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Clinical characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. 沙特阿拉伯南部地区过敏性结膜炎的临床特征:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.3 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241294020
Waleed ALDhabaan, Saleh Ghulaysi, Albatool Alqahtani, Eman Hurissi, Manar M Alamri, Almuhannad G Alnami, Ahmed H Sumayli, Yahya A Dhamri, Amani A Mosleh, Ethar A Khawaji, Abdullah A Alshahrani, Abdulsalam S Alfaifi, Saja M Alghamdi

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva due to hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens. Understanding its epidemiology and clinical characteristics is crucial for effective management and public health interventions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, triggers, and associated factors of allergic conjunctivitis among residents of the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, including descriptive statistics and bivariable/multivariable analyses.

Results: A total of 693 participants were recruited through convenience sampling via online platforms. Among the participants, 73.9% reported ocular symptoms, while 26.1% did not. Dust emerged as the most common trigger for ocular symptoms (32.9%), followed by eye drops/contact lenses (8.7%), animal dander (6.9%), and chemicals (5.8%). Notably, 39.7% reported experiencing ocular symptoms throughout the year. Despite the prevalence of ocular symptoms, only 26.7% consulted an ophthalmologist. Multivariable analysis revealed that gender and seasonal variation in symptoms were associated with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis. Females showed a lower odds ratio (OR) of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis compared to males (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29-1.31), and participants experiencing symptoms with no specific season had significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.72). A history of allergic rhinitis demonstrated a strong positive association with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.83-7.75).

Conclusion: The study highlights the considerable burden of allergic conjunctivitis and the underutilization of healthcare services among affected individuals in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Tailored interventions and increased awareness are essential for effective management and mitigation of allergic conjunctivitis's impact on affected individuals and healthcare systems.

背景:过敏性结膜炎是一种常见的眼部疾病,其特点是对各种过敏原的超敏反应导致结膜发炎。了解过敏性结膜炎的流行病学和临床特征对于有效管理和公共卫生干预至关重要:这项横断面研究调查了沙特阿拉伯南部地区居民过敏性结膜炎的发病率、诱发因素和相关因素。通过谷歌表格进行结构化问卷调查,收集数据。统计分析使用 IBM SPSS 进行,包括描述性统计和双变量/多变量分析:通过在线平台的便利抽样,共招募了 693 名参与者。其中,73.9%的参与者报告了眼部症状,26.1%的参与者未报告眼部症状。灰尘是最常见的眼部症状诱因(32.9%),其次是眼药水/隐形眼镜(8.7%)、动物皮屑(6.9%)和化学物质(5.8%)。值得注意的是,39.7%的人表示全年都有眼部症状。尽管眼部症状很普遍,但只有 26.7% 的人咨询过眼科医生。多变量分析显示,性别和症状的季节性变化与过敏性结膜炎的诊断有关。与男性相比,女性被诊断为过敏性结膜炎的几率比(OR)较低(OR:0.62,95% CI:0.29-1.31),而无特定季节症状的参与者被诊断为过敏性结膜炎的几率明显较低(OR:0.28,95% CI:0.11-0.72)。过敏性鼻炎病史与过敏性结膜炎的诊断有很强的正相关性(OR:3.77,95% CI:1.83-7.75):这项研究凸显了沙特阿拉伯南部地区过敏性结膜炎所造成的巨大负担,以及受影响人群对医疗服务利用不足的问题。要有效管理和减轻过敏性结膜炎对患者和医疗系统的影响,就必须采取有针对性的干预措施并提高人们的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Optical coherence tomography angiography to assess for retinal vascular changes in Neuro-Sjögren. 用光学相干断层血管造影术评估神经性视网膜血管变化。
IF 2.3 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241294024
Melanie Haar, Franz Felix Konen, Marten A Gehlhaar, Irene Oluwatoba-Popoola, Emilia Donicova, Marija Wachsmann, Ahmed Lubbad, Katerina Hufendiek, Amelie Pielen, Bettina Hohberger, Christian Mardin, Stefan Gingele, Nils K Prenzler, Diana Ernst, Torsten Witte, Carsten Framme, Thomas Skripuletz, Tabea Seeliger, Anna Bajor

Background: Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by sicca symptoms and various extraglandular manifestations including vasculitis. Neurological involvement occurs frequently (Neuro-Sjögren) and often mimics immune neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Objectives: We aim to assess relevant differences in vessel density (VD) in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in those diseases to use it as an easily available diagnostic tool.

Design: Prospective, monocentric pilot-study.

Methods: OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering OCT SPECTRALIS) of the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the retina was prospectively performed in Neuro-Sjögren, age-matched CIDP patients (n = 31, each), and healthy controls (n = 30). Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was measured with Erlangen Angio Tool.

Results: Significantly lower VD were found for the DCP and ICP in Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002 and <0.0001). When group comparison was age-adjusted, these differences were not found anymore. Different frequencies of "low" retinal blood flow in each layer comparing Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients were not found. FAZ revealed no significant differences between patients with Neuro-Sjögren, CIDP and healthy controls.

Conclusion: This study found no significant differences in VD or the foveal avascular zone between Neuro-Sjögren and CIDP patients using OCTA, suggesting that inflammatory vascular changes in the retina are uncommon in Neuro-Sjögren patients.

背景:斯约格伦综合征是一种自身免疫性疾病,以眼症状和包括血管炎在内的各种腺外表现为特征。神经系统经常受累(Neuro-Sjögren),并经常模仿免疫性神经病,如慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(CIDP):我们旨在评估这些疾病的光学相干断层扫描血管造影术(OCTA)中血管密度(VD)的相关差异,以便将其作为一种简便的诊断工具:设计:前瞻性、单中心试点研究:方法:前瞻性地对神经性视网膜浅层血管丛、中间毛细血管丛(ICP)和深层毛细血管丛(DCP)进行了 OCTA(海德堡工程公司 OCT SPECTRALIS)检查。使用 Erlangen Angio 工具测量了血管密度(VD)和眼窝无血管区(FAZ):结果:与健康对照组相比,神经-Sjögren 和 CIDP 患者的 DCP 和 ICP 的血管密度明显较低(P = 0.0002):本研究利用 OCTA 发现,神经性视网膜病变患者和 CIDP 患者的 VD 或眼窝无血管区没有明显差异,这表明神经性视网膜病变患者的视网膜炎症性血管病变并不常见。
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引用次数: 0
Neurochemistry and functional connectivity in the brain of people with Charles Bonnet syndrome. 查尔斯-博内特综合征患者大脑的神经化学和功能连接。
IF 2.3 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241280201
Holly Bridge, Abigail Wyllie, Aaron Kay, Bailey Rand, Lucy Starling, Rebecca S Millington-Truby, William T Clarke, Jasleen K Jolly, I Betina Ip

Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which people with vision loss experience complex visual hallucinations. These complex visual hallucinations may be caused by increased excitability in the visual cortex that are present in some people with vision loss but not others.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the visual cortex and CBS. We also tested the relationship among visually evoked responses, functional connectivity, and CBS.

Design: This is a prospective, case-controlled, cross-sectional observational study.

Methods: We applied 3-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as task-based and resting state (RS) connectivity functional magnetic resonance imaging in six participants with CBS and six controls without CBS. GABA+ was measured in the early visual cortex (EVC) and in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC). Participants also completed visual acuity and cognitive tests, and the North-East Visual Hallucinations Interview.

Results: The two groups were well-matched for age, gender, visual acuity and cognitive scores. There was no difference in GABA+ levels between groups in the visual cortex. Most participants showed the expected blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation to images of objects and the phase-scrambled control. Using a fixed effects analysis, we found that BOLD activation was greater in participants with CBS compared to controls. Analysis of RS connectivity with LOC and EVC showed little difference between groups. A fixed effects analysis showed a correlation between the extent of functional connectivity with LOC and hallucination strength.

