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QTL mapping and BSR-seq revealed loci and candidate genes associated with the sporadic multifoliolate phenotype in soybean (Glycine max). QTL 图谱和 BSR-seq 发现了与大豆(Glycine max)零星多小叶表型相关的基因座和候选基因。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04765-z
Zhili Wang, Yongchao Niu, Yichun Xie, Cheng Huang, Wai-Shing Yung, Man-Wah Li, Fuk-Ling Wong, Hon-Ming Lam

Key message: The QTLs and candidate genes governing the multifoliolate phenotype were identified by combining linkage mapping with BSR-seq, revealing a possible interplay between genetics and the environment in soybean leaf development. Soybean, as a legume, is typified by trifoliolate leaves. Although multifoliolate leaves (compound leaves with more than three leaflets each) have been reported in soybean, including sporadic appearances in the first compound leaves in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between cultivated soybean C08 and wild soybean W05 from this study, the genetic basis of this phenomenon is still unclear. Here, we integrated quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq) to identify the genetic loci associated with the multifoliolate phenotype in soybean. Using linkage mapping, ten QTLs related to the multifoliolate trait were identified. Among these, a significant and major QTL, qMF-2-1 on chromosome 2 and consistently detected across biological replicates, explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation. Together with BSR-seq analyses, which analyzed the RILs with the highest multifoliolate frequencies and those with the lowest frequencies as two distinct bulks, two candidate genes were identified: Glyma.06G204300 encoding the transcription factor TCP5, and Glyma.06G204400 encoding LONGIFOLIA 2 (LNG2). Transcriptome analyses revealed that stress-responsive genes were significantly differentially expressed between high-multifoliolate occurrence lines and low occurrence ones, indicating environmental factors probably influence the appearance of multifoliolate leaves in soybean through stress-responsive genes. Hence, this study offers new insights into the genetic mechanism behind the multifoliolate phenotype in soybean.

关键信息:通过将连锁图谱与BSR-seq相结合,确定了调控多小叶表型的QTLs和候选基因,揭示了大豆叶片发育过程中遗传与环境之间可能存在的相互作用。作为豆科植物,大豆的典型特征是具有三小叶。虽然已有大豆多小叶(每片复叶有三片以上小叶)的报道,包括本研究中栽培大豆 C08 与野生大豆 W05 杂交的重组近交系(RIL)群体中零星出现的第一片复叶,但这一现象的遗传基础仍不清楚。在此,我们将定量性状位点(QTL)作图与大宗分离RNA测序(BSR-seq)相结合,以确定与大豆多小叶表型相关的遗传位点。通过连锁作图,确定了 10 个与多小叶性状相关的 QTL。其中,一个显著的主要 QTL(位于 2 号染色体上的 qMF-2-1)在各生物重复中被一致检测到,解释了 10%以上的表型变异。BSR-seq分析将多小叶频率最高的RIL和频率最低的RIL作为两个不同的群体进行分析,结果发现了两个候选基因:Glyma.06G204300 编码转录因子 TCP5,Glyma.06G204400 编码 LONGIFOLIA 2 (LNG2)。转录组分析表明,胁迫响应基因在多小叶发生率高的品系和发生率低的品系之间存在显著的表达差异,表明环境因素可能通过胁迫响应基因影响大豆多小叶的出现。因此,本研究为大豆多小叶表型背后的遗传机制提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Fine mapping of QGPC.caas-7AL for grain protein content in bread wheat. QGPC.caas-7AL对面包小麦谷物蛋白质含量的精细测绘。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04769-9
Dehui Zhao, Jianqi Zeng, Hui Jin, Dan Liu, Li Yang, Xianchun Xia, Yubing Tian, Yan Zhang, Shuanghe Cao, Wei Zhu, Chunping Wang, Zhonghu He, Jindong Liu, Yong Zhang

Key message: A major stable QTL, QGPC.caas-7AL, for grain protein content of wheat, was narrowed down to a 1.82-Mb inter on chromosome 7AL, and four candidate genes were predicated. Wheat grain protein content (GPC) is important for end-use quality. Identification of genetic loci for GPC is helpful to create new varieties with good processing quality and nutrients. Zhongmai 578 (ZM578) and Jimai 22 (JM22) are two elite wheat varieties with different contents of GPC. In the present study, 262 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ZM578 and JM22 were used to map the GPC with high-density wheat Illumina iSelect 50 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for GPC on chromosomes 3AS, 3AL, 3BS, 4AL, 5BS, 5DL and 7AL by inclusive composite interval mapping, designated as QGPC.caas-3AS, QGPC.caas-3AL, QGPC.caas-3BS, QGPC.caas-4AL, QGPC.caas-5BS, QGPC.caas-5DL and QGPC.caas-7AL, respectively. Among these, alleles for increasing GPC at QGPC.caas-3AS, QGPC.caas-3BS, QGPC.caas-4AL and QGPC.caas-7AL loci were contributed by ZM578, whereas those at the other three loci were from JM22. The stable QTL QGPC.caas-7AL was fine mapped to a 1.82-Mb physical interval using secondary populations from six heterozygous recombinant plants obtained by selfing a residual RIL. Four genes were predicted as candidates of QGPC.caas-7AL based on sequence polymorphism and expression patterns. The near-isogenic lines (NILs) with the favorable allele at the QGPC.caas-7AL locus increased Farinograph stability time, Extensograph extension area, extensibility and maximum resistance by 19.6%, 6.3%, 6.0% and 20.3%, respectively. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker for QGPC.caas-7AL was developed and validated in a diverse panel of 166 Chinese wheat cultivars. These results provide further insight into the genetic basis of GPC, and the fine-mapped QGPC.caas-7AL will be an attractive target for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs.

关键信息:小麦谷粒蛋白质含量的主要稳定QTL QGPC.caas-7AL被缩小到染色体7AL上的1.82-Mb区间,并确定了4个候选基因。小麦谷物蛋白质含量(GPC)对最终使用品质非常重要。鉴定 GPC 的基因位点有助于培育出加工品质好、营养成分高的新品种。中麦 578(ZM578)和济麦 22(JM22)是两个 GPC 含量不同的小麦优良品种。本研究利用 ZM578 和 JM22 杂交产生的 262 个重组近交系(RILs),通过高密度小麦 Illumina iSelect 50 K 单核苷酸多态性(SNP)阵列绘制了 GPC 图谱。通过包容性复合区间作图,在 3AS、3AL、3BS、4AL、5BS、5DL 和 7AL 染色体上鉴定出了 7 个 GPC 的数量性状位点(QTLs),分别命名为 QGPC.caas-3AS、QGPC.caas-3AL、QGPC.caas-3BS、QGPC.caas-4AL、QGPC.caas-5BS、QGPC.caas-5DL 和 QGPC.caas-7AL。其中,QGPC.caas-3AS、QGPC.caas-3BS、QGPC.caas-4AL和QGPC.caas-7AL位点的等位基因由ZM578贡献,而其他三个位点的等位基因来自JM22。利用从一株残留 RIL 自交获得的六株杂合重组植株的次级群体,将稳定 QTL QGPC.caas-7AL 精细映射到一个 1.82-Mb 的物理区间。根据序列多态性和表达模式,预测出四个基因为 QGPC.caas-7AL 的候选基因。QGPC.caas-7AL位点上有利等位基因的近等基因系(NIL)的法林图稳定时间、伸展面积、伸展性和最大抗性分别增加了19.6%、6.3%、6.0%和20.3%。开发了 QGPC.caas-7AL 的竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR(KASP)标记,并在 166 个中国小麦栽培品种的多样性面板中进行了验证。这些结果进一步揭示了GPC的遗传基础,精细图谱QGPC.caas-7AL将成为小麦育种计划中基于图谱克隆和标记辅助选择的一个有吸引力的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging genomic prediction to surpass current yield gains in spring barley. 利用基因组预测超越春大麦目前的增产成果。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04763-1
Johanna Åstrand, Firuz Odilbekov, Ramesh Vetukuri, Alf Ceplitis, Aakash Chawade

Key message: Genetic gain in Nordic spring barley varieties was estimated to 1.07% per year. Additionally, genomic predictive ability for yield was 0.61 in a population of breeding lines. Barley is one of the most important crops in Europe and meeting the growing demand for food and feed requires continuous increase in yield. Genomic prediction (GP) has the potential to be a cost-efficient tool in breeding for complex traits; however, the rate of yield improvement in current barley varieties is unknown. This study therefore investigated historical and current genetic gains in spring barley and how accounting for row-type population stratification in a breeding population influences GP results. The genetic gain in yield was estimated using historical data from field trials from 2014 to 2022, with 22-60 market varieties grown yearly. The genetic gain was estimated to 1.07% per year for all varieties, serving as a reference point for future breeding progress. To analyse the potential of using GP in spring barley a population of 375 breeding lines of two-row and six-row barley were tested in multi-environment trials in 2019-2022. The genetic diversity of the row-types was examined and used as a factor in the predictions, and the potential to predict untested locations using yield data from other locations was explored. This resulted in an overall predictive ability of 0.61 for yield (kg/ha), with 0.57 and 0.19 for the separate two-row and the six-row breeding lines, respectively. Together this displays the potential of implementing GP in breeding programs and the genetic gain in spring barley market varieties developed through GP will help in quantifying the benefit of GP over conventional breeding in the future.

关键信息:北欧春大麦品种的遗传增益估计为每年 1.07%。此外,在育种品系群体中,基因组对产量的预测能力为 0.61。大麦是欧洲最重要的作物之一,要满足日益增长的粮食和饲料需求,就必须不断提高产量。基因组预测(GP)有可能成为复杂性状育种中一种具有成本效益的工具;然而,目前大麦品种的产量提高率还不得而知。因此,本研究调查了春大麦的历史和当前遗传增益,以及育种群体中行列型群体分层如何影响 GP 结果。产量遗传增益是利用 2014 年至 2022 年田间试验的历史数据估算的,每年种植 22-60 个市场品种。所有品种的遗传增益估计为每年 1.07%,可作为未来育种进展的参考点。为了分析在春大麦中使用 GP 的潜力,2019-2022 年在多环境试验中对 375 个两行和六行大麦育种品系进行了测试。对行列类型的遗传多样性进行了研究,并将其作为预测的一个因素,同时还探讨了利用其他地点的产量数据预测未试验地点的潜力。结果显示,产量(公斤/公顷)的总体预测能力为 0.61,双行和六行育种品系的预测能力分别为 0.57 和 0.19。总之,这显示了在育种计划中实施 GP 的潜力,而通过 GP 培育的春大麦市场品种的遗传增益将有助于量化 GP 相对于传统育种的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic loci associated with sorghum drought tolerance in multiple environments and their sensitivity to environmental covariables. 与多种环境下高粱耐旱性相关的基因位点及其对环境协变量的敏感性。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04761-3
Karine da Costa Bernardino, José Henrique Soler Guilhen, Cícero Beserra de Menezes, Flavio Dessaune Tardin, Robert Eugene Schaffert, Edson Alves Bastos, Milton José Cardoso, Rodrigo Gazaffi, João Ricardo Bachega Feijó Rosa, Antônio Augusto Franco Garcia, Claudia Teixeira Guimarães, Leon Kochian, Maria Marta Pastina, Jurandir Vieira Magalhaes

Key message: Climate change can limit yields of naturally resilient crops, like sorghum, challenging global food security. Agriculture under an erratic climate requires tapping into a reservoir of flexible adaptive loci that can lead to lasting yield stability under multiple abiotic stress conditions. Domesticated in the hot and dry regions of Africa, sorghum is considered a harsh crop, which is adapted to important stress factors closely related to climate change. To investigate the genetic basis of drought stress adaptation in sorghum, we used a multi-environment multi-locus genome-wide association study (MEML-GWAS) in a subset of a diverse sorghum association panel (SAP) phenotyped for performance both under well-watered and water stress conditions. We selected environments in Brazil that foreshadow agriculture where both drought and temperature stresses coincide as in many tropical agricultural frontiers. Drought reduced average grain yield (Gy) by up to 50% and also affected flowering time (Ft) and plant height (Ph). We found 15 markers associated with Gy on all sorghum chromosomes except for chromosomes 7 and 9, in addition to loci associated with phenology traits. Loci associated with Gy strongly interacted with the environment in a complex way, while loci associated with phenology traits were less affected by G × E. Studying environmental covariables potentially underpinning G × E, increases in relative humidity and evapotranspiration favored and disfavored grain yield, respectively. High temperatures influenced G × E and reduced sorghum yields, with a ~ 100 kg ha-1 average decrease in grain yield for each unit increase in maximum temperature between 29 and 38 °C. Extreme G × E for sorghum stress resilience poses an additional challenge to breed crops for moving, erratic weather conditions.

关键信息:气候变化会限制高粱等天然抗逆作物的产量,从而对全球粮食安全构成挑战。在反复无常的气候条件下从事农业生产,需要利用灵活的适应性基因库,以便在多种非生物胁迫条件下保持持久的产量稳定性。高粱驯化于非洲炎热干旱地区,被认为是一种耐旱作物,能适应与气候变化密切相关的重要胁迫因素。为了研究高粱适应干旱胁迫的遗传基础,我们在一个多环境多焦点全基因组关联研究(MEML-GWAS)中使用了一个多样化高粱关联面板(SAP)的子集,该面板在水分充足和水分胁迫条件下都有表现。我们选择了巴西的一些环境,这些环境预示着许多热带农业前沿地区同时存在干旱和温度胁迫。干旱使平均谷物产量(Gy)降低达 50%,同时还影响开花时间(Ft)和株高(Ph)。除了与物候性状相关的位点外,我们还在除 7 号和 9 号染色体外的所有高粱染色体上发现了 15 个与 Gy 相关的标记。与 Gy 相关的位点与环境的相互作用非常复杂,而与物候性状相关的位点受 G × E 的影响较小。在研究可能支撑 G × E 的环境协变量时,相对湿度和蒸散量的增加分别对谷物产量有利和不利。高温影响 G × E 并降低高粱产量,在 29 至 38 °C 之间,最高气温每升高一个单位,谷物产量平均减少约 100 千克/公顷。高粱抗逆性的极端 G × E 对培育适应变化无常的气候条件的作物提出了新的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Natural alleles of LEAFY and WAPO1 interact to regulate spikelet number per spike in wheat. LEAFY 和 WAPO1 的天然等位基因相互作用,调节小麦每穗的小穗数。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04759-x
Junli Zhang, Germán F Burguener, Francine Paraiso, Jorge Dubcovsky

Key message: Specific combinations of LFY and WAPO1 natural alleles maximize spikelet number per spike in wheat. Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is an important yield component in wheat that determines the maximum number of grains that can be formed in a wheat spike. In wheat, loss-of-function mutations in LEAFY (LFY) or its interacting protein WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO1) significantly reduce SNS by reducing the rate of formation of spikelet meristems. In previous studies, we identified a natural amino acid change in WAPO1 (C47F) that significantly increases SNS in hexaploid wheat. In this study, we searched for natural variants in LFY that were associated with differences in SNS and detected significant effects in the LFY-B region in a nested association mapping population. We generated a large mapping population and confirmed that the LFY-B polymorphism R80S is linked with the differences in SNS, suggesting that LFY-B is the likely causal gene. A haplotype analysis revealed two amino acid changes P34L and R80S, which were both enriched during wheat domestication and breeding suggesting positive selection. We also explored the interactions between the LFY and WAPO1 natural variants for SNS using biparental populations and identified significant interaction, in which the positive effect of the 80S and 34L alleles from LFY-B was only detected in the WAPO-A1 47F background but not in the 47C background. Based on these results, we propose that the allele combination WAPO-A1-47F/LFY-B 34L 80S can be used in wheat breeding programs to maximize SNS and increase grain yield potential in wheat.

