Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598599
K. De Vos, P. De Backere, R. Baets, P. Bienstman
To come up to the demand for extremely sensitive biosensors for parallel real-time bioanalyses, we present two configurations of label-free biosensors on silicon-on-insulator optical chips. We discuss results on microring resonators and the design and fabrication of an integrated surface plasmon resonance interferometer. The high refractive index contrast material offers submicron-size features with high quality for dense integration, high sensitivity and detection with very low analyte volumes. Fabrication with deep UV lithography allows for mass production of cheap disposable biochips.
{"title":"Label-free biosensors on silicon-on-insulator optical chips based on microring cavities and surface plasmon interferometry","authors":"K. De Vos, P. De Backere, R. Baets, P. Bienstman","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598599","url":null,"abstract":"To come up to the demand for extremely sensitive biosensors for parallel real-time bioanalyses, we present two configurations of label-free biosensors on silicon-on-insulator optical chips. We discuss results on microring resonators and the design and fabrication of an integrated surface plasmon resonance interferometer. The high refractive index contrast material offers submicron-size features with high quality for dense integration, high sensitivity and detection with very low analyte volumes. Fabrication with deep UV lithography allows for mass production of cheap disposable biochips.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117052729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598634
P. Vorreau, F. Parmigiani, K. Mukasa, M. Ibsen, P. Petropoulos, D. Richardson, A. Ellis, W. Freude, J. Leuthold
We report the first demonstration of OTDM-to-WDM conversion from 130 Gbit/s simultaneously to 3 times 43 Gbit/s WDM channels in a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). The scheme is exploiting the ultra-fast Kerr based XPM in a NOLM and gives full flexibility for selecting the output WDM channel wavelengths. For the success of the experiment we rely crucially on a new specially designed highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) exhibiting low dispersion and low dispersion slope such that low walk-off operation across the C-band is possible. Error free performance is achieved with penalties ranging from 0.5 dB to 3.5 dB for all three WDM channels.
{"title":"TDM-to-WDM conversion from 130 Gbit/s to 3 × 43 Gbit/s using XPM in a NOLM switch","authors":"P. Vorreau, F. Parmigiani, K. Mukasa, M. Ibsen, P. Petropoulos, D. Richardson, A. Ellis, W. Freude, J. Leuthold","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598634","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first demonstration of OTDM-to-WDM conversion from 130 Gbit/s simultaneously to 3 times 43 Gbit/s WDM channels in a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). The scheme is exploiting the ultra-fast Kerr based XPM in a NOLM and gives full flexibility for selecting the output WDM channel wavelengths. For the success of the experiment we rely crucially on a new specially designed highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) exhibiting low dispersion and low dispersion slope such that low walk-off operation across the C-band is possible. Error free performance is achieved with penalties ranging from 0.5 dB to 3.5 dB for all three WDM channels.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117168942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598691
J. Leuthold, W. Freude, S. Sygletos, P. Vorreau, R. Bonk, D. Hillerkuss, Ioannis Tomkos, A. Tzanakaki, C. Kouloumentas, D. Richardson, P. Petropoulos, F. Parmigiani, A. Ellis, D. Cotter, S. Ibrahim, R. Weerasuriya
A novel switch concept is introduced that offers transparent optical grooming of 10 and 40 Gb/s traffic in an access network onto a metro core ring network operated at 130 Gb/s traffic. Key functionalities of the router are the traffic aggregation with time-slot interchanging (TSI) functionality, the TDM to WDM demultiplexing of the high-speed channel into lower bit-rate tributaries as well as multi-wavelength all-optical 2R regeneration of several highest-speed signals.
{"title":"An all-optical grooming switch to interconnect access and metro ring networks","authors":"J. Leuthold, W. Freude, S. Sygletos, P. Vorreau, R. Bonk, D. Hillerkuss, Ioannis Tomkos, A. Tzanakaki, C. Kouloumentas, D. Richardson, P. Petropoulos, F. Parmigiani, A. Ellis, D. Cotter, S. Ibrahim, R. Weerasuriya","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598691","url":null,"abstract":"A novel switch concept is introduced that offers transparent optical grooming of 10 and 40 Gb/s traffic in an access network onto a metro core ring network operated at 130 Gb/s traffic. Key functionalities of the router are the traffic aggregation with time-slot interchanging (TSI) functionality, the TDM to WDM demultiplexing of the high-speed channel into lower bit-rate tributaries as well as multi-wavelength all-optical 2R regeneration of several highest-speed signals.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123207251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598416
A. Andronov, Y. Nozdrin, A. V. Okomel’kov, A. Babenko, V. Varavin, D. Ikusov, R. N. Smirnov
The experimental observation of stimulated radiation of optically pumped CdxHg1-xTe structures in the wavelength range of 1.4 - 4.5 mum is reported. In the experiments, graded-gap CdxHg1-xTe samples grown on GaAs and Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were used. Superluminescence of such structures was observed at 77 - 300 K under the pulsed pumping of the samples by a Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 1.064 mum. At room temperature, stimulated radiation was observed at wavelength of 1.4 - 1.7 mum. The obtained experimental data are the first results on the observation of stimulated radiation from graded-gap CdxHg1-xTe structures on Si and GaAs substrates at these wavelengths at room temperature.