Conclusion: Overall, our results provide no strong evidence for an association between GABAergic inhibition in the visual cortex and CBS. We only found subtle differences in visual function and connectivity between groups. These findings suggest that the neurochemistry and visual connectivity for people with Charles Bonnet hallucinations are comparable to a sight loss population. Differences between groups may emerge when investigating subtle and transient changes that occur at the time of visual hallucinations.

背景:查尔斯-博内特综合征(CBS)是一种视力丧失患者会出现复杂视幻觉的病症。这些复杂的视觉幻觉可能是由视觉皮层兴奋性增高引起的,有些视力丧失患者会出现这种幻觉,而另一些患者则不会:我们旨在评估视觉皮层中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)与CBS之间的关系。我们还测试了视觉诱发反应、功能连接和 CBS 之间的关系:这是一项前瞻性、病例对照、横断面观察研究:方法:我们对六名患有 CBS 的参与者和六名未患 CBS 的对照者进行了 3-Tesla 磁共振波谱分析,以及基于任务和静息状态 (RS) 连接的功能磁共振成像。对早期视觉皮层(EVC)和外侧枕叶皮层(LOC)的 GABA+ 进行了测量。参与者还完成了视力和认知测试以及东北视幻觉访谈:结果:两组患者在年龄、性别、视力和认知评分方面完全匹配。视觉皮层中的 GABA+ 水平在两组之间没有差异。大多数参与者对物体图像和相位乱码对照组表现出预期的血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)激活。通过固定效应分析,我们发现与对照组相比,CBS 患者的 BOLD 激活程度更高。对 RS 与 LOC 和 EVC 连接性的分析表明,组间差异很小。固定效应分析表明,与 LOC 的功能连接程度与幻觉强度之间存在相关性:总之,我们的研究结果没有提供强有力的证据证明视觉皮层中的 GABA 能抑制与 CBS 之间存在关联。我们只发现了不同组之间在视觉功能和连接性方面的细微差别。这些研究结果表明,查尔斯-博奈幻觉患者的神经化学和视觉连通性与失明人群相似。在研究出现视觉幻觉时发生的微妙和短暂变化时,可能会发现不同群体之间存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Early diagnostics and interventional glaucoma. 早期诊断和介入性青光眼。
IF 2.3 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241287431
Ticiana De Francesco, Jason Bacharach, Oluwatosin Smith, Manjool Shah

The glaucoma treatment paradigm is starting to change from a more reactive approach that relies on topical medications to a more proactive approach that leverages procedural interventions. This evolution toward interventional glaucoma has been enabled by a growing array of lower-risk minimally invasive procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, and procedural pharmaceuticals. A common feature of these glaucoma interventions-as with all glaucoma interventions-is the need for early, prompt, and accurate diagnosis. The present review summarizes new and upcoming developments in glaucoma diagnostics. These include technologies and techniques for home-based intraocular pressure measurement, novel visual field platforms, photography- and optical coherence tomography-based visualization, and artificial intelligence applications. They also include emerging technologies such as mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, detection of apoptosing retinal cells, collector channel visualization, and genetic testing. These diagnostic modalities have the potential to circumvent the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. By increasing the frequency and feasibility of obtaining valuable glaucoma data with more rapid detection of disease and progression, these diagnostics may enable an interventional approach to glaucoma treatment for the betterment of patient care.

青光眼的治疗模式正开始从依赖局部用药的被动式方法转变为利用手术干预的主动式方法。越来越多风险较低的微创手术,如激光小梁成形术、微创青光眼手术和手术药物等,推动了青光眼介入治疗的发展。与所有青光眼干预措施一样,这些青光眼干预措施的一个共同特点是需要早期、及时和准确的诊断。本综述总结了青光眼诊断方面的新进展和即将取得的进展。其中包括基于家庭的眼压测量技术和工艺、新型视野平台、基于摄影和光学相干断层扫描的可视化以及人工智能应用。它们还包括线粒体黄蛋白荧光成像、凋亡视网膜细胞检测、集电极通道可视化和基因检测等新兴技术。这些诊断模式有可能规避传统诊断方法的局限性。通过提高获取有价值的青光眼数据的频率和可行性,更快速地检测疾病和进展情况,这些诊断方法可实现青光眼治疗的干预性方法,从而改善对患者的护理。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional well-being in Charles Bonnet syndrome: exploring associations with negative affect, loneliness and quality of life. 查尔斯-博奈综合征的情感幸福感:探索与负面情绪、孤独感和生活质量的关联。
IF 2.3 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241275444
Bethany Higgins, Deanna Taylor, David Crabb, Tamsin Callaghan

Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment.

Objective: To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL).

Design: Cross-sectional.

Methods: Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses.

Results: The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = -0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (p = 0.017; rho = -0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (p = 0.002, adj R 2 = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found.

Conclusion: Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS.

背景:查尔斯-邦内特综合征(CBS)是一种以视力障碍患者出现生动而复杂的视觉幻觉为特征的疾病:目的:探讨情绪困扰与查尔斯-邦奈特综合征症状对参与者生活影响之间的关系。我们检验了以下假设:负面情绪的增加与对 CBS 症状更消极的评价、自我报告的孤独感增加以及生活质量(QOL)降低有关:设计:横断面:方法:主要通过与视力有关的慈善机构招募的参与者用李克特量表对其幻觉及其影响进行评分。孤独感和消极情绪通过三项目孤独感量表和积极与消极情绪表进行评估。此外,还对健康指数(EQ-5D-3L)和视力相关 QOL(VF-9)进行了评估。相关分析和多变量回归确定了调查回答之间的关系:在 126 名受访者中,大多数(81%)的年龄在 65 岁以上,84% 的受访者报告了活跃的 CBS 症状。55% 的受访者将 CBS 的影响评为负面,没有人将其影响评为 "非常愉快"。CBS 的影响与负面情绪(p ⩽ 0.001;rho = -0.34)和 CBS 的影响与孤独感(p = 0.017;rho = -0.21)之间存在统计学意义上的相关性。如果考虑到孤独感的影响以及孤独感与 CBS 效果之间的关系(p = 0.002,adj R 2 = 0.1),消极情绪与 CBS 影响之间的关系在统计上仍然显著。孤独感与负面情绪之间也存在统计学意义上的相关性(p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55):结论:经历过负面情绪的受访者更有可能认为 CBS 症状的影响是负面的,并报告出更强烈的孤独感。在评估 CBS 患者时,消极情绪是一个重要的考虑因素。
{"title":"Emotional well-being in Charles Bonnet syndrome: exploring associations with negative affect, loneliness and quality of life.","authors":"Bethany Higgins, Deanna Taylor, David Crabb, Tamsin Callaghan","doi":"10.1177/25158414241275444","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414241275444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (<i>p</i> ⩽ 0.001; rho = -0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (<i>p</i> = 0.017; rho = -0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (<i>p</i> = 0.002, adj <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (<i>p</i> ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addressing retinal hypoxia: pathophysiology, therapeutic innovations, and future prospects. 解决视网膜缺氧问题:病理生理学、治疗创新和未来展望。
IF 2.3 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241280187
Bhargavee Gnanasambandam, Jacob Prince, Siddharth Limaye, Eric Moran, Ben Lee, Justin Huynh, Joseph Irudayaraj, Michael Tsipursky

Retinal hypoxia stands as a pivotal yet often underappreciated factor in the etiology and progression of many retinal disorders such as glaucoma, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and retinal artery occlusions. Current treatment methodologies fail to directly address the underlying pathophysiology of hypoxia and aim to improve ischemia through alternative methods. In this review, we discuss the critical role of retinal hypoxia in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases and highlight the need for innovative therapeutic strategies that address the root cause of these conditions. As our understanding of retinal hypoxia continues to evolve, the emergence of new technologies holds the promise of more effective treatments, offering hope to patients at risk of vision loss.

视网膜缺氧是许多视网膜疾病(如青光眼、高血压视网膜病变、糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜静脉闭塞和视网膜动脉闭塞)的病因和发展过程中的一个关键因素,但往往未得到足够重视。目前的治疗方法未能直接解决缺氧的潜在病理生理学问题,而是旨在通过其他方法改善缺血状况。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论视网膜缺氧在各种视网膜疾病发病机制中的关键作用,并强调需要创新的治疗策略来解决这些疾病的根本原因。随着我们对视网膜缺氧的认识不断深入,新技术的出现有望带来更有效的治疗方法,为面临视力丧失风险的患者带来希望。
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引用次数: 0
Case series of retinal vein occlusions showing early recovery using oral l-methylfolate. 视网膜静脉闭塞症系列病例显示,口服 l-甲基叶酸可使患者早日康复。
IF 2.5 Pub Date : 2024-04-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241240687
Steven Baker, Dylan Baker, Robert Baker, Craig J Brown

This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other vitamins via Ocufolin®, a medical food. Subjects were followed for 10-33 months by a single ophthalmologist. Ocufolin® was prescribed at the time of diagnosis and subjects remained on the regimen throughout the time of observation. Examinations were performed in an un-masked fashion at 3-month intervals with recording of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average retinal nerve fiber layer (ARNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fundus (examination of the retina, macula, optic nerve, and vessels) photography. Testing was done for vitamin deficiencies, vascular and coagulable risk factors, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Vitamin deficiencies and vascular risk factors were found in all subjects, and all four tested subjects carried at least one MTHFR polymorphism. By the end of the study period BCVA in all subjects was 20/25 or better. Cystoid macular edema was identified and measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percent change was calculated and plotted at 3-month intervals using the percent change in thickness from the time of diagnosis and percent change toward normative values for ARNFL and CMT. The total reduction in thickness of ARNFL and CMT from time of diagnosis was 44.19% and 30.27%, respectively. The comparison to normative data shows a reduction of ARNFL from 164.2% to 94% and CMT from 154.4% to 112.7% of normal thickness (100%). Plots showed the aggregate recovery was most rapid over the first 3 months and slowed over the next 3 months with most of the recovery taking place within 6 months of treatment. The rate of improvement in BCVA and resolution of retinal thickening was found to be better than predicted on historical grounds. No subjects progressed from nonischemic to ischemic RVO. Vitamin deficiencies, vascular risk factors, and genetic predisposition to oxidative stress were common in this RVO series. It appears that addressing these factors with Ocufolin® had a salutary effect on recovery.

本系列病例描述了连续五名视网膜静脉闭塞(RVO)患者(六只眼睛)通过医用食品 Ocufolin® 摄入 l-甲基叶酸和其他维生素后的总恢复率。由一位眼科医生对受试者进行了 10-33 个月的跟踪观察。Ocufolin®是在诊断时开具的处方,受试者在整个观察期间一直服用该药物。每隔 3 个月进行一次无遮挡检查,记录最佳矫正视力 (BCVA)、平均视网膜神经纤维层 (ARNFL) 和黄斑中心厚度 (CMT),并进行眼底摄影(检查视网膜、黄斑、视神经和血管)。对维生素缺乏症、血管和凝血风险因素以及亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)多态性进行了检测。所有受试者都发现了维生素缺乏症和血管风险因素,所有四名受试者都携带至少一种 MTHFR 多态性。研究结束时,所有受试者的视力均在 20/25 或更佳。通过光学相干断层扫描(OCT)确定并测量了囊样黄斑水肿。利用从诊断时算起的厚度变化百分比以及 ARNFL 和 CMT 正常值的变化百分比,计算并绘制出每 3 个月的变化百分比。与诊断时相比,ARNFL 和 CMT 厚度的总减幅分别为 44.19% 和 30.27%。与正常值数据相比,ARNFL 从 164.2% 减少到 94%,CMT 从正常厚度的 154.4% 减少到 112.7%(100%)。曲线图显示,总体恢复速度在最初 3 个月最快,随后 3 个月放缓,大部分恢复发生在治疗后 6 个月内。研究发现,BCVA 的改善率和视网膜增厚的消除率均优于历史预测。没有受试者从非缺血性发展为缺血性 RVO。在这一系列 RVO 患者中,维生素缺乏症、血管风险因素和氧化应激遗传易感性很常见。使用奥库弗林®治疗这些因素似乎对患者的恢复有好处。
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引用次数: 0
Practice patterns in reporting and documentation of Charles Bonnet syndrome: a retrospective review following COVID-19. 报告和记录查尔斯-邦奈特综合征的实践模式:COVID-19 之后的回顾性研究。
IF 2.5 Pub Date : 2024-03-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241232285
Dalia Abdulhussein, Lee Jones, Sri Harsha Dintakurti, Mariya Moosajee

Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by visual hallucinations occurring in people with visual impairment. CBS can negatively impact psychological well-being, and the COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with an exacerbation of symptoms.

Objectives: To compare clinical practice patterns and reporting of CBS at a tertiary eye care center between an interval prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and an interval during the pandemic.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: A search of electronic medical records for all suspected CBS cases was conducted between 1 March 2019 and 29 February 2020 (prior pandemic interval) and between 1 September 2020 and 29 August 2021 (peri-pandemic interval). Data retrieved from records included patient demographics, visual acuity at the time of CBS onset, type of hallucinations, reporting healthcare professional, management strategies and patient-reported impact of hallucinations.

Results: In total, 223 appointments referred to CBS in 156 patients at the prior interval, while 239 appointments referred to CBS in 155 patients at the peri-pandemic interval, representing 0.07% and 0.09% of all hospital attendance, respectively. Clinical subspecialty where CBS was most commonly reported was medical retina, and a greater proportion of patients at both time intervals were female. Types of hallucinations, management strategies and patient-reported impact were seldom reported, although documentation improved at the latter interval.

Conclusion: Practice patterns and patient characteristics were similar between the two intervals; however, subtle differences suggest a growing awareness of CBS. Targeted interventions in high-burden clinical subspecialties may encourage reporting and improve documentation of CBS.

背景:查尔斯-波奈综合征(CBS)的特征是视力受损者出现视幻觉。CBS 可对心理健康产生负面影响,COVID-19 大流行期间症状加剧:目的:比较一家三级眼科医疗中心在 COVID-19 大流行前和大流行期间的临床实践模式和 CBS 报告情况:设计:回顾性病历审查:方法:对2019年3月1日至2020年2月29日(大流行前)和2020年9月1日至2021年8月29日(大流行期间)期间所有疑似CBS病例的电子病历进行检索。从记录中检索到的数据包括患者人口统计学特征、CBS发病时的视力、幻觉类型、报告的医护人员、管理策略以及患者报告的幻觉影响:在之前的间歇期,共有156名患者的223次就诊涉及CBS,而在围大流行期间,共有155名患者的239次就诊涉及CBS,分别占所有就诊人数的0.07%和0.09%。最常报告 CBS 的临床亚专科是内科视网膜,两个时间段中女性患者的比例都较高。幻觉的类型、处理策略和患者报告的影响很少被报告,尽管在后一个时间段记录的情况有所改善:结论:两个时间段的实践模式和患者特征相似;但细微的差异表明,人们对 CBS 的认识在不断提高。在高负担临床亚专科采取有针对性的干预措施可鼓励报告并改善 CBS 的记录。
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引用次数: 0
A unique late-onset intraocular lens opacification 23 years after implantation: a clinical and laboratory case report. 眼内晶状体植入 23 年后出现独特的晚发性眼内晶状体混浊:临床和实验室病例报告。
IF 2.5 Pub Date : 2024-03-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241237713
Panos S Gartaganis, Panagiota D Natsi, Sotirios P Gartaganis, Petros G Koutsoukos, Horst Helbig

We report an unusual, rare case of opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) 23 years after the initial surgery with significant visual deterioration. Opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic IOL was primarily due to the formation of folds on the surface of the lens material, and less so due to calcium phosphate deposits. Calcification opacification can be attributed to recent events, as evidenced by deposits of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO42H2O) and octacalcium phosphate (Ca8H2(PO4)65H2O), both of which are transient calcium phosphate phases, converting hydrolytically to the thermodynamically most stable hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). To our knowledge, this case of hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification is the only one that has been described so late, 23 years after cataract surgery.

