Pub Date : 2022-06-27eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221106682
Yazan Fakhoury, Abdallah Ellabban, Usama Attia, Ahmed Sallam, Samer Elsherbiny
Three-dimensional (3D) printing uses a process of adding material in a layer-by-layer fashion to form the end product. This technology is advancing rapidly and is being increasingly utilized in the medical field as it becomes more accessible and cost-effective. It has an increasingly important role in ophthalmology and eyecare as its current and potential applications are extensive and slowly evolving. Three-dimensional printing represents an important method of manufacturing customized products such as orbital implants, ocular prostheses, ophthalmic models, surgical instruments, spectacles and other gadgets. Surgical planning, simulation, training and teaching have all benefitted from this technology. Advances in bioprinting seem to be the future direction of 3D printing with possibilities of printing out viable ocular tissues such as corneas and retinas in the future. It is expected that more ophthalmologists and other clinicians will use this technology in the near future.
三维（3D）打印采用逐层添加材料的方式形成最终产品。这项技术发展迅速，在医疗领域的应用也越来越广泛，因为它越来越容易获得，成本效益也越来越高。它在眼科和眼保健领域的作用日益重要，因为其当前和潜在的应用领域非常广泛，而且在不断发展。三维打印是制造眼眶植入物、眼科假体、眼科模型、手术器械、眼镜和其他小工具等定制产品的重要方法。手术规划、模拟、培训和教学都受益于这项技术。生物打印技术的进步似乎是 3D 打印技术的未来发展方向，未来有可能打印出角膜和视网膜等可存活的眼部组织。预计在不久的将来，会有更多的眼科医生和其他临床医生使用这项技术。
{"title":"Three-dimensional printing in ophthalmology and eye care: current applications and future developments.","authors":"Yazan Fakhoury, Abdallah Ellabban, Usama Attia, Ahmed Sallam, Samer Elsherbiny","doi":"10.1177/25158414221106682","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414221106682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing uses a process of adding material in a layer-by-layer fashion to form the end product. This technology is advancing rapidly and is being increasingly utilized in the medical field as it becomes more accessible and cost-effective. It has an increasingly important role in ophthalmology and eyecare as its current and potential applications are extensive and slowly evolving. Three-dimensional printing represents an important method of manufacturing customized products such as orbital implants, ocular prostheses, ophthalmic models, surgical instruments, spectacles and other gadgets. Surgical planning, simulation, training and teaching have all benefitted from this technology. Advances in bioprinting seem to be the future direction of 3D printing with possibilities of printing out viable ocular tissues such as corneas and retinas in the future. It is expected that more ophthalmologists and other clinicians will use this technology in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414221106682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/9a/10.1177_25158414221106682.PMC9247992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221083363
G. Reiter, U. Schmidt-Erfurth
The retinal world has been revolutionized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. The numbers of intravitreal injections are on a constant rise and management in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is mainly driven by the qualitative assessment of macular fluid as detected on OCT scans. The presence of macular fluid, particularly subretinal fluid (SRF) and intraretinal fluid (IRF), has been used to trigger re-treatments in clinical trials and the real world. However, large discrepancies can be found between the evaluations of different readers or experts and especially small amounts of macular fluid might be missed during this process. Pixel-wise detection of macular fluid uses an entire OCT volume to calculate exact volumes of retinal fluid. While manual annotations of such pixel-wise fluid detection are unfeasible in a clinical setting, artificial intelligence (AI) is able to overcome this hurdle by providing real-time results of macular fluid in different retinal compartments. Quantitative fluid assessments have been used for various post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials, providing novel insights into anti-VEGF treatment regimens. Nonetheless, the application of AI-algorithms in a prospective patient care setting is still limited. In this review, we discuss the use of quantitative fluid assessment in nAMD during anti-VEGF therapy and provide an outlook to novel forms of patient care with the support of AI quantifications.
{"title":"Quantitative assessment of retinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration under anti-VEGF therapy","authors":"G. Reiter, U. Schmidt-Erfurth","doi":"10.1177/25158414221083363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221083363","url":null,"abstract":"The retinal world has been revolutionized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. The numbers of intravitreal injections are on a constant rise and management in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is mainly driven by the qualitative assessment of macular fluid as detected on OCT scans. The presence of macular fluid, particularly subretinal fluid (SRF) and intraretinal fluid (IRF), has been used to trigger re-treatments in clinical trials and the real world. However, large discrepancies can be found between the evaluations of different readers or experts and especially small amounts of macular fluid might be missed during this process. Pixel-wise detection of macular fluid uses an entire OCT volume to calculate exact volumes of retinal fluid. While manual annotations of such pixel-wise fluid detection are unfeasible in a clinical setting, artificial intelligence (AI) is able to overcome this hurdle by providing real-time results of macular fluid in different retinal compartments. Quantitative fluid assessments have been used for various post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials, providing novel insights into anti-VEGF treatment regimens. Nonetheless, the application of AI-algorithms in a prospective patient care setting is still limited. In this review, we discuss the use of quantitative fluid assessment in nAMD during anti-VEGF therapy and provide an outlook to novel forms of patient care with the support of AI quantifications.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44633122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-14eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414211063284
Burcu P Gültekin
Background: Subthreshold nondamaging retinal laser therapy (NRT) provides a greater safety profile than conventional laser methods, but more data is needed on the efficacy and safety of subthreshold NRT in diabetic macular edema.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NRT for the treatment of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) that is partially responsive or resistant to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.
Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. Fifty eyes of 38 diabetic patients with CSME previously treated with at least 6-monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections with/without intravitreal Ozurdex therapy were evaluated. The patients received 577-nm yellow wavelength laser therapy with PASCAL laser system (Topcon Medical Laser Systems, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were evaluated before and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after laser treatment.
Results: Baseline mean CST was 368.06 ± 86.9 µm. The mean CST values at the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month visits were 336.93 ± 79.8, 352.40 ± 113.5, 336.36 ± 109.3, 325.10 ± 104 µm, and 310.08 ± 84.7 µm, respectively. The mean CST decreased significantly at the first (p = 0.002) and second year visits (p < 0.001) when compared with pretreatment values. Although visual acuity was improved at the first year compared with baseline, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in visual acuities between pretreatment and posttreatment visits. During 24-month follow-up, while 37 eyes were treated with [mean: 5.7 ± 3.4 (1-14)] intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, 3 eyes were administered single-dose intravitreal steroids. Additional intravitreal injections were not required in 10 (20%) eyes.
Conclusion: NRT is effective by itself or in combination with anti-VEGF agents in diabetic macular edema that is partially responsive or resistant to previous intravitreal injections. T role in treating this disorder should be assessed in more detail with prospective controlled studies.
{"title":"Treatment results of nondamaging retinal laser therapy in diabetic macular edema.","authors":"Burcu P Gültekin","doi":"10.1177/25158414211063284","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414211063284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subthreshold nondamaging retinal laser therapy (NRT) provides a greater safety profile than conventional laser methods, but more data is needed on the efficacy and safety of subthreshold NRT in diabetic macular edema.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NRT for the treatment of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) that is partially responsive or resistant to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective case series study. Fifty eyes of 38 diabetic patients with CSME previously treated with at least 6-monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections with/without intravitreal Ozurdex therapy were evaluated. The patients received 577-nm yellow wavelength laser therapy with PASCAL laser system (Topcon Medical Laser Systems, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were evaluated before and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after laser treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline mean CST was 368.06 ± 86.9 µm. The mean CST values at the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month visits were 336.93 ± 79.8, 352.40 ± 113.5, 336.36 ± 109.3, 325.10 ± 104 µm, and 310.08 ± 84.7 µm, respectively. The mean CST decreased significantly at the first (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and second year visits (<i>p</i> < 0.001) when compared with pretreatment values. Although visual acuity was improved at the first year compared with baseline, this difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.03). There was no significant difference in visual acuities between pretreatment and posttreatment visits. During 24-month follow-up, while 37 eyes were treated with [mean: 5.7 ± 3.4 (1-14)] intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, 3 eyes were administered single-dose intravitreal steroids. Additional intravitreal injections were not required in 10 (20%) eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NRT is effective by itself or in combination with anti-VEGF agents in diabetic macular edema that is partially responsive or resistant to previous intravitreal injections. T role in treating this disorder should be assessed in more detail with prospective controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414211063284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/c8/10.1177_25158414211063284.PMC8772017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221083366
R. Shrestha, R. Shah, Purushottam Joshi, S. Parajuli
Background: Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage is one of the common causes of ocular emergency. There are very few prospective studies on the clinical profile and surgical outcomes for patients with dense vitreous hemorrhage caused by non-diabetic and non-traumatic till date to our knowledge. Objectives: This study was conducted to better understand the etiologies, clinical profile, surgical outcome, and visual prognosis following pars plana vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage in adults with non-traumatic and non-diabetic retinopathy. Design: This was a prospective interventional study. Methods: This study was conducted in Mechi Eye Hospital (Birtamod, Nepal) from October 2018 to September 2019. All consecutive cases, 46 eyes of 46 patients, with vitreous hemorrhage that underwent vitrectomy were included in our study. There were 14 (30.4%) female and 32 (69.6%) male patients, and the average age at presentation was 43.74 ± 16.19 (17–84) years. The success rate of surgery in terms of visual outcome was evaluated. Results: The most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage was retinal vasculitis with fibrovascular changes and vascular sheathing 19 (41%). The indication of vitrectomy on patient demand was 20 (43.5%). Success rate of surgery in terms of visual outcome (functional outcome) was defined as final visual acuity of >6/60 which was 86.9%. Conclusion: The most common cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in our study was retinal vasculitis with fibrovascular changes and vascular sheathing. Vitrectomy has a good surgical outcome for spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in terms of visual outcome (functional outcome) unless guarded by other factors like chorioretinal atrophy followed by optic atrophy and epiretinal membrane.
{"title":"Clinical profile and surgical outcome of pars plana vitrectomy in non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage","authors":"R. Shrestha, R. Shah, Purushottam Joshi, S. Parajuli","doi":"10.1177/25158414221083366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221083366","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage is one of the common causes of ocular emergency. There are very few prospective studies on the clinical profile and surgical outcomes for patients with dense vitreous hemorrhage caused by non-diabetic and non-traumatic till date to our knowledge. Objectives: This study was conducted to better understand the etiologies, clinical profile, surgical outcome, and visual prognosis following pars plana vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage in adults with non-traumatic and non-diabetic retinopathy. Design: This was a prospective interventional study. Methods: This study was conducted in Mechi Eye Hospital (Birtamod, Nepal) from October 2018 to September 2019. All consecutive cases, 46 eyes of 46 patients, with vitreous hemorrhage that underwent vitrectomy were included in our study. There were 14 (30.4%) female and 32 (69.6%) male patients, and the average age at presentation was 43.74 ± 16.19 (17–84) years. The success rate of surgery in terms of visual outcome was evaluated. Results: The most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage was retinal vasculitis with fibrovascular changes and vascular sheathing 19 (41%). The indication of vitrectomy on patient demand was 20 (43.5%). Success rate of surgery in terms of visual outcome (functional outcome) was defined as final visual acuity of >6/60 which was 86.9%. Conclusion: The most common cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in our study was retinal vasculitis with fibrovascular changes and vascular sheathing. Vitrectomy has a good surgical outcome for spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in terms of visual outcome (functional outcome) unless guarded by other factors like chorioretinal atrophy followed by optic atrophy and epiretinal membrane.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221083374
Mashael Al-Namaeh
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, a disease that was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19, formerly known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease, was officially named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. By 25 May 2021, there were 33,579,116 confirmed cases with 599,109 COVID-19 deaths worldwide. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on what is currently known about COVID-19 ocular symptoms in adults, the elderly, and children in the literature. Finally, this article will review the eye protection precautions that should be implemented in our clinics. To assess the current literature, PubMed was searched from December 2019 to 25 May 2021. Randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, letters of research, and letters to editors were selected for confirmed cases of COVID-19. According to current scientific literature since the outbreak in December 2019, 205 articles have been published. Conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis have been reported in adults with COVID-19. There have been few studies on children and elderly patients, and further research in these age groups is needed. Finally, wearing eye protection when seeing patients on a daily basis during the pandemic is essential.
{"title":"Ocular manifestations of COVID-19","authors":"Mashael Al-Namaeh","doi":"10.1177/25158414221083374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221083374","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, a disease that was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19, formerly known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease, was officially named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. By 25 May 2021, there were 33,579,116 confirmed cases with 599,109 COVID-19 deaths worldwide. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on what is currently known about COVID-19 ocular symptoms in adults, the elderly, and children in the literature. Finally, this article will review the eye protection precautions that should be implemented in our clinics. To assess the current literature, PubMed was searched from December 2019 to 25 May 2021. Randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, letters of research, and letters to editors were selected for confirmed cases of COVID-19. According to current scientific literature since the outbreak in December 2019, 205 articles have been published. Conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis have been reported in adults with COVID-19. There have been few studies on children and elderly patients, and further research in these age groups is needed. Finally, wearing eye protection when seeing patients on a daily basis during the pandemic is essential.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45688464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414211070878
H. V. Neves da Silva, J. Placide, Anne A Duong, Y. Ronquillo, S. McCabe, M. Moshirfar
Biological drugs, termed biologics, are medications that contain or are derived from a living organism (human, animal, or microorganism). With new biological agents being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) every year, clinicians need to know potential ocular adverse effects that are associated with these drugs. This review provides an overview of ocular adverse effects of biological medications used to treat both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic diseases. We searched PubMed for relevant case reports, case series, reviews, and clinical trials reporting ocular adverse effects caused by biologics. This review was conducted in June 2021 and investigated the drugs listed in the most updated (April 2021) FDA Purple Book Database of Licensed Biological Products. This review focuses on monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, and receptor fusion proteins. We explore ocular side effects of 33 biological drugs, stating whether they are frequent, common, or rare.
{"title":"Ocular adverse effects of therapeutic biologics","authors":"H. V. Neves da Silva, J. Placide, Anne A Duong, Y. Ronquillo, S. McCabe, M. Moshirfar","doi":"10.1177/25158414211070878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414211070878","url":null,"abstract":"Biological drugs, termed biologics, are medications that contain or are derived from a living organism (human, animal, or microorganism). With new biological agents being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) every year, clinicians need to know potential ocular adverse effects that are associated with these drugs. This review provides an overview of ocular adverse effects of biological medications used to treat both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic diseases. We searched PubMed for relevant case reports, case series, reviews, and clinical trials reporting ocular adverse effects caused by biologics. This review was conducted in June 2021 and investigated the drugs listed in the most updated (April 2021) FDA Purple Book Database of Licensed Biological Products. This review focuses on monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, and receptor fusion proteins. We explore ocular side effects of 33 biological drugs, stating whether they are frequent, common, or rare.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the current standard of care for primary angle-closure glaucoma. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the effects of LPI on contrast sensitivity (CS) after the procedure.
Objective: This study evaluates central and peripheral CS in patients undergoing LPI using the computer-based, Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test.
Methods: We performed a pilot, prospective, interventional cohort study including 30 patients of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) or primary angle closure (PAC) in both eyes. LPI was performed after a detailed history and clinical examination using standard procedure in all eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and CS testing using SPARCS was performed before, 2 weeks and 3 months after LPI.
Results: Data analyses revealed female predominance (66.67%, 20/30); the mean age of enrolled patients was 49.93 ± 10.43 years, and presenting acuity was 0.02 ± 0.06 (Log of Minimum Angle of Resolution [LogMAR]). The mean vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), mean deviation (MD in dB) and pattern standard deviation (PSD in dB) were 0.34 ± 0.09, -2.36 ± 1.72 and 2.34 ± 0.81, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease between the pre- (15.17 ± 3.83 mmHg) and 2 weeks post-LPI (11.70 ± 1.53 mmHg) IOP (p < 0.001). However, CS in the pre- (73.47 ± 9.88) and 3 months post-LPI (75.20 ± 11.98) SPARCS scores did not reveal any statistical difference. The group-wise analysis showed a similar trend between PAC and PACS patients.
Conclusion: LPI does not affect central as well as peripheral CS assessment in patients with the primary angle-closure disease.
{"title":"Effect of laser peripheral iridotomy on contrast sensitivity using Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity test.","authors":"Parul Ichhpujani, Sahil Thakur, Tanu Singh, Rohan Bir Singh, Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.1177/25158414221078142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221078142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the current standard of care for primary angle-closure glaucoma. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the effects of LPI on contrast sensitivity (CS) after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates central and peripheral CS in patients undergoing LPI using the computer-based, Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a pilot, prospective, interventional cohort study including 30 patients of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) or primary angle closure (PAC) in both eyes. LPI was performed after a detailed history and clinical examination using standard procedure in all eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and CS testing using SPARCS was performed before, 2 weeks and 3 months after LPI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analyses revealed female predominance (66.67%, 20/30); the mean age of enrolled patients was 49.93 ± 10.43 years, and presenting acuity was 0.02 ± 0.06 (Log of Minimum Angle of Resolution [LogMAR]). The mean vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), mean deviation (MD in dB) and pattern standard deviation (PSD in dB) were 0.34 ± 0.09, -2.36 ± 1.72 and 2.34 ± 0.81, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease between the pre- (15.17 ± 3.83 mmHg) and 2 weeks post-LPI (11.70 ± 1.53 mmHg) IOP (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, CS in the pre- (73.47 ± 9.88) and 3 months post-LPI (75.20 ± 11.98) SPARCS scores did not reveal any statistical difference. The group-wise analysis showed a similar trend between PAC and PACS patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LPI does not affect central as well as peripheral CS assessment in patients with the primary angle-closure disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414221078142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/b8/10.1177_25158414221078142.PMC8894935.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9322626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221090103
Meri Debbarma, Piyush Kohli, R. Banushree, S. Sen, J. Kumar, Naresh Babu, K. Ramasamy
Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVIs) have proved to be a boon for patients suffering from several retinal pathologies. They are one of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmology. A perioperative rise in blood pressure (BP) has been noted during cataract surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the perioperative BP changes during IVI, and the associated risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional observational study Methods: The patients undergoing IVI from May 2019 to August 2019 were evaluated. All the patients underwent BP measurement before, during, and 1 h after the IVI. The correlation between the demographics and, the systemic comorbidities of the patients, and the ocular condition for which IVI was given was evaluated. Results: The study included 302 patients (mean age of 59.9 ± 10.7 years). The mean increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at the time of injection was 25.7 ± 21.0 and 1.3 ± 13.4 mmHg, respectively. A ⩾ 10, ⩾ 20, ⩾ 30 mmHg increase in SBP at the time of injection was seen in 83.8% (n = 253), 69.5% (n = 210) and 49.0% (n = 148) patients, respectively. Forty-one (13.6%) patients developed intra-procedural hypertensive urgency, out of which six patients (14.6%) did not recover even after 1 h of the procedure. None of the patients experienced any cardiovascular events. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the change in intra-procedural SBP correlated positively with the age of the patient and negatively with the baseline SBP. Conclusion: There is a significant rise of SBP at the time of IVI, especially in patients with advanced age and high baseline SBP. Some of the patients can experience hypertensive urgency at the time of injection and may take more than 1 h to recover. The patients receiving IVI should undergo a detailed physician evaluation before the procedure.
{"title":"Is perioperative blood pressure monitoring during intravitreal injections important?","authors":"Meri Debbarma, Piyush Kohli, R. Banushree, S. Sen, J. Kumar, Naresh Babu, K. Ramasamy","doi":"10.1177/25158414221090103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221090103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVIs) have proved to be a boon for patients suffering from several retinal pathologies. They are one of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmology. A perioperative rise in blood pressure (BP) has been noted during cataract surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the perioperative BP changes during IVI, and the associated risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional observational study Methods: The patients undergoing IVI from May 2019 to August 2019 were evaluated. All the patients underwent BP measurement before, during, and 1 h after the IVI. The correlation between the demographics and, the systemic comorbidities of the patients, and the ocular condition for which IVI was given was evaluated. Results: The study included 302 patients (mean age of 59.9 ± 10.7 years). The mean increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at the time of injection was 25.7 ± 21.0 and 1.3 ± 13.4 mmHg, respectively. A ⩾ 10, ⩾ 20, ⩾ 30 mmHg increase in SBP at the time of injection was seen in 83.8% (n = 253), 69.5% (n = 210) and 49.0% (n = 148) patients, respectively. Forty-one (13.6%) patients developed intra-procedural hypertensive urgency, out of which six patients (14.6%) did not recover even after 1 h of the procedure. None of the patients experienced any cardiovascular events. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the change in intra-procedural SBP correlated positively with the age of the patient and negatively with the baseline SBP. Conclusion: There is a significant rise of SBP at the time of IVI, especially in patients with advanced age and high baseline SBP. Some of the patients can experience hypertensive urgency at the time of injection and may take more than 1 h to recover. The patients receiving IVI should undergo a detailed physician evaluation before the procedure.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45959238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221096062
