Pub Date : 2024-11-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241294020
Waleed ALDhabaan, Saleh Ghulaysi, Albatool Alqahtani, Eman Hurissi, Manar M Alamri, Almuhannad G Alnami, Ahmed H Sumayli, Yahya A Dhamri, Amani A Mosleh, Ethar A Khawaji, Abdullah A Alshahrani, Abdulsalam S Alfaifi, Saja M Alghamdi
Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva due to hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens. Understanding its epidemiology and clinical characteristics is crucial for effective management and public health interventions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, triggers, and associated factors of allergic conjunctivitis among residents of the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, including descriptive statistics and bivariable/multivariable analyses.
Results: A total of 693 participants were recruited through convenience sampling via online platforms. Among the participants, 73.9% reported ocular symptoms, while 26.1% did not. Dust emerged as the most common trigger for ocular symptoms (32.9%), followed by eye drops/contact lenses (8.7%), animal dander (6.9%), and chemicals (5.8%). Notably, 39.7% reported experiencing ocular symptoms throughout the year. Despite the prevalence of ocular symptoms, only 26.7% consulted an ophthalmologist. Multivariable analysis revealed that gender and seasonal variation in symptoms were associated with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis. Females showed a lower odds ratio (OR) of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis compared to males (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29-1.31), and participants experiencing symptoms with no specific season had significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.72). A history of allergic rhinitis demonstrated a strong positive association with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.83-7.75).
Conclusion: The study highlights the considerable burden of allergic conjunctivitis and the underutilization of healthcare services among affected individuals in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Tailored interventions and increased awareness are essential for effective management and mitigation of allergic conjunctivitis's impact on affected individuals and healthcare systems.
{"title":"Clinical characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Waleed ALDhabaan, Saleh Ghulaysi, Albatool Alqahtani, Eman Hurissi, Manar M Alamri, Almuhannad G Alnami, Ahmed H Sumayli, Yahya A Dhamri, Amani A Mosleh, Ethar A Khawaji, Abdullah A Alshahrani, Abdulsalam S Alfaifi, Saja M Alghamdi","doi":"10.1177/25158414241294020","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241294020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva due to hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens. Understanding its epidemiology and clinical characteristics is crucial for effective management and public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, triggers, and associated factors of allergic conjunctivitis among residents of the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, including descriptive statistics and bivariable/multivariable analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 693 participants were recruited through convenience sampling via online platforms. Among the participants, 73.9% reported ocular symptoms, while 26.1% did not. Dust emerged as the most common trigger for ocular symptoms (32.9%), followed by eye drops/contact lenses (8.7%), animal dander (6.9%), and chemicals (5.8%). Notably, 39.7% reported experiencing ocular symptoms throughout the year. Despite the prevalence of ocular symptoms, only 26.7% consulted an ophthalmologist. Multivariable analysis revealed that gender and seasonal variation in symptoms were associated with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis. Females showed a lower odds ratio (OR) of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis compared to males (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29-1.31), and participants experiencing symptoms with no specific season had significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.72). A history of allergic rhinitis demonstrated a strong positive association with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.83-7.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the considerable burden of allergic conjunctivitis and the underutilization of healthcare services among affected individuals in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Tailored interventions and increased awareness are essential for effective management and mitigation of allergic conjunctivitis's impact on affected individuals and healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241294024
Melanie Haar, Franz Felix Konen, Marten A Gehlhaar, Irene Oluwatoba-Popoola, Emilia Donicova, Marija Wachsmann, Ahmed Lubbad, Katerina Hufendiek, Amelie Pielen, Bettina Hohberger, Christian Mardin, Stefan Gingele, Nils K Prenzler, Diana Ernst, Torsten Witte, Carsten Framme, Thomas Skripuletz, Tabea Seeliger, Anna Bajor
Background: Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by sicca symptoms and various extraglandular manifestations including vasculitis. Neurological involvement occurs frequently (Neuro-Sjögren) and often mimics immune neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).
Objectives: We aim to assess relevant differences in vessel density (VD) in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in those diseases to use it as an easily available diagnostic tool.
Design: Prospective, monocentric pilot-study.
Methods: OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering OCT SPECTRALIS) of the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the retina was prospectively performed in Neuro-Sjögren, age-matched CIDP patients (n = 31, each), and healthy controls (n = 30). Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was measured with Erlangen Angio Tool.
Results: Significantly lower VD were found for the DCP and ICP in Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002 and <0.0001). When group comparison was age-adjusted, these differences were not found anymore. Different frequencies of "low" retinal blood flow in each layer comparing Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients were not found. FAZ revealed no significant differences between patients with Neuro-Sjögren, CIDP and healthy controls.
Conclusion: This study found no significant differences in VD or the foveal avascular zone between Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients using OCTA, suggesting that inflammatory vascular changes in the retina are uncommon in Neuro-Sjögren patients.
{"title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography to assess for retinal vascular changes in Neuro-Sjögren.","authors":"Melanie Haar, Franz Felix Konen, Marten A Gehlhaar, Irene Oluwatoba-Popoola, Emilia Donicova, Marija Wachsmann, Ahmed Lubbad, Katerina Hufendiek, Amelie Pielen, Bettina Hohberger, Christian Mardin, Stefan Gingele, Nils K Prenzler, Diana Ernst, Torsten Witte, Carsten Framme, Thomas Skripuletz, Tabea Seeliger, Anna Bajor","doi":"10.1177/25158414241294024","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241294024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by sicca symptoms and various extraglandular manifestations including vasculitis. Neurological involvement occurs frequently (Neuro-Sjögren) and often mimics immune neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aim to assess relevant differences in vessel density (VD) in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in those diseases to use it as an easily available diagnostic tool.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, monocentric pilot-study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering OCT SPECTRALIS) of the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the retina was prospectively performed in Neuro-Sjögren, age-matched CIDP patients (<i>n</i> = 31, each), and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 30). Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was measured with Erlangen Angio Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly lower VD were found for the DCP and ICP in Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients compared to healthy controls (<i>p</i> = 0.0002 and <0.0001). When group comparison was age-adjusted, these differences were not found anymore. Different frequencies of \"low\" retinal blood flow in each layer comparing Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients were not found. FAZ revealed no significant differences between patients with Neuro-Sjögren, CIDP and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found no significant differences in VD or the foveal avascular zone between Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients using OCTA, suggesting that inflammatory vascular changes in the retina are uncommon in Neuro-Sjögren patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241280201
Holly Bridge, Abigail Wyllie, Aaron Kay, Bailey Rand, Lucy Starling, Rebecca S Millington-Truby, William T Clarke, Jasleen K Jolly, I Betina Ip
Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which people with vision loss experience complex visual hallucinations. These complex visual hallucinations may be caused by increased excitability in the visual cortex that are present in some people with vision loss but not others.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the visual cortex and CBS. We also tested the relationship among visually evoked responses, functional connectivity, and CBS.
Design: This is a prospective, case-controlled, cross-sectional observational study.
Methods: We applied 3-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as task-based and resting state (RS) connectivity functional magnetic resonance imaging in six participants with CBS and six controls without CBS. GABA+ was measured in the early visual cortex (EVC) and in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC). Participants also completed visual acuity and cognitive tests, and the North-East Visual Hallucinations Interview.
Results: The two groups were well-matched for age, gender, visual acuity and cognitive scores. There was no difference in GABA+ levels between groups in the visual cortex. Most participants showed the expected blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation to images of objects and the phase-scrambled control. Using a fixed effects analysis, we found that BOLD activation was greater in participants with CBS compared to controls. Analysis of RS connectivity with LOC and EVC showed little difference between groups. A fixed effects analysis showed a correlation between the extent of functional connectivity with LOC and hallucination strength.
Conclusion: Overall, our results provide no strong evidence for an association between GABAergic inhibition in the visual cortex and CBS. We only found subtle differences in visual function and connectivity between groups. These findings suggest that the neurochemistry and visual connectivity for people with Charles Bonnet hallucinations are comparable to a sight loss population. Differences between groups may emerge when investigating subtle and transient changes that occur at the time of visual hallucinations.
背景:查尔斯-博内特综合征(CBS)是一种视力丧失患者会出现复杂视幻觉的病症。这些复杂的视觉幻觉可能是由视觉皮层兴奋性增高引起的,有些视力丧失患者会出现这种幻觉,而另一些患者则不会:我们旨在评估视觉皮层中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)与CBS之间的关系。我们还测试了视觉诱发反应、功能连接和 CBS 之间的关系:这是一项前瞻性、病例对照、横断面观察研究:方法:我们对六名患有 CBS 的参与者和六名未患 CBS 的对照者进行了 3-Tesla 磁共振波谱分析,以及基于任务和静息状态 (RS) 连接的功能磁共振成像。对早期视觉皮层(EVC)和外侧枕叶皮层(LOC)的 GABA+ 进行了测量。参与者还完成了视力和认知测试以及东北视幻觉访谈:结果:两组患者在年龄、性别、视力和认知评分方面完全匹配。视觉皮层中的 GABA+ 水平在两组之间没有差异。大多数参与者对物体图像和相位乱码对照组表现出预期的血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)激活。通过固定效应分析,我们发现与对照组相比,CBS 患者的 BOLD 激活程度更高。对 RS 与 LOC 和 EVC 连接性的分析表明,组间差异很小。固定效应分析表明,与 LOC 的功能连接程度与幻觉强度之间存在相关性:总之,我们的研究结果没有提供强有力的证据证明视觉皮层中的 GABA 能抑制与 CBS 之间存在关联。我们只发现了不同组之间在视觉功能和连接性方面的细微差别。这些研究结果表明,查尔斯-博奈幻觉患者的神经化学和视觉连通性与失明人群相似。在研究出现视觉幻觉时发生的微妙和短暂变化时,可能会发现不同群体之间存在差异。
{"title":"Neurochemistry and functional connectivity in the brain of people with Charles Bonnet syndrome.","authors":"Holly Bridge, Abigail Wyllie, Aaron Kay, Bailey Rand, Lucy Starling, Rebecca S Millington-Truby, William T Clarke, Jasleen K Jolly, I Betina Ip","doi":"10.1177/25158414241280201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414241280201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which people with vision loss experience complex visual hallucinations. These complex visual hallucinations may be caused by increased excitability in the visual cortex that are present in some people with vision loss but not others.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the association between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the visual cortex and CBS. We also tested the relationship among visually evoked responses, functional connectivity, and CBS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a prospective, case-controlled, cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied 3-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as task-based and resting state (RS) connectivity functional magnetic resonance imaging in six participants with CBS and six controls without CBS. GABA+ was measured in the early visual cortex (EVC) and in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC). Participants also completed visual acuity and cognitive tests, and the North-East Visual Hallucinations Interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups were well-matched for age, gender, visual acuity and cognitive scores. There was no difference in GABA+ levels between groups in the visual cortex. Most participants showed the expected blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation to images of objects and the phase-scrambled control. Using a fixed effects analysis, we found that BOLD activation was greater in participants with CBS compared to controls. Analysis of RS connectivity with LOC and EVC showed little difference between groups. A fixed effects analysis showed a correlation between the extent of functional connectivity with LOC and hallucination strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our results provide no strong evidence for an association between GABAergic inhibition in the visual cortex and CBS. We only found subtle differences in visual function and connectivity between groups. These findings suggest that the neurochemistry and visual connectivity for people with Charles Bonnet hallucinations are comparable to a sight loss population. Differences between groups may emerge when investigating subtle and transient changes that occur at the time of visual hallucinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241287431
Ticiana De Francesco, Jason Bacharach, Oluwatosin Smith, Manjool Shah
The glaucoma treatment paradigm is starting to change from a more reactive approach that relies on topical medications to a more proactive approach that leverages procedural interventions. This evolution toward interventional glaucoma has been enabled by a growing array of lower-risk minimally invasive procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, and procedural pharmaceuticals. A common feature of these glaucoma interventions-as with all glaucoma interventions-is the need for early, prompt, and accurate diagnosis. The present review summarizes new and upcoming developments in glaucoma diagnostics. These include technologies and techniques for home-based intraocular pressure measurement, novel visual field platforms, photography- and optical coherence tomography-based visualization, and artificial intelligence applications. They also include emerging technologies such as mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, detection of apoptosing retinal cells, collector channel visualization, and genetic testing. These diagnostic modalities have the potential to circumvent the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. By increasing the frequency and feasibility of obtaining valuable glaucoma data with more rapid detection of disease and progression, these diagnostics may enable an interventional approach to glaucoma treatment for the betterment of patient care.
{"title":"Early diagnostics and interventional glaucoma.","authors":"Ticiana De Francesco, Jason Bacharach, Oluwatosin Smith, Manjool Shah","doi":"10.1177/25158414241287431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414241287431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glaucoma treatment paradigm is starting to change from a more reactive approach that relies on topical medications to a more proactive approach that leverages procedural interventions. This evolution toward interventional glaucoma has been enabled by a growing array of lower-risk minimally invasive procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, and procedural pharmaceuticals. A common feature of these glaucoma interventions-as with all glaucoma interventions-is the need for early, prompt, and accurate diagnosis. The present review summarizes new and upcoming developments in glaucoma diagnostics. These include technologies and techniques for home-based intraocular pressure measurement, novel visual field platforms, photography- and optical coherence tomography-based visualization, and artificial intelligence applications. They also include emerging technologies such as mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, detection of apoptosing retinal cells, collector channel visualization, and genetic testing. These diagnostic modalities have the potential to circumvent the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. By increasing the frequency and feasibility of obtaining valuable glaucoma data with more rapid detection of disease and progression, these diagnostics may enable an interventional approach to glaucoma treatment for the betterment of patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241275444
Bethany Higgins, Deanna Taylor, David Crabb, Tamsin Callaghan
Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment.
Objective: To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL).
Design: Cross-sectional.
Methods: Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses.
Results: The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = -0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (p = 0.017; rho = -0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (p = 0.002, adj R2 = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found.
Conclusion: Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS.
背景:查尔斯-邦内特综合征(CBS)是一种以视力障碍患者出现生动而复杂的视觉幻觉为特征的疾病:目的:探讨情绪困扰与查尔斯-邦奈特综合征症状对参与者生活影响之间的关系。我们检验了以下假设:负面情绪的增加与对 CBS 症状更消极的评价、自我报告的孤独感增加以及生活质量(QOL)降低有关:设计:横断面:方法:主要通过与视力有关的慈善机构招募的参与者用李克特量表对其幻觉及其影响进行评分。孤独感和消极情绪通过三项目孤独感量表和积极与消极情绪表进行评估。此外,还对健康指数(EQ-5D-3L)和视力相关 QOL(VF-9)进行了评估。相关分析和多变量回归确定了调查回答之间的关系:在 126 名受访者中,大多数(81%)的年龄在 65 岁以上,84% 的受访者报告了活跃的 CBS 症状。55% 的受访者将 CBS 的影响评为负面,没有人将其影响评为 "非常愉快"。CBS 的影响与负面情绪(p ⩽ 0.001;rho = -0.34)和 CBS 的影响与孤独感(p = 0.017;rho = -0.21)之间存在统计学意义上的相关性。如果考虑到孤独感的影响以及孤独感与 CBS 效果之间的关系(p = 0.002,adj R 2 = 0.1),消极情绪与 CBS 影响之间的关系在统计上仍然显著。孤独感与负面情绪之间也存在统计学意义上的相关性(p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55):结论:经历过负面情绪的受访者更有可能认为 CBS 症状的影响是负面的,并报告出更强烈的孤独感。在评估 CBS 患者时,消极情绪是一个重要的考虑因素。
{"title":"Emotional well-being in Charles Bonnet syndrome: exploring associations with negative affect, loneliness and quality of life.","authors":"Bethany Higgins, Deanna Taylor, David Crabb, Tamsin Callaghan","doi":"10.1177/25158414241275444","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241275444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (<i>p</i> ⩽ 0.001; rho = -0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (<i>p</i> = 0.017; rho = -0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (<i>p</i> = 0.002, adj <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (<i>p</i> ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241280187
Bhargavee Gnanasambandam, Jacob Prince, Siddharth Limaye, Eric Moran, Ben Lee, Justin Huynh, Joseph Irudayaraj, Michael Tsipursky
Retinal hypoxia stands as a pivotal yet often underappreciated factor in the etiology and progression of many retinal disorders such as glaucoma, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and retinal artery occlusions. Current treatment methodologies fail to directly address the underlying pathophysiology of hypoxia and aim to improve ischemia through alternative methods. In this review, we discuss the critical role of retinal hypoxia in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases and highlight the need for innovative therapeutic strategies that address the root cause of these conditions. As our understanding of retinal hypoxia continues to evolve, the emergence of new technologies holds the promise of more effective treatments, offering hope to patients at risk of vision loss.
{"title":"Addressing retinal hypoxia: pathophysiology, therapeutic innovations, and future prospects.","authors":"Bhargavee Gnanasambandam, Jacob Prince, Siddharth Limaye, Eric Moran, Ben Lee, Justin Huynh, Joseph Irudayaraj, Michael Tsipursky","doi":"10.1177/25158414241280187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414241280187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal hypoxia stands as a pivotal yet often underappreciated factor in the etiology and progression of many retinal disorders such as glaucoma, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and retinal artery occlusions. Current treatment methodologies fail to directly address the underlying pathophysiology of hypoxia and aim to improve ischemia through alternative methods. In this review, we discuss the critical role of retinal hypoxia in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases and highlight the need for innovative therapeutic strategies that address the root cause of these conditions. As our understanding of retinal hypoxia continues to evolve, the emergence of new technologies holds the promise of more effective treatments, offering hope to patients at risk of vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241240687
Steven Baker, Dylan Baker, Robert Baker, Craig J Brown
This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other vitamins via Ocufolin®, a medical food. Subjects were followed for 10-33 months by a single ophthalmologist. Ocufolin® was prescribed at the time of diagnosis and subjects remained on the regimen throughout the time of observation. Examinations were performed in an un-masked fashion at 3-month intervals with recording of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average retinal nerve fiber layer (ARNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fundus (examination of the retina, macula, optic nerve, and vessels) photography. Testing was done for vitamin deficiencies, vascular and coagulable risk factors, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Vitamin deficiencies and vascular risk factors were found in all subjects, and all four tested subjects carried at least one MTHFR polymorphism. By the end of the study period BCVA in all subjects was 20/25 or better. Cystoid macular edema was identified and measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percent change was calculated and plotted at 3-month intervals using the percent change in thickness from the time of diagnosis and percent change toward normative values for ARNFL and CMT. The total reduction in thickness of ARNFL and CMT from time of diagnosis was 44.19% and 30.27%, respectively. The comparison to normative data shows a reduction of ARNFL from 164.2% to 94% and CMT from 154.4% to 112.7% of normal thickness (100%). Plots showed the aggregate recovery was most rapid over the first 3 months and slowed over the next 3 months with most of the recovery taking place within 6 months of treatment. The rate of improvement in BCVA and resolution of retinal thickening was found to be better than predicted on historical grounds. No subjects progressed from nonischemic to ischemic RVO. Vitamin deficiencies, vascular risk factors, and genetic predisposition to oxidative stress were common in this RVO series. It appears that addressing these factors with Ocufolin® had a salutary effect on recovery.
{"title":"Case series of retinal vein occlusions showing early recovery using oral l-methylfolate.","authors":"Steven Baker, Dylan Baker, Robert Baker, Craig J Brown","doi":"10.1177/25158414241240687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414241240687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other vitamins <i>via</i> Ocufolin<sup>®</sup>, a medical food. Subjects were followed for 10-33 months by a single ophthalmologist. Ocufolin<sup>®</sup> was prescribed at the time of diagnosis and subjects remained on the regimen throughout the time of observation. Examinations were performed in an un-masked fashion at 3-month intervals with recording of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average retinal nerve fiber layer (ARNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fundus (examination of the retina, macula, optic nerve, and vessels) photography. Testing was done for vitamin deficiencies, vascular and coagulable risk factors, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Vitamin deficiencies and vascular risk factors were found in all subjects, and all four tested subjects carried at least one MTHFR polymorphism. By the end of the study period BCVA in all subjects was 20/25 or better. Cystoid macular edema was identified and measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percent change was calculated and plotted at 3-month intervals using the percent change in thickness from the time of diagnosis and percent change toward normative values for ARNFL and CMT. The total reduction in thickness of ARNFL and CMT from time of diagnosis was 44.19% and 30.27%, respectively. The comparison to normative data shows a reduction of ARNFL from 164.2% to 94% and CMT from 154.4% to 112.7% of normal thickness (100%). Plots showed the aggregate recovery was most rapid over the first 3 months and slowed over the next 3 months with most of the recovery taking place within 6 months of treatment. The rate of improvement in BCVA and resolution of retinal thickening was found to be better than predicted on historical grounds. No subjects progressed from nonischemic to ischemic RVO. Vitamin deficiencies, vascular risk factors, and genetic predisposition to oxidative stress were common in this RVO series. It appears that addressing these factors with Ocufolin<sup>®</sup> had a salutary effect on recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11020740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241232285
Dalia Abdulhussein, Lee Jones, Sri Harsha Dintakurti, Mariya Moosajee
Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by visual hallucinations occurring in people with visual impairment. CBS can negatively impact psychological well-being, and the COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with an exacerbation of symptoms.
Objectives: To compare clinical practice patterns and reporting of CBS at a tertiary eye care center between an interval prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and an interval during the pandemic.
Design: Retrospective chart review.
Methods: A search of electronic medical records for all suspected CBS cases was conducted between 1 March 2019 and 29 February 2020 (prior pandemic interval) and between 1 September 2020 and 29 August 2021 (peri-pandemic interval). Data retrieved from records included patient demographics, visual acuity at the time of CBS onset, type of hallucinations, reporting healthcare professional, management strategies and patient-reported impact of hallucinations.
Results: In total, 223 appointments referred to CBS in 156 patients at the prior interval, while 239 appointments referred to CBS in 155 patients at the peri-pandemic interval, representing 0.07% and 0.09% of all hospital attendance, respectively. Clinical subspecialty where CBS was most commonly reported was medical retina, and a greater proportion of patients at both time intervals were female. Types of hallucinations, management strategies and patient-reported impact were seldom reported, although documentation improved at the latter interval.
Conclusion: Practice patterns and patient characteristics were similar between the two intervals; however, subtle differences suggest a growing awareness of CBS. Targeted interventions in high-burden clinical subspecialties may encourage reporting and improve documentation of CBS.
背景:查尔斯-波奈综合征(CBS)的特征是视力受损者出现视幻觉。CBS 可对心理健康产生负面影响,COVID-19 大流行期间症状加剧:目的:比较一家三级眼科医疗中心在 COVID-19 大流行前和大流行期间的临床实践模式和 CBS 报告情况:设计:回顾性病历审查:方法:对2019年3月1日至2020年2月29日(大流行前)和2020年9月1日至2021年8月29日(大流行期间)期间所有疑似CBS病例的电子病历进行检索。从记录中检索到的数据包括患者人口统计学特征、CBS发病时的视力、幻觉类型、报告的医护人员、管理策略以及患者报告的幻觉影响:在之前的间歇期,共有156名患者的223次就诊涉及CBS,而在围大流行期间,共有155名患者的239次就诊涉及CBS,分别占所有就诊人数的0.07%和0.09%。最常报告 CBS 的临床亚专科是内科视网膜,两个时间段中女性患者的比例都较高。幻觉的类型、处理策略和患者报告的影响很少被报告,尽管在后一个时间段记录的情况有所改善:结论:两个时间段的实践模式和患者特征相似;但细微的差异表明,人们对 CBS 的认识在不断提高。在高负担临床亚专科采取有针对性的干预措施可鼓励报告并改善 CBS 的记录。
{"title":"Practice patterns in reporting and documentation of Charles Bonnet syndrome: a retrospective review following COVID-19.","authors":"Dalia Abdulhussein, Lee Jones, Sri Harsha Dintakurti, Mariya Moosajee","doi":"10.1177/25158414241232285","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241232285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by visual hallucinations occurring in people with visual impairment. CBS can negatively impact psychological well-being, and the COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with an exacerbation of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare clinical practice patterns and reporting of CBS at a tertiary eye care center between an interval prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and an interval during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of electronic medical records for all suspected CBS cases was conducted between 1 March 2019 and 29 February 2020 (prior pandemic interval) and between 1 September 2020 and 29 August 2021 (peri-pandemic interval). Data retrieved from records included patient demographics, visual acuity at the time of CBS onset, type of hallucinations, reporting healthcare professional, management strategies and patient-reported impact of hallucinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 223 appointments referred to CBS in 156 patients at the prior interval, while 239 appointments referred to CBS in 155 patients at the peri-pandemic interval, representing 0.07% and 0.09% of all hospital attendance, respectively. Clinical subspecialty where CBS was most commonly reported was medical retina, and a greater proportion of patients at both time intervals were female. Types of hallucinations, management strategies and patient-reported impact were seldom reported, although documentation improved at the latter interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Practice patterns and patient characteristics were similar between the two intervals; however, subtle differences suggest a growing awareness of CBS. Targeted interventions in high-burden clinical subspecialties may encourage reporting and improve documentation of CBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10976482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414241237713
Panos S Gartaganis, Panagiota D Natsi, Sotirios P Gartaganis, Petros G Koutsoukos, Horst Helbig
We report an unusual, rare case of opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) 23 years after the initial surgery with significant visual deterioration. Opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic IOL was primarily due to the formation of folds on the surface of the lens material, and less so due to calcium phosphate deposits. Calcification opacification can be attributed to recent events, as evidenced by deposits of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO42H2O) and octacalcium phosphate (Ca8H2(PO4)65H2O), both of which are transient calcium phosphate phases, converting hydrolytically to the thermodynamically most stable hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). To our knowledge, this case of hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification is the only one that has been described so late, 23 years after cataract surgery.
{"title":"A unique late-onset intraocular lens opacification 23 years after implantation: a clinical and laboratory case report.","authors":"Panos S Gartaganis, Panagiota D Natsi, Sotirios P Gartaganis, Petros G Koutsoukos, Horst Helbig","doi":"10.1177/25158414241237713","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241237713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report an unusual, rare case of opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) 23 years after the initial surgery with significant visual deterioration. Opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic IOL was primarily due to the formation of folds on the surface of the lens material, and less so due to calcium phosphate deposits. Calcification opacification can be attributed to recent events, as evidenced by deposits of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO<sub>4</sub>2H<sub>2</sub>O) and octacalcium phosphate (Ca<sub>8</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>5H<sub>2</sub>O), both of which are transient calcium phosphate phases, converting hydrolytically to the thermodynamically most stable hydroxyapatite (Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>). To our knowledge, this case of hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification is the only one that has been described so late, 23 years after cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10964437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric corneal transplant is a highly demanding and technically challenging procedure for the cornea surgeon in today's era. These cases pose unique challenges in clinical and surgical management. The indications of pediatric corneal transplant can be therapeutic, tectonic, optical, and cosmetic. Pediatric patients undergoing corneal transplants are at a high risk of graft infection, failure, rejection, dehiscence, and amblyopia due to young age, robust immune system, increased incidence of trauma, and compliance issues. The other factors contributing to graft failure can be allograft rejection, secondary glaucoma, corneal vascularization, multiple surgeries, vitreous prolapse, and lack of treatment compliance. A successful corneal transplant in children depends on meticulous preoperative evaluation, uneventful surgery, the expertise of a corneal surgeon, and regular and timely postoperative follow-up. Therapeutic and optical penetrating keratoplasty are the most commonly performed transplants in children. However, with the advancements in surgical technique and management protocol, the current focus has shifted toward lamellar keratoplasty. Lamellar keratoplasty offers early visual recovery and potentially fewer complications. Visual rehabilitation through corneal transplant in otherwise blind eyes can be a boon for the children. Recently, keratoprostheses have been promising in children with multiple graft failures. The current review gives insights into epidemiology, etiology, indications, clinical characteristics, investigations, management options, recent advances, and the future of pediatric corneal transplants. As surgical techniques continue to grow and comprehension of pediatric corneal transplants is improving, we can safeguard these eyes with the best possible anatomical and functional outcomes.
{"title":"Pediatric corneal transplantation: techniques, challenges, and outcomes.","authors":"Bharat Gurnani, Kirandeep Kaur, Sameer Chaudhary, Ruminder Preet Kaur, Swatishree Nayak, Deepak Mishra, Harinikrishna Balakrishnan, Rohit Om Parkash, Arvind Kumar Morya, Amit Porwal","doi":"10.1177/25158414241237906","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241237906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric corneal transplant is a highly demanding and technically challenging procedure for the cornea surgeon in today's era. These cases pose unique challenges in clinical and surgical management. The indications of pediatric corneal transplant can be therapeutic, tectonic, optical, and cosmetic. Pediatric patients undergoing corneal transplants are at a high risk of graft infection, failure, rejection, dehiscence, and amblyopia due to young age, robust immune system, increased incidence of trauma, and compliance issues. The other factors contributing to graft failure can be allograft rejection, secondary glaucoma, corneal vascularization, multiple surgeries, vitreous prolapse, and lack of treatment compliance. A successful corneal transplant in children depends on meticulous preoperative evaluation, uneventful surgery, the expertise of a corneal surgeon, and regular and timely postoperative follow-up. Therapeutic and optical penetrating keratoplasty are the most commonly performed transplants in children. However, with the advancements in surgical technique and management protocol, the current focus has shifted toward lamellar keratoplasty. Lamellar keratoplasty offers early visual recovery and potentially fewer complications. Visual rehabilitation through corneal transplant in otherwise blind eyes can be a boon for the children. Recently, keratoprostheses have been promising in children with multiple graft failures. The current review gives insights into epidemiology, etiology, indications, clinical characteristics, investigations, management options, recent advances, and the future of pediatric corneal transplants. As surgical techniques continue to grow and comprehension of pediatric corneal transplants is improving, we can safeguard these eyes with the best possible anatomical and functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10964464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}