Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献_第4页

Dynamics of unsteady MHD pressure-driven non-isothermal radiative flow of Maxwell fluid with joule heating and viscous dissipation 具有焦耳加热和粘性耗散的非定常MHD压力驱动麦克斯韦流体非等温辐射流动动力学

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104585

Rehman Ali Shah , Muhammad Naveed , Ayesha Hassan , Babar Iftikhar , Muhammad Shoaib

A viscoelastic (Maxwell) fluid exhibits both elastic and viscous behavior, characterized by a relaxation time that indicates how long the fluid takes to return to its original state after deformation, and plays a crucial role in various industrial and engineering processes. The present analysis consists of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell fluid flow due to pressure-and buoyancy-driven flow. Additionally, we incorporated the effects of thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation during heat transfer. The unsteady coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the flow and heat transfer, after non-dimensionalization, are solved using MATLAB code based on the implicit finite difference technique. The results are performed against the wide range of key dimensionless parameters (

α

) and

(λ)

are the mixed convection (representing the combined influence of buoyancy and forced convection) and Maxwell parameters (characterizing the fluid’s relaxation behavior and elastic effects). At a small value of

(α

), only a single peak/circulation of the velocity field is formed, but at a large

(α)

, another peak with intensity

1.1515

is also formed near the z-axis, due to the dominant convective flow. The intensity of the velocity-field circulation is reduced to

0.3132

to

0.23732

as the viscoelastic parameter

(λ)

increases from

0.1

to

1.3

.

粘弹性（麦克斯韦）流体具有弹性和粘性两种特性，其特征是松弛时间，该松弛时间表示流体在变形后恢复到原始状态所需的时间，在各种工业和工程过程中起着至关重要的作用。本文分析了压力和浮力驱动下的非定常麦克斯韦流体流动。此外，我们还考虑了热辐射、焦耳加热和传热过程中的粘性耗散的影响。基于隐式有限差分技术，对控制流动和传热的非定常耦合偏微分方程进行了非量纲化求解。研究结果是针对大范围的关键无量纲参数（α）和（λ）进行的，即混合对流（代表浮力和强制对流的综合影响）和麦克斯韦参数（表征流体的松弛行为和弹性效应）。在较小的（α）值下，速度场只形成一个单峰/环流，而在较大的（α）值下，在z轴附近也形成另一个强度为1.1515的峰值，这是由于对流流的主导。黏弹性参数（λ）从0.1增大到1.3，速度场环流强度减小到0.3132 ~ 0.23732。

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引用次数: 0

Performance enhancement of a single-slope solar still using graphene-coated absorber plate and optimized fin geometry 利用石墨烯涂层吸收板和优化翅片几何形状增强单坡太阳能蒸馏器的性能

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104545

R. Prem Sankar , C. Karpagavalli , Vijayakumar Rajendran , Amuthakkannan Rajakannu

The Single Slope Solar Still (SSS) is widely used for desalination purposes due to its simplicity and low manufacturing cost, but it suffers from limited freshwater productivity. The current study focuses on an innovative design to enhance the performance of a still using graphene-dispersed black paint on the absorber plate, along with variances in the shapes of fins, such as rectangular, cylindrical, and combined fins. An overall one-year analysis was carried out for the study under three predominant climatic situations: summer, monsoon, and winter. From the study, it was observed that the graphene-coated SSS equipped with a cylindrical fin performs best irrespective of all climatic conditions. During summer, the average temperatures of condensate water, absorber plate, glass cover, and basin vapor were recorded as 56.1 °C, 57.2 °C, 50.3 °C, and 60.5 °C, respectively, thereby giving a maximum cumulative freshwater productivity of 2322 ml/day, with an overall energy efficiency of 47%. During the monsoon and winter, freshwater productivities of 1963 ml/day and 1776 ml/day, along with overall energy efficiency of 38.4% and 35.8%, respectively, were observed. The optimum system’s average exergy efficiency was seen to be 2.94%, 2.4%, and 2.2% under summer, monsoon, and winter conditions, respectively. Also, the economic analysis showed that the economic cost of distilled water production lies in the range of $0.034–0.038/liter in different seasons. These results prove that the synergistic integration of graphene coating and cylindrical fins significantly enhances the thermal, exergetic, and economic viability of single-slope solar stills under varying climatic conditions.

