetiladdanon, C. Koompai
This paper presents a three-phase output power control scheme of an induction heating (IH) system using an automatic variable-frequency symmetrical voltage-cancellation (AVFSVC) control technique. The power control is based on the instantaneous output power, filtered and compared with a reference value. The phase angle a is automatically varied depending on the power requirements where the low-power operation is achievable. The high power inverter is operated under zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition by a phase locked loop (PLL) control for maximum overall system efficiency and low switching loss. Calculation and Simulation results are provided in the paper to validate the proposed control method with the output power ranging from 0.024 to 15.63 kW under 15.03 to 16.67 kHz operation frequency.
{"title":"A power control of three-phase converter with AVFSVC control for high-power induction heating applications","authors":"Sayan Kleangsin, A. Sangswang, S. Naetiladdanon, C. Koompai","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7048972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7048972","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a three-phase output power control scheme of an induction heating (IH) system using an automatic variable-frequency symmetrical voltage-cancellation (AVFSVC) control technique. The power control is based on the instantaneous output power, filtered and compared with a reference value. The phase angle a is automatically varied depending on the power requirements where the low-power operation is achievable. The high power inverter is operated under zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition by a phase locked loop (PLL) control for maximum overall system efficiency and low switching loss. Calculation and Simulation results are provided in the paper to validate the proposed control method with the output power ranging from 0.024 to 15.63 kW under 15.03 to 16.67 kHz operation frequency.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126494371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049256
A. Al‐Durra, A. Reznik, Marcelo Simoes, S. Muyeen
This paper presents a three phase grid connected DC/AC inverter with active and reactive power (VAR) control for medium size renewable and distributed DC energy sources. The inverter, based on a voltage sourced inverter (VSI) configuration, allows the local residential energy generation to actively supply reactive power to the utility grid, at the same time, this topology allows to work this installation in stand-alone (grid disconnected) mode maintaining nominal and clean voltage at nominal power. A low complexity grid synchronization method was introduced to generate direct and quadrature components of the grid voltage in a simple and computationally efficient manner in order to generate a synchronized current reference for the current loop control. Simulations were performed on Matlab/Simulink platform and a prototype was also developed in the lab to prove the effectiveness of the designed filter, controllers and grid synchronization method. The dSPACE hardware in the loop (HTL) was used, providing a good solution for laboratory implementation.
{"title":"Performance analysis of a grid-tied inverter for renewable energy applications","authors":"A. Al‐Durra, A. Reznik, Marcelo Simoes, S. Muyeen","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049256","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a three phase grid connected DC/AC inverter with active and reactive power (VAR) control for medium size renewable and distributed DC energy sources. The inverter, based on a voltage sourced inverter (VSI) configuration, allows the local residential energy generation to actively supply reactive power to the utility grid, at the same time, this topology allows to work this installation in stand-alone (grid disconnected) mode maintaining nominal and clean voltage at nominal power. A low complexity grid synchronization method was introduced to generate direct and quadrature components of the grid voltage in a simple and computationally efficient manner in order to generate a synchronized current reference for the current loop control. Simulations were performed on Matlab/Simulink platform and a prototype was also developed in the lab to prove the effectiveness of the designed filter, controllers and grid synchronization method. The dSPACE hardware in the loop (HTL) was used, providing a good solution for laboratory implementation.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128027941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7048489
Abhisek K. Behera, B. Bandyopadhyay
This paper discusses the robust stabilization of a linear time-invariant system based on event triggering strategy. In most practical system, it is not possible to update control in continuous manner, so it is given to plant at some periodic discrete instants only. Recently, the event based control technique for control law update has become popular as it uses the resources efficiently while guaranteeing closed loop system stability. We address here the event based sliding mode control for a linear system in the presence of disturbances and it is shown that the closed loop system achieves stability with respect to measurement errors. The expression for minimum control execution time, where the control law gets updated only after this time interval is also derived. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Event based robust stabilization of linear systems","authors":"Abhisek K. Behera, B. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7048489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7048489","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the robust stabilization of a linear time-invariant system based on event triggering strategy. In most practical system, it is not possible to update control in continuous manner, so it is given to plant at some periodic discrete instants only. Recently, the event based control technique for control law update has become popular as it uses the resources efficiently while guaranteeing closed loop system stability. We address here the event based sliding mode control for a linear system in the presence of disturbances and it is shown that the closed loop system achieves stability with respect to measurement errors. The expression for minimum control execution time, where the control law gets updated only after this time interval is also derived. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128142673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049243
P. Bosetti, F. Biral
A prototype for a supervising controller for machining applications is here proposed. The controller relies on the definition of an optimal control problem that aims at calculating the sequence of controls (feed rate and tool speed) that minimize a multi-objective target function. The target function allows to selectively prioritize terms related to the productivity, energy consumption, tool wear, and surface quality, by individually setting their relative weights (the case of all equal weights represents a balanced optimization.) The implementation of the proposed system on a real machine tool is briefly outlined, and the results of real machining tests are reported and compared to those obtained by typical machining on the same machine tool.
