Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103300
Ehab S. Ali , Ahmed S. Alsaman , Ridha Ben Mansour , Rached Ben-Mansour , Ahmed A. Askalany
The problem of energy and water shortages is increasing worldwide due to population growth and climate change. Also, desalination technology is an intensive energy process to produce fresh water from salty water. This paper presents an innovative system for an adsorption desalination-cooling system to improve the system’s performance. The new system consists of four beds, a condenser, and two evaporators, which provide a relatively high adsorption cycle performance for freshwater production, in addition to a cooling effect. This paper also compares the proposed adsorption system performance with the conventional adsorption desalination systems. The new adsorption desalination system is simulated through a validated MATLAB model based on the author’s previous experimental work. The novel system produces a maximum possible rate of freshwater of 20.5 m3/ton of silica gel per day with a gain output ratio of 0.85, along with a cooling effect of 220 W/kg of silica gel with a coefficient of performance of 0.42. The utilization factor of the proposed system is 1.27. The results also showed that the cost of producing 1 m3 of freshwater using solar energy is 4.24 $, which is considered lower than the cost of water production in the traditional system by about 40 %.
{"title":"A new adsorption desalination-cooling system with four beds and two evaporators to enhance freshwater production","authors":"Ehab S. Ali , Ahmed S. Alsaman , Ridha Ben Mansour , Rached Ben-Mansour , Ahmed A. Askalany","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of energy and water shortages is increasing worldwide due to population growth and climate change. Also, desalination technology is an intensive energy process to produce fresh water from salty water. This paper presents an innovative system for an adsorption desalination-cooling system to improve the system’s performance. The new system consists of four beds, a condenser, and two evaporators, which provide a relatively high adsorption cycle performance for freshwater production, in addition to a cooling effect. This paper also compares the proposed adsorption system performance with the conventional adsorption desalination systems. The new adsorption desalination system is simulated through a validated MATLAB model based on the author’s previous experimental work. The novel system produces a maximum possible rate of freshwater of 20.5 m<sup>3</sup>/ton of silica gel per day with a gain output ratio of 0.85, along with a cooling effect of 220 W/kg of silica gel with a coefficient of performance of 0.42. The utilization factor of the proposed system is 1.27. The results also showed that the cost of producing 1 m<sup>3</sup> of freshwater using solar energy is 4.24 $, which is considered lower than the cost of water production in the traditional system by about 40 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103304
Soumya Ranjan Jena , Sohit Agarwal , S. Sivanandam , Sridevi Gamini , Donepudi Rohini , N.V. Phani Sai kumar
This research presents a new Multiphysics artificial intelligence scheme for predicting fiber orientation distribution (FOD) and mechanical properties of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRPs). It employs a genetic algorithm for optimization and an artificial neural network for the improved performance of the Reduced Strain Closure (RSC) model.
Further, parallel genetic algorithms were used for the optimization of the RSC coefficient values combined with the unique multi-layered artificial neural network with 1-4-8-12-1 topology to predict the mechanical properties. The methodology was tested with high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) data and an extensive range of mechanical tests with specimens in 0°, 45° and 90° orientations.
Overall, the optimized model showed a higher prediction accuracy, reducing the mean FOD error prediction by 51.4 %, and improving the R2 values from 0.74 to 0.95. The accuracy of the mechanical property predictions was overall better, with the prediction errors for the elastic modulus decreasing by 71.3 % and tensile strength accuracy increasing by 59 % for all orientations.
The parallel processing implemented for the developed framework, the framework exhibited 85 % parallel efficiency and 3.2 × Speedup through GPU used. This integrated approach offers a sound research strategy for determining fiber direction and mechanical property estimation in composite product fabrication.
{"title":"AI-driven multiphysics modelling for optimizing fiber dispersion in thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites for additive manufacturing","authors":"Soumya Ranjan Jena , Sohit Agarwal , S. Sivanandam , Sridevi Gamini , Donepudi Rohini , N.V. Phani Sai kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a new Multiphysics artificial intelligence scheme for predicting fiber orientation distribution (FOD) and mechanical properties of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRPs). It employs a genetic algorithm for optimization and an artificial neural network for the improved performance of the Reduced Strain Closure (RSC) model.</div><div>Further, parallel genetic algorithms were used for the optimization of the RSC coefficient values combined with the unique multi-layered artificial neural network with 1-4-8-12-1 topology to predict the mechanical properties. The methodology was tested with high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) data and an extensive range of mechanical tests with specimens in 0°, 45° and 90° orientations.</div><div>Overall, the optimized model showed a higher prediction accuracy, reducing the mean FOD error prediction by 51.4 %, and improving the R<sup>2</sup> values from 0.74 to 0.95. The accuracy of the mechanical property predictions was overall better, with the prediction errors for the elastic modulus decreasing by 71.3 % and tensile strength accuracy increasing by 59 % for all orientations.</div><div>The parallel processing implemented for the developed framework, the framework exhibited 85 % parallel efficiency and 3.2 × Speedup through GPU used. This integrated approach offers a sound research strategy for determining fiber direction and mechanical property estimation in composite product fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103305
Dongwei Zhang , Dongjie Kang , Luotong Fu , Mengxiao Lan , Songzhen Tang , Sen Yao , Lin Wang , Yonggang Lei
Microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) are one of the most effective heat sinks and are widely used in microelectronic devices. In this work, the flow characteristic and heat transfer synergistic analysis were presented and investigated in a microchannel with adding 2.24 MHz high-frequency ultrasound. The results indicated that acoustic streaming was the main factor affecting the flow pattern and heat transfer performance in the microchannel. At low flow rates, the acoustic streaming had a great impact on heat transfer process in the microchannel. But at large Reynolds numbers, the fluid had much stronger resistance due to the acoustic streaming disturbance. Consequently, the enhanced influence of acoustic streaming was gradually weakened. When the Reynolds number is 16.77, the addition of ultrasound increases the Nusselt number by nearly 5.2 times. From transient analysis, it can be concluded that the ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming effect improves the heat transfer between the fluid and the wall, as well as between the fluids in different layers, which consequently improves the heat transfer performance in the microchannel. The work provides the reference for revealing the impacts of high-frequency ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels.
{"title":"Investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannel with high-frequency ultrasound","authors":"Dongwei Zhang , Dongjie Kang , Luotong Fu , Mengxiao Lan , Songzhen Tang , Sen Yao , Lin Wang , Yonggang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) are one of the most effective heat sinks and are widely used in microelectronic devices. In this work, the flow characteristic and heat transfer synergistic analysis were presented and investigated in a microchannel with adding 2.24 MHz high-frequency ultrasound. The results indicated that acoustic streaming was the main factor affecting the flow pattern and heat transfer performance in the microchannel. At low flow rates, the acoustic streaming had a great impact on heat transfer process in the microchannel. But at large Reynolds numbers, the fluid had much stronger resistance due to the acoustic streaming disturbance. Consequently, the enhanced influence of acoustic streaming was gradually weakened. When the Reynolds number is 16.77, the addition of ultrasound increases the Nusselt number by nearly 5.2 times. From transient analysis, it can be concluded that the ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming effect improves the heat transfer between the fluid and the wall, as well as between the fluids in different layers, which consequently improves the heat transfer performance in the microchannel. The work provides the reference for revealing the impacts of high-frequency ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103289
Lou Shuwei
With the aging of the population, the quality of life and health management of the elderly have received more and more attention. Indoor thermal environment has an important impact on the comfort and health of the elderly, but the traditional indoor environment control methods are often unable to adjust flexibly according to the needs of different individuals. This study aims to explore the indoor thermal environment optimization scheme based on artificial intelligence technology to improve the living comfort and quality of life of the elderly, especially in the elderly rehabilitation environment. By combining environmental sensors, intelligent temperature control system and machine learning algorithm, an intelligent heat management model is established. The model can monitor indoor temperature, humidity and air quality in real time, and automatically regulate the indoor thermal environment according to the individual needs and preferences of the elderly. Data is collected through a smart home platform, and machine learning algorithms are used to analyze historical data and optimize environmental regulation strategies. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent thermal environment optimization system has remarkable performance in providing personalized comfort, the fluctuation range of indoor temperature is reduced, and the satisfaction of the elderly is increased. The system also effectively saves energy consumption and improves the overall energy efficiency of the environment. The indoor thermal environment optimization scheme based on artificial intelligence provides a more comfortable and healthy living environment for the elderly, and has a good application prospect.
{"title":"Indoor energy conservation and intelligent elderly care rehabilitation based on ambient light sensing in the Internet of Things","authors":"Lou Shuwei","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the aging of the population, the quality of life and health management of the elderly have received more and more attention. Indoor thermal environment has an important impact on the comfort and health of the elderly, but the traditional indoor environment control methods are often unable to adjust flexibly according to the needs of different individuals. This study aims to explore the indoor thermal environment optimization scheme based on artificial intelligence technology to improve the living comfort and quality of life of the elderly, especially in the elderly rehabilitation environment. By combining environmental sensors, intelligent temperature control system and machine learning algorithm, an intelligent heat management model is established. The model can monitor indoor temperature, humidity and air quality in real time, and automatically regulate the indoor thermal environment according to the individual needs and preferences of the elderly. Data is collected through a smart home platform, and machine learning algorithms are used to analyze historical data and optimize environmental regulation strategies. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent thermal environment optimization system has remarkable performance in providing personalized comfort, the fluctuation range of indoor temperature is reduced, and the satisfaction of the elderly is increased. The system also effectively saves energy consumption and improves the overall energy efficiency of the environment. The indoor thermal environment optimization scheme based on artificial intelligence provides a more comfortable and healthy living environment for the elderly, and has a good application prospect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103278
Raoua Fattoum , Rached Miri , Ammar Hidouri , Mohammed El Hadi Attia , Müslüm Arıcı
This research explores enhancing the efficiency of a solar air heater (SAH) by integrating cone-perforated channels as roughness features on the absorber plate. Two configurations are examined: parallel-flow cone-perforated (PC) and inclined-flow cone-perforated (IC). Three diameters (20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm) for each configuration are tested. The PC configuration aligns the plates parallel to the flow, while the IC configuration arranges them at an incline. These configurations are labeled as PC20, PC30, PC40, IC20, IC30, and IC40, respectively. The model’s accuracy is validated by comparing calculated outcomes with experimental data. The Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model shows a favorable correspondence between the computed and observed results. Mass flow rate is varied from 0.022 to 0.045 kg/s to assess its impact on SAH performance. The cone-perforated channels significantly affect thermal performance, with inclined configurations (IC20, IC30, IC40) enhancing heat transfer efficiency more than parallel configurations (PC20, PC30, PC40) due to increased turbulence. Friction factor analysis shows increased resistance with narrower passages, especially in smaller diameters (PC20, IC20). Convective heat transfer analysis displays higher temperatures and Nusselt numbers in smaller diameter configurations, with enhancements from 6.09 % to 43.53 % compared to smooth ducts. Despite higher Nusselt numbers, parallel-flow cone-perforated plate absorbers exhibit lower thermo-hydraulic performance parameter values due to higher friction factors. In contrast, inclined-flow cone-perforated plate absorbers (IC40) demonstrate higher thermo-hydraulic performance, attributed to enhanced heat transfer and efficient airflow, making IC40 configurations more favorable for overall thermal–hydraulic performance.
{"title":"Optimizing heat transfer in solar collectors using cone-perforated channels: A 3D numerical analysis","authors":"Raoua Fattoum , Rached Miri , Ammar Hidouri , Mohammed El Hadi Attia , Müslüm Arıcı","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores enhancing the efficiency of a solar air heater (SAH) by integrating cone-perforated channels as roughness features on the absorber plate. Two configurations are examined: parallel-flow cone-perforated (PC) and inclined-flow cone-perforated (IC). Three diameters (20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm) for each configuration are tested. The PC configuration aligns the plates parallel to the flow, while the IC configuration arranges them at an incline. These configurations are labeled as PC20, PC30, PC40, IC20, IC30, and IC40, respectively. The model’s accuracy is validated by comparing calculated outcomes with experimental data. The Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model shows a favorable correspondence between the computed and observed results. Mass flow rate is varied from 0.022 to 0.045 kg/s to assess its impact on SAH performance. The cone-perforated channels significantly affect thermal performance, with inclined configurations (IC20, IC30, IC40) enhancing heat transfer efficiency more than parallel configurations (PC20, PC30, PC40) due to increased turbulence. Friction factor analysis shows increased resistance with narrower passages, especially in smaller diameters (PC20, IC20). Convective heat transfer analysis displays higher temperatures and Nusselt numbers in smaller diameter configurations, with enhancements from 6.09 % to 43.53 % compared to smooth ducts. Despite higher Nusselt numbers, parallel-flow cone-perforated plate absorbers exhibit lower thermo-hydraulic performance parameter values due to higher friction factors. In contrast, inclined-flow cone-perforated plate absorbers (IC40) demonstrate higher thermo-hydraulic performance, attributed to enhanced heat transfer and efficient airflow, making IC40 configurations more favorable for overall thermal–hydraulic performance<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the heat rate (HR) of gas turbines in a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) were developed and compared in this study. The heat rate, a critical performance indicator, reflects the amount of fuel energy required to electricity generation. A lower heat rate indicates higher efficiency and reduced fuel consumption. The first model uses seven input variables, including fuel gas temperature (FT), ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), compressor outlet temperature (CT), compressor outlet pressure (CP), variable guide vane (VGV), and gas turbine heat input (HI). The second model includes an additional input variable, power output (PO), making it an eight-input model. Both models were performed in MATLAB using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, with node variations from 1 to 20, to determine the optimal network architecture. The 8-input model demonstrated superior performance, with a higher prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.986) and lower mean squared error (MSE = 518) compared to the 7-input model (MSE = 1,053). PO shows the strongest inverse relationship to HR (R = −0.898), which aligns with thermodynamic principles, where increased power output corresponds to improved energy conversion efficiency. CP, HI, and VGV also have significant negative relationships with HR. These findings indicate that incorporating power output as an additional input variable significantly improves the model’s ability to predict the heat rate. The ANN models offer a reliable and accurate tool for monitoring heat rates, optimizing energy efficiency, and supporting operational decision-making in gas turbines at combined-cycle power plants.
{"title":"Gas turbine heat rate prediction in combined cycle power plant using artificial neural network","authors":"Kanit Manatura , Nawaporn Rummith , Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan , Namfon Samsalee , Wei-Hsin Chen , Kankamon Phookronghin , Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the heat rate (HR) of gas turbines in a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) were developed and compared in this study. The heat rate, a critical performance indicator, reflects the amount of fuel energy required to electricity generation. A lower heat rate indicates higher efficiency and reduced fuel consumption. The first model uses seven input variables, including fuel gas temperature (FT), ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), compressor outlet temperature (CT), compressor outlet pressure (CP), variable guide vane (VGV), and gas turbine heat input (HI). The second model includes an additional input variable, power output (PO), making it an eight-input model. Both models were performed in MATLAB using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, with node variations from 1 to 20, to determine the optimal network architecture. The 8-input model demonstrated superior performance, with a higher prediction accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.986) and lower mean squared error (MSE = 518) compared to the 7-input model (MSE = 1,053). PO shows the strongest inverse relationship to HR (R = −0.898), which aligns with thermodynamic principles, where increased power output corresponds to improved energy conversion efficiency. CP, HI, and VGV also have significant negative relationships with HR. These findings indicate that incorporating power output as an additional input variable significantly improves the model’s ability to predict the heat rate. The ANN models offer a reliable and accurate tool for monitoring heat rates, optimizing energy efficiency, and supporting operational decision-making in gas turbines at combined-cycle power plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103298
Nanda kumar Srinivasan, Chandrasekaran Ponnusamy
The current work investigates the stability and thermophysical characteristics of various groups of surfactants used in single and hybrid Nanofluid Phase Change Materials (NFPCMs) for cool thermal energy storage (CTES) applications. The single and hybrid NFPCMs were prepared using the oxygen-functionalized GNP and CuO nanomaterials along with three surfactants of CTAB (cationic) SDBS (anionic), and GA (non-ionic) separately, at a 0.1 wt% of nanomaterials in the DI water as a base PCM. Among the different surfactant types of hybrids and single NFPCMs, the SDBS surfactant type of hybrid NFPCM 1 has shown maximum stability, with a smaller average particle size of 227.7 nm and a zeta potential value of −47.3 mV. Furthermore, compared to the basic PCM, the SDBS hybrid NFPCM 1 thermal conductivity exhibits a maximum enhancement of 18.96 % in the liquid state and 31.46 % in the solid state. The latent heat value is maximum dropped by 13.42 % and 10.1 % for GA surfactant type hybrid NFPCM 3 at a heating rate of 5 Kmin−1 during heating and cooling, respectively. Moreover, the thermal stability analysis of TGA shows that both single and hybrid NFPCMs have a suitable peak thermal degradation temperature that is recommended for use in cool energy storage applications. The hybrid NFPCM storage unit integrated with the chiller has the highest stability and thermal properties, capable of achieving environmental pollution redress and energy saving by minimizing the duration of the PCM’s charge.
{"title":"Impact of surfactant groups on the stability, thermophysical and phase change characteristics of water-based single and hybrid nanofluid PCMs for cool energy storage applications","authors":"Nanda kumar Srinivasan, Chandrasekaran Ponnusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current work investigates the stability and thermophysical characteristics of various groups of surfactants used in single and hybrid Nanofluid Phase Change Materials (NFPCMs) for cool thermal energy storage (CTES) applications. The single and hybrid NFPCMs were prepared using the oxygen-functionalized GNP and CuO nanomaterials along with three surfactants of CTAB (cationic) SDBS (anionic), and GA (non-ionic) separately, at a 0.1 wt% of nanomaterials in the DI water as a base PCM. Among the different surfactant types of hybrids and single NFPCMs, the SDBS surfactant type of hybrid NFPCM 1 has shown maximum stability, with a smaller average particle size of 227.7 nm and a zeta potential value of −47.3 mV. Furthermore, compared to the basic PCM, the SDBS hybrid NFPCM 1 thermal conductivity exhibits a maximum enhancement of 18.96 % in the liquid state and 31.46 % in the solid state. The latent heat value is maximum dropped by 13.42 % and 10.1 % for GA surfactant type hybrid NFPCM 3 at a heating rate of 5 Kmin<sup>−1</sup> <!-->during heating and cooling, respectively. Moreover, the thermal stability analysis of TGA shows that both single and hybrid NFPCMs have a suitable peak thermal degradation temperature that is recommended for use in cool energy storage applications. The hybrid NFPCM storage unit integrated with the chiller has the highest stability and thermal properties, capable of achieving environmental pollution redress and energy saving by minimizing the duration of the PCM’s charge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103293
Dongdong Liu
In the rehabilitation of sports function, the adjustment ability of nervous system directly affects the training effect and competitive state of athletes. In this study, FNIRS and thermal radiation imaging technology were combined to deeply analyze the nervous system activity and body surface temperature changes of athletes under different exercise loads. The athletes were asked to complete a series of standardized exercise tasks while monitoring changes in blood oxygen levels in their cerebral cortex using FNIRS devices and recording body surface temperature distributions using high-precision thermal imaging cameras. The correlation between nervous system activity and body surface temperature was studied by comparing FNIRS and thermal radiation image data under different exercise loads. The results showed that blood oxygen levels in specific areas of the athletes’ brains changed significantly during increased exercise load, indicating increased neural activity in these areas. The thermal radiation images showed that with the increase of exercise intensity, the athletes’ body surface temperature also increased significantly, especially in the areas with more muscle activity. Further analysis shows that there is a certain correlation between the rise of body surface temperature and the changes of brain blood oxygen level, especially in the key areas of motor function rehabilitation. As a non-invasive tool for real-time monitoring of body surface temperature changes, thermal radiation images can provide important physiological information for sports rehabilitation.
{"title":"Neural system regulation of athletes based on FNIRS and thermal radiation images: Rehabilitation of motor function","authors":"Dongdong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the rehabilitation of sports function, the adjustment ability of nervous system directly affects the training effect and competitive state of athletes. In this study, FNIRS and thermal radiation imaging technology were combined to deeply analyze the nervous system activity and body surface temperature changes of athletes under different exercise loads. The athletes were asked to complete a series of standardized exercise tasks while monitoring changes in blood oxygen levels in their cerebral cortex using FNIRS devices and recording body surface temperature distributions using high-precision thermal imaging cameras. The correlation between nervous system activity and body surface temperature was studied by comparing FNIRS and thermal radiation image data under different exercise loads. The results showed that blood oxygen levels in specific areas of the athletes’ brains changed significantly during increased exercise load, indicating increased neural activity in these areas. The thermal radiation images showed that with the increase of exercise intensity, the athletes’ body surface temperature also increased significantly, especially in the areas with more muscle activity. Further analysis shows that there is a certain correlation between the rise of body surface temperature and the changes of brain blood oxygen level, especially in the key areas of motor function rehabilitation. As a non-invasive tool for real-time monitoring of body surface temperature changes, thermal radiation images can provide important physiological information for sports rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103292
Gang Gao , Ruiping Ni , Kaifeng Wang , Tingxin Zhang , Feng Gao , Hao Liu , Yongjiang Wang
The study evaluated the clinical efficacy of foraminal endoscopy combined with neurotolin in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease and monitored changes before and after treatment using thermal imaging techniques. All patients underwent foraminal endoscopic surgery and were treated with neurotolin after surgery. Before and after treatment, detailed clinical evaluation was performed on the patients, and the waist of the patients was scanned by thermal radiation image examination technology, and the changes of thermal radiation image before and after treatment were recorded. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by comparative analysis. After treatment with foraminal endoscopy and neurotolin, the pain degree of the patient was significantly reduced, the functional activity was significantly improved, and the quality of life score was also significantly improved. Thermal radiation image examination showed that the lumbar heat radiation distribution of the patients was more uniform after treatment, and the abnormal hot area was reduced, indicating that local inflammation and pain were effectively controlled. The results of statistical analysis show that the treatment method has a remarkable clinical effect. As a non-invasive evaluation method, thermal radiation image examination shows a good application prospect in monitoring the therapeutic effect.
{"title":"Clinical study of intervertebral foramen endoscope combined with neurotriptyline in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine diseases: Thermal radiation image inspection","authors":"Gang Gao , Ruiping Ni , Kaifeng Wang , Tingxin Zhang , Feng Gao , Hao Liu , Yongjiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study evaluated the clinical efficacy of foraminal endoscopy combined with neurotolin in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease and monitored changes before and after treatment using thermal imaging techniques. All patients underwent foraminal endoscopic surgery and were treated with neurotolin after surgery. Before and after treatment, detailed clinical evaluation was performed on the patients, and the waist of the patients was scanned by thermal radiation image examination technology, and the changes of thermal radiation image before and after treatment were recorded. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by comparative analysis. After treatment with foraminal endoscopy and neurotolin, the pain degree of the patient was significantly reduced, the functional activity was significantly improved, and the quality of life score was also significantly improved. Thermal radiation image examination showed that the lumbar heat radiation distribution of the patients was more uniform after treatment, and the abnormal hot area was reduced, indicating that local inflammation and pain were effectively controlled. The results of statistical analysis show that the treatment method has a remarkable clinical effect. As a non-invasive evaluation method, thermal radiation image examination shows a good application prospect in monitoring the therapeutic effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103288
Iván Carrillo-Berdugo, María Gragera-García, Saray Gragera-García, Juan Jesús Gallardo, Desirée de los Santos, Rodrigo Alcántara, Javier Navas
This work examines the stability and the density, dynamic viscosity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of a series of polydimethylsiloxane-based nanofluids with TiO2 nanoparticles. Even though polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) is a promising heat transfer fluid for concentrating solar power, its non-polar, aprotic nature complicates the production of stable nanofluids without surfactants or pH control. This, in turn, limits the efficiency and lifespan of these nanofluids. The case study dedicates some space for reflection about the stability challenge for the research community working on nanofluids at fundamental and applied levels. A robust experimental protocol is sketched for quality control in the design of nanofluids, stressing the need for a quantitative assessment of stability before thermal performance is appraised.
{"title":"Stability is the key for nanofluids to enter applications: Reflections from a case study on PDMS/TiO2 nanofluids","authors":"Iván Carrillo-Berdugo, María Gragera-García, Saray Gragera-García, Juan Jesús Gallardo, Desirée de los Santos, Rodrigo Alcántara, Javier Navas","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work examines the stability and the density, dynamic viscosity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of a series of polydimethylsiloxane-based nanofluids with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Even though polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) is a promising heat transfer fluid for concentrating solar power, its non-polar, aprotic nature complicates the production of stable nanofluids without surfactants or pH control. This, in turn, limits the efficiency and lifespan of these nanofluids. The case study dedicates some space for reflection about the stability challenge for the research community working on nanofluids at fundamental and applied levels. A robust experimental protocol is sketched for quality control in the design of nanofluids, stressing the need for a quantitative assessment of stability before thermal performance is appraised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 103288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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