关键信息:LFY 和 WAPO1 天然等位基因的特定组合可使小麦每穗小穗数最大化。每穗小穗数(SNS)是小麦的一个重要产量成分,它决定了小麦穗中可形成的最大籽粒数。在小麦中,LEAFY(LFY)或其相互作用蛋白 WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1(WAPO1)的功能缺失突变会降低小穗分生组织的形成速度,从而显著降低每穗小穗数(SNS)。在以前的研究中,我们发现 WAPO1 中的一个天然氨基酸变化(C47F)可显著提高六倍体小麦的自交系。在本研究中,我们寻找了 LFY 中与 SNS 差异相关的天然变异,并在嵌套关联作图群体中检测到 LFY-B 区域的显著影响。我们生成了一个大的作图群体,并证实 LFY-B 多态性 R80S 与 SNS 差异有关,表明 LFY-B 可能是致病基因。单倍型分析揭示了 P34L 和 R80S 这两个氨基酸变化,它们在小麦驯化和育种过程中都发生了富集,表明存在正选择。我们还利用双亲群体探讨了 LFY 和 WAPO1 自然变异之间对 SNS 的交互作用,发现了显著的交互作用,其中 LFY-B 的 80S 和 34L 等位基因的正效应只在 WAPO-A1 47F 背景中被检测到,而在 47C 背景中则未被检测到。基于这些结果,我们建议在小麦育种计划中使用WAPO-A1-47F/LFY-B 34L 80S等位基因组合,以最大限度地提高小麦的SNS和谷粒产量潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Identification and development of functional markers for purple grain genes in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). 更正:硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)紫粒基因功能标记的鉴定和开发。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04755-1
Salvatore Esposito, Samuela Palombieri, Paolo Vitale, Giuseppina Angione, Chiara D'Attilia, Francesca Taranto, Francesco Sestili, Pasquale De Vita
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Identification and map‑based cloning of an EMS‑induced mutation in wheat gene TaSP1 related to spike architecture. 更正:小麦基因 TaSP1 与穗结构有关的 EMS 诱导突变的鉴定和基于图谱的克隆。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04757-z
Lin Zhang, Huidan Zhou, Xian Fu, Niuniu Zhou, Mengjie Liu, Shenglong Bai, Xinpeng Zhao, Ruiru Cheng, Suoping Li, Dale Zhang
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引用次数: 0
A single-nucleotide insertion in Rxp confers durable resistance to bacterial pustule in soybean. Rxp 中的单核苷酸插入可赋予大豆对细菌性脓疱病的持久抗性。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04743-5
Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara, Koji Takahashi, Ryoichi Yano, Rintaro Suzuki, Yuko Yokota, Toshimasa Yamazaki, Tetsuya Yamada, Takashi Sayama, Naohiro Yamada, Nobuhiko Oki, Toyoaki Anai, Akito Kaga, Masao Ishimoto

Key message: The soybean Rxp gene, encoding a bHLH transcription factor and an ACT-like domain, has an rxp allele producing a truncated protein that confers resistance to pustule-causing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. In soybean, bacterial pustules caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines lead to premature defoliation and decreased yield in warm, wet climates. In the USA, approximately 70 years ago, bacterial pustules were eliminated by introducing a recessive resistance allele, rxp, of the Rxp gene, representing the first example of successful soybean breeding for durable disease resistance in North America. In this study, we isolated this historical Rxp gene from resistant soybean varieties using positional cloning. The 1.06 Mb region where Rxp was reported to reside was narrowed down to an 11.1 kb region containing a single gene, Glyma.17g090500. The resistance allele, rxp, contains a T insertion. A complementation test of the Rxp allele in resistant plants confirmed the identification of the Rxp gene. The product of the susceptible wild-type allele, Rxp, is presumed to be a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor with an aspartate kinase, chorismate mutase, and TyrA (ACT)-like domain. This gene was mainly expressed in extended leaves, and its homologs were identified to be distributed in angiosperms. A total of six alleles were obtained: four from spontaneous variation, including the wild-type and three mutant alleles that encoded truncated proteins, and two from ethyl methanesulfonate mutants, including an allele that encoded a truncated protein and a missense allele. By evaluating the resistance of these six alleles, we found that the loss of function of RXP decreased the bacterial pustule lesions. This study provides important insights into the soybean rxp allele, which confers durable resistance to bacterial pustules.

关键信息:大豆 Rxp 基因编码一个 bHLH 转录因子和一个类似 ACT 的结构域,其等位基因 rxp 产生的截短蛋白可产生对引起脓疱病的 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 的抗性。在温暖潮湿的气候条件下,黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines)引起的大豆细菌性脓疱病会导致大豆过早落叶和减产。大约 70 年前,美国通过引入 Rxp 基因的隐性抗性等位基因 rxp,消除了细菌性脓疱病,这是北美地区成功培育大豆持久抗病性的第一个范例。在本研究中,我们利用定位克隆技术从抗病大豆品种中分离出了这一历史性的 Rxp 基因。据报道,Rxp 所在的 1.06 Mb 区域被缩小到包含单个基因 Glyma.17g090500 的 11.1 kb 区域。抗性等位基因 rxp 包含一个 T 插入。在抗性植株中对 Rxp 等位基因的互补试验证实了 Rxp 基因的鉴定。据推测,易感野生型等位基因 Rxp 的产物是一种基本螺旋环螺旋(bHLH)转录因子,具有天冬氨酸激酶、络氨酸突变酶和 TyrA(ACT)样结构域。该基因主要在伸展的叶片中表达,其同源物在被子植物中也有分布。共获得了六个等位基因:四个来自自发变异,包括野生型和三个编码截短蛋白的突变等位基因;两个来自甲磺酸乙酯突变体,包括一个编码截短蛋白的等位基因和一个错义等位基因。通过评估这六个等位基因的抗性,我们发现 RXP 的功能缺失会减少细菌脓疱病的发生。这项研究为大豆 rxp 等位基因提供了重要的启示,该等位基因赋予了大豆对细菌脓疱病的持久抗性。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to stripe rust in spring wheat line PI 660072. 春小麦品系 PI 660072 抗条锈病数量性状位点的全基因组测绘。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04760-4
Xinli Zhou, Yuqi Wang, Yuqi Luo, Jie Shuai, Guoyun Jia, Hongyang Chen, Liangqi Zhang, Hao Chen, Xin Li, Kebing Huang, Suizhuang Yang, Meinan Wang, Yong Ren, Gang Li, Xianming Chen

Key message: Two major QTL for resistance to stripe rust were mapped on chromosome 2BL and 4BL in spring wheat PI 660072, and their KASP markers were developed. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. Identifying resistance genes is crucial for developing resistant cultivars to control the disease. Spring wheat PI 660072 (Triticum aestivum) has been identified to possess both adult-plant resistance (APR) and all-stage resistance (ASR) to stripe rust. To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance in PI 660072, a mapping population consisting of 211 F5-F7 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross of PI 660072 with susceptible spring wheat Avocet S. The mapping population was phenotyped for stripe rust responses across five field environments from 2020 to 2022 and genotyped using the 15 K SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array to map stripe rust resistance loci. The mapping population was also tested at the seedling stage with predominant Chinese Pst races CYR31, CYR32, CYR34 and PST-YX1-3-1 in the greenhouse. Stripe rust resistance genes were identified using the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach. Two QTL were identified with QYrPI660072.swust-2BL mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B for ASR and QYrPI660072.swust-4BL on the long arm of chromosome 4B for APR. To facilitate marker-assisted selection breeding, Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, KASP-1269 for QYrPI660072.swust-2BL and KASP-3209 for QYrPI660072.swust-4BL, were developed. These markers could be used to introgress the effective resistance QTL into new wheat cultivars.

关键信息:在春小麦 PI 660072 的 2BL 和 4BL 染色体上绘制了抗条锈病的两个主要 QTL,并开发了它们的 KASP 标记。由条锈病菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici,Pst)引起的条锈病是全球小麦最具毁灭性的病害之一。鉴定抗性基因对于培育抗病品种以控制该病害至关重要。春小麦 PI 660072(Triticum aestivum)已被确定具有对条锈病的成株抗性(APR)和全生育期抗性(ASR)。为了阐明 PI 660072 抗性的遗传基础,从 PI 660072 与易感春小麦 Avocet S 的杂交中培育出了一个由 211 个 F5-F7 重组育种系(RIL)组成的测绘群体。从 2020 年到 2022 年,对该测绘群体在五个田间环境中的条锈病反应进行了表型分析,并使用 15 K SNP(单核苷酸多态性)阵列进行了基因分型,以绘制条锈病抗性位点图。此外,还在温室中用主要的中国 Pst 株系 CYR31、CYR32、CYR34 和 PST-YX1-3-1 对制图群体进行了苗期测试。利用数量性状位点(QTL)作图法确定了条锈病抗性基因。确定了两个 QTL,QYrPI660072.swust-2BL 映射在 ASR 的 2B 染色体长臂上,QYrPI660072.swust-4BL 映射在 APR 的 4B 染色体长臂上。为促进标记辅助选择育种,开发了竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR(KASP)标记,即 QYrPI660072.swust-2BL 的 KASP-1269 和 QYrPI660072.swust-4BL 的 KASP-3209。这些标记可用于将有效抗性 QTL 导入新的小麦栽培品种。
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引用次数: 0
Phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the semi-dwarf mutant sdw9 in maize. 玉米半矮突变体 sdw9 的表型特征和遗传图谱。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04762-2
Jiawen Zhao, Baiyu Yuan, Hao Zhang, Xiao Guo, Liangfa Wang, Xiaoqian Qiu, QianKun Xie, Liqin Mu, Chenhui Ma, Teng Zhou, Javed Hussain, Xiaoyang Chen, Xuehai Zhang, Dong Ding, Jiong Wan, Jihua Tang

Key message: In summary, we characterized a maize semi-dwarf mutant, sdw9, and successfully isolated the responsible gene, which encodes a GRAS protein, through a combination of map-based cloning and Re-sequencing (Re-seq). Our findings demonstrate that the candidate gene ZmGRAS42 regulates BR signaling genes, thereby influencing internode development. This regulatory function likely involves processes such as cell division, cell cycle regulation and cell wall synthesis. Favorable variations of ZmGRAS42 identified in this study may hold promise for the development of lodging-resistant maize cultivars suitable for high-density planting, contributing to the improvement of maize breeding programs. Plant height and lateral root angle are crucial determinants of plant architecture in maize (Zea mays) which are closely related to lodging resistance at high planting density. These traits are intricately regulated by various phytohormones. Mutations affecting hormone biosynthesis and signaling often lead to reduced yield alongside diminished plant height, posing challenges in breeding dwarf maize varieties. In this study, the maize mutant sdw9 was characterized, which displays shorter stature and altered lateral root angle compared to WT, while showing potential to increase planting density and improve overall yield despite a slight reduction in single-ear yield. Employing positional cloning coupled with Re-seq techniques, we pinpointed a transposon insertion in the candidate gene ZmGRAS42, which encodes a GRAS transcription factor involved in BR signaling in maize. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ZmGRAS42 orchestrates the expression of several known dwarfing genes such as D8, Br2, and Na2, along with genes associated with cell wall organization, cell division, and cell cycle regulation, notably Cesa4, Cesa7, and Cyc11. Furthermore, identification of favorable ZmGRAS42 haplotypes linked to reduced plant height offers novel avenues for maize breeding strategies. These findings not only hold the potential for enhancing maize lodging resistance but also for optimizing land utilization through high-density planting practices.

关键信息:综上所述,我们对玉米半矮小突变体 sdw9 进行了鉴定,并通过基于图谱的克隆和测序(Re-sequencing,Re-seq)相结合的方法成功分离出了编码 GRAS 蛋白的责任基因。我们的研究结果表明,候选基因 ZmGRAS42 可调控 BR 信号转导基因,从而影响节间发育。这种调控功能可能涉及细胞分裂、细胞周期调控和细胞壁合成等过程。本研究发现的 ZmGRAS42 的有利变异可能有望培育出适合高密度种植的抗倒伏玉米品种,从而促进玉米育种计划的改进。株高和侧根角是玉米(Zea mays)植株结构的关键决定因素,它们与高密度种植时的抗倒伏性密切相关。这些性状受到各种植物激素的复杂调控。影响激素生物合成和信号传导的突变通常会导致产量下降,同时株高降低,这给培育矮秆玉米品种带来了挑战。本研究对玉米突变体 sdw9 进行了表征,与 WT 相比,sdw9 表现出较矮的株型和改变的侧根角度,尽管单穗产量略有减少,但仍显示出增加种植密度和提高总产量的潜力。通过定位克隆和Re-seq技术,我们确定了候选基因ZmGRAS42中的转座子插入,该基因编码一个参与玉米BR信号转导的GRAS转录因子。转录组分析表明,ZmGRAS42协调了几个已知矮化基因(如D8、Br2和Na2)以及与细胞壁组织、细胞分裂和细胞周期调控有关的基因(特别是Cesa4、Cesa7和Cyc11)的表达。此外,与植株高度降低有关的有利 ZmGRAS42 单倍型的鉴定为玉米育种策略提供了新的途径。这些发现不仅有可能提高玉米的抗倒伏能力,还能通过高密度种植优化土地利用。
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引用次数: 0
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Theoretical and Applied Genetics
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