{"title":"Application of optimal control theory to milling process","authors":"P. Bosetti, F. Biral","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049243","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype for a supervising controller for machining applications is here proposed. The controller relies on the definition of an optimal control problem that aims at calculating the sequence of controls (feed rate and tool speed) that minimize a multi-objective target function. The target function allows to selectively prioritize terms related to the productivity, energy consumption, tool wear, and surface quality, by individually setting their relative weights (the case of all equal weights represents a balanced optimization.) The implementation of the proposed system on a real machine tool is briefly outlined, and the results of real machining tests are reported and compared to those obtained by typical machining on the same machine tool.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125458194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049354
Seong-Jun Hong, M. Syed, G. Rim, Hyung-Suk Kim
When considering issues such as power shortage, environmental pollution, and dependence on petroleum, a battery energy storage system (ESS) is one of the promising options to overcome these problems. This paper deals with a 3 kW residential battery ESS that consists of a buck/boost power conversion unit, a DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit, and a Li-ion battery pack with a battery management system. In order to connect an ESS to the grid, the system needs to meet requirements such as having a bidirectional power flow, low THD, and anti-islanding. This paper presents an operation scheme and the implementation of a residential ESS. The scheme was experimentally verified on a prototype.
{"title":"Residential battery energy storage system with 3kWh Li-ion battery pack","authors":"Seong-Jun Hong, M. Syed, G. Rim, Hyung-Suk Kim","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049354","url":null,"abstract":"When considering issues such as power shortage, environmental pollution, and dependence on petroleum, a battery energy storage system (ESS) is one of the promising options to overcome these problems. This paper deals with a 3 kW residential battery ESS that consists of a buck/boost power conversion unit, a DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit, and a Li-ion battery pack with a battery management system. In order to connect an ESS to the grid, the system needs to meet requirements such as having a bidirectional power flow, low THD, and anti-islanding. This paper presents an operation scheme and the implementation of a residential ESS. The scheme was experimentally verified on a prototype.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125708596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049275
Syam Kumar Pidaparthy, B. Choi
This paper presents a methodology to deal with the control design for PWM converters in dc-to-dc power conversion systems. The concept of uncoupled dc-to-dc converter is established, which allows dc-to-dc converters to be designed independently from the source and load impedances. The control design strategy of the uncoupled dc-to-dc converters is formulated to offer good and robust closed-loop performance when the converters are coupled with the actual source and load subsystems. A peak current-mode controlled buck converter is used as an example throughout this paper to verify the proposed control design technique. We compare the control design of the uncoupled dc-to-dc converters with that of the converters coupled with resistive and non-resistive loads. The validity of the conventional design intended for a resistive load is also be discussed.
{"title":"Designing control loop for PWM converters in dc-to-dc power conversion systems","authors":"Syam Kumar Pidaparthy, B. Choi","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology to deal with the control design for PWM converters in dc-to-dc power conversion systems. The concept of uncoupled dc-to-dc converter is established, which allows dc-to-dc converters to be designed independently from the source and load impedances. The control design strategy of the uncoupled dc-to-dc converters is formulated to offer good and robust closed-loop performance when the converters are coupled with the actual source and load subsystems. A peak current-mode controlled buck converter is used as an example throughout this paper to verify the proposed control design technique. We compare the control design of the uncoupled dc-to-dc converters with that of the converters coupled with resistive and non-resistive loads. The validity of the conventional design intended for a resistive load is also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121940393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049244
Nicole Schmidt, A. Lüder, H. Steininger, S. Biffl
The demand for decreasing time to market poses as major challenge to shorten the engineering process of technical systems. Considering the engineering process from the initial mission to build a technical system through to the final system commissioning, engineering has become increasingly expensive in terms of time and money. The improvement of individual tools and improved interoperability of tools are two common approaches used to help meet this demand. This paper contributes to answering the question of which approach seems to be more advantageous by reporting the results from a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire was distributed to experts from a wide range of disciplines with different backgrounds in automation engineering. The experts were asked about the importance of different tool functionalities regarding engineering process phases and activities and by when they expect these functions to be implemented in tools. This paper analyzes the results of the questionnaire focusing on the entire engineering process of technical systems.
{"title":"AutomationML for user requirements fulfilment related to engineering process efficiency","authors":"Nicole Schmidt, A. Lüder, H. Steininger, S. Biffl","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049244","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for decreasing time to market poses as major challenge to shorten the engineering process of technical systems. Considering the engineering process from the initial mission to build a technical system through to the final system commissioning, engineering has become increasingly expensive in terms of time and money. The improvement of individual tools and improved interoperability of tools are two common approaches used to help meet this demand. This paper contributes to answering the question of which approach seems to be more advantageous by reporting the results from a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire was distributed to experts from a wide range of disciplines with different backgrounds in automation engineering. The experts were asked about the importance of different tool functionalities regarding engineering process phases and activities and by when they expect these functions to be implemented in tools. This paper analyzes the results of the questionnaire focusing on the entire engineering process of technical systems.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121964229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049095
Radim Dudek, V. Šmídl, Z. Peroutka
Start-stop system of an internal combustion system of a hybrid drive is designed to reduce energy consumption of the drive and reduce the produced emissions. Effectiveness of the start-stop system heavily depends on its ability to correctly predict when the combustion engine will be idle. This makes the problem suitable for model predictive control. In this contribution, we study the case of a hybrid city bus for which we have available recorded profiles of power consumption from repeated drives of the same route. We propose to use these historical data as predictions of the power consumption in the predictive control approach. We show in simulation with recorded data, that the resulting model predictive start-stop system outperforms the rule based approach and yield fuel savings of 5% and operational cost over 2%.
{"title":"Start-stop system for a city bus based on model predictive control","authors":"Radim Dudek, V. Šmídl, Z. Peroutka","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049095","url":null,"abstract":"Start-stop system of an internal combustion system of a hybrid drive is designed to reduce energy consumption of the drive and reduce the produced emissions. Effectiveness of the start-stop system heavily depends on its ability to correctly predict when the combustion engine will be idle. This makes the problem suitable for model predictive control. In this contribution, we study the case of a hybrid city bus for which we have available recorded profiles of power consumption from repeated drives of the same route. We propose to use these historical data as predictions of the power consumption in the predictive control approach. We show in simulation with recorded data, that the resulting model predictive start-stop system outperforms the rule based approach and yield fuel savings of 5% and operational cost over 2%.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122282434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049111
A. Filonenko, Van-Dung Hoang, K. Jo
This paper describes the smoke detection algorithm for autonomous vehicles equipped with camera and lidar. The main feature is the ability to detect smoke with ego motion of the camera. Color characteristics of smoke are used to detect regions of interest by similarity of pixels between the current frame and the training data. The following metrics are used: red, green, blue, cyan, saturation channels and spatial entropy. Each region of interest is then enhanced by removing small objects and by filling holes. Sky region is removed by checking edge density of the region. Other rigid objects are expelled by the boundary roughness feature. By knowing the fact that smoke tends to change its shape in frame sequence, the angle-radius shape descriptor is introduced. Cross-correlation of this descriptor between regions in consequent frames will show objects with not appropriate behavior. Data from the camera and lidar are fused to make the final decision.
{"title":"Smoke detection on roads for autonomous vehicles","authors":"A. Filonenko, Van-Dung Hoang, K. Jo","doi":"10.1109/IECON.2014.7049111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2014.7049111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the smoke detection algorithm for autonomous vehicles equipped with camera and lidar. The main feature is the ability to detect smoke with ego motion of the camera. Color characteristics of smoke are used to detect regions of interest by similarity of pixels between the current frame and the training data. The following metrics are used: red, green, blue, cyan, saturation channels and spatial entropy. Each region of interest is then enhanced by removing small objects and by filling holes. Sky region is removed by checking edge density of the region. Other rigid objects are expelled by the boundary roughness feature. By knowing the fact that smoke tends to change its shape in frame sequence, the angle-radius shape descriptor is introduced. Cross-correlation of this descriptor between regions in consequent frames will show objects with not appropriate behavior. Data from the camera and lidar are fused to make the final decision.","PeriodicalId":228897,"journal":{"name":"IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127965899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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