{"title":"Stimulated radiation of optically pumped CdxHg1−xTe structures at room temperature","authors":"A. Andronov, Y. Nozdrin, A. V. Okomel’kov, A. Babenko, V. Varavin, D. Ikusov, R. N. Smirnov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598416","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental observation of stimulated radiation of optically pumped CdxHg1-xTe structures in the wavelength range of 1.4 - 4.5 mum is reported. In the experiments, graded-gap CdxHg1-xTe samples grown on GaAs and Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were used. Superluminescence of such structures was observed at 77 - 300 K under the pulsed pumping of the samples by a Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 1.064 mum. At room temperature, stimulated radiation was observed at wavelength of 1.4 - 1.7 mum. The obtained experimental data are the first results on the observation of stimulated radiation from graded-gap CdxHg1-xTe structures on Si and GaAs substrates at these wavelengths at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123506051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598422
A. Nerukh, H. Semenova, N. Sakhnenko
Two ways for calculation of an initial value problem in a dielectric waveguide is presented. Each way describes one of two complementary approaches: progressive or Brillouin waves approach and oscillatory or eigenfrequency approach. Evolution of a transient electromagnetic field in the waveguide after instant change of its permittivity is considered and calculated. The results show pure coincidence of two ways of calculation but the Brillouin approach is more intuitive and visual and makes less demands to computation resources.
{"title":"Calculation of field evolution in dielectric waveguide by progressive and oscillatory approaches","authors":"A. Nerukh, H. Semenova, N. Sakhnenko","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598422","url":null,"abstract":"Two ways for calculation of an initial value problem in a dielectric waveguide is presented. Each way describes one of two complementary approaches: progressive or Brillouin waves approach and oscillatory or eigenfrequency approach. Evolution of a transient electromagnetic field in the waveguide after instant change of its permittivity is considered and calculated. The results show pure coincidence of two ways of calculation but the Brillouin approach is more intuitive and visual and makes less demands to computation resources.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124681259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598807
M. Nikodem, W. Żurawski, K. Abramski
In this paper we investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ DSF). Theoretical background and experimental results are presented. We study the impact of the channel separation on FWM efficiency. We present a method of simultaneous chromatic dispersion and fiber nonlinear coefficient measurement based on FWM efficiency dependence on channel spacing.
{"title":"Four-Wave Mixing in Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fibers","authors":"M. Nikodem, W. Żurawski, K. Abramski","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598807","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ DSF). Theoretical background and experimental results are presented. We study the impact of the channel separation on FWM efficiency. We present a method of simultaneous chromatic dispersion and fiber nonlinear coefficient measurement based on FWM efficiency dependence on channel spacing.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125061551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598426
S. Ono
Due to the ultrafast response time of the nonlinear effects in glass fibers, the fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) exploiting four-wave mixing (FWM) in glass fibers has been regarded as a potential device for the ultrafast optical signal processors such as an ultrafast optical signal demultiplexer, a phase conjugator, and a wide band wavelength converter. However, cause of the complexity of the fiber configuration and the pump scheme, FOPA has been less realistic optical amplifier compared to other commercial optical fiber amplifiers such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and a Raman amplifier (RA). Therefore, to achieve large and flattened parametric gain characteristics of FOPA, we propose a simple and practical design scheme for FOPA using single pump laser and quasi-cascaded highly non-linear fibers (HNLFs). With this design scheme, single pump laser diode and quasi-cascaded two silica-based HNLFs with different zero dispersion wavelengths were used. As results of this study, apparent improvement of the parametric gain characteristics was observed in the wavelength region near the pump wavelength and over 23 dB parametric gain was successfully achieved in the 50 nm bandwidth including the telecom C-band wavelength region. In addition, the results of 160 Gb/s - 10 Gb/s DEMUX experiments with designed single-pump FOPA are also shown.
