with ventilation. V) Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment have a significant effect on the patient’s recovery. Conclusion: The proposed guideline obtained from the evaluation of clinical trials, sys tematic reviews, and meta-analyses can improve the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 disease.e
{"title":"Management of Hospitalized Adult Patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A Therapeutic Guideline","authors":"P. Kolivand, Vahid Dehestani, H. Kazemi","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"with ventilation. V) Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment have a significant effect on the patient’s recovery. Conclusion: The proposed guideline obtained from the evaluation of clinical trials, sys tematic reviews, and meta-analyses can improve the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 disease.e","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73878824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: One of main challenging issues in cognitive science is the role of attention in consciousness. It is generally believed that attention is essential for consciousness. However, some s tudies have shown in some conditions, such as iconic memory, consciousness happens without attention. In previous s tudies, using iconic memory dual tasks in which attention is locally diverted to peripheral task in order to examine consciousness in the central task has caused the problem of expectation and previous knowledge in perception of the s timuli. The purpose of the present study was to tes t attention necessity for consciousness in iconic memory using the modified Stroop paradigm. Materials and Methods: Thirty Participants subjects were selected and randomly assigned to the partial and whole report groups. Results: Participants had significantly more correct responses in the partial group compared to the whole report group both in congruent and incongruent conditions. This indicates that attentional bias to word processing in incongruent conditions did not affect the correct responses compared to congruent conditions. Conclusion: Attention is not necessary for consciousness in iconic memory.y
{"title":"Examining the Necessity of Attention for Consciousness in Iconic Memory Using Modified\u0000Stroop Paradigm","authors":"Mehdi Afzalinia, I. Bigdeli, Javad Salehi Fadardi","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of main challenging issues in cognitive science is the role of attention in consciousness. It is generally believed that attention is essential for consciousness. However, some s tudies have shown in some conditions, such as iconic memory, consciousness happens without attention. In previous s tudies, using iconic memory dual tasks in which attention is locally diverted to peripheral task in order to examine consciousness in the central task has caused the problem of expectation and previous knowledge in perception of the s timuli. The purpose of the present study was to tes t attention necessity for consciousness in iconic memory using the modified Stroop paradigm. Materials and Methods: Thirty Participants subjects were selected and randomly assigned to the partial and whole report groups. Results: Participants had significantly more correct responses in the partial group compared to the whole report group both in congruent and incongruent conditions. This indicates that attentional bias to word processing in incongruent conditions did not affect the correct responses compared to congruent conditions. Conclusion: Attention is not necessary for consciousness in iconic memory.y","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77039472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samira Ramazi, F. Arani, Atlasi Safaei, Zeinab Abbasi, Zahra Heidari, hanieh Ghasemian nafchi, H. Mohammadsadeghi, F. Karimzadeh
shown that these diseases are associated with severe inflammation and as trocytes are among the mos t important cells that cause inflammation. Reactive as trocytes play a role in the pathology of various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington’s. Alterations in neurotransmitters, cellular connections, receptors, signaling pathways (especially in the field of inflammation), secretion of inflammatory factors, aqueous channels, secretion of growth factors, protein deposition, ionic homeos tasis, and finally, changes in the size and number of as trocytes have been considered as the mos t important pathogenic mechanisms in as trocytes. Conclusion: Regulation of reactive as trocytes could be an effective clinical s trategy for the treatment of neurological and psychological diseases.s
{"title":"The Role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System: Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions","authors":"Samira Ramazi, F. Arani, Atlasi Safaei, Zeinab Abbasi, Zahra Heidari, hanieh Ghasemian nafchi, H. Mohammadsadeghi, F. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"shown that these diseases are associated with severe inflammation and as trocytes are among the mos t important cells that cause inflammation. Reactive as trocytes play a role in the pathology of various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington’s. Alterations in neurotransmitters, cellular connections, receptors, signaling pathways (especially in the field of inflammation), secretion of inflammatory factors, aqueous channels, secretion of growth factors, protein deposition, ionic homeos tasis, and finally, changes in the size and number of as trocytes have been considered as the mos t important pathogenic mechanisms in as trocytes. Conclusion: Regulation of reactive as trocytes could be an effective clinical s trategy for the treatment of neurological and psychological diseases.s","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89470543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elham PourAfrouz, Saeed Setayeshi, I. Bigdeli, M. Pedram
{"title":"Predicting mindfulness effect on irritability with Bayesian models, regression and neural network","authors":"Elham PourAfrouz, Saeed Setayeshi, I. Bigdeli, M. Pedram","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84920481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
hypoxia, oxidative s tress, or increased production of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. s
缺氧、氧化应激或外周促炎细胞因子的产生增加。年代
{"title":"COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Mechanisms and Pathophysiology","authors":"Ali Mohammadkhanizadeh, F. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.151","url":null,"abstract":"hypoxia, oxidative s tress, or increased production of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. s","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79881828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pegah Tababaienavainobari, Mehran Solymani, B. Shalchi
{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pivotal Response Treatment and Applied Behavioral Analysis on the Symptoms Severity and Executive Functions in Autistic Children","authors":"Pegah Tababaienavainobari, Mehran Solymani, B. Shalchi","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75963694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
groups compared to the control group. In there was a subs tantial difference between the mean values of SIRT3 protein among the three groups. SIRT3 levels in the EX and groups were significantly greater compared to the R group. Conclusion: Increasing the amount of SIRT3 in the response of HIIT swimming training in older rats indicating the involvement of this protein in metabolic pathways, antioxidant defense, and neuroprotection. to metabolic tissues, this in the frontal lobe of the brain.n
{"title":"The Effect of Six-Week HIIT Swimming Exercise and Resveratrol Supplementation on the Level of SIRT3 in Frontal Lobe of Aged Rats","authors":"Amin Mehrabi, A. Gaeini, R. Nouri, F. Daryanoosh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.2.48","url":null,"abstract":"groups compared to the control group. In there was a subs tantial difference between the mean values of SIRT3 protein among the three groups. SIRT3 levels in the EX and groups were significantly greater compared to the R group. Conclusion: Increasing the amount of SIRT3 in the response of HIIT swimming training in older rats indicating the involvement of this protein in metabolic pathways, antioxidant defense, and neuroprotection. to metabolic tissues, this in the frontal lobe of the brain.n","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82638596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
fahimeh maheronnaghsh, F. Naderi, saeed bakhtiyarpor, S. Safarzadeh
treatment based on acceptance and commitment were effective on rumination and worry. Furthermore, the efficacy of treatment based on acceptance and commitment was significantly greater than mental training. However, in the follow-up phase, no difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two interventions on rumination and worry. Conclusion: Mental training and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to reduce rumination and worry in body dysmorphic disorder.