单坡太阳能蒸馏器（SSS）由于其简单和制造成本低而被广泛用于海水淡化目的，但其淡水生产力有限。目前的研究重点是一种创新的设计，以提高一个蒸馏器的性能，在吸收板上使用石墨烯分散的黑色油漆，以及不同形状的鳍，如矩形、圆柱形和组合鳍。该研究在三种主要气候情况下进行了为期一年的总体分析：夏季、季风和冬季。从研究中可以观察到，配备圆柱形鳍的石墨烯涂层SSS无论在何种气候条件下都表现最佳。在夏季，凝结水、吸收板、玻璃盖和盆地蒸汽的平均温度分别为56.1°C、57.2°C、50.3°C和60.5°C，从而最大累积淡水生产力为2322 ml/天，整体能源效率为47%。在季风和冬季，淡水生产力分别为1963 ml/d和1776 ml/d，总能源效率分别为38.4%和35.8%。在夏季、季风和冬季条件下，系统的最佳平均火用效率分别为2.94%、2.4%和2.2%。经济分析表明，不同季节蒸馏水生产的经济成本在0.034 ~ 0.038美元/升之间。这些结果证明，石墨烯涂层和圆柱形翅片的协同集成显著提高了单坡太阳能蒸馏器在不同气候条件下的热、用和经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Pyramid-shaped solar still desalination systems performance assessment and optimisation using sequential neural networks and genetic algorithms 利用序列神经网络和遗传算法对金字塔形太阳能蒸馏器脱盐系统进行性能评估和优化

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104532

Jafar Zanganeh, Hajir Karimi, Behdad Moghtaderi

Freshwater scarcity in many regions underscores the urgent need for efficient and sustainable Freshwater production methods. This study presents a sequential artificial neural network (ANN) model, integrated with a genetic algorithm (GA) optimisation, to predict and maximise the freshwater output of a pyramid solar still (PSS). By modelling thermal and mass-transfer stages, the sequential ANN accurately captured complex nonlinear interactions among meteorological, design, and operational parameters, without relying on simplifying assumptions. The ANN model achieved high predictive accuracy (MAE = 0.04, R = 0.98), aligning well with experimental data. Applying importance analysis to the ANN process model, indicated solar irradiance, daytime, and temperature differences have the highest impact, accounting for 70% of the variance in productivity. Optimisation results indicated that the ideal operating conditions were achieved at water depths of 3.5 cm and 3.6 cm, with temperature differential of 11.7 °C for GA. These conditions yielded peak hourly productivity of 0.720 L/m².hr. The optimal water depths slightly exceed the acceptable range of 1–3 cm reported in the literature, which may be due to differing control conditions in those studies. This hybrid modelling framework provides a powerful tool for improving PSS design and accelerating the commercialisation of solar desalination systems.

许多地区的淡水短缺突出表明迫切需要有效和可持续的淡水生产方法。本研究提出了一个序列人工神经网络（ANN）模型，结合遗传算法（GA）优化，来预测和最大化金字塔太阳能蒸馏器（PSS）的淡水输出。通过对热和传质阶段进行建模，序列人工神经网络准确地捕获了气象、设计和运行参数之间复杂的非线性相互作用，而不依赖于简化的假设。人工神经网络模型预测准确率较高（MAE = 0.04, R = 0.98），与实验数据吻合较好。通过对人工神经网络过程模型的重要性分析，发现太阳辐照度、白天和温度差异的影响最大，占生产率方差的70%。优化结果表明，GA在水深为3.5 cm和3.6 cm、温差为11.7℃时达到理想工况。在这些条件下，每小时的最高生产率为0.720 L/m2.hr。最佳水深略超过文献报道的1-3厘米的可接受范围，这可能是由于这些研究的控制条件不同。这种混合建模框架为改进PSS设计和加速太阳能海水淡化系统的商业化提供了强大的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive differential evolution approaches in real-time optimization of co-generation systems for enhanced energy minimization 基于能量最小化的热电联产系统实时优化中的自适应差分进化方法

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104534

Fakhrony Sholahudin Rohman , Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi , Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi , Hong An Er , Dinie Muhammad , Ashraf Azmi

