Toxicology Reports最新文献_第3页

Valerenic acid ameliorates amphetamine-related neurotoxicity by improving hypothalamus tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase enzymes

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101936

Khaled M.M. Koriem , Ammar H.A. Naiem

Background

Narcolepsy, obesity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are all treated with amphetamine (a central nervous system stimulant) while valerenic acid (VA) has a pharmacological effect in the central nervous system.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether VA is able to make amends for neurotoxicity by modifying hypothalamus expressions of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase in rats orally administered with methamphetamine (METH).

Methods

There were thirty-six male albino rats split up into six equal groups, Control, VA (5 mg/kg)-treated, and VA (10 mg/kg)-treated groups: For four weeks, normal rats received oral administration of 1 ml of distilled water, 5 mg/kg of VA, and 10 ml/kg of VA once daily. METH-treated, VA (5 mg/kg) prior to METH-treated, and VA (10 mg/kg) before METH-treated groups: normal rats were oral administrated with METH (2.5 mg/kg), 3 days/week for 3 weeks, where the last two groups were oral administrated daily during four weeks at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg VA, starting one week prior to METH administration.

Results

METH decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, NADPH oxidase, interleukin-10, sucrose preference test, distance traveled test, and center square entries test, ATPase activity and the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase but increased malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, oxidative index, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B levels, the center square duration test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. in the METH-treated animals' brain in contrast to the control group. After four weeks of oral administration of VA to METH-treated rats, all of these parameters returned to levels that were nearly control, indicating that a higher dose was more effective than a lower one.

Conclusion

VA ameliorated METH-related neurotoxicity by improving hypothamalus expressions of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase.

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引用次数: 0

Low molecular weight chitosan attenuates acrylamide-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101933

Swetha Senthil Kumar , Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen

Acrylamide (ACR), a toxic by-product of high-temperature food processing, poses significant health risks due to its oxidative, neurotoxic, and genotoxic properties. Regulatory measures focus on limiting ACR in commercial food products, yet daily cooking practices often result in unnoticed exposure, threatening vulnerable populations such as children. This study evaluates the protective role of low and medium molecular-weight (MW) chitosan against ACR-induced toxicity using Drosophila melanogaster. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide with antioxidant and prebiotic properties, was supplemented alongside ACR exposure in larvae and adult flies. Developmental metrics such as pupation rates, fecundity, and adult emergence were assessed, alongside oxidative stress markers and neurobehavioral outcomes. ACR exposure impaired development, increased oxidative stress, and reduced locomotor activity. Supplementation with low and medium MW chitosan alleviated these effects, with low MW chitosan demonstrating greater efficacy. These findings reveal the potential of low MW chitosan as a dietary intervention to counteract the toxic effects of contaminants like ACR. By reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and supporting developmental processes, chitosan offers a promising avenue for mitigating the overall toxicity of heat-processed toxins. These findings further highlight chitosan's molecular weight-dependent protective potential against ACR toxicity, offering insights into its application as a dietary mitigator of heat-processed toxins.

{"title":"Low molecular weight chitosan attenuates acrylamide-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Swetha Senthil Kumar , Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acrylamide (ACR), a toxic by-product of high-temperature food processing, poses significant health risks due to its oxidative, neurotoxic, and genotoxic properties. Regulatory measures focus on limiting ACR in commercial food products, yet daily cooking practices often result in unnoticed exposure, threatening vulnerable populations such as children. This study evaluates the protective role of low and medium molecular-weight (MW) chitosan against ACR-induced toxicity using <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide with antioxidant and prebiotic properties, was supplemented alongside ACR exposure in larvae and adult flies. Developmental metrics such as pupation rates, fecundity, and adult emergence were assessed, alongside oxidative stress markers and neurobehavioral outcomes. ACR exposure impaired development, increased oxidative stress, and reduced locomotor activity. Supplementation with low and medium MW chitosan alleviated these effects, with low MW chitosan demonstrating greater efficacy. These findings reveal the potential of low MW chitosan as a dietary intervention to counteract the toxic effects of contaminants like ACR. By reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and supporting developmental processes, chitosan offers a promising avenue for mitigating the overall toxicity of heat-processed toxins. These findings further highlight chitosan's molecular weight-dependent protective potential against ACR toxicity, offering insights into its application as a dietary mitigator of heat-processed toxins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fumonisin B1 neurotoxicity: Preclinical evidence, biochemical mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101931

