Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2687
Sana Ullah Khan, Muhammad Farhan Tabassum, R. Karim
The primary purpose of programming is to organize training factor modifications that will provide the greatest possible improvement in performance. However, the best programming approach that results in enhanced neuromuscular adaptations is still unclear. This research set out to determine how three varying degrees of unpredictability within resistance training programs affected performance gains. Thirty-six people were split into three groups of twelve each: those who would receive training based on a weekly model (WM), those who would receive instruction based on a daily model (DM), and those who would receive training based on a session model (SM); Six weeks of back squat sessions comprised the training intervention. All participants received the same total training load during the course of six-week intervention. We tested the individual's maximum dynamic strength (1RM) in the back-squat, countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ) both before and after the training intervention. Significant gains were observed across the board (p<0.05). The effect size (ES) of the session model in 1RM is just 0.29. Effect sizes for the daily model and session model in SJ are both moderate, at 0.61 and 0.41 respectively. The impact size in the CMJ daily model is quite moderate (0.51), while it is very large (0.99) in the session model. The results of this study show that changing the type of stimulus used in resistance training more often is a significant way to improve both strength and jumping ability at the same time.
{"title":"Resistance Trainings for Enhancement in Jumping Performance: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Sana Ullah Khan, Muhammad Farhan Tabassum, R. Karim","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2687","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of programming is to organize training factor modifications that will provide the greatest possible improvement in performance. However, the best programming approach that results in enhanced neuromuscular adaptations is still unclear. This research set out to determine how three varying degrees of unpredictability within resistance training programs affected performance gains. Thirty-six people were split into three groups of twelve each: those who would receive training based on a weekly model (WM), those who would receive instruction based on a daily model (DM), and those who would receive training based on a session model (SM); Six weeks of back squat sessions comprised the training intervention. All participants received the same total training load during the course of six-week intervention. We tested the individual's maximum dynamic strength (1RM) in the back-squat, countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ) both before and after the training intervention. Significant gains were observed across the board (p<0.05). The effect size (ES) of the session model in 1RM is just 0.29. Effect sizes for the daily model and session model in SJ are both moderate, at 0.61 and 0.41 respectively. The impact size in the CMJ daily model is quite moderate (0.51), while it is very large (0.99) in the session model. The results of this study show that changing the type of stimulus used in resistance training more often is a significant way to improve both strength and jumping ability at the same time.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2505
A. W. Mughal, Asia Noor, Tasleem Arif
This study aimed to compare the life skills about interpersonal relationship skills, stress management skills, and decision-making skills amongst intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes of government girls’ higher secondary schools in district Mardan, Pakistan. The researcher followed a descriptive survey research design to meet the set objectives of the study. girl athletes and non-athletes from Government Higher Secondary schools of District, Mardan with age range 15-21 years of class 9th, 10th, 1st year, and 2nd year constituted the target population for the current study. A close-ended adapted questionnaire University of Pretoria (South Africa) using a Likert scale from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” was used to collect the required information from the participants consisting of girls’ athletes and non-athletes from government higher secondary schools of district, Mardan. A total of 568 questionnaires were administered among the participants and 468 questionnaires with (an 82.39%) ratios were received back. For an inclusive assessment of life skills, different attributes were labeled to each life skill, whereas all 34 items were assigned to 04 skills in the questionnaire. The collected data were properly tabulated and processed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings of the study indicated that sport has produced a positive role in the development of life skills among athletes as compared with non-athletes. This finding can be helpful for those who intend to develop and promote the sport in their respective areas. It has been concluded that participants acknowledged the role that sport has essential in the development of life skills such as interpersonal relationships (2.90), stress management (2.37), decision making (2.66), and problem-solving skills (2.49). However, it was noticed that urban school athletes produced a higher mean score on one life skill such as interpersonal relationships (2.93) and the rest of life skills mean scores are lower. It is recommended that school sports participation of girls may be ensured/enhanced to develop and promote the positive life skills necessary for products as well as a dynamic role in society.