{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mental Training and Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Rumination and Anxiety in Subjects with Body Dysmorphic Disorder","authors":"fahimeh maheronnaghsh, F. Naderi, saeed bakhtiyarpor, S. Safarzadeh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.1.120","url":null,"abstract":"treatment based on acceptance and commitment were effective on rumination and worry. Furthermore, the efficacy of treatment based on acceptance and commitment was significantly greater than mental training. However, in the follow-up phase, no difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two interventions on rumination and worry. Conclusion: Mental training and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to reduce rumination and worry in body dysmorphic disorder.","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the factors (hypertension, mellitus, atrial fibrillation, initial neurological indices (Glasgow scale, ICH and Hess and bleeding size in were evaluated 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage for the incidence of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke. Results: 165 patients had intracerebral hemorrhage and 38 patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cumulative incidence of thromboischemic events in an unselected intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage population was 31%. The overall incidence rates of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke after 6 months of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage onset were 10.9%, 5%, 10%, and 7.4%, respectively. The mean time to the events was 145.5 ± 5.5 days. Conclusion: Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation were the significant independent risk factors for thromboischemic events. Age, higher ICH score, Hunt & Hess grade, and hemorrhage size >30cc have shown significant correlations with the development of deep vein thrombosis.
{"title":"Incidence of Ischemic and Thrombotic Events Following Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhages","authors":"M. Maghbooli, Reza Ahmadi, Ghazaleh Bahrami","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"the factors (hypertension, mellitus, atrial fibrillation, initial neurological indices (Glasgow scale, ICH and Hess and bleeding size in were evaluated 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage for the incidence of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke. Results: 165 patients had intracerebral hemorrhage and 38 patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cumulative incidence of thromboischemic events in an unselected intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage population was 31%. The overall incidence rates of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke after 6 months of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage onset were 10.9%, 5%, 10%, and 7.4%, respectively. The mean time to the events was 145.5 ± 5.5 days. Conclusion: Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation were the significant independent risk factors for thromboischemic events. Age, higher ICH score, Hunt & Hess grade, and hemorrhage size >30cc have shown significant correlations with the development of deep vein thrombosis.","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"6 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Stroke is one of the mos t prevalent causes of death worldwide. Strategies that increase the resistance of neural cells to ischemia-induced damages are crucial to prevent brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training and adenosine injection on the expression of the A2B gene after ischemia-reperfusion in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats (220±20g) were divided into four groups; endurance training +adenosine+ ischemia, ischemia+ adenosine, endurance training+ ischemia, and control. Ischemic induction was conducted through the common carotid artery ligation. After the ischemic insult, an endurance training protocol was performed. Eight weeks after ischemic induction and exercise protocol, blood samples were taken from rats, and expression of the A2B gene was measured. Results: There was a significant difference in the expression of the A2B gene between the ischemic control and endurance training +adenosine+ ischemia groups. Conclusion: It seems endurance training protocol protected neurons from ischemic injury and improved rat brain function. The administration of adenosine has also played an important role in the regulatory mechanisms of ischemic-reperfusi
{"title":"Effects of Endurance Training and Adenosine on the Expression of the A2B Gene on the Ischemic-Reperfusion Model of the Male Rat Brain","authors":"Mansur Rahimi, F. Nameni","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stroke is one of the mos t prevalent causes of death worldwide. Strategies that increase the resistance of neural cells to ischemia-induced damages are crucial to prevent brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training and adenosine injection on the expression of the A2B gene after ischemia-reperfusion in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats (220±20g) were divided into four groups; endurance training +adenosine+ ischemia, ischemia+ adenosine, endurance training+ ischemia, and control. Ischemic induction was conducted through the common carotid artery ligation. After the ischemic insult, an endurance training protocol was performed. Eight weeks after ischemic induction and exercise protocol, blood samples were taken from rats, and expression of the A2B gene was measured. Results: There was a significant difference in the expression of the A2B gene between the ischemic control and endurance training +adenosine+ ischemia groups. Conclusion: It seems endurance training protocol protected neurons from ischemic injury and improved rat brain function. The administration of adenosine has also played an important role in the regulatory mechanisms of ischemic-reperfusi","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90407910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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