This paper examines Real Time Optimization (RTO) for an industrial cogeneration plant featuring a tightly coupled multi boiler turbine network, in which fluctuating steam and power demands and fuel price volatility necessitate continual economic re optimization while preserving closed loop stability. Three evolutionary optimizers are Differential Evolution (DE), Hybrid Differential Evolution (HDE), and Adaptive Differential Evolution (ADE) deployed as the supervisory RTO layer above the regulatory controllers, with Model Predictive Control (MPC) regulating boiler pressure (Control Variable 1, CV1) and drum level CV2 and PI or PI loops regulating turbine power. A deterministic, repeatable stress test is introduced through sequential step changes in high pressure steam demand, medium pressure steam demand, power demand, and natural gas price, enabling systematic evaluation of transient adaptability and robustness. Over five boilers and the turbine network, multi run mean and deviation results show that ADE delivers the most consistent overall behavior, yielding smoother operating trajectories, improved tracking, and lower energy usage. Specifically, the total integrated energy consumption is approximately 895 MWh with ADE, compared to 926 MWh with DE and 1259 MWh with HDE, equivalent to reductions of about 3 percent versus DE and 29 percent versus HDE. Control performance improves in parallel the mean boiler pressure (Integral Square Error) ISE CV1 drops by roughly 68 percent relative to DE and 71 percent relative to HDE, while turbine regulation shows substantial enhancement with turbine ISE reduced by about 98 percent compared with DE. Overall, the results demonstrate that adaptive evolutionary optimization strengthens coordination between the RTO and control layers, providing a robust and energy efficient strategy for real time cogeneration operation under dynamic demand and price disturbances.

本文研究了一个工业热电联产电厂的实时优化（RTO），该电厂具有紧密耦合的多锅炉汽轮机网络，其中波动的蒸汽和电力需求以及燃料价格波动需要持续的经济再优化，同时保持闭环稳定性。三种进化优化器分别是差分进化（DE）、混合差分进化（HDE）和自适应差分进化（ADE），它们被部署为监管RTO层，位于调节控制器之上，模型预测控制（MPC）调节锅炉压力（控制变量1，CV1）和汽包液位CV2， PI或PI回路调节涡轮机功率。通过高压蒸汽需求、中压蒸汽需求、电力需求和天然气价格的连续阶跃变化，引入了确定性、可重复的压力测试，从而系统地评估了暂态适应性和鲁棒性。在5台锅炉和汽轮机网络中，多次运行的平均值和偏差结果表明，ADE提供了最一致的整体行为，产生了更平滑的运行轨迹，改进了跟踪，降低了能耗。具体来说，ADE的总综合能耗约为895兆瓦时，而DE为926兆瓦时，HDE为1259兆瓦时，相当于比DE减少约3%，比HDE减少29%。控制性能同步提高，平均锅炉压力（积分平方误差）ISE CV1相对于DE下降了大约68%，相对于HDE下降了71%，而涡轮机调节性能则显著增强，涡轮机ISE与DE相比降低了约98%。总体而言，结果表明自适应进化优化加强了RTO和控制层之间的协调。为动态需求和价格扰动下的实时热电联产运行提供一个强大的节能策略。

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引用次数: 0

Propane–syngas premixed flames in a heat‑flux burner: Effect of H2/CO enrichment on laminar burning velocity, temperature profiles, and mechanism sensitivity 热流燃烧器中丙烷-合成气预混火焰：H2/CO富集对层流燃烧速度、温度分布和机理敏感性的影响

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104547

Bigeud Bouhentala , Hartmut Krause , Sven Eckart

Blending syngas with propane offers a versatile approach to tune combustion behavior, merging the high reactivity and clean burning properties of syngas with the stability and energy density of propane enabling flexible syngas adoption in the current combustion systems. Premixed propane–syngas flames were investigated at 298 K and 1 bar over an equivalence-ratio range of ϕ = 0.6–1.5 to quantify the Laminar Burning Velocity (LBV) and flame temperature. The LBV was measured using a heat-flux burner (quasi-adiabatic, planar flame), and temperature profiles at Heights Above the Burner (HAB) of 1–20 mm were recorded using a type-S thermocouple and corrected for radiative losses via a steady-state convection–radiation balance (ε = 0.205–0.235). Equimolar and non-equimolar H₂/CO syngas blends, with syngas fractions up to 80% of the fuel, were examined. Numerical predictions were obtained using a one-dimensional freely propagating flame model with the USC II, San Diego, Aramco 2.0, C3MechLite, and NUIG 1.1 kinetic mechanisms; the San Diego mechanism best reproduces lean LBV, whereas USC II performs better under rich conditions. Increasing syngas content increases LBV at all ϕ and shifts the LBV peak from ϕ = 1.0 to ϕ = 1.1 at high syngas fractions; at ϕ = 1.5, LBV increases by 145% as the syngas fraction rises from 20% to 80%. The peak flame temperature (T_peak) increases by 2.9% at ϕ = 0.8 and by 12.5% at ϕ = 1.4 for 80% equimolar syngas, with H₂-rich syngas yielding higher values than CO-rich blends. Sensitivity and radical-profile analyses indicate that H-atom branching (H + O₂ = O + OH) and OH-assisted CO oxidation promote LBV, whereas HO₂ formation and H-recombination pathways limit the gains, consistent with the observed mechanism-to-mechanism differences under rich conditions. Syngas addition also moves the flame front closer to the burner (HAB ≈ 1 mm versus 2 mm for propane), consistent with improved rich-side stabilization. Overall, the dataset provides a combined experimental–numerical benchmark of LBV and temperature profiles for propane flames enriched with syngas (H₂/CO), including both equimolar and non-equimolar blends up to 80% of the fuel for model validation and syngas-utilization studies.

将合成气与丙烷混合提供了一种调整燃烧行为的通用方法，将合成气的高反应性和清洁燃烧特性与丙烷的稳定性和能量密度相结合，使合成气在当前的燃烧系统中得到灵活的应用。在φ = 0.6-1.5的等效比范围内，在298 K和1 bar条件下对预混丙烷-合成气火焰进行了研究，以量化层流燃烧速度（LBV）和火焰温度。LBV使用热通量燃烧器（准绝热平面火焰）测量，使用s型热电偶记录燃烧器上方高度（HAB） 1-20 mm的温度分布，并通过稳态对流-辐射平衡（ε = 0.205-0.235）校正辐射损失。测试了等摩尔和非等摩尔H2/CO合成气混合物，合成气馏分高达燃料的80%。采用USC II、San Diego、Aramco 2.0、C3MechLite和NUIG 1.1的一维自由传播火焰模型进行了数值预测；圣地亚哥机制能最好地再现贫LBV，而USC II在富条件下表现更好。随着合成气含量的增加，各φ处的LBV均增加，且高合成气馏分处的LBV峰值由φ = 1.0变为φ = 1.1；在φ = 1.5时，随着合成气分数从20%增加到80%，LBV增加了145%。当φ = 0.8时，80%等摩尔合成气的火焰峰值温度（Tpeak）增加2.9%，当φ = 1.4时，火焰峰值温度增加12.5%，其中富h2合成气的火焰峰值温度高于富co混合气。灵敏度和自由基谱分析表明，H原子分支（H + O2 = O + OH）和OH辅助CO氧化促进了LBV，而HO2形成和H-重组途径限制了这一增益，这与富氧条件下观察到的机理差异一致。合成气的加入也使火焰前缘更靠近燃烧器（HAB≈1毫米，而丙烷为2毫米），与改进的富侧稳定性一致。总体而言，该数据集为富含合成气（H2/CO）的丙烷火焰提供了LBV和温度分布的实验-数值组合基准，包括等摩尔和非等摩尔混合物，高达80%的燃料，用于模型验证和合成气利用研究。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal performance of a hybrid pulsed nanofluid flow in a channel with obstacles formed using a dual MRT–LBM approach 混合脉冲纳米流体在双MRT-LBM方法形成障碍通道中的热性能