{"title":"Comparison of Life Skills between Intercollegiate Athletes and Non-Athletes of Government Girls Higher Secondary Schools of District Mardan, Pakistan","authors":"A. W. Mughal, Asia Noor, Tasleem Arif","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2505","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the life skills about interpersonal relationship skills, stress management skills, and decision-making skills amongst intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes of government girls’ higher secondary schools in district Mardan, Pakistan. The researcher followed a descriptive survey research design to meet the set objectives of the study. girl athletes and non-athletes from Government Higher Secondary schools of District, Mardan with age range 15-21 years of class 9th, 10th, 1st year, and 2nd year constituted the target population for the current study. A close-ended adapted questionnaire University of Pretoria (South Africa) using a Likert scale from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” was used to collect the required information from the participants consisting of girls’ athletes and non-athletes from government higher secondary schools of district, Mardan. A total of 568 questionnaires were administered among the participants and 468 questionnaires with (an 82.39%) ratios were received back. For an inclusive assessment of life skills, different attributes were labeled to each life skill, whereas all 34 items were assigned to 04 skills in the questionnaire. The collected data were properly tabulated and processed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings of the study indicated that sport has produced a positive role in the development of life skills among athletes as compared with non-athletes. This finding can be helpful for those who intend to develop and promote the sport in their respective areas. It has been concluded that participants acknowledged the role that sport has essential in the development of life skills such as interpersonal relationships (2.90), stress management (2.37), decision making (2.66), and problem-solving skills (2.49). However, it was noticed that urban school athletes produced a higher mean score on one life skill such as interpersonal relationships (2.93) and the rest of life skills mean scores are lower. It is recommended that school sports participation of girls may be ensured/enhanced to develop and promote the positive life skills necessary for products as well as a dynamic role in society.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-17DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2546
Y. Tabassum, Sofia Amjad, Badar Mohy ud Din
High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIRT) is posited to augment various attributes essential for football performance, including strength, power, speed, agility, and endurance. HIRT has potential implications for injury prevention, thereby contributing to enhanced on-field performance. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an eight-week HIRT regimen on the physical attributes of male university-level football players. Employing a randomized controlled design, this study involved 24 football players, aged between 19 and 25 years from University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, participants were assessed both prior to and throughout the intervention, which encompassed three training sessions weekly. Physical fitness parameters assessed included the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1), the 30-meter sprint time (ST), the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), and the Change of Direction time (COD). Subsequent to the eight-week HIRT intervention, a significant difference was noted in all variables for the experimental group between pre-and post-test measurements.
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training on Physical Fitness of University Male Football Players","authors":"Y. Tabassum, Sofia Amjad, Badar Mohy ud Din","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2546","url":null,"abstract":"High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIRT) is posited to augment various attributes essential for football performance, including strength, power, speed, agility, and endurance. HIRT has potential implications for injury prevention, thereby contributing to enhanced on-field performance. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an eight-week HIRT regimen on the physical attributes of male university-level football players. Employing a randomized controlled design, this study involved 24 football players, aged between 19 and 25 years from University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, participants were assessed both prior to and throughout the intervention, which encompassed three training sessions weekly. Physical fitness parameters assessed included the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1), the 30-meter sprint time (ST), the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), and the Change of Direction time (COD). Subsequent to the eight-week HIRT intervention, a significant difference was noted in all variables for the experimental group between pre-and post-test measurements.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"355 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2616
Syed Muhammad Bilal Gillani, Soniha Aslam
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of natural daily adequate protein intake on the anaerobic power of bodybuilders undergoing an 8-week resistance training program. Thirty-one participants were randomly assigned to a group (n=31) who consumed their daily protein requirements from their regular diet. Participants' age, height, weight, and BMI were measured before and after the program. The anaerobic power of all participants was assessed pre- and post-8-week resistance training program through tests including 1 RM (Bench Press), 1 RM (Squats), 30-meter sprint test, Vertical Jump Test, and Peak Power Test (wingate test). The results showed a significant improvement in the anaerobic power of participants after the 8-week program. These findings suggest that natural daily adequate protein intake from regular diet can lead to significant improvements in anaerobic power of bodybuilders undergoing an 8-week resistance training program. Therefore, coaches and athletes can focus on a balanced, nutrient-dense diet to meet their protein needs and enhance their anaerobic power without relying solely on protein supplements.