Blessing A. Obafemi , Isaac A. Adedara , Cássia Pereira Delgado , Olabisi T. Obafemi , Michael Aschner , Joao B.T. Rocha

The neurotoxic effects of fungal toxins in both humans and animals have been well documented. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the Fusarium species, is the most toxic fumonisin variant whose neurotoxic effect is still being elucidated. This review highlights the biochemical aspects of FB1 neurotoxicity, such as its mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic strategies. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that alteration in sphingolipid metabolism is a major event in FB-induced neurotoxicity. Studies have also shown that neurotoxicity due to FB1 involves dysregulation of several biochemical events in the brain, such as induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and associated programmed cell death, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and alteration of neurotransmitter levels, decreased activity of Na⁺K⁺ ATPase, as well as disruption of blood-brain barrier. This review highlights the potential public health effects of FB1-induced neurotoxicity and the need to limit human and animal exposure to FB1in order to prevent its neurotoxic effect. Moreover, it is hoped that this review would stimulate studies aimed at filling the current research gaps such as delineating the effect of FB1 on the blood-brain barrier and appropriate therapies for neurotoxicity caused by FB1.

{"title":"Fumonisin B1 neurotoxicity: Preclinical evidence, biochemical mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","authors":"Blessing A. Obafemi , Isaac A. Adedara , Cássia Pereira Delgado , Olabisi T. Obafemi , Michael Aschner , Joao B.T. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neurotoxic effects of fungal toxins in both humans and animals have been well documented. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the <em>Fusarium</em> species, is the most toxic fumonisin variant whose neurotoxic effect is still being elucidated. This review highlights the biochemical aspects of FB1 neurotoxicity, such as its mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic strategies. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies have demonstrated that alteration in sphingolipid metabolism is a major event in FB-induced neurotoxicity. Studies have also shown that neurotoxicity due to FB1 involves dysregulation of several biochemical events in the brain, such as induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and associated programmed cell death, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and alteration of neurotransmitter levels, decreased activity of Na<sup>+</sup>K<sup>+</sup> ATPase, as well as disruption of blood-brain barrier. This review highlights the potential public health effects of FB1-induced neurotoxicity and the need to limit human and animal exposure to FB1in order to prevent its neurotoxic effect. Moreover, it is hoped that this review would stimulate studies aimed at filling the current research gaps such as delineating the effect of FB1 on the blood-brain barrier and appropriate therapies for neurotoxicity caused by FB1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly-sensitive quantification of carbamazepine and identification of its degradation and metabolism products in human liver by high performance liquid chromatography – High resolution mass spectrometry

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101923

Andrei Pirogov , Ekaterina Shirokova , Samvel Barsegyan , Nikita Gandlevskiy , Valeriya Akimova , Alessandro Barge , Aleksander Nosyrev

A method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of carbamazepine in human post mortem liver tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry has been developed. Validation has been carried out and the main analytical characteristics of the developed method have been determined. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1 ng/g, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is 5 ng/g. The range of working concentrations for the calibration curve is 5–2000 ng/g. When assessing analyte carryover, the analyte signal of the sample does not exceed 20 % of the signal at the LLOQ level. Degradation products of carbamazepine in model solutions were studied under the presence of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Twenty-two degradation products were identified. It was found that the most intensive degradation process of carbamazepine, resulting in various degradation products, is observed during its oxidation with an acidified solution of 3 % hydrogen peroxide at pH= 1–2. The stability of carbamazepine in liver tissues was studied during storage under ambient conditions over various periods. The maximum concentration decline is observed during the first week of storage (on average by 20 %), and then the concentration approximately halves over 8 weeks. Based on the analysis of forensic samples from human liver, 2 out of the 22 carbamazepine degradation products described in this study were detected.

