Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2181
S. Prodanović, Goran Jelaska, Marta Tomljanović
Basketball is a sport where the success of sports performance is reflected in the possession of technical-tactical and motor skills. Basketball shooting, which is closely related to accuracy, was previously recognized as the most frequently used and most important technique in the game. When it comes to precision, in basketball we talk about situational precision, which is seen as an integral part of technique, and it is necessary to evaluate and develop it in this way. For this reason, precision screening is a very important parameter when developing a training program. The following index databases were used to collect adequate literature: GoogleScholar, PubMed, MEDLINE. During the search, the following keywords were used: basketball, accuracy, tests, baskteball, accuracy, testing, shooting tests. During the analysis and evaluation of the research, 16 researches were selected that corresponded to the topic and were included in the research. All 16 studies completely met the inclusion criteria. It can be concluded that the most frequently applied measuring instruments/tests in assessing the accuracy of basketball players are: shooting from the free throw line in 60 seconds, dynamic test of free throws in 60 seconds, jump shot tests in static and dynamic conditions, test of throwing from the free throw line, but also throwing from the left and right side of the free throw line, i.e. in the 2-point area, as well as the throw/jump shot test from the 3-point line.
{"title":"TESTS FOR ASSESSING ACCURACY IN BASKETBALL - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"S. Prodanović, Goran Jelaska, Marta Tomljanović","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2181","url":null,"abstract":"Basketball is a sport where the success of sports performance is reflected in the possession of technical-tactical and motor skills. Basketball shooting, which is closely related to accuracy, was previously recognized as the most frequently used and most important technique in the game. When it comes to precision, in basketball we talk about situational precision, which is seen as an integral part of technique, and it is necessary to evaluate and develop it in this way. For this reason, precision screening is a very important parameter when developing a training program. The following index databases were used to collect adequate literature: GoogleScholar, PubMed, MEDLINE. During the search, the following keywords were used: basketball, accuracy, tests, baskteball, accuracy, testing, shooting tests. During the analysis and evaluation of the research, 16 researches were selected that corresponded to the topic and were included in the research. All 16 studies completely met the inclusion criteria. It can be concluded that the most frequently applied measuring instruments/tests in assessing the accuracy of basketball players are: shooting from the free throw line in 60 seconds, dynamic test of free throws in 60 seconds, jump shot tests in static and dynamic conditions, test of throwing from the free throw line, but also throwing from the left and right side of the free throw line, i.e. in the 2-point area, as well as the throw/jump shot test from the 3-point line.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82471111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2179
Goran Jelaska, S. Prodanović, Marta Tomljanović
This research determined the differences in accuracy between junior basketball players at the federal and regional competition level. In this research, the following four tests were used to assess precision: Elevation precision of passing with one hand; Elevation precision of passing with two hands; Shooting a ball that bounces after falling from a height of 3.05 meters directly into the target; Shooting a ball that bounces after falling from a height of 3.05 meters with a mandatory bounce from the ground. No statistically significant differences in accuracy were found between basketball players of the federal and regional level of competition, so hypothesis X1 cannot be accepted.The conclusions reached based on the discussion of the results indicate that the accuracy of passing the ball is not one of the factors that contributes to the difference in quality between basketball players in the junior age who compete in different ranks of the competition. Also, good systematic work in the clubs and good orientation and selection of basketball players in the tested clubs contribute to the quality development of motor skills in general, which do not contribute to differences in basketball players of different levels of competition in younger selections. In further work, it is necessary to further investigate precision as one of the least researched fields of motor skills.