{"title":"The Role of Natural Protein Adequate Intake in Enhancing Anaerobic Power for Bodybuilders following an 8-Week Resistance Training Program","authors":"Syed Muhammad Bilal Gillani, Soniha Aslam","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2616","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of natural daily adequate protein intake on the anaerobic power of bodybuilders undergoing an 8-week resistance training program. Thirty-one participants were randomly assigned to a group (n=31) who consumed their daily protein requirements from their regular diet. Participants' age, height, weight, and BMI were measured before and after the program. The anaerobic power of all participants was assessed pre- and post-8-week resistance training program through tests including 1 RM (Bench Press), 1 RM (Squats), 30-meter sprint test, Vertical Jump Test, and Peak Power Test (wingate test). The results showed a significant improvement in the anaerobic power of participants after the 8-week program. These findings suggest that natural daily adequate protein intake from regular diet can lead to significant improvements in anaerobic power of bodybuilders undergoing an 8-week resistance training program. Therefore, coaches and athletes can focus on a balanced, nutrient-dense diet to meet their protein needs and enhance their anaerobic power without relying solely on protein supplements.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78890077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2351
A. Qureshi, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt, M. Jamil
The study in hands aimed to assess the learning disabilities of physical education students and to suggest future implications. The study population comprised all the sports sciences and physical education students at the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan University. Thus, three hundred students were taken as samples using available sampling techniques. For the collection of data, a Likert-type scale comprised of questions about four different learning disabilities, i.e. dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia and dyslexia. The collected data were processed through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-26); thus, appropriate statistical tools were used for analysis. After data analysis, the researcher concluded that dyscalculia as a learning was found to be the most common learning problem among the students. Based on the conclusion, the researcher recommended that sports sciences and physical education students need special attention in mathematical activities compared to all other academic subjects.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING DISABILITIES FOR FUTURE IMPLICATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS","authors":"A. Qureshi, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt, M. Jamil","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2351","url":null,"abstract":"The study in hands aimed to assess the learning disabilities of physical education students and to suggest future implications. The study population comprised all the sports sciences and physical education students at the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan University. Thus, three hundred students were taken as samples using available sampling techniques. For the collection of data, a Likert-type scale comprised of questions about four different learning disabilities, i.e. dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia and dyslexia. The collected data were processed through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-26); thus, appropriate statistical tools were used for analysis. After data analysis, the researcher concluded that dyscalculia as a learning was found to be the most common learning problem among the students. Based on the conclusion, the researcher recommended that sports sciences and physical education students need special attention in mathematical activities compared to all other academic subjects. ","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84638863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2184
I. Hussain, Amena Batool, Ayesha Iftikhar
Objective: To determine the association between physical activities, working activities, length of menstrual flow and interpersonal bonds with premenstrual tension symptoms and also the correlation of stress with physical activity levels were studied. Methods: Analytical study was conducted on 71 PMTS women with a history of dysmenorrhea and stress presented at least 1-2 weeks premenstrual and reported at least for two consecutive menstrual cycles excluding women with tumours, gynaecological and endocrinological disorders. The study was conducted from (May to October 2022) at Basic Health Unit (Vario, Sialkot). A Modified Moos Menstrual Distress questionnaire (MDQ) and a self-designed questionnaire were used to collect the data. The results were analyzed using SPSS software 22 version. Results: Mean age was 24.01±4.062 yr. The length of menstrual flow days was reported as 3 to 5 days (N= 33, 46.5%). Participants (N=41, 57.7%) had severe PMTS with (N=47, 66.2%) preferring to isolate themselves as interference of the symptoms, (N= 43, 60.6%) had stress eating. Chi-square test was observed for the PMTS symptom of pain with recreational and levels of physical activity (p=0.003 0.05); (p=0.00), Impaired concentration (p=0.001 0.05); (p=0.012) and negative effects (p=0.034 0.05); (p=0.02) whereas no significant association was found for behaviour, autonomic reactions and water retention symptoms. Length of menstrual flow (p=0.009) and working activities (p=0.025)were also correlated (p-value 0.05 )with physical activity. However, Spear's man correlation between physical activity level and PMTS-induced stress had a weak correlation (p=0.036). Conclusion: Recreational and active levels of physical activity effectively reduce the severity of premenstrual tension symptoms.
{"title":"Association between Premenstrual tension syndrome and menstruation distress with physical activity: Analytical study","authors":"I. Hussain, Amena Batool, Ayesha Iftikhar","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v7i0.2184","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the association between physical activities, working activities, length of menstrual flow and interpersonal bonds with premenstrual tension symptoms and also the correlation of stress with physical activity levels were studied. \u0000Methods: Analytical study was conducted on 71 PMTS women with a history of dysmenorrhea and stress presented at least 1-2 weeks premenstrual and reported at least for two consecutive menstrual cycles excluding women with tumours, gynaecological and endocrinological disorders. The study was conducted from (May to October 2022) at Basic Health Unit (Vario, Sialkot). A Modified Moos Menstrual Distress questionnaire (MDQ) and a self-designed questionnaire were used to collect the data. The results were analyzed using SPSS software 22 version. \u0000Results: Mean age was 24.01±4.062 yr. The length of menstrual flow days was reported as 3 to 5 days (N= 33, 46.5%). Participants (N=41, 57.7%) had severe PMTS with (N=47, 66.2%) preferring to isolate themselves as interference of the symptoms, (N= 43, 60.6%) had stress eating. Chi-square test was observed for the PMTS symptom of pain with recreational and levels of physical activity (p=0.003 0.05); (p=0.00), Impaired concentration (p=0.001 0.05); (p=0.012) and negative effects (p=0.034 0.05); (p=0.02) whereas no significant association was found for behaviour, autonomic reactions and water retention symptoms. Length of menstrual flow (p=0.009) and working activities (p=0.025)were also correlated (p-value 0.05 )with physical activity. However, Spear's man correlation between physical activity level and PMTS-induced stress had a weak correlation (p=0.036). \u0000Conclusion: Recreational and active levels of physical activity effectively reduce the severity of premenstrual tension symptoms.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84803810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.2217
S. Kamal
Childhood obesity and malnutrition have taken up prime importance for the medical community. This becomes much more important for the sport academies, who like to train and to groom national and international athletes. As early as the turn of this century, Ludwig (2007) discussed 4 phases of obesity pandemic, deliberating upon their long-term effects. Phase I, from 1970 till 2007, would have cases of obesity on rise due to lack of awareness of its damaging effects. After 2007, Phase II would appear with grave medical conditions as type-II diabetes, fatty lever and a number of psychosocial problems. In Phase III, the situation would, further, deteriorate and life-threatening diseases, like coronary heart disease, kidney failure and many more would increase mortality rate and shorten life expectancy of population of the United States. In Phase IV, the prevalence of weight-related diseases would accelerate more resulting in non-genetic influences in children, if such a trend continued. In an e-communication to Rafia Imtiaz (student of the author), Ludwig explained, “Phase IV of the epidemic would develop slowing over time, as obese children grow up and give birth to the next generation of children.” A year earlier, Collins et al. (2006) described programs for management of severe acute malnutrition in children. The author and his group have been working in devising solutions of childhood obesity-and-malnutrition since the turn of this century. The first- to the tenth-generation solutions have been proposed from 2013 to this year (Kamal, 2022b). The prime challenges are (a) weight management according to the height, computed from Growth-and-Obesity Roadmaps, within the next half-a-year, so that the youngster does not become wasted based on recommendations according to the most-recently-measured height and (b) absence of a proper definition of obesity in children. Professor Claude Marcus, Head, Division of Pediatrics, Karoliska University Hospital, National Childhood Obesity Center, Karoliska Institutet, Sweden, commented on the author’s proposed definition of childhood obesity (Kamal, 2017): “Thank you very much. We are deeply concerned about how to define obesity and degree of obesity so we can follow effects of treatment over time and association with co-morbidities. The present obesity curves are unreliable and we are now trying to identify new ways to follow obese children over time. Therefore, your paper is welcome to us.” These solutions have extended nutritional-status categories from pre-2014, three to twenty three in 2021, differentiating between instantaneous obesity (wasting) and true obesity (wasting), combined with instantaneous tallness (stunting) and true tallness (stunting). Severity of acute malnutrition is categorized as mild, intermediate and extreme, in order to make it easy to devise appropriate intervention strategies (Kamal, 2022b). These efforts have paid off in terms of saving the life of a cardiac patient (Kamal, 2015) and
