Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.821
Asif Ali, M. Azam, Asad Shaikh
The purpose of this analytical study was to synthesize existing evidence relating to the association of exercise or physical activity with academic burnout in students. Relevant articles were systematically and rigorously searched using ten research databases. Following screening for relevancy, ten studies (eight cross-sectional, one cohort, and one interventional) were selected to include for final synthesis. All of the cross-sectional studies had good or satisfactory quality ratings, and the cohort and interventional studies included in this review had moderate to strong quality ratings. Six out of eight cross-sectional studies showed an inverse relationship of physical activity or exercise with academic burnout with the exception of two studies showed no significant associations. The cohort and interventional studies also demonstrated negative relationships of physical activity with academic burnout. The findings are likely to provide some evidence that physical activity may be capable to reduce academic burnout in students.
{"title":"Physical Exercise to Combat Academic Burnout in Students","authors":"Asif Ali, M. Azam, Asad Shaikh","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.821","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this analytical study was to synthesize existing evidence relating to the association of exercise or physical activity with academic burnout in students. Relevant articles were systematically and rigorously searched using ten research databases. Following screening for relevancy, ten studies (eight cross-sectional, one cohort, and one interventional) were selected to include for final synthesis. All of the cross-sectional studies had good or satisfactory quality ratings, and the cohort and interventional studies included in this review had moderate to strong quality ratings. Six out of eight cross-sectional studies showed an inverse relationship of physical activity or exercise with academic burnout with the exception of two studies showed no significant associations. The cohort and interventional studies also demonstrated negative relationships of physical activity with academic burnout. The findings are likely to provide some evidence that physical activity may be capable to reduce academic burnout in students.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91146637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.817
Muhammad Ashfaq, A. Khan, Nasir Ahmed Khaskheli
The study was designed to evaluate the role of co-curricular activities (CCA) creating qualities of leadership among secondary schools students in F.R Kohat (Sub Division Dara) ex Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA). The function of this study was to discover the leadership ability in students consider they learned through sports and co-curricular activities and to validate how those skill are used in the institute to resolve whether those skills enhance the leadership experience of students. The results of this study provide information which can assist learner dealings partakers who are looking for conduct to help learner make the correlation linking the co-curricular and curricular leadership experience. A sample size of 200 subjects was chosen from 10 high schools in the Frontier Region Kohat on the root of opportunity sampling method. A questionnaire of five points Likert Scale after in quest of due authorization from Principals and Head Masters was used to reach to the in detail of the observable fact. Numerical techniques Mean, Percentage and Standard Deviation were run to examine the composed data. The investigator analyzes the connection between co-curricular involvement and its positive role creating qualities of leadership among secondary school students. Research also reveals that CCA create self confidence among students and makes students more popular. Culmination from this study endow with confirmation of the worth of co-curricular leadership training and its contact on curricular experience. Finally it was concluded that many students who were engaged in sports and co-curricular activities also reported being engaged in leadership positions within their team, club, or organization serving in lead roles such as, captain of a sport team. It was also came in knowledge that those students who participated in these activities are bold and they are ready to face any type of challenge in future. It is further added that current prime minister of Pakistan Imran Khan was a sportsman and also leaded Pakistan’s cricket team and won world cricket cup in 1992.