我们报告了一例不寻常的罕见病例,患者在初次手术后 23 年,亲水性丙烯酸人工晶体(IOL)发生了混浊,视力严重下降。亲水性丙烯酸人工晶体的不透明主要是由于晶状体材料表面褶皱的形成,较少是由于磷酸钙沉积。钙化不透明可归因于近期发生的事件,二水磷酸二钙(CaHPO42H2O)和磷酸八钙(Ca8H2(PO4)65H2O)的沉积就是证明,这两种磷酸钙都是瞬时磷酸钙相,会水解转化为热力学上最稳定的羟基磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)。据我们所知,这例亲水性丙烯酸人工晶体不透明是唯一一例在白内障手术后 23 年才出现的不透明病例。
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引用次数: 0
Pediatric corneal transplantation: techniques, challenges, and outcomes. 小儿角膜移植:技术、挑战和结果。
IF 2.5 Pub Date : 2024-03-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241237906
Bharat Gurnani, Kirandeep Kaur, Sameer Chaudhary, Ruminder Preet Kaur, Swatishree Nayak, Deepak Mishra, Harinikrishna Balakrishnan, Rohit Om Parkash, Arvind Kumar Morya, Amit Porwal

Pediatric corneal transplant is a highly demanding and technically challenging procedure for the cornea surgeon in today's era. These cases pose unique challenges in clinical and surgical management. The indications of pediatric corneal transplant can be therapeutic, tectonic, optical, and cosmetic. Pediatric patients undergoing corneal transplants are at a high risk of graft infection, failure, rejection, dehiscence, and amblyopia due to young age, robust immune system, increased incidence of trauma, and compliance issues. The other factors contributing to graft failure can be allograft rejection, secondary glaucoma, corneal vascularization, multiple surgeries, vitreous prolapse, and lack of treatment compliance. A successful corneal transplant in children depends on meticulous preoperative evaluation, uneventful surgery, the expertise of a corneal surgeon, and regular and timely postoperative follow-up. Therapeutic and optical penetrating keratoplasty are the most commonly performed transplants in children. However, with the advancements in surgical technique and management protocol, the current focus has shifted toward lamellar keratoplasty. Lamellar keratoplasty offers early visual recovery and potentially fewer complications. Visual rehabilitation through corneal transplant in otherwise blind eyes can be a boon for the children. Recently, keratoprostheses have been promising in children with multiple graft failures. The current review gives insights into epidemiology, etiology, indications, clinical characteristics, investigations, management options, recent advances, and the future of pediatric corneal transplants. As surgical techniques continue to grow and comprehension of pediatric corneal transplants is improving, we can safeguard these eyes with the best possible anatomical and functional outcomes.

对于当今时代的角膜外科医生来说,小儿角膜移植是一项要求极高、技术难度极大的手术。这些病例给临床和手术管理带来了独特的挑战。小儿角膜移植的适应症包括治疗性、构造性、光学性和美容性。接受角膜移植手术的小儿患者由于年龄小、免疫系统强健、外伤发生率增加以及依从性问题,发生移植感染、失败、排斥、裂开和弱视的风险很高。导致移植失败的其他因素包括异体移植排斥反应、继发性青光眼、角膜血管化、多次手术、玻璃体脱垂以及治疗不规范。儿童角膜移植手术的成功取决于细致的术前评估、顺利的手术、角膜外科医生的专业知识以及定期和及时的术后随访。治疗性角膜移植术和光学穿透性角膜移植术是最常见的儿童角膜移植术。不过,随着手术技术和管理方案的进步,目前的重点已转向板层角膜移植术。板层角膜移植术能尽早恢复视力,并可能减少并发症。通过角膜移植手术让原本失明的眼睛恢复视力,对儿童来说是一大福音。最近,角膜塑形术在多次移植失败的儿童中大有可为。本综述将对流行病学、病因学、适应症、临床特征、调查、管理方案、最新进展以及小儿角膜移植的未来进行深入探讨。随着手术技术的不断发展和对小儿角膜移植手术理解的不断提高,我们可以保障这些眼睛获得最佳的解剖和功能效果。
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引用次数: 0
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Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology
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