{"title":"Guest Editorial-SOLUTIONS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY-AND-MALNUTRITION","authors":"S. Kamal","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.2217","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood obesity and malnutrition have taken up prime importance for the medical community. This becomes much more important for the sport academies, who like to train and to groom national and international athletes. As early as the turn of this century, Ludwig (2007) discussed 4 phases of obesity pandemic, deliberating upon their long-term effects. Phase I, from 1970 till 2007, would have cases of obesity on rise due to lack of awareness of its damaging effects. After 2007, Phase II would appear with grave medical conditions as type-II diabetes, fatty lever and a number of psychosocial problems. In Phase III, the situation would, further, deteriorate and life-threatening diseases, like coronary heart disease, kidney failure and many more would increase mortality rate and shorten life expectancy of population of the United States. In Phase IV, the prevalence of weight-related diseases would accelerate more resulting in non-genetic influences in children, if such a trend continued. In an e-communication to Rafia Imtiaz (student of the author), Ludwig explained, “Phase IV of the epidemic would develop slowing over time, as obese children grow up and give birth to the next generation of children.” A year earlier, Collins et al. (2006) described programs for management of severe acute malnutrition in children. \u0000The author and his group have been working in devising solutions of childhood obesity-and-malnutrition since the turn of this century. The first- to the tenth-generation solutions have been proposed from 2013 to this year (Kamal, 2022b). The prime challenges are (a) weight management according to the height, computed from Growth-and-Obesity Roadmaps, within the next half-a-year, so that the youngster does not become wasted based on recommendations according to the most-recently-measured height and (b) absence of a proper definition of obesity in children. Professor Claude Marcus, Head, Division of Pediatrics, Karoliska University Hospital, National Childhood Obesity Center, Karoliska Institutet, Sweden, commented on the author’s proposed definition of childhood obesity (Kamal, 2017): “Thank you very much. We are deeply concerned about how to define obesity and degree of obesity so we can follow effects of treatment over time and association with co-morbidities. The present obesity curves are unreliable and we are now trying to identify new ways to follow obese children over time. Therefore, your paper is welcome to us.” These solutions have extended nutritional-status categories from pre-2014, three to twenty three in 2021, differentiating between instantaneous obesity (wasting) and true obesity (wasting), combined with instantaneous tallness (stunting) and true tallness (stunting). Severity of acute malnutrition is categorized as mild, intermediate and extreme, in order to make it easy to devise appropriate intervention strategies (Kamal, 2022b). \u0000These efforts have paid off in terms of saving the life of a cardiac patient (Kamal, 2015) and","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85487256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1838
Shabina Kauser, Bilal Ahmed, Soniha Aslam
Background: The moderate intensity training sessions have a vital role towards the body composition and aerobic fitness of college level recreationally active female students or biggners in fitness journey. Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze the effect of the moderate intensity training sessions on body composition and aerobic fitness of the female students. Methodology: An experimental Pre-test Post-test study Design was used. A sample of fourteen female students aged 17-20 years were selected to participate (n-14) through simple random sampling from the Govt degree colleges for Women Alipur Chattha, Gujranwal. A moderate continuous intensity level training of 8 weeks were given to the participants. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: The average age of the participants was 18.28±1.2 years; the average height of the participants was 158.5±11.85 cm. Difference in distance, 132.71±26.94 m, difference in VO2, 2.97± 0.62, difference in weight 1.51±0.38 kg, difference in BMI 0.59±0.21, and difference in waist 1.39±0.53 inches were observed after the training sessions. T and p-values confirms that training sessions have significant (p<0.05) effect on all the study variables of the participants. Conclusion(s): It is concluded that 8 weeks moderate intensity level of continuous training has significant effect on body composition and aerobic fitness of the female students.
背景:中等强度训练对高校娱乐性活动女生及以上大学生健身过程中的身体成分和有氧健身具有重要作用。目的:分析中等强度训练对女大学生身体组成和有氧健身的影响。方法:采用实验前测后测研究设计。通过简单随机抽样，从古杰兰瓦尔阿利布尔查塔的政府女子学位学院选择了14名年龄在17-20岁之间的女学生参加(n-14)。对参与者进行为期8周的中等强度连续训练。使用SPSS version 23进行数据分析。结果:参与者平均年龄为18.28±1.2岁;参与者的平均身高为158.5±11.85 cm。训练后距离差异为132.71±26.94 m, VO2差异为2.97±0.62，体重差异为1.51±0.38 kg, BMI差异为0.59±0.21，腰围差异为1.39±0.53英寸。T和p值证实训练课程对参与者的所有研究变量都有显著(p<0.05)的影响。结论:8周中等强度水平的连续训练对女学生的身体组成和有氧健康有显著影响。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON BODY COMPOSITION AND AEROBIC FITNESS IN FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS","authors":"Shabina Kauser, Bilal Ahmed, Soniha Aslam","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1838","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The moderate intensity training sessions have a vital role towards the body composition and aerobic fitness of college level recreationally active female students or biggners in fitness journey. \u0000Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze the effect of the moderate intensity training sessions on body composition and aerobic fitness of the female students. \u0000Methodology: An experimental Pre-test Post-test study Design was used. A sample of fourteen female students aged 17-20 years were selected to participate (n-14) through simple random sampling from the Govt degree colleges for Women Alipur Chattha, Gujranwal. A moderate continuous intensity level training of 8 weeks were given to the participants. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. \u0000Results: The average age of the participants was 18.28±1.2 years; the average height of the participants was 158.5±11.85 cm. Difference in distance, 132.71±26.94 m, difference in VO2, 2.97± 0.62, difference in weight 1.51±0.38 kg, difference in BMI 0.59±0.21, and difference in waist 1.39±0.53 inches were observed after the training sessions. T and p-values confirms that training sessions have significant (p<0.05) effect on all the study variables of the participants. \u0000Conclusion(s): It is concluded that 8 weeks moderate intensity level of continuous training has significant effect on body composition and aerobic fitness of the female students.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87986558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.2202
Zeeshan Habib, Muhammad Aslam Khan, S. A. Khan
The current study was conducted to examine the effects of aerobic training versus cross-training upon cardio-respiratory endurance of middle distance runners. A total of 60 male college’s badminton players between the age of 18-21 years participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups, Experimental Group (EG) n=40 and Control Group (CG) n=20. The EG was further divided into Aerobic Training A and Cross Training B. EG was given prescribed training, while CG remained as usual. Data were collected two times; T1 pre-test and T2 post-test after eight weeks. T-test was applied to measure the statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test results. There is significant effect of cross training on cardiovascular fitness of middle distance runners aged 17 to 24 years. The effect of cross training was measured as a dominant training method for the cardiovascular fitness of middle distance runners as compare to aerobic training and control group. Before the treatments the groups were same in cardiovascular endurance but due to aerobic training and cross training the middle distance runners reduce their weight and BMI as well as improve their cardiovascular endurance after the treatment.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING VERSUS CROSS-TRAINING UPON CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE OF MIDDLE DISTANCE RUNNERS","authors":"Zeeshan Habib, Muhammad Aslam Khan, S. A. Khan","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.2202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.2202","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to examine the effects of aerobic training versus cross-training upon cardio-respiratory endurance of middle distance runners. A total of 60 male college’s badminton players between the age of 18-21 years participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups, Experimental Group (EG) n=40 and Control Group (CG) n=20. The EG was further divided into Aerobic Training A and Cross Training B. EG was given prescribed training, while CG remained as usual. Data were collected two times; T1 pre-test and T2 post-test after eight weeks. T-test was applied to measure the statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test results. There is significant effect of cross training on cardiovascular fitness of middle distance runners aged 17 to 24 years. The effect of cross training was measured as a dominant training method for the cardiovascular fitness of middle distance runners as compare to aerobic training and control group. Before the treatments the groups were same in cardiovascular endurance but due to aerobic training and cross training the middle distance runners reduce their weight and BMI as well as improve their cardiovascular endurance after the treatment.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90723222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1837
Basit Ali, Syed Muhammad Bilal Gillani, Muhammad Zeeshan Butt
A soccer match makes heavy demands on both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Elite players run 8–12 km during a game. Nevertheless, anaerobic metabolism is also crucial in sprints, jumps, and tackles. Many studies have stated that aerobic and anaerobic strength are significant features in soccer games. During a soccer match, soccer team members performed 60 to 70 runs from 12 to 15 m. Sprint running success, with or without the ball, is therefore a significant factor that can explain a winning team's supremacy. In essential ball duals, sprint could be key. In certain cases, the player should be quicker and more effective than the opponent to score goals or to avoid goals being scored. In addition, acceleration and speed can enhance skills vital to soccer, such as turning, sprinting, and changing tempo, by improving strength in appropriate muscles or muscle groups. The study was to evaluate the effect of isometric squat exercise on sprint performance of football players. The sample of 60 student were selected from the population of University of Lahore football team. Within 3 to 5 days after base training pre-test will be conducted in the morning by using 40-yard dash test. Post-test will be conducted after completion of Isometric Squat exercise training sessions. The results show that, differences between the two test 40 Yard Dash Test Post-Test of Experimental Group and 40 Yard Dash Test Post-Test of Control Group. This research study discovered that there was a statistically significant improvement in sprint performance by using Isometric Squat exercise Program.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC SQUAT EXERCISE ON SPRINT PERFORMANCE OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS","authors":"Basit Ali, Syed Muhammad Bilal Gillani, Muhammad Zeeshan Butt","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1837","url":null,"abstract":"A soccer match makes heavy demands on both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Elite players run 8–12 km during a game. Nevertheless, anaerobic metabolism is also crucial in sprints, jumps, and tackles. Many studies have stated that aerobic and anaerobic strength are significant features in soccer games. During a soccer match, soccer team members performed 60 to 70 runs from 12 to 15 m. Sprint running success, with or without the ball, is therefore a significant factor that can explain a winning team's supremacy. In essential ball duals, sprint could be key. In certain cases, the player should be quicker and more effective than the opponent to score goals or to avoid goals being scored. In addition, acceleration and speed can enhance skills vital to soccer, such as turning, sprinting, and changing tempo, by improving strength in appropriate muscles or muscle groups. The study was to evaluate the effect of isometric squat exercise on sprint performance of football players. The sample of 60 student were selected from the population of University of Lahore football team. Within 3 to 5 days after base training pre-test will be conducted in the morning by using 40-yard dash test. Post-test will be conducted after completion of Isometric Squat exercise training sessions. The results show that, differences between the two test 40 Yard Dash Test Post-Test of Experimental Group and 40 Yard Dash Test Post-Test of Control Group. This research study discovered that there was a statistically significant improvement in sprint performance by using Isometric Squat exercise Program.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88331912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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