Selim Cevher, M. Barış Üçer, T. Şahin
Background: The distance between the optic disc center and the fovea is a biometric parameter; however, it is unclear whether DFD (disc–fovea distance) affects the choroidal thickness. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between DFD and choroidal thickness. Design: This is a prospective, and cross-sectional study. Methods: Two hundred fifty eyes of 250 healthy participants were examined in terms of DFD, age, axial length, spherical equivalent, and choroidal thickness. Inclusion criteria included aged between 20–40 years, no posterior segment disorders, and participants with best-corrected visual acuity (10/10 according to Snellen’s chart). Participants with high hypermetropia (>4 diopter) or myopia (>6 diopter) or any systemic disease likely to affect choroidal thickness were excluded. Choroidal thickness measurements were performed at subfoveal, 1.0 mm temporal, and 1.0 mm nasal using the enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean age of all the participants was 26.21 ± 5.73 years, mean DFD was 4634.29 ± 274.70 µm, mean axial length was 23.62 ± 0.83 mm, and mean spherical equivalent was −0.61 ± 1.06 diopter. The mean subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses were 388.73 ± 90.15 µm, 351.26 ± 88.09 µm, and 366.50 ± 79.56 µm, respectively. A negative correlation was found between subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses and axial length (r = −0.157, p = 0.013; r = −0.168, p = 0.008; r = −0.174, p = 0.006, respectively). Insignificant correlation was found between choroidal thicknesses and spherical equivalent (p > 0.05). There was not a statistically significant correlation between DFD and subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses (r = −0.028, p = 0.655; r = 0.030, p = 0.641; r = −0.025, p = 0.699, respectively). In addition, there was not a statistically significant correlation between age and choroidal thickness. Conclusion: This study shows that DFD and spherical equivalent do not affect choroidal thickness; axial length negatively affects choroidal thickness. In addition, age does not affect choroidal thickness between 20 and 40 years.
{"title":"Disc–fovea distance and choroidal thickness: is there a relationship?","authors":"Selim Cevher, M. Barış Üçer, T. Şahin","doi":"10.1177/25158414221096062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221096062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The distance between the optic disc center and the fovea is a biometric parameter; however, it is unclear whether DFD (disc–fovea distance) affects the choroidal thickness. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between DFD and choroidal thickness. Design: This is a prospective, and cross-sectional study. Methods: Two hundred fifty eyes of 250 healthy participants were examined in terms of DFD, age, axial length, spherical equivalent, and choroidal thickness. Inclusion criteria included aged between 20–40 years, no posterior segment disorders, and participants with best-corrected visual acuity (10/10 according to Snellen’s chart). Participants with high hypermetropia (>4 diopter) or myopia (>6 diopter) or any systemic disease likely to affect choroidal thickness were excluded. Choroidal thickness measurements were performed at subfoveal, 1.0 mm temporal, and 1.0 mm nasal using the enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean age of all the participants was 26.21 ± 5.73 years, mean DFD was 4634.29 ± 274.70 µm, mean axial length was 23.62 ± 0.83 mm, and mean spherical equivalent was −0.61 ± 1.06 diopter. The mean subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses were 388.73 ± 90.15 µm, 351.26 ± 88.09 µm, and 366.50 ± 79.56 µm, respectively. A negative correlation was found between subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses and axial length (r = −0.157, p = 0.013; r = −0.168, p = 0.008; r = −0.174, p = 0.006, respectively). Insignificant correlation was found between choroidal thicknesses and spherical equivalent (p > 0.05). There was not a statistically significant correlation between DFD and subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses (r = −0.028, p = 0.655; r = 0.030, p = 0.641; r = −0.025, p = 0.699, respectively). In addition, there was not a statistically significant correlation between age and choroidal thickness. Conclusion: This study shows that DFD and spherical equivalent do not affect choroidal thickness; axial length negatively affects choroidal thickness. In addition, age does not affect choroidal thickness between 20 and 40 years.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/25158414221141380
Ali Nouraeinejad
Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Ther Adv Ophthalmol
{"title":"The effect of amblyopia on balance and gait.","authors":"Ali Nouraeinejad","doi":"10.1177/25158414221141380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221141380","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Ther Adv Ophthalmol","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414221141380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/39/10.1177_25158414221141380.PMC9749504.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10399981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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