{"title":"Role of Co-curricular activities creating qualities of leadership among Secondary Schools Students in Ex FATA","authors":"Muhammad Ashfaq, A. Khan, Nasir Ahmed Khaskheli","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.817","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to evaluate the role of co-curricular activities (CCA) creating qualities of leadership among secondary schools students in F.R Kohat (Sub Division Dara) ex Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA). The function of this study was to discover the leadership ability in students consider they learned through sports and co-curricular activities and to validate how those skill are used in the institute to resolve whether those skills enhance the leadership experience of students. The results of this study provide information which can assist learner dealings partakers who are looking for conduct to help learner make the correlation linking the co-curricular and curricular leadership experience. \u0000 A sample size of 200 subjects was chosen from 10 high schools in the Frontier Region Kohat on the root of opportunity sampling method. A questionnaire of five points Likert Scale after in quest of due authorization from Principals and Head Masters was used to reach to the in detail of the observable fact. Numerical techniques Mean, Percentage and Standard Deviation were run to examine the composed data. The investigator analyzes the connection between co-curricular involvement and its positive role creating qualities of leadership among secondary school students. \u0000 Research also reveals that CCA create self confidence among students and makes students more popular. Culmination from this study endow with confirmation of the worth of co-curricular leadership training and its contact on curricular experience. \u0000Finally it was concluded that many students who were engaged in sports and co-curricular activities also reported being engaged in leadership positions within their team, club, or organization serving in lead roles such as, captain of a sport team. It was also came in knowledge that those students who participated in these activities are bold and they are ready to face any type of challenge in future. \u0000It is further added that current prime minister of Pakistan Imran Khan was a sportsman and also leaded Pakistan’s cricket team and won world cricket cup in 1992.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"2001 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82826849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.841
W. Khan, Tasleem Arif, Sardar Sohail Nasir
This research was carried out to explore the socio-cultural determinants of students’ sports participation at university level of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This cross-sectional survey research study was conducted on 264 students of both Public and Private sector universities through stratified random probability sampling. After exclusion of unusable questionnaires, 256 correctly filled questionnaires were used in the data analysis. A valid and reliable self-administered structured questionnaire encompassing all the aspects of the study was used for collecting required data. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; a) personal information b) questions about social-cultural determinants of students’ sport participation. A computer software of SPSS, version 24 was used to analyze the collected data. Results indicated a moderate negative correlation between socio-cultural determinants and students’ sports participation (P=0.03, r=-0.57). Also, the students’ sports participation was negatively predicted by socio-cultural determinants (p < .05). In addition, female student-athletes reported higher mean score compared with male student-athletes on socio-cultural determinants of students’ sports participation (p < .05). Given the negative relationship between socio-cultural determinants and students’ sports participation, it is necessary to create awareness among parents, teachers and eminent scholars regarding the benefits of sports participation. This can be done with the help of local seminars and public speaking in different parts of the province.
{"title":"Socio-cultural Determinants of Students’ Participation in Sport; Implications for the Development of University Sport in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan","authors":"W. Khan, Tasleem Arif, Sardar Sohail Nasir","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.841","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to explore the socio-cultural determinants of students’ sports participation at university level of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This cross-sectional survey research study was conducted on 264 students of both Public and Private sector universities through stratified random probability sampling. After exclusion of unusable questionnaires, 256 correctly filled questionnaires were used in the data analysis. A valid and reliable self-administered structured questionnaire encompassing all the aspects of the study was used for collecting required data. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; a) personal information b) questions about social-cultural determinants of students’ sport participation. A computer software of SPSS, version 24 was used to analyze the collected data. Results indicated a moderate negative correlation between socio-cultural determinants and students’ sports participation (P=0.03, r=-0.57). Also, the students’ sports participation was negatively predicted by socio-cultural determinants (p < .05). In addition, female student-athletes reported higher mean score compared with male student-athletes on socio-cultural determinants of students’ sports participation (p < .05). Given the negative relationship between socio-cultural determinants and students’ sports participation, it is necessary to create awareness among parents, teachers and eminent scholars regarding the benefits of sports participation. This can be done with the help of local seminars and public speaking in different parts of the province.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.814
S. Javed, A. Naseer, Qasid Naveed
The present research was aimed to determine the contribution of social and ecological barriers of the sports participation by female student athletes of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The research was purely quantitative. Population was all female students studying in 1st year to 4th year grades. Systematic random sampling was applied to select the respondents. Initial sample size consisted of 500 female student athletes through ‘K’ value of systematic sampling belonging to 17 women colleges of Southern Punjab districts. Therefore, from the 500 survey questionnaires distributed to the female athletes, 365 were correctly completed and returned. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were employed on collected data to test the hypotheses. The findings of the research indicated that social and ecological barriers had significantly and positively contributed to the outcome variable (sports participation of female student athletes). All hypotheses were accepted at a highly significant level (0.01). It was concluded that social barriers have greater significant effects on sports participation of university female student athletes than ecological barriers.
{"title":"Social and Ecological Barriers of Sports Participation by College Female Student Athletes","authors":"S. Javed, A. Naseer, Qasid Naveed","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.814","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was aimed to determine the contribution of social and ecological barriers of the sports participation by female student athletes of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The research was purely quantitative. Population was all female students studying in 1st year to 4th year grades. Systematic random sampling was applied to select the respondents. Initial sample size consisted of 500 female student athletes through ‘K’ value of systematic sampling belonging to 17 women colleges of Southern Punjab districts. Therefore, from the 500 survey questionnaires distributed to the female athletes, 365 were correctly completed and returned. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were employed on collected data to test the hypotheses. The findings of the research indicated that social and ecological barriers had significantly and positively contributed to the outcome variable (sports participation of female student athletes). All hypotheses were accepted at a highly significant level (0.01). It was concluded that social barriers have greater significant effects on sports participation of university female student athletes than ecological barriers.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"515 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77103548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.815
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt, Muhammad Abdul Jabar Adnan, Qandeel Mughal
Sports have bit by bit turned into a necessary piece of understudy life. It is a well-acknowledged thought that sports support increments physical wellness and improves wellbeing. The constructive outcomes of physical movement on wellbeing and prosperity have been seen in different researches. The current study has the objective to explore perception of students about effects of sports participation on failures in general life. The nature of the study was quantitative in which data was collected through questionnaire (Close ended) having 20 items, quality of which was categorized on 5-point Likert Type Scale. The population was University students and sample was collected from 200 (n=200) male and female students of University of the Punjab, Lahore using simple random sampling technique. Overall results showed that sports participation may not cause mismanagement in students’ life (Sig. .000), sports participation is not the waste of time (Sig. .000), involvement in university athletics has helped students’ health (Sig. .000), overall career development, socialization, eradication of feelings of loneness (Sig. .000), confidence, mental health, motivation towards success (Sig. .000), physiological and psychological wellbeing (Sig. .000), daily, life style, life barriers management (Sig. .000) in positive way. It is recommended that sports should be the integral part of any academic program or otherwise should be made compulsory along with academic activities in different academic disciplines in all age groups.
{"title":"Effect of Sports Participation on Failure in General Life-An Exploratory Study","authors":"Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt, Muhammad Abdul Jabar Adnan, Qandeel Mughal","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.815","url":null,"abstract":"Sports have bit by bit turned into a necessary piece of understudy life. It is a well-acknowledged thought that sports support increments physical wellness and improves wellbeing. The constructive outcomes of physical movement on wellbeing and prosperity have been seen in different researches. The current study has the objective to explore perception of students about effects of sports participation on failures in general life. The nature of the study was quantitative in which data was collected through questionnaire (Close ended) having 20 items, quality of which was categorized on 5-point Likert Type Scale. The population was University students and sample was collected from 200 (n=200) male and female students of University of the Punjab, Lahore using simple random sampling technique. Overall results showed that sports participation may not cause mismanagement in students’ life (Sig. .000), sports participation is not the waste of time (Sig. .000), involvement in university athletics has helped students’ health (Sig. .000), overall career development, socialization, eradication of feelings of loneness (Sig. .000), confidence, mental health, motivation towards success (Sig. .000), physiological and psychological wellbeing (Sig. .000), daily, life style, life barriers management (Sig. .000) in positive way. It is recommended that sports should be the integral part of any academic program or otherwise should be made compulsory along with academic activities in different academic disciplines in all age groups.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83378244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.819
Yasir Iqbal, M. B. Habib, M. Adeeb
This research aims to measure the impact of attitude towards physical activity (PA) and exercise on academic performance of school students. The cross sectional and correlational research method were employed. The population of this research was school students of District Sargodha. The total of 307 (154 Male and 153 Female) school students were selected using convenient sampling technique for gathered the data. The attitude towards physical activities questionnaire using to measure the students’ attitude towards PA and exercise; and academic performance was measured through last year academic result of student. The data of this research was analyzed by SPSS (24.0). The results of bivariate correlation revealed positive significant correlation between PA and exercise with academic performance among school students. Students who maximum participate in PA and exercise, they secure better academic marks in their annual exams. Further, the results of linear regression found that PA and exercise significantly impact on academic performance of students. In gender, boys and girls are same in PA and exercise but girls are significantly better than boys in academic performance. This research would be helpful for teachers, physical and sports teachers, psychologist, parents and government agencies for policy making.