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104578

Abdelilah Makaoui, Mohammed Amine Moussaoui, Ahmed Mezrhab

The multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM) was used to study the flow of a pulsating hybrid nanofluid of copper and aluminium (Cu–Al₂O₃) and water containing two internal obstacles inside a heated microchannel. The effects of the Reynolds number (Re), Strouhal number (St), total nanoparticle volume fraction (φ), copper mixing ratio, and obstacle shape (rectangular vs. trapezoidal) were determined using the mean Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and performance evaluation criterion (PEC). Increases in φ and copper ratio enhanced effective heat transfer, resulting in an increase in Nū. Under identical operating conditions, this reached a maximum of 28% compared to water for φ = 4% and 75% copper. The inlet pulse produced a non-uniform response, with the optimal result occurring near St ≈ 0.8. Within this region, the periodic disturbance of the boundary layer and the regeneration of the thermal fluid near the wall were more effective. Increasing St led to a further decrease in net gain due to phase lag and incomplete thermal redevelopment within the cycle. Replacing the rectangular obstacle with a trapezoidal obstacles suppresses stagnation recirculation and promotes smoother reattachment. This improves the hydrodynamic thermal equilibrium, resulting in a maximum PEC≈1.35. These results provide design guidelines for the coordinated selection of hybrid configuration, pulse frequency, and barrier shape in microchannel heat sinks.

采用多重弛豫时间晶格玻尔兹曼方法（MRT-LBM）研究了铜铝（Cu-Al2O3）和水在加热微通道内的脉动混合纳米流体的流动。采用平均努塞尔数（Nu）、摩擦系数(f)和性能评价标准（PEC）确定了雷诺数（Re）、斯特罗哈尔数（St）、总纳米颗粒体积分数（φ）、铜混合比和障碍物形状（矩形与阶梯）的影响。φ和铜比的增大增大了有效换热，导致nhi增大。在相同的操作条件下，与φ = 4%和铜含量为75%的水相比，这一比例最高可达28%。进口脉冲产生非均匀响应，最佳结果出现在St≈0.8附近。在该区域内，边界层的周期性扰动和壁面附近热流体的再生更为有效。由于相位滞后和循环内热再开发不完全，St的增加导致净增益进一步降低。用梯形障碍物代替矩形障碍物抑制滞止再循环，促进更平滑的再附着。这改善了流体动力热平衡，导致最大PEC≈1.35。这些结果为微通道散热器的混合结构、脉冲频率和势垒形状的协调选择提供了设计指导。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the non-uniform temperature field in CRTS II slab track based on measured meteorological data 基于实测气象资料的CRTS II平板轨道非均匀温度场时空演变特征

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104591

Chang Xu , Zhixuan Wang , Yunchuan Ou , Zhiyu Zeng , Pingrui Zhao

Clarifying the spatiotemporal evolution of the temperature field is essential for accurately investigating thermal effects in track structures. This study developed a finite element model based on heat transfer theory and dynamic sunlight area identification to investigate the non-uniform temperature field in CRTS II slab track. Through on-site monitoring experiments, meteorological variation characteristics were captured and used to validate the accuracy of the computational model. The analysis reveals that the temperature field of the track structure under solar radiation exhibits pronounced spatiotemporal non-uniformity. Temperature fluctuations diminish with increasing distance from the track surface, while the occurrence of peak temperatures is progressively delayed, and the vertical temperature gradient of different structural layers at the same time may be in the opposite state. The vertical non-uniformity of the temperature field in the track structure is governed by the thickness of structural layers and the efficiency of vertical heat transfer within materials, while the transverse non-uniformity is primarily determined by the relative position of the sun to the track and the shadowing effects. A distinct nonlinear relationship exists between the track structure temperature and solar radiation intensity. The daily average air temperature predominantly governs the overall temperature variation of the track structure, whereas the daily air temperature amplitude primarily influences the temperature gradient within the structure. The line direction exerts the greatest influence on the temperature distribution between the two sides of the track structure, exhibiting marked seasonal correlation. The sun-shade asymmetry effect is weakest when the line direction angle is 90°.

厘清温度场的时空演变，对于准确研究轨道结构的热效应至关重要。建立了基于传热理论和动态日照面积识别的有限元模型，研究了CRTS II型平板轨道的非均匀温度场。通过现场监测实验，捕获了气象变化特征，并用于验证计算模型的准确性。分析表明，轨道结构在太阳辐射下的温度场表现出明显的时空不均匀性。温度波动随离轨道表面距离的增加而减小，峰值温度的出现逐渐延迟，同时不同结构层的垂直温度梯度可能处于相反的状态。轨道结构温度场的垂直非均匀性主要由结构层厚度和材料内部垂直换热效率决定，而横向非均匀性主要由太阳与轨道的相对位置和遮蔽效应决定。轨道结构温度与太阳辐射强度之间存在明显的非线性关系。日平均气温主导着轨道结构的整体温度变化，日平均气温幅值主要影响轨道结构内部的温度梯度。线向对轨道结构两侧温度分布的影响最大，表现出明显的季节相关性。当线向角为90°时，遮阳不对称效应最弱。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal environment of spatial morphology in clustered villages: field evidence, simulation analysis, and planning implications from the Guanzhong Plain China 关中平原集群式村落空间形态热环境：实地证据、模拟分析及规划启示

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104548

Kai Xin , Xina Ma , Zijing Peng , Zhuoer Lu , Yu Zhu , Qianru Sun , Tianhui Wang , Jingyuan Zhao , Weijun Gao

Chinese villages are distinguished by their dense distribution and pronounced spatial clustering, with thermal environment conditions strongly shaped by their spatial morphology. This study investigates how the spatial morphology of clustered villages affects local microclimates, aiming to address a gap in current research. Using 42 villages in the Guanzhong Plain, microclimate data were obtained through field measurements and ENVI-met simulations. A regression model identified key spatial indicators, and a curve-fitting model was developed to predict their optimal threshold ranges. Main results indicate that public spaces exhibit the largest diurnal variation in air temperature and relative humidity during typical summer days. Road Area Floor (Raf) makes a significant contribution on AT, RH, and wind speed, while Ba exhibits the smallest contribution. Road space is the main spatial type that affects the microclimatic environment of villages, then, the key village spatial morphology indicators system was established. The curve prediction model for Raf and PET (Y = −807.103X² + 70.297X + 58.567, R² = 0.731) indicates that the maximum value of Raf was calculated to be 0.043. This study fills a theoretical gap in the microclimate research of clustered rural settlements. The proposed spatial morphology index system and thresholds offer practical guidance for rural planning, supporting rural revitalization efforts.

中国村落分布密集，空间集聚性明显，热环境条件受其空间形态的影响较大。本研究旨在探讨集群式村落的空间形态对当地小气候的影响，以弥补目前研究的空白。以关中平原42个村庄为研究对象，通过野外实测和ENVI-met模拟获得了小气候数据。通过回归模型识别关键空间指标，并建立曲线拟合模型预测其最优阈值范围。研究结果表明，在典型的夏季，公共空间的温度和相对湿度的日变化最大。道路面积地板（Raf）对AT、RH和风速的贡献显著，Ba的贡献最小。道路空间是影响村寨小气候环境的主要空间类型，在此基础上建立了村寨重点空间形态指标体系。通过对Raf和PET的曲线预测模型（Y =−807.103X2 + 70.297X + 58.567, R2 = 0.731）计算得出Raf的最大值为0.043。本研究填补了乡村聚落小气候研究的理论空白。提出的空间形态指标体系和阈值为乡村规划提供了实践指导，支持乡村振兴。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in thermal management and safety of Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles: Addressing thermal runaway and fire risk mitigation 电动汽车用锂离子电池的热管理和安全进展：解决热失控和火灾风险缓解问题

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104561

S. Hemavathi , A. Arun Kumar , R. AkashKumar , Jayaraman Vinoth Kumar

Ensuring safe and reliable thermal regulation in lithium-ion battery packs remains a major challenge in the development of electric vehicles. Increasing energy density, fast charging requirements, and compact pack configurations intensify thermal stress during operation. Under these conditions, the probability of thermal runaway, accelerated aging, and fire related hazards increases, directly affecting operational safety and large-scale deployment. Most existing studies examine cooling approaches, safety mechanisms, or battery management strategies independently. As a result, comprehensive system level assessments that jointly address thermal control, fire risk mitigation, and intelligent monitoring remain limited. This review addresses this gap by examining recent and emerging battery thermal management strategies, with particular emphasis on dielectric immersion cooling using conventional and nanofluid based media. Experimental investigations and simulation studies reported in the literature show that immersion cooling can improve heat dissipation efficiency by approximately thirty five percent under controlled laboratory and pack level conditions. Corresponding reductions in peak cell temperature of up to forty percent are observed when compared with air cooled and indirect liquid cooled systems. The role of artificial intelligence battery management systems is also discussed as a supportive framework for diagnostics, anomaly detection, and adaptive thermal supervision, along with current challenges related to practical implementation. Recent advances in fire suppression techniques, computational thermal modeling, and Multiphysics simulation methods are further reviewed to evaluate their effectiveness in limiting cascading thermal failures in high density battery packs. Overall, this review provides a structured perspective on the development of thermally robust and safety factor battery systems suitable for next generation electric vehicle applications.

确保锂离子电池组安全可靠的热调节仍然是电动汽车发展的主要挑战。不断增加的能量密度、快速充电要求和紧凑的包装配置加剧了运行过程中的热应力。在这种情况下，热失控、加速老化和火灾相关危险的可能性增加，直接影响运行安全和大规模部署。大多数现有的研究都是独立研究冷却方法、安全机制或电池管理策略。因此，综合系统级评估，共同解决热控制，火灾风险缓解和智能监控仍然有限。这篇综述通过研究最近和新兴的电池热管理策略来解决这一差距，特别强调使用传统和纳米流体为基础的介质的介电浸泡冷却。文献中报道的实验调查和模拟研究表明，在受控的实验室和包装水平条件下，浸入式冷却可以将散热效率提高约35%。与空气冷却和间接液体冷却系统相比，观察到电池峰值温度的相应降低高达40%。本文还讨论了人工智能电池管理系统作为诊断、异常检测和自适应热监测的支持框架的作用，以及与实际实施相关的当前挑战。本文进一步回顾了灭火技术、计算热建模和多物理场模拟方法的最新进展，以评估它们在限制高密度电池组级联热失效方面的有效性。总的来说，这篇综述为适合下一代电动汽车应用的热稳健和安全系数电池系统的发展提供了一个结构化的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Passive production of hydrogen from aqueous methanol solution using a combined packed bed of porous particles 利用多孔颗粒复合填充床从甲醇水溶液中被动生产氢

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104573

Kunito Okuyama, Kumpei Tomioka

The passive production of hydrogen by steam reforming of methanol was investigated, where the entire process from supply of source liquid to reaction was achieved stably and efficiently only by heating of a packed bed. When a combined packed bed with the bottom immersed in aqueous methanol solution was heated, a liquid-phase region, a two-phase region, and a dry region were formed along the tube axis. An upward flow of liquid and/or vapor was induced over the entire length. Gas containing primarily hydrogen produced by the steam reforming reaction of methanol flowed out of the top of the packed bed. The flow rate increased in proportion to the heating rate, which corresponded to a decrease in the liquid saturation of the two-phase region and a subsequent enhancement of the capillary force. The time response of the flow rate corresponded to the process of decrease in the liquid saturation due to evaporation. The composition of the vapor flowing into the dry region was consistent with that of the feed solution. The methanol conversion increased with increasing heating rate to achieve a maximum of approximately 96%. A gas production rate comparable to that achieved with only a feed of liquid methanol was obtained for the same heating rate. An increase in the steam-carbon ratio caused an increase in conversion of the water–gas shift reaction towards increased equilibrium conversion. The hydrogen production rate showed a significant dependence on the parameters that affected the flow rate and conversion for these reactions.

对甲醇蒸汽重整被动制氢进行了研究，从源液供给到反应的整个过程仅通过填充床加热即可稳定高效地完成。将底部浸没在甲醇水溶液中的复合填充床加热后，沿管轴线形成液相区、两相区和干区。液体和/或蒸汽在整个长度上被诱导向上流动。由甲醇的蒸汽重整反应产生的主要含氢的气体从填料床的顶部流出。流速与升温速率成正比增加，这对应于两相区液体饱和度的降低和随后的毛细力的增强。流速的时间响应与液体饱和度因蒸发而降低的过程相对应。流入干区蒸汽的组成与进料溶液的组成一致。甲醇转化率随升温速率的增加而增加，最高可达96%左右。在相同的加热速率下，获得了与仅以液体甲醇为原料的产气速率相当的产气速率。随着汽碳比的增加，水气转换反应的转化率增加，趋于平衡转化。产氢速率与影响这些反应的流速和转化率的参数有很大的关系。

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引用次数: 0