{"title":"Highly-sensitive quantification of carbamazepine and identification of its degradation and metabolism products in human liver by high performance liquid chromatography – High resolution mass spectrometry","authors":"Andrei Pirogov , Ekaterina Shirokova , Samvel Barsegyan , Nikita Gandlevskiy , Valeriya Akimova , Alessandro Barge , Aleksander Nosyrev","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of carbamazepine in human <em>post mortem</em> liver tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry has been developed. Validation has been carried out and the main analytical characteristics of the developed method have been determined. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1 ng/g, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is 5 ng/g. The range of working concentrations for the calibration curve is 5–2000 ng/g. When assessing analyte carryover, the analyte signal of the sample does not exceed 20 % of the signal at the LLOQ level. Degradation products of carbamazepine in model solutions were studied under the presence of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Twenty-two degradation products were identified. It was found that the most intensive degradation process of carbamazepine, resulting in various degradation products, is observed during its oxidation with an acidified solution of 3 % hydrogen peroxide at pH= 1–2. The stability of carbamazepine in liver tissues was studied during storage under ambient conditions over various periods. The maximum concentration decline is observed during the first week of storage (on average by 20 %), and then the concentration approximately halves over 8 weeks. Based on the analysis of forensic samples from human liver, 2 out of the 22 carbamazepine degradation products described in this study were detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanotherapeutic smart approaches for combating Alzheimer’s disease and overcoming existing obstacles: A novel eco-friendly green approach

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101906

Ahmed M. Almehdi , Doha H. Aboubaker , Rania Hamdy , Ali El-Keblawy

The scientific community has united to raise awareness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a critical condition for future generations because recent predictions indicate that it will become common among the elderly within a few years. Nevertheless, the intricacies of the disease's progression demand exhaustive investigations to unravel its potential mechanisms. Only then can clinicians develop more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Cognitive impairment caused by amyloid aggregation, the development of hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles, and a malfunctioning cholinergic system are the hallmarks of AD. Even after the disease has started, brain tissue integrity may degenerate. The physiological characteristics of the highly selective blood-brain barrier and the electrostatic charge of the nanoporous extracellular matrix have long placed restrictions on the treatment of brain disorders. A prospective revolution in drug delivery for the treatment of AD is the use of nanomedicine. It depends on enhancing the way that medications are distributed pharmacokinetically throughout the central nervous system. Several types of nanoparticles (Nps) are available thanks to nanotechnology, and these Nps could target the brain and have a long half-life with few systemic side effects and motor problems. With the latest technological developments, scientists are working to develop unique approaches for the treatment of AD. To evaluate the prospective uses of medicinal plants, their components, and different nanomedicine techniques, it was determined that this literature study was necessary. To provide an overview of the various challenges and approaches related to using nanoparticles (NPs) to combat Alzheimer's disease (AD), this introductory review article was developed.

{"title":"Nanotherapeutic smart approaches for combating Alzheimer’s disease and overcoming existing obstacles: A novel eco-friendly green approach","authors":"Ahmed M. Almehdi , Doha H. Aboubaker , Rania Hamdy , Ali El-Keblawy","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific community has united to raise awareness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a critical condition for future generations because recent predictions indicate that it will become common among the elderly within a few years. Nevertheless, the intricacies of the disease's progression demand exhaustive investigations to unravel its potential mechanisms. Only then can clinicians develop more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Cognitive impairment caused by amyloid aggregation, the development of hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles, and a malfunctioning cholinergic system are the hallmarks of AD. Even after the disease has started, brain tissue integrity may degenerate. The physiological characteristics of the highly selective blood-brain barrier and the electrostatic charge of the nanoporous extracellular matrix have long placed restrictions on the treatment of brain disorders. A prospective revolution in drug delivery for the treatment of AD is the use of nanomedicine. It depends on enhancing the way that medications are distributed pharmacokinetically throughout the central nervous system. Several types of nanoparticles (Nps) are available thanks to nanotechnology, and these Nps could target the brain and have a long half-life with few systemic side effects and motor problems. With the latest technological developments, scientists are working to develop unique approaches for the treatment of AD. To evaluate the prospective uses of medicinal plants, their components, and different nanomedicine techniques, it was determined that this literature study was necessary. To provