Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献_第5页

Enhancing the thermal hydraulic performance on the air side of finned tube heat exchangers through superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic striped patterns 利用超亲疏水条纹图案提高翅片管换热器空气侧的热工性能

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104503

Wanling Hu , Wentao Ye , Yong Guan , Xiuxiu Zhang , Changcong Jiang , Zhiwei Li

Condensate on fins deteriorates the air-side performance of finned tube heat exchangers (FTHEs) under wet conditions. To enhance the thermal hydraulic performance of FTHEs, a new finned tube heat exchanger with a superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic stripe pattern (FTHE-SSSP) is proposed by combining the advantages of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic stripe surfaces in condensation heat transfer. Twelve superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic stripe pattern surfaces were designed by varying the stripe angle α and stripe width W, and heat and mass transfer models of the FTHE-SSSPs were established. The effects of different stripe patterns on the air-side performance of the FTHE-SSSPs were investigated numerically, and stripe-patterned surfaces with optimal performance were determined. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed FTHE-SSSPs in enhancing heat transfer was compared and analysed with that of a hydrophilic FTHE. The results show that the heat transfer factor j_h and mass transfer factor j_m of the FTHE-SSSP are more sensitive to the variation parameters of the stripe pattern when the stripe angle α is 60° or the stripe width W is 1 mm. The optimal combination pattern of α and W, in which the stripe angle α is 60° and the stripe width W is 1 mm, has the optimal thermal performance, and compared with the hydrophilic FTHE, its j_h-factor, j_m-factor and thermal–hydraulic performance j_h/f ^1/3 are improved by an average of 20.83 %, 21.77 % and 22.17 %, respectively. The friction factor f is reduced by an average of 1.11 %, and the dehumidification capacity per fin area is improved by an average of 12.18 % at different inlet air velocity, indicating that it has better air-side performance.

在潮湿条件下，翅片上的冷凝水会使翅片管换热器的空气侧性能恶化。为了提高FTHEs的热水力性能，结合超亲水和超疏水条纹表面在冷凝传热中的优势，提出了一种新型的超亲水-超疏水条纹结构的翅片管换热器（FTHE-SSSP）。通过改变条纹角α和条纹宽度W，设计了12个超亲疏水条纹图案表面，建立了FTHE-SSSPs的传热传质模型。通过数值模拟研究了不同的条纹图案对FTHE-SSSPs空侧性能的影响，确定了具有最佳性能的条纹图案表面。此外，本文还比较分析了FTHE- sssps与亲水性FTHE的强化传热效果。结果表明：当条纹角α为60°或条纹宽度W为1 mm时，FTHE-SSSP的传热系数jh和传质系数jm对条纹模式的变化参数更为敏感；α与W的最优组合模式（条纹角α为60°，条纹宽度W为1 mm）具有最佳的热性能，与亲水性FTHE相比，其jh因子、jm因子和热水性能jh/f 1/3平均分别提高了20.83%、21.77%和22.17%。在不同进口风速下，摩擦系数f平均降低1.11%，单位翅片面积除湿能力平均提高12.18%，表明其具有较好的空侧性能。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking thermal flexibility through demand-side response: baseline methodology assessment and heating electrification in the Baltic region 通过需求侧响应释放热灵活性：波罗的海地区的基线方法评估和供暖电气化

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104498

Deividas Šikšnys , Jonas Vaičys , Saulius Gudžius , Roma Račkienė , Matas Grigošaitis