{"title":"Broadened gain characteristics of single-pumped parametric amplifier using highly-nonlinear fibers for transparent optical demultiplexer","authors":"S. Ono","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598426","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the ultrafast response time of the nonlinear effects in glass fibers, the fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) exploiting four-wave mixing (FWM) in glass fibers has been regarded as a potential device for the ultrafast optical signal processors such as an ultrafast optical signal demultiplexer, a phase conjugator, and a wide band wavelength converter. However, cause of the complexity of the fiber configuration and the pump scheme, FOPA has been less realistic optical amplifier compared to other commercial optical fiber amplifiers such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and a Raman amplifier (RA). Therefore, to achieve large and flattened parametric gain characteristics of FOPA, we propose a simple and practical design scheme for FOPA using single pump laser and quasi-cascaded highly non-linear fibers (HNLFs). With this design scheme, single pump laser diode and quasi-cascaded two silica-based HNLFs with different zero dispersion wavelengths were used. As results of this study, apparent improvement of the parametric gain characteristics was observed in the wavelength region near the pump wavelength and over 23 dB parametric gain was successfully achieved in the 50 nm bandwidth including the telecom C-band wavelength region. In addition, the results of 160 Gb/s - 10 Gb/s DEMUX experiments with designed single-pump FOPA are also shown.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128716737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598368
V. Sacchieri, P. Teixeira, A. Teixeira, G. Cincotti
A novel optical layer solution to increase confidentiality in optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) transmission is proposed. We use two or more optical encoders/decoders to increase the degrees of freedom in the encoding process, increasing accordingly the decryption complexity. We demonstrate that we can achieve enhanced confidentiality, with respect to standard OCDMA system, evaluating the number of trials requested by an eavesdropper to break the code, and we present some numerical simulations of the encoding/decoding process.
{"title":"Secure OCDMA transmission using data pattern scrambling","authors":"V. Sacchieri, P. Teixeira, A. Teixeira, G. Cincotti","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598368","url":null,"abstract":"A novel optical layer solution to increase confidentiality in optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) transmission is proposed. We use two or more optical encoders/decoders to increase the degrees of freedom in the encoding process, increasing accordingly the decryption complexity. We demonstrate that we can achieve enhanced confidentiality, with respect to standard OCDMA system, evaluating the number of trials requested by an eavesdropper to break the code, and we present some numerical simulations of the encoding/decoding process.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128430487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598686
G. Franzl
End-to-end (e2e) quality of service (QoS) is the key target to be achieved in order to successfully support high quality real-time services. While ISDN, SDH and ATM provide service classes that natively support constant bit-rate transmission tunnels, i.e. provide circuit switching that offers constant bandwidth for the entire duration of a service, packet switched technologies natively do not provide that option. The economically irreversible migration to the Internet protocol (IP) as transport plane for all kinds of services necessitates sophisticated traffic engineering to fulfil the basic service demands of real-time services being low latency, fast round-trip times (RTT), negligible jitter and minimal loss-rate. Most of the current approaches to optimise IP routing for real-time services target firstly at admission control and secondly on node internal priority scheduling. In this study we focus on the second part and try to evaluate the problems that arise when such node internal mechanisms get cascaded along a path, i.e. study the problems that need to be solved in order to derive e2e QoS from node performance in dynamic network scenarios. From the results mechanisms for dynamic admission control and priority scheduling in relation to current network and node state could be derived.
{"title":"Interdependence of dynamic traffic flows","authors":"G. Franzl","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598686","url":null,"abstract":"End-to-end (e2e) quality of service (QoS) is the key target to be achieved in order to successfully support high quality real-time services. While ISDN, SDH and ATM provide service classes that natively support constant bit-rate transmission tunnels, i.e. provide circuit switching that offers constant bandwidth for the entire duration of a service, packet switched technologies natively do not provide that option. The economically irreversible migration to the Internet protocol (IP) as transport plane for all kinds of services necessitates sophisticated traffic engineering to fulfil the basic service demands of real-time services being low latency, fast round-trip times (RTT), negligible jitter and minimal loss-rate. Most of the current approaches to optimise IP routing for real-time services target firstly at admission control and secondly on node internal priority scheduling. In this study we focus on the second part and try to evaluate the problems that arise when such node internal mechanisms get cascaded along a path, i.e. study the problems that need to be solved in order to derive e2e QoS from node performance in dynamic network scenarios. From the results mechanisms for dynamic admission control and priority scheduling in relation to current network and node state could be derived.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129601153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598670
R. Nejabati, G. Zervas, D. Simeonidou
This paper presents a novel solution towards application aware photonic networking. The solution utilises optical burst switching and application aware router technologies. We demonstrate application-aware bandwidth reservation in an end-to-end multi-bit rate (10 Gbps and 40 Gbps), multi-granular OBS test-bed. This is achieved by hardware implementation and deployment of a hybrid switches based on MEMS and SOA-MZI technologies. We also demonstrate seamless, one-step establishment of application and data layer connections by modifying and extending the JIT OBS protocol.
{"title":"Novel implementations and test-bed demonstrations of application-aware OBS network architectures","authors":"R. Nejabati, G. Zervas, D. Simeonidou","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598670","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel solution towards application aware photonic networking. The solution utilises optical burst switching and application aware router technologies. We demonstrate application-aware bandwidth reservation in an end-to-end multi-bit rate (10 Gbps and 40 Gbps), multi-granular OBS test-bed. This is achieved by hardware implementation and deployment of a hybrid switches based on MEMS and SOA-MZI technologies. We also demonstrate seamless, one-step establishment of application and data layer connections by modifying and extending the JIT OBS protocol.","PeriodicalId":230802,"journal":{"name":"2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127195605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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