{"title":"Impact of Attitude Towards Physical Activity and Exercise on Academic Performance of School Students","authors":"Yasir Iqbal, M. B. Habib, M. Adeeb","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.819","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to measure the impact of attitude towards physical activity (PA) and exercise on academic performance of school students. The cross sectional and correlational research method were employed. The population of this research was school students of District Sargodha. The total of 307 (154 Male and 153 Female) school students were selected using convenient sampling technique for gathered the data. The attitude towards physical activities questionnaire using to measure the students’ attitude towards PA and exercise; and academic performance was measured through last year academic result of student. The data of this research was analyzed by SPSS (24.0). The results of bivariate correlation revealed positive significant correlation between PA and exercise with academic performance among school students. Students who maximum participate in PA and exercise, they secure better academic marks in their annual exams. Further, the results of linear regression found that PA and exercise significantly impact on academic performance of students. In gender, boys and girls are same in PA and exercise but girls are significantly better than boys in academic performance. This research would be helpful for teachers, physical and sports teachers, psychologist, parents and government agencies for policy making.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87880987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.822
B. Mir, Mohammed Abdul Bari
The purpose of present study is to compare flexibility and speed among inter university men handball & hockey players. For the purpose of study was conducted on 100 men Handball and Hockey players of different universities of western India representing in West zone inter university Handball and Hockey championships. The subjects where divides in to two age groups 18-22 years (50 samples) and 23-28 years (50 samples). For measuring flexibility forward bent and reach test was used and for measuring speed fifty yards test was used. The statistical mean, standard deviation and t-test was used to measure flexibility and speed among inter university men hand ball & hockey players. The result of the flexibility and speed study revealed that handball men players and hockey men players age of 18-22 years found no significant difference in flexibility but significant difference found in speed. The result also revealed that handball men players and hockey men players age group of 23-28 years found no significant difference in flexibility and speed.
{"title":"Comparison of flexibility and speed among inter university men handball players and hockey players","authors":"B. Mir, Mohammed Abdul Bari","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.822","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of present study is to compare flexibility and speed among inter university men handball & hockey players. For the purpose of study was conducted on 100 men Handball and Hockey players of different universities of western India representing in West zone inter university Handball and Hockey championships. The subjects where divides in to two age groups 18-22 years (50 samples) and 23-28 years (50 samples). For measuring flexibility forward bent and reach test was used and for measuring speed fifty yards test was used. The statistical mean, standard deviation and t-test was used to measure flexibility and speed among inter university men hand ball & hockey players. The result of the flexibility and speed study revealed that handball men players and hockey men players age of 18-22 years found no significant difference in flexibility but significant difference found in speed. The result also revealed that handball men players and hockey men players age group of 23-28 years found no significant difference in flexibility and speed.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80718216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v3i0.233
Dr. Mohmoud Mohammed Ahmed, Prof. Elsadig Yousif Elbadawi
Background: Anemia is a condition characterized by reduction in thevolume of red blood cells and a decrease in the blood concentration of haemoglobin (less than 11gm/dl). Haemoglobin is a main part of red blood cells and binds oxygen. This can lead to range of adverse symptoms. The most common cause of anemia worldwide is an iron deficiency. This study attempted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among children 6 to 59 months of age in Gadaref State, and to determine the related factors, which include socio demographic factors and nutritional status of children. Patients and Methods: A total of 384 children 6 to 59 months of age wereincluded in this cross sectional (community based) study in Gadaref State. The data was collected by interviewing mothers through questionnaire, clinical examination, and blood examination. Data was analyzed by the computer using SPSS.version16. Chi-Square test was used for testing significance. P=0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Results: Forty eight percent of children were anemic; there is a significantrelation between anemia and nutrition of children in this age. Malnutrition was related to anemia in the affected children; 35.1 % of anemic children had mild malnutrition, 23.8% and17.3% had moderate and severe malnutrition subsequently. Social factors related to anemia in children in Gadaref State are: family income, size of the family and mother education. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in children 6 to 59 months of age InGadaref State is high. It is more frequent in the age group of 23 months to 59 months; females are affected more than males. There is an association between anemia and nutritional status of children.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN 6 TO 59 MONTHS OF AGE IN GADAREF STATE, SUDAN -2013","authors":"Dr. Mohmoud Mohammed Ahmed, Prof. Elsadig Yousif Elbadawi","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v3i0.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v3i0.233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anemia is a condition characterized by reduction in thevolume of red blood cells and a decrease in the blood concentration of haemoglobin (less than 11gm/dl). Haemoglobin is a main part of red blood cells and binds oxygen. This can lead to range of adverse symptoms. The most common cause of anemia worldwide is an iron deficiency. This study attempted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among children 6 to 59 months of age in Gadaref State, and to determine the related factors, which include socio demographic factors and nutritional status of children. \u0000Patients and Methods: A total of 384 children 6 to 59 months of age wereincluded in this cross sectional (community based) study in Gadaref State. The data was collected by interviewing mothers through questionnaire, clinical examination, and blood examination. Data was analyzed by the computer using SPSS.version16. Chi-Square test was used for testing significance. P=0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Results: Forty eight percent of children were anemic; there is a significantrelation between anemia and nutrition of children in this age. Malnutrition was related to anemia in the affected children; 35.1 % of anemic children had mild malnutrition, 23.8% and17.3% had moderate and severe malnutrition subsequently. Social factors related to anemia in children in Gadaref State are: family income, size of the family and mother education. \u0000Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in children 6 to 59 months of age InGadaref State is high. It is more frequent in the age group of 23 months to 59 months; females are affected more than males. There is an association between anemia and nutritional status of children.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76101932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.818
Syed Muhammad Bilal Gillani, Syed Ihtisham Ahmed, Basit Ali
Nutritional supplements are commonly accessible products used as an extension to the normal diet and are mostly used by athletes. Among all users of supplements, the utilization among athletes tends to be more noteworthy than the overall public. With such a vast number of athletes utilizing dietary supplements, it is vital to evaluate about side effects of nutritional supplements among gymnasium going athletes. This study was Analytical, conducted on 57 male athletes from Lahore, who were regularly going to gymnasium since past three months and were using nutritional supplements at the time of evaluation. The most frequently used supplements were the mostly consumed nutritional supplements were protein or whey protein powders (61.4%), multivitamins (56.1%), and creatine (38.6%). Most common side effects after utilizing nutritional supplements were Dry Mouth/Dehydration (n=28, 49.1%), Constipation (n=22, 38.6%), Insomnia/Lack of Sleep (n=18, 31.5%) Nausea (n=17, 29.8%) and Heart Palpitations/Abnormal Heartbeats (n=16, 28%). Pearson’s Correlation indicated that the casein protein and soy protein were the major cause of many side effects. It is concluded that athletes were having some side effects after utilizing nutritional supplements and they were utilizing supplements without consulting a proper nutritionist/dietitian.
{"title":"Nutritional Supplements & Athletes- An Analysis of Potential Side Effects","authors":"Syed Muhammad Bilal Gillani, Syed Ihtisham Ahmed, Basit Ali","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.818","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional supplements are commonly accessible products used as an extension to the normal diet and are mostly used by athletes. Among all users of supplements, the utilization among athletes tends to be more noteworthy than the overall public. With such a vast number of athletes utilizing dietary supplements, it is vital to evaluate about side effects of nutritional supplements among gymnasium going athletes. This study was Analytical, conducted on 57 male athletes from Lahore, who were regularly going to gymnasium since past three months and were using nutritional supplements at the time of evaluation. The most frequently used supplements were the mostly consumed nutritional supplements were protein or whey protein powders (61.4%), multivitamins (56.1%), and creatine (38.6%). Most common side effects after utilizing nutritional supplements were Dry Mouth/Dehydration (n=28, 49.1%), Constipation (n=22, 38.6%), Insomnia/Lack of Sleep (n=18, 31.5%) Nausea (n=17, 29.8%) and Heart Palpitations/Abnormal Heartbeats (n=16, 28%). Pearson’s Correlation indicated that the casein protein and soy protein were the major cause of many side effects. It is concluded that athletes were having some side effects after utilizing nutritional supplements and they were utilizing supplements without consulting a proper nutritionist/dietitian.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89674673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.826
Sajjad Ali Gill, Komal Shahbaz, Muhammad Nazeer
The present study conducted to check the effects of caffeine on players performance through survey research. A caffeine-based 20 Statements (questionnaire) filed to the players, who were regular consumers of caffeine. 20 statements mentioned related to the positive effects of caffeine. Most of the players, who addicted to take caffeine on regularly basis approved all statements which showed that caffeine could affect the athlete's performance. The majority athletes agreed that caffeine enhanced their concentration, alertness and attention level. The primary effect of caffeine on vigilance granted by most of the players. Caffeine can enhance the working capacity of players by increasing their vigilances. Results show that caffeine helped them to train longer and harder which showed its benefits between male and female athletes, especially in off-season training periodization.
{"title":"Psychological Effects of Caffeine on Players Performance","authors":"Sajjad Ali Gill, Komal Shahbaz, Muhammad Nazeer","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v4i1.826","url":null,"abstract":"The present study conducted to check the effects of caffeine on players performance through survey research. A caffeine-based 20 Statements (questionnaire) filed to the players, who were regular consumers of caffeine. 20 statements mentioned related to the positive effects of caffeine. Most of the players, who addicted to take caffeine on regularly basis approved all statements which showed that caffeine could affect the athlete's performance. The majority athletes agreed that caffeine enhanced their concentration, alertness and attention level. The primary effect of caffeine on vigilance granted by most of the players. Caffeine can enhance the working capacity of players by increasing their vigilances. Results show that caffeine helped them to train longer and harder which showed its benefits between male and female athletes, especially in off-season training periodization.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73801185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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