Demand-side response (DSR) flexibility is gaining increasing attention across power systems undergoing the energy transition, where renewable generation now dominates supply patterns. However, its reliable integration remains constrained by baseline methods that fail to accurately capture the operational characteristics of distributed demand resources, particularly thermally driven loads. This research provides a practical, decision-oriented framework for baseline selection, combining a two-stage process of technical feasibility assessment and multi-criteria performance evaluation. Eight baseline-method families are systematically evaluated, with empirical validation using 39 Latvian consumption sites and a Lithuanian hybrid heat-pump and photovoltaic system demonstration. Results show that static historical baselines are insufficient to capture thermal inertia, cyclic heat-pump operation, and cyclic compressor behaviour, while adaptive, weather- and PV-sensitive methods substantially improve accuracy (MAE reduction from 6.65 to 3.62 kWh), ensuring robust and transparent flexibility quantification. Market welfare simulations using 85 days of Baltic 2024 summer day-ahead market data indicate that even modest volumes of price-responsive DSR (5–50 MW) can reduce scarcity-hour market-clearing prices by up to 33 €/MWh and increase substantial social welfare gains (0.59–4.3 million euros) highlighting the tangible economic benefits of improved baseline accuracy. Overall, the study establishes that accurate, integrity-preserving baselines coupled with digital metering infrastructure unlock significant short-term and intraday flexibility, bridging technical precision with system-level market and welfare outcomes.

在能源转型的电力系统中，需求侧响应（DSR）的灵活性越来越受到关注，可再生能源发电现在主导着供应模式。然而，其可靠的集成仍然受到基线方法的限制，这些方法无法准确捕获分布式需求资源的运行特征，特别是热驱动负载。本研究结合两阶段的技术可行性评估和多标准绩效评估，提供了一个实用的、以决策为导向的基线选择框架。系统地评估了八个基线方法家族，并使用39个拉脱维亚消费站点和立陶宛混合热泵和光伏系统演示进行了实证验证。结果表明，静态历史基线不足以捕获热惯性、循环热泵运行和循环压缩机行为，而自适应、天气和pv敏感方法大大提高了准确性（MAE从6.65降低到3.62 kWh），确保了稳健和透明的灵活性量化。利用85天的波罗的海2024年夏季日间市场数据进行的市场福利模拟表明，即使是少量的价格响应DSR（5-50兆瓦）也可以将稀缺时的市场出清价格降低高达33欧元/兆瓦时，并增加可观的社会福利收益（59 - 430万欧元），突出了提高基线准确性带来的切实经济效益。总体而言，该研究确立了准确、保持完整性的基线与数字计量基础设施相结合，释放了显著的短期和日内灵活性，将技术精度与系统级市场和福利结果联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Accurate numerical simulation of soil heat transfer process using self-correcting dynamic grid method 基于自校正动态网格法的土壤换热过程精确数值模拟

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104499

Shuwang Rui , Yating Wang , Zhangbo Qiao , Liping Wang , Shaofeng Xu , Yixuan Wang , Zhao Zhang , Yan Shi

Soil Vapor Extraction is an in-situ thermal remediation technology that heats contaminated soil through buried pipes. Accurate temperature simulation helps predict the remediation status of a site in advance, enabling cost estimation and remediation strategy design. However, fixed-grid methods struggle to maintain high spatial resolution, and existing dynamic mesh-related studies are mostly limited to refinement due to numerical stability issues, leading to a sharp increase in simulation costs as the process continues. To address these problems, this study proposes a self-correcting dynamic grid technique, which employs Lagrange interpolation to automatically adjust the mesh after splitting and before merging, thereby maintaining high spatial resolution while ensuring numerical stability. A comparative model was established using COMSOL, and validation was conducted with measured data from an actual remediation site. The results show that, compared to the COMSOL simulation, the proposed model reduces mesh data storage by 90 % while achieving high accuracy, with an error below 20 % between the simulated and measured cold-point temperature increments (85 % lower than COMSOL under 62 °C). The relevant research findings can provide guidance for the design, evaluation, and operation stages of soil remediation engineering.

土壤蒸汽萃取是一种通过埋管加热污染土壤的原位热修复技术。准确的温度模拟有助于提前预测场地的修复状态，实现成本估算和修复策略设计。然而，固定网格方法难以保持高空间分辨率，并且由于数值稳定性问题，现有的动态网格相关研究大多局限于细化，导致随着过程的继续，模拟成本急剧增加。针对这些问题，本研究提出了一种自校正动态网格技术，该技术采用拉格朗日插值在分割后和合并前自动调整网格，从而在保证数值稳定性的同时保持较高的空间分辨率。使用COMSOL建立了比较模型，并使用实际修复场地的测量数据进行验证。结果表明，与COMSOL模拟相比，所提出的模型在实现高精度的同时减少了90%的网格数据存储，模拟和测量的冷点温度增量之间的误差低于20%（比COMSOL在62°C下低85%）。相关研究成果可为土壤修复工程的设计、评价和运行阶段提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Combined influence of lateral thermal coupling and inlet restrictors on flow boiling maldistribution in many parallel microchannels 横向热耦合和进口节流器对平行微通道内流动沸腾不均匀分布的联合影响

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104496

Md Emadur Rahman, Justin A. Weibel

Flow boiling in parallel microchannel heat sinks is attractive for heat dissipation from telecommunications devices, data center server chips, and electrified vehicle power converters and motors. However, there are practical implementation challenges associated with two-phase flow maldistribution through parallel microchannels, which can degrade thermal performance and reliability. Therefore, predicting and understanding the flow distribution mechanics in parallel microchannels based on analysis of the system stability is essential. It has been shown that lateral channel-to-channel thermal coupling has the potential to reduce maldistribution for systems having only two parallel channels. Yet, the effect of thermal coupling on system stability and maldistribution in larger sets of many parallel channels, as would be common in microchannel heat sinks and other components, is unexplored. In the current work, a lumped fluid flow model, which also incorporates the wall thermal capacity effects on the system dynamics, is developed to assess flow distribution with lateral thermal coupling between neighboring parallel microchannels. Linear stability analysis establishes that the effectiveness of lateral thermal coupling in reducing maldistribution weakens with an increasing number of parallel microchannels. And for many parallel microchannels, it is confirmed that lateral thermal coupling alone cannot stabilize the system, and the entire two-phase flow operating region becomes inherently maldistribution-prone, with similar stability to thermally isolated parallel channels. However, with the addition of inlet restrictors to the channels, the impact of lateral thermal coupling becomes significant, regardless of the number of channels. Inlet restrictors are more effective in suppressing maldistribution when there is a higher lateral thermal conductance between neighboring channels. This unintuitive combined influence of lateral thermal coupling and the inlet restrictors in reducing maldistribution is attributed to nonlinear behavior that is explained based on the eigenvalues of the parallel microchannel system.

并行微通道散热器中的流动沸腾对于电信设备，数据中心服务器芯片和电动汽车电源转换器和电机的散热具有吸引力。然而，通过并行微通道的两相流不均匀分布会降低热性能和可靠性，这在实际应用中存在挑战。因此，在分析系统稳定性的基础上，预测和理解并联微通道内的流动分布机制至关重要。研究表明，对于只有两个平行通道的系统，横向通道到通道的热耦合具有减少不均匀分布的潜力。然而，热耦合对系统稳定性和在许多平行通道的较大集合中的不均匀分布的影响，如在微通道散热器和其他组件中常见的，尚未被探索。在本工作中，建立了一个集总流体流动模型，该模型还考虑了壁面热容量对系统动力学的影响，以评估相邻平行微通道之间横向热耦合的流动分布。线性稳定性分析表明，横向热耦合减少不均匀分布的效果随着平行微通道数量的增加而减弱。对于许多并联微通道，证实了单独的横向热耦合不能稳定系统，整个两相流操作区域具有固有的不均匀分布，其稳定性与热隔离并联通道相似。然而，在通道中加入进口节流器后，无论通道的数量如何，侧向热耦合的影响都变得显著。当相邻通道之间存在较高的横向热导时，进口节流器在抑制不均匀分布方面更有效。横向热耦合和进口节流器对减少不均匀分布的非直观影响归因于非线性行为，这是基于并联微通道系统的特征值来解释的。

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引用次数: 0

Thermally and electrically-driven standalone trigeneration solar system coupled with energy storage for green hydrogen, freshwater, and cooling production 热能和电力驱动的独立三联产太阳能系统，加上绿色氢、淡水和冷却生产的能量储存

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104493

Mohamed G. Basiony , Muhammad Aziz , Sameh Nada , Hamdy Hassan

This study presents a techno-economic comparison of two solar-driven multigeneration systems, one thermally driven and the other electrically driven, for the co-production of hydrogen, potable water, and cooling under identical climatic conditions and equal annual production targets. An hourly dynamic mathematical model is constructed and solved in MATLAB/Simulink for the entire year, incorporating thermal storage for the thermally driven system and battery storage for the electrically driven system. The results indicate a trade-off between maximum outputs and overall utilization. The thermally driven system attains higher peak hourly outputs, whereas the electrically driven system operates for longer hours with superior energy and exergy efficiencies of 17.08 % and 11.65 %, respectively. From an economic perspective, the electrically driven system demonstrates lower levelized costs for both hydrogen production and cooling, as well as a shorter payback period of 3.43 years compared to 7.89 years for the thermally driven system. Both systems achieve annual CO₂ savings of 49.76 tons. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicates that the electrically driven system’s levelized output costs are more influenced by reductions in the investment costs of energy harvesting and storage than the thermally driven system.

本研究提出了两种太阳能驱动的多发电系统的技术经济比较，一种是热驱动的，另一种是电驱动的，在相同的气候条件和相同的年产量目标下，共同生产氢气、饮用水和冷却。在MATLAB/Simulink中构建并求解了全年的逐时动态数学模型，其中热驱动系统采用蓄热法，电驱动系统采用蓄电池蓄热法。结果表明了最大产出和总体利用率之间的权衡。热驱动系统获得更高的峰值小时输出，而电驱动系统运行时间更长，能量和火用效率分别为17.08 %和11.65 %。从经济角度来看，电力驱动系统的制氢和冷却成本都较低，投资回收期为3.43 年，而热驱动系统的投资回收期为7.89 年。这两个系统每年可节省49.76 吨二氧化碳。此外，灵敏度分析表明，电驱动系统的平准化输出成本比热驱动系统更受能量收集和储存投资成本降低的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Rotationally staggered elliptical-fin architecture for thermal enhancement of horizontal latent thermal energy storage systems 用于水平潜热储能系统热增强的旋转交错椭圆翅片结构

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104488

Aminhossein Jahanbin, Umberto Berardi

Tackling the heat transfer bottleneck in PCM-based storage systems is crucial for improving charging efficiency and overall thermal performance in latent thermal storage applications. In this context, the study presents a novel thermal enhancement strategy for horizontal double-tube latent thermal energy storage (HDLTES) systems applicable to solar thermal and HVAC buffer-load shifting. An innovative rotationally staggered elliptical fin configuration is introduced to synergistically integrate the effects of fin aspect ratio (AR) variation, systematic rotational offsets, and nano-PCM concentration. A finite element model is developed and validated against experimental data to investigate the coupled thermal–geometric interactions within the proposed configuration. An ensemble tree-based machine learning (ML) model using XGBoost regressor is developed using 490 simulated datasets to establish a global correlation describing the time evolution of the liquid fraction as a function of the rotational angle. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization framework is formulated using response surface methodology with a central composite design (RSM-CCD) to identify the optimal HDLTES architecture in terms of rotational offset angle (θ), elliptical aspect ratio (AR), and nano-PCM concentration. The findings highlight that the proposed architecture enhances angular heat transfer, minimizes thermal shadowing, and ensures uniform radial–azimuthal melting, with θ ≈ 70°–80° yielding optimal coverage and the fastest, most uniform melting performance, whereas θ > 90° induces low-flux regions and delayed melting. It is shown that the synergistic integration of elliptical fins with the rotational configuration can reduce melting time by over 62 % compared to the circular fin case, and by 80.1 % relative to the finless scenario. Furthermore, the optimization identified optimal rotational angles of 76.9°–79.0° and aspect ratios of 1.93–1.98, depending on nanoparticle concentration, achieving an enhanced melting time of 84.6 % and a corresponding temperature increase of 7.1 % relative to the bare tube.

解决基于pcm存储系统的传热瓶颈对于提高潜热存储应用中的充电效率和整体热性能至关重要。在此背景下，本研究提出了一种适用于太阳能热和暖通空调缓冲负荷转移的水平双管潜热储能（HDLTES）系统的新型热增强策略。引入了一种创新的旋转交错椭圆鳍配置，以协同整合鳍展弦比（AR）变化，系统旋转偏移和纳米pcm浓度的影响。建立了一个有限元模型，并对实验数据进行了验证，以研究所提出的结构中耦合的热-几何相互作用。利用490个模拟数据集开发了基于集成树的机器学习（ML）模型，利用XGBoost回归器建立了描述液体分数随旋转角度的时间演变的全局相关性。随后，利用响应面法和中心复合设计（RSM-CCD）建立了一个多目标优化框架，从旋转偏置角（θ）、椭圆宽高比（AR）和纳米pcm浓度等方面确定了最优HDLTES结构。研究结果表明，所提出的结构增强了角传热，最小化了热阴影，并确保了均匀的径向-方位角熔化，θ≈70°-80°产生最佳的覆盖范围和最快、最均匀的熔化性能，而θ >； 90°导致低通量区域和延迟熔化。结果表明，与圆鳍相比，椭圆鳍与旋转构型的协同集成可以减少62%以上的熔化时间，与无鳍相比，可以减少80.1%的熔化时间。此外，根据纳米颗粒浓度的不同，优化后的最佳旋转角为76.9°~ 79.0°，宽高比为1.93 ~ 1.98，与裸管相比，熔化时间延长了84.6%，温度提高了7.1%。

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引用次数: 0

Intelligent computational modeling of Maxwell–Smoluchowski thermal slip effects under non-uniform heat sources using radial basis networks 基于径向基网络的非均匀热源下Maxwell-Smoluchowski热滑移效应的智能计算建模

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104486

Sana Ullah Saqib , Abhishikta Das , Muhammad Wajahat Anjum , Yin-Tzer Shih , Ali Akgül , Fahad Sameer Alshammari

The current article investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to evaluate the Buongiorno thermal enhancement model with a Darcy–Forchheimer formulation (BTEM-IDFE). AI-driven radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are employed to accurately forecast magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow over a stretching boundary, accounting for entropy production and fluctuating fluid properties. RBFNNs are used to simulate and predict complex heat-transfer dynamics in such environments, yielding more accurate and efficient analyses than conventional numerical methods. We investigate the effects of the Maxwell slip velocity, the Smoluchowski slip temperature, and the Arrhenius activation energy. A synthetic dataset was generated via the Lobatto III-A computational integration approach. The proposed RBFNN algorithm is then applied to the obtained datasets, yielding outputs with negligible error that closely align with the numerical experiments across all model variants. A comprehensive graphical examination of liquid motion, entropy generation, concentration, and temperature distribution is conducted. Our findings indicate that applying the RBFNN to the proposed framework effectively captures the interactions and interdependencies among key parameters, including radiation parameters, temperature-dependent conductivity, porosity, velocity slip parameters, and thermophoresis effects, in relation to temperature and entropy rates. The efficacy of RBFNN is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments, including iterative convergence curves for mean squared error, optimization control measures, error distributions via histograms, and robust regression analysis.

本文研究了人工智能（AI）在利用Darcy-Forchheimer公式（BTEM-IDFE）评估Buongiorno热增强模型中的应用。利用人工智能驱动的径向基函数神经网络（RBFNNs）来准确预测磁流体动力学（MHD）纳米流体在拉伸边界上的流动，考虑了熵产和流体性质的波动。RBFNNs用于模拟和预测这种环境下复杂的传热动力学，产生比传统数值方法更准确和有效的分析。研究了麦克斯韦滑移速度、斯摩鲁霍夫斯基滑移温度和阿伦尼乌斯活化能的影响。通过Lobatto III-A计算集成方法生成合成数据集。然后将所提出的RBFNN算法应用于所获得的数据集，产生的输出误差可忽略不计，与所有模型变量的数值实验密切相关。一个全面的图形检查液体运动，熵的产生，浓度和温度分布进行。我们的研究结果表明，将RBFNN应用于所提出的框架可以有效地捕获关键参数之间的相互作用和相互依赖关系，包括辐射参数、温度相关的电导率、孔隙度、速度滑移参数以及与温度和熵率相关的热电泳效应。通过均方误差的迭代收敛曲线、优化控制措施、直方图误差分布和鲁棒回归分析等综合实验证明了RBFNN的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic generation of flexible heat exchanger networks with minimum utility consumption 柔性热交换器网络的系统发电与最小的效用消耗

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104490

Ákos Orosz , Jean Pimentel , Bing Shen How , Petar Sabev Varbanov , Ferenc Friedler

Heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis is a topic of high importance, encompassing several solution approaches and problem aspects. One such aspect crucial to industrial applications is flexibility, since real systems often experience variations of certain parameters, e.g., inlet temperatures or flowrates. Decades of research have revealed numerous methods for analyzing the flexibility of a given heat exchanger network. Meanwhile, the synthesis of flexible HENs continued to prove to be a severely difficult task, especially since handling the parameter deviations should not compromise the high level of heat integration. This work introduces a novel direction for synthesizing flexible HENs by combining flexibility analysis methods with P-graph-based, exhaustive, combinatorial network generation. The method generates all feasible networks that satisfy both the structural criteria and the maximum energy recovery over the entire variation region, and presents them ordered by capital cost. This first iteration of the work focuses on variations in inlet stream temperatures. This allows proving the validity of the underlying concepts by generating HENs that achieve minimum utility consumption for the entire range of temperature variations. The capability to generate multiple suitable networks is demonstrated through a case study, where 429 feasible networks were generated, which are all capable of achieving maximum heat integration within the parameter variation region. For the best generated design options, a 4–6% increase in capital cost compared to the base case is sufficient to satisfy the flexibility requirements.

换热器网络综合是一个非常重要的课题，涉及多个解决方法和问题方面。其中一个对工业应用至关重要的方面是灵活性，因为实际系统经常经历某些参数的变化，例如进口温度或流量。几十年的研究已经揭示了许多方法来分析给定的热交换器网络的灵活性。同时，柔性hen的合成仍然被证明是一项非常困难的任务，特别是因为处理参数偏差不应损害高水平的热集成。本文将柔性分析方法与基于p图的穷举组合网络生成相结合，为柔性hen的合成提供了新的方向。该方法生成了在整个变化区域内满足结构准则和最大能量回收的所有可行网络，并按资本成本排序。这项工作的第一次迭代侧重于入口流温度的变化。这可以通过生成在整个温度变化范围内实现最小效用消耗的hen来证明基本概念的有效性。通过一个案例研究证明了生成多个合适网络的能力，其中生成了429个可行网络，这些网络都能够在参数变化区域内实现最大的热集成。对于生成的最佳设计选项，与基本情况相比，资本成本增加4-6%就足以满足灵活性要求。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study and validation of heat transfer correlations for plate-fin heat exchangers using cyclopentane as working fluid 以环戊烷为工质的板翅式换热器传热相关性的实验研究与验证

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104489

Pengcheng Liu , Qiyao Zuo , Weijia Meng , Gequn Shu , Hua Tian , Ligeng Li , Yu Chen , Xuan Wang

As a key component of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, the heat exchanger is responsible for the conversion of thermal energy and directly affects the dynamic behavior of the system. Appropriate heat transfer correlations are essential for both heat exchanger design and dynamic behavior analysis. Owing to its high vapor pressure and temperature, cyclopentane is a promising working fluid for ORC systems. However, studies on heat transfer correlations for cyclopentane-based heat exchangers remain limited. This study conducted experiments on an ORC system. Based on steady-state experimental data, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied to calibrate and validate heat transfer correlations for cyclopentane plate-fin heat exchangers, and applicable correlations was proposed. Further validation was performed using dynamic modeling combined with dynamic experimental data. The results indicate that the proposed correlations achieve high prediction accuracy, with mean relative deviations of cyclopentane outlet temperature below 7% and pressure deviations below 1.5% for both the plate-fin evaporator and recuperator. This work provides valuable guidance for the design and dynamic analysis of cyclopentane-based plate-fin heat exchangers.

换热器作为有机朗肯循环（ORC）系统的关键部件，负责热能的转换，直接影响系统的动态行为。适当的传热相关性对于换热器设计和动态性能分析都是至关重要的。由于其蒸气压和温度高，环戊烷是一种很有前途的ORC系统工作流体。然而，关于环戊烷基换热器传热相关性的研究仍然有限。本研究在ORC系统上进行了实验。基于稳态实验数据，采用粒子群优化（PSO）算法对环戊烷板翅式换热器的传热关系式进行了标定和验证，并提出了适用的关系式。采用动态建模结合动态实验数据进一步验证。结果表明，所建立的关联预测精度较高，板式翅片蒸发器和回热器环戊烷出口温度的平均相对偏差均在7%以下，压力偏差均在1.5%以下。该工作对环戊烷基板翅式换热器的设计和动力学分析具有重要的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on thermal characteristics of a state of art hairpin winding permanent magnet motor for automotive applications 一种新型汽车用发夹绕组永磁电机热特性的实验研究

IF 5.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104485

Kuldeep Singh , Mukhammed Murataliyev , Paul Reid , Chris Gerada , Alan Agurto Goya

This study investigates the thermal characteristics of the end-windings of a state-of-the-art hairpin winding permanent magnet motor designed for automotive applications. Hairpin windings offer advantages in terms of higher fill factors and automated manufacturing processes, making them ideal for high-performance motors. Water jacket cooling is used in the present study as it is one of the cost-efficient, reliable and commonly used techniques for mass-production. The experiments are conducted over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re_DH = 425–3610) covering a typical range of flow rates used in automotive industries. The influence of coolant fluid properties on the thermal characteristics of end-windings is investigated by varying Prandtl number (Pr = 12.5 to 91). The results demonstrate that cooling characteristics are strongly influenced by gravitational forces. A distinct pattern of heat transfer is noticed for co-current (where gravity and flow direction are same) and counter-current direction (where gravity opposes the flow direction). This leads to variation in the heat transfer in the circumferential direction. A due consideration of the gravitational forces while designing the water jacket can minimize these thermal gradients. Heat transfer increases with the increment in the flow Reynolds number but rate of increment is higher towards the lower Reynolds number. Fluid properties have a significant influence on the heat transfer characteristics. A higher thermal diffusivity fluid leads to better heat transfer despite the higher Prandtl number.

本研究研究了一种最先进的汽车用发夹绕组永磁电机的端绕组的热特性。发夹绕组在更高的填充系数和自动化制造过程方面具有优势，使其成为高性能电机的理想选择。由于水套冷却是一种经济、可靠、普遍用于批量生产的技术，因此本研究采用了水套冷却。实验在广泛的雷诺数范围内进行（ReDH = 425-3610），涵盖了汽车工业中使用的典型流量范围。通过改变普朗特数（Pr = 12.5 ~ 91），研究了冷却液性质对端绕组热特性的影响。结果表明，冷却特性受到重力的强烈影响。在共电流（重力和流动方向相同）和逆流方向（重力与流动方向相反）中，可以注意到不同的传热模式。这就导致了周向传热的变化。在设计水套时适当考虑重力可以使这些热梯度最小化。换热随流动雷诺数的增大而增大，但随着雷诺数的减小，换热速率增大。流体性质对传热特性有重要影响。尽管普朗特数较高，但热扩散系数较高的流体传热效果较好。

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