{"title":"DIFFERENCES IN ACCURACY OF PASSING THE BALL IN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMPETITION","authors":"Goran Jelaska, S. Prodanović, Marta Tomljanović","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2179","url":null,"abstract":"This research determined the differences in accuracy between junior basketball players at the federal and regional competition level. In this research, the following four tests were used to assess precision: Elevation precision of passing with one hand; Elevation precision of passing with two hands; Shooting a ball that bounces after falling from a height of 3.05 meters directly into the target; Shooting a ball that bounces after falling from a height of 3.05 meters with a mandatory bounce from the ground. No statistically significant differences in accuracy were found between basketball players of the federal and regional level of competition, so hypothesis X1 cannot be accepted.The conclusions reached based on the discussion of the results indicate that the accuracy of passing the ball is not one of the factors that contributes to the difference in quality between basketball players in the junior age who compete in different ranks of the competition. Also, good systematic work in the clubs and good orientation and selection of basketball players in the tested clubs contribute to the quality development of motor skills in general, which do not contribute to differences in basketball players of different levels of competition in younger selections. In further work, it is necessary to further investigate precision as one of the least researched fields of motor skills.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78888960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2072
Rebeka Juhász, Beatrix Kiss-Geosits, G. Bárdos, B. Vámos
Numerous studies have examined the effects of the rapidly globalized SARS-COVID virus. The Hungarian government's response to the pandemic required structural changes in education alongside changes in educational methodology. Moving away from traditional practices, educational processes have been placed in digital space - changing the practice of more than 100 years. Regarding the transformation, not only did its speed cause difficulties, but also the necessary systems and digital competences were lacking in many cases; most educators did not have the necessary ICT tools to perform everyday tasks. We used an inductive, empirical research strategy in our research. The aim was to conduct a longitudinal mixed-methods study of school teachers (2779 item were obtained) to evaluate 3 data sets and supplementary interviews for correlations between mental health indicators, burnout scale correlations, self-efficacy, and the use of online platforms. We gathered data from Hungarian teachers by using an online version of the 5 item World Health Organisation (WHO) welfare questionnaire (WBI-5) and analyzed it with SPSS 25.0 statistical software. The results confirmed our assumptions, as the average values of the subjective well-being of the teachers participating in the research were the highest at the time of the first data collection. Values for each subsequent survey show a lower value than the first and a larger standard deviation. Based on the results obtained, a decrease in the subjective well-being of educators completing questionnaires during the SARS-COV-2 virus can be reported. The sum of the average scores obtained during the completion of the WBI-5 questionnaire also confirms this trend. The peculiarity of the data collection is that the values obtained were the lowest during the second survey (when the participants were already past a wave of illness and the news reported new ones). Although the values of data set 3 are lower than the first time, they are better than the values of data set 2, which may be triggered by the appearance of vaccinations. Further data analysis is needed to establish this.
{"title":"LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE MENTAL HEALTH OF THOSE EMPLOYED AS TEACHERS IN A HUNGARIAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE LIGHT OF THE SITUATION CAUSED BY THE SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC, WITH A 5-ITEM WHO WELL-BEING QUESTIONNAIRE (WBI-5)","authors":"Rebeka Juhász, Beatrix Kiss-Geosits, G. Bárdos, B. Vámos","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2072","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have examined the effects of the rapidly globalized SARS-COVID virus. The Hungarian government's response to the pandemic required structural changes in education alongside changes in educational methodology. Moving away from traditional practices, educational processes have been placed in digital space - changing the practice of more than 100 years. Regarding the transformation, not only did its speed cause difficulties, but also the necessary systems and digital competences were lacking in many cases; most educators did not have the necessary ICT tools to perform everyday tasks. We used an inductive, empirical research strategy in our research. The aim was to conduct a longitudinal mixed-methods study of school teachers (2779 item were obtained) to evaluate 3 data sets and supplementary interviews for correlations between mental health indicators, burnout scale correlations, self-efficacy, and the use of online platforms. We gathered data from Hungarian teachers by using an online version of the 5 item World Health Organisation (WHO) welfare questionnaire (WBI-5) and analyzed it with SPSS 25.0 statistical software. The results confirmed our assumptions, as the average values of the subjective well-being of the teachers participating in the research were the highest at the time of the first data collection. Values for each subsequent survey show a lower value than the first and a larger standard deviation. Based on the results obtained, a decrease in the subjective well-being of educators completing questionnaires during the SARS-COV-2 virus can be reported. The sum of the average scores obtained during the completion of the WBI-5 questionnaire also confirms this trend. The peculiarity of the data collection is that the values obtained were the lowest during the second survey (when the participants were already past a wave of illness and the news reported new ones). Although the values of data set 3 are lower than the first time, they are better than the values of data set 2, which may be triggered by the appearance of vaccinations. Further data analysis is needed to establish this.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74709836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2070
Aleksandra Aleksic Veljkovic, Andrea Aleksić, Dušanka Đurović, T. Stojanović, Kristina Mladenović
Previous research has suggested that athletes at risk of low energy availability can present with symptoms other than those traditionally expected and highlight the complexity of identifying individuals at risk. It is very important to recognize as early as possible the risk of low energy availability by evaluating the presence of symptoms which include menstrual and gastrointestinal dysfunction, injury history, as well as oral contraceptive use. This is especially so in aesthetic sports which require high levels of strength, power, and endurance as well as artistic skills to perform in different environments. This study aimed to verify possible links between low energy availability, eating disorders risks, and body dissatisfaction in aesthetic sports' adolescent athletes. Seventy-one female athletes (mean ± SD, age: 17.55±3.15 years; height: 169.70 ± 6.27 cm; weight: 58.75 ± 6.42 kg; training 13.79±6.71 hours/week) completed questionnaires: Low Energy Availability Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and Body Dissatisfaction Scale (BSQ). Results suggested that most of the examined female athletes fall into the normal range of BMI scores with regard to body mass and eating patterns, but there are athletes with very high scores on the questionnaires among them. No significant correlations were reported between low energy availability and other study variables, but EAT-26 and BSQ scores correlated significantly (r=.694, p<.000). Furthermore, BMI correlated with BSQ scores (r=.447, p<.000) and EAT-26 scores (r=.265, p<.050). The study confirmed the relationship between body image concerns and pathological eating attitudes among female aesthetic sport athletes, but not with low energy availability.
{"title":"ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN LOW ENERGY AVAILABILITY, EATING DISORDERS RISK AND BODY DISSATISFACTION IN ADOLESCENT FEMALE ATHLETES","authors":"Aleksandra Aleksic Veljkovic, Andrea Aleksić, Dušanka Đurović, T. Stojanović, Kristina Mladenović","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2070","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has suggested that athletes at risk of low energy availability can present with symptoms other than those traditionally expected and highlight the complexity of identifying individuals at risk. It is very important to recognize as early as possible the risk of low energy availability by evaluating the presence of symptoms which include menstrual and gastrointestinal dysfunction, injury history, as well as oral contraceptive use. This is especially so in aesthetic sports which require high levels of strength, power, and endurance as well as artistic skills to perform in different environments. This study aimed to verify possible links between low energy availability, eating disorders risks, and body dissatisfaction in aesthetic sports' adolescent athletes. Seventy-one female athletes (mean ± SD, age: 17.55±3.15 years; height: 169.70 ± 6.27 cm; weight: 58.75 ± 6.42 kg; training 13.79±6.71 hours/week) completed questionnaires: Low Energy Availability Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and Body Dissatisfaction Scale (BSQ). Results suggested that most of the examined female athletes fall into the normal range of BMI scores with regard to body mass and eating patterns, but there are athletes with very high scores on the questionnaires among them. No significant correlations were reported between low energy availability and other study variables, but EAT-26 and BSQ scores correlated significantly (r=.694, p<.000). Furthermore, BMI correlated with BSQ scores (r=.447, p<.000) and EAT-26 scores (r=.265, p<.050). The study confirmed the relationship between body image concerns and pathological eating attitudes among female aesthetic sport athletes, but not with low energy availability.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76854596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2074
Francisco José Félix Saavedra
Muscle strength is an essential element of any movement, whether in sport or in daily activity. However, despite its trainability, an aspect often studied in adults, the same is not verified in the strength training development in youth. Currently, there is a wealth of information available, often contradictory, about what is safe or appropriate for pre-and post-puberty strength training and development. In this point of view, we will briefly discuss some of the current and relevant literature and provide evidence-based practical recommendations for resistance exercise training in children and adolescents, according to international recommendations. The results revealed that the child is, from a biological and metabolic point of view, a non-specialized organism, where adaptations occur without the need for a high level of stimulation. Recent data indicate that resistance training programs, well-structured and appropriately prescribed and supervised by trained specialists, are safe and provide unique benefits for youth, such as increased strength and muscle power, reduced cardiovascular risk, helps weight control, strengthens bones, increases psychosocial well-being, improves motor performance skills, and may reduce sports-related injuries, and should be viewed as an essential component of preparatory training programs for aspiring young athletes. Current recommendations suggest that school-aged youth should participate daily in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is safe, effective, and enjoyable. Regular participation in a variety of physical activities during childhood and adolescence can support and encourage participation in physical activity as an ongoing lifestyle choice later in life.
{"title":"RELATED OUTCOMES OF STRENGTH TRAINING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF THE RELEVANT LITERATURE","authors":"Francisco José Félix Saavedra","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2074","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle strength is an essential element of any movement, whether in sport or in daily activity. However, despite its trainability, an aspect often studied in adults, the same is not verified in the strength training development in youth. Currently, there is a wealth of information available, often contradictory, about what is safe or appropriate for pre-and post-puberty strength training and development. In this point of view, we will briefly discuss some of the current and relevant literature and provide evidence-based practical recommendations for resistance exercise training in children and adolescents, according to international recommendations. The results revealed that the child is, from a biological and metabolic point of view, a non-specialized organism, where adaptations occur without the need for a high level of stimulation. Recent data indicate that resistance training programs, well-structured and appropriately prescribed and supervised by trained specialists, are safe and provide unique benefits for youth, such as increased strength and muscle power, reduced cardiovascular risk, helps weight control, strengthens bones, increases psychosocial well-being, improves motor performance skills, and may reduce sports-related injuries, and should be viewed as an essential component of preparatory training programs for aspiring young athletes. Current recommendations suggest that school-aged youth should participate daily in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is safe, effective, and enjoyable. Regular participation in a variety of physical activities during childhood and adolescence can support and encourage participation in physical activity as an ongoing lifestyle choice later in life.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90475149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2078
Ivan Serbetar, Patricija Peharda, Anamarija Plečko
Deterioration in children's physical fitness accompanied by unhealthy weight is a globally recognized problem. Among many other research directions related to factors that cause/influence a decline in physical fitness, there is presently an increase in the number of studies linked to family relationships and especially the influence of older siblings on the fitness of the younger children. The study attempted to determine whether having an older sibling(s) influences the physical fitness and anthropometric measures of the younger siblings, as compared to the children without older siblings. The study included 108 children aged 9 and 10, 55 of them with an older sibling(s). Height, weight, and 4 skinfolds were measured, and BMI was computed. Physical fitness was assessed by pull-ups, curl-ups, V-sit and reach, shuttle run, one-mile run, and handgrip strength. ANCOVA's on body measures as well as on physical fitness were applied. Based on the BMI values, results indicated that 40.7% of the overall sample of the children were in the categories of overweight or obesity and that on average, results in fitness tests were modest. The ANCOVA's, controlling for age, were computed with the intention to discover whether gender and/or the presence of older siblings influences physical fitness or body composition. Interactions were not significant, though, a significant main effect of having older siblings was obtained for the sum of skinfolds (F (1, 103) = 5.097, p = .026, partial η2 = .047) in ANCOVA computed for body measures. In ANCOVA for fitness measures significant main effects of having older sibling were obtained for pull-ups (F (1, 103) = 5.736, p = .018, partial η2 = .053) and shuttle run (F (1, 103) = 4.633, p = .034, partial η2 = .043), while the main effect of one-mile run was near statistical significance (p=.082). The results mostly support previous studies where the children with older siblings were at an advantage over the children without older siblings. Considering body composition, children with older siblings had significantly less subcutaneous body fat. The level of physical fitness was on average modest, children with older siblings outperformed children without older siblings in pull-ups and shuttle run, while the endurance test was near statistical significance. Older siblings may positively influence the healthy behavior of younger children in physical activity and siblings’ relationships may be one of the agents for improving the health-related fitness of the children.
{"title":"DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY MEASURES BETWEEN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT OLDER SIBLINGS","authors":"Ivan Serbetar, Patricija Peharda, Anamarija Plečko","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2078","url":null,"abstract":"Deterioration in children's physical fitness accompanied by unhealthy weight is a globally recognized problem. Among many other research directions related to factors that cause/influence a decline in physical fitness, there is presently an increase in the number of studies linked to family relationships and especially the influence of older siblings on the fitness of the younger children. The study attempted to determine whether having an older sibling(s) influences the physical fitness and anthropometric measures of the younger siblings, as compared to the children without older siblings. The study included 108 children aged 9 and 10, 55 of them with an older sibling(s). Height, weight, and 4 skinfolds were measured, and BMI was computed. Physical fitness was assessed by pull-ups, curl-ups, V-sit and reach, shuttle run, one-mile run, and handgrip strength. ANCOVA's on body measures as well as on physical fitness were applied. Based on the BMI values, results indicated that 40.7% of the overall sample of the children were in the categories of overweight or obesity and that on average, results in fitness tests were modest. The ANCOVA's, controlling for age, were computed with the intention to discover whether gender and/or the presence of older siblings influences physical fitness or body composition. Interactions were not significant, though, a significant main effect of having older siblings was obtained for the sum of skinfolds (F (1, 103) = 5.097, p = .026, partial η2 = .047) in ANCOVA computed for body measures. In ANCOVA for fitness measures significant main effects of having older sibling were obtained for pull-ups (F (1, 103) = 5.736, p = .018, partial η2 = .053) and shuttle run (F (1, 103) = 4.633, p = .034, partial η2 = .043), while the main effect of one-mile run was near statistical significance (p=.082). The results mostly support previous studies where the children with older siblings were at an advantage over the children without older siblings. Considering body composition, children with older siblings had significantly less subcutaneous body fat. The level of physical fitness was on average modest, children with older siblings outperformed children without older siblings in pull-ups and shuttle run, while the endurance test was near statistical significance. Older siblings may positively influence the healthy behavior of younger children in physical activity and siblings’ relationships may be one of the agents for improving the health-related fitness of the children.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90471362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2076
Ș. Roșca, P. Davis, Ian Whyte
Masters swimming offers training and competition opportunities to adults over the age of 25 years through structured programmes. This study aimed to identify what influenced masters swimmers to engage in training and competition. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experiences of 12 masters Swimmers (8 male, 4 females; age range = 23-76 years). Data was recorded, transcribed ‘verbatim’, and thematically analysed. Following analysis, a total of 237 meaning units were identified. They were located into 36 themes before being placed into 8 categories: Achieving Goals, Habituation, Health and Fitness, Organisational Influences, Significant Others, Psychological Benefits, Social, and Swim Specific. The most important findings were themes related to the impact of the coach in their participation, participants’ health and fitness, the positive atmosphere inside the squad /club, competitions (for most), and socialisation. This work has helped to identify a landscape that will assist clubs and organisations to develop and maintain masters swimming programmes. Future research is suggested to broaden the range and numbers of responses geographically and culturally, to consider masters swimming alongside other sporting and non-sporting physical activities in which older people participate and extend the work through theoretical discourse.
{"title":"STAYING DRY OR TAKING THE PLUNGE? FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PARTICIPATION IN MASTERS’ SWIMMING","authors":"Ș. Roșca, P. Davis, Ian Whyte","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2076","url":null,"abstract":"Masters swimming offers training and competition opportunities to adults over the age of 25 years through structured programmes. This study aimed to identify what influenced masters swimmers to engage in training and competition. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experiences of 12 masters Swimmers (8 male, 4 females; age range = 23-76 years). Data was recorded, transcribed ‘verbatim’, and thematically analysed. Following analysis, a total of 237 meaning units were identified. They were located into 36 themes before being placed into 8 categories: Achieving Goals, Habituation, Health and Fitness, Organisational Influences, Significant Others, Psychological Benefits, Social, and Swim Specific. The most important findings were themes related to the impact of the coach in their participation, participants’ health and fitness, the positive atmosphere inside the squad /club, competitions (for most), and socialisation. This work has helped to identify a landscape that will assist clubs and organisations to develop and maintain masters swimming programmes. Future research is suggested to broaden the range and numbers of responses geographically and culturally, to consider masters swimming alongside other sporting and non-sporting physical activities in which older people participate and extend the work through theoretical discourse.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73212900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2077
A. Skotáková, Jitka Čihounková, Andrea Martincová
The number of attacks on people with different types of special needs worldwide is growing. It causes the increasing request for self-defence courses created for a group of people with disabilities. Most self-defence systems dealing with specific groups focus on women or elderly people. People with disabilities are least included. The aim of this research was to find how self-defence instructors feel prepared to work with specific groups, including people with disabilities. This research involved 65 respondents (52 men and 13 women). Self-assessment of the ability and willingness to lead, communicate or organise self-defence courses for individual groups with special needs or willingness to integrate these people into regular self-defence lessons were evaluated by a created questionnaire. Results showed that self-defence instructors are most concerned about working with people with mental impairments and do not feel well trained or prepared to work with specific groups, except for self-defence of women, children, and seniors. For improvement, self-defence instructors require a level of self-assurance for working with people with special needs. This will require targeted education aimed at working with people with disabilities.
{"title":"A LEVEL OF ASSURANCE OF SELF–DEFENCE INSTRUCTORS FOR WORKING WITH PEOPLE WITH SPECIFIC GROUPS","authors":"A. Skotáková, Jitka Čihounková, Andrea Martincová","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2077","url":null,"abstract":"The number of attacks on people with different types of special needs worldwide is growing. It causes the increasing request for self-defence courses created for a group of people with disabilities. Most self-defence systems dealing with specific groups focus on women or elderly people. People with disabilities are least included. The aim of this research was to find how self-defence instructors feel prepared to work with specific groups, including people with disabilities. This research involved 65 respondents (52 men and 13 women). Self-assessment of the ability and willingness to lead, communicate or organise self-defence courses for individual groups with special needs or willingness to integrate these people into regular self-defence lessons were evaluated by a created questionnaire. Results showed that self-defence instructors are most concerned about working with people with mental impairments and do not feel well trained or prepared to work with specific groups, except for self-defence of women, children, and seniors. For improvement, self-defence instructors require a level of self-assurance for working with people with special needs. This will require targeted education aimed at working with people with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79831007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2069
Š. Adamčák, P. Bartík, M. Marko
In today's world, physical activity is gaining more importance, not only in academic community, but also with the general public. Nowadays, many students expect to see involvement of new technologies in school such as smartphones, tablets, and computers. The level of physical activity is very easily affected by various external influences such as smartphone apps, which may be ideal in increasing physical activity. Smartphone apps are considered motivational tools in increasing physical activity. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of smartphones in increasing physical activity in secondary school students. The study group was chosen purposively to meet the aim of the study. The following criteria applied: a) participants should not have health issues; b) participants should be from the same year of students. The group consisted of 113 secondary school students [(Male control group n = 30 (26.54 %); Male experimental group n = 25 (22.12 %); Female control group n = 30 (26.54 %); Female experimental group n = 28 (24.80 %)]. The current level of physical activity was detected by using the smartphone app - Samsung Health [(Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; Suwon, the Republic of Korea; Android 5.17.1.003; iOS 1.5)]. Two 14-day challenges were created to increase physical activity in the participants. To determine the statistical significance of 2 control groups (n = 60, 53.08 %) and 2 experimental groups (n = 53; 46.92 %) we applied the Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test (Wtest p < 0.01, p < 0.05). To verify 4 independent study groups, we applied the Mann-Whitney U-test (Mwtest p < 0.01, p < 0.05). The material and practical significance was evaluated by using the effect size coefficient (r) (r = 0.10 - small, r = 0.30 - medium, r = 0.50 - large effect size). The first 14-day challenge resulted in improvements in both control and experimental groups of secondary school students (p < 0.01). After 28-day challenge, we recorded the improvements in the female experimental group (p < 0.01), male control and experimental groups (p < 0.01) and female control group (p < 0.05). When comparing the independent study groups, we recorded improvements, which were significant at 1.00 % and 5.00% level. Secondary school students are increasingly using smartphone apps routinely in more areas of their personal lives. Smartphone apps aimed at increasing physical activity are effective in helping secondary school students to achieve the required physical activity level. Our study provides evidence that the technique of challenges used in the smartphone app - Samsung Health significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) increase the physical activity level of the secondary school students. According to our results, we recommend using the smartphone app - Samsung Health as a motivational tool in increasing the physical activity in secondary school students.
在当今世界，体育活动越来越重要，不仅在学术界，而且与一般公众。如今，许多学生希望在学校看到智能手机、平板电脑和电脑等新技术的参与。身体活动水平很容易受到各种外部影响的影响，比如智能手机应用程序，这可能是增加身体活动的理想选择。智能手机应用程序被认为是增加体育锻炼的激励工具。这项研究的目的是分析智能手机在增加中学生体育活动方面的作用。研究组的选择是有目的的，以满足研究的目的。适用的标准如下:a)参与者不得有健康问题;B)参赛者必须是同年级的学生。其中，男对照组30人(26.54%);试验组男性25例(22.12%);女性对照组30例(26.54%);女性实验组n = 28(24.80%)]。目前的身体活动水平是通过使用智能手机应用程序-三星健康[三星电子有限公司;大韩民国水原;Android 5.17.1.003;iOS 1.5)]。两项为期14天的挑战是为了增加参与者的体力活动。2个对照组(n = 60, 53.08%)和2个实验组(n = 53;46.92%)采用Wilcoxon sign -rank检验(Wtest p < 0.01, p < 0.05)。为了验证4个独立研究组，我们采用Mann-Whitney u检验(Mwtest p < 0.01, p < 0.05)。采用效应大小系数(r)评价材料和实际意义(r = 0.10 -小，r = 0.30 -中，r = 0.50 -大)。第14天攻毒后，对照组和实验组中学生的智力均有改善(p < 0.01)。饲喂28 d后，雌性试验组(p < 0.01)、雄性对照组和试验组(p < 0.01)、雌性对照组(p < 0.05)均有改善。当比较独立研究组时，我们记录了改善，其显著性水平为1.00%和5.00%。中学生越来越多地在个人生活的更多领域使用智能手机应用程序。旨在增加身体活动的智能手机应用程序可以有效地帮助中学生达到所需的身体活动水平。我们的研究提供了证据，证明智能手机应用程序-三星健康中使用的挑战技术显著(p < 0.01, p < 0.05)提高了中学生的体育活动水平。根据我们的研究结果，我们建议使用智能手机应用程序-三星健康作为一种激励工具，以增加中学生的体育活动。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2071
A. Elliott, T. Evans, Rhonda B. Cohen, J. Watt, Margaret Volante
Observations of middle aged to retired clients in Personal Training practices in London UK, surfaced two themes; exercise-averse individuals with sedentary leisure and work pursuits reported poor experiences of physical education in secondary (high) school, whereas more active clients reported positive reflections. This instigated a systematic examination of contemporaneous documents and literature, which sought to explain the context of this reality. Five major themes emerged: The politico-educational environment from the 1960’s to the 1970’s, the parallel experience of maths anxiety, teaching practice, navigating failure and economic implications. Evidence suggests why the behaviour of a generation has been impacted; a post-war hierarchical social order undergoing profound change, poor pedagogic practices in which the less able found themselves suffering everything from corporal punishment to physical embarrassment and response models to failure predict clients’ later behaviours. The research findings substantiate the claims of clients’ memories of negative experiences with physical education at secondary school. The research concludes that the socio-economic costs associated with such past failures in PE are estimated to exceed £6 billion over the life of a contemporary five-year UK government and have clear social and economic implications for other developed democracies.
{"title":"WAS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS BAD AS PEOPLE REMEMBER IT? A QUALITATIVE THEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"A. Elliott, T. Evans, Rhonda B. Cohen, J. Watt, Margaret Volante","doi":"10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v0i0.2071","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of middle aged to retired clients in Personal Training practices in London UK, surfaced two themes; exercise-averse individuals with sedentary leisure and work pursuits reported poor experiences of physical education in secondary (high) school, whereas more active clients reported positive reflections. This instigated a systematic examination of contemporaneous documents and literature, which sought to explain the context of this reality. Five major themes emerged: The politico-educational environment from the 1960’s to the 1970’s, the parallel experience of maths anxiety, teaching practice, navigating failure and economic implications. Evidence suggests why the behaviour of a generation has been impacted; a post-war hierarchical social order undergoing profound change, poor pedagogic practices in which the less able found themselves suffering everything from corporal punishment to physical embarrassment and response models to failure predict clients’ later behaviours. The research findings substantiate the claims of clients’ memories of negative experiences with physical education at secondary school. The research concludes that the socio-economic costs associated with such past failures in PE are estimated to exceed £6 billion over the life of a contemporary five-year UK government and have clear social and economic implications for other developed democracies.","PeriodicalId":22954,"journal":{"name":"THE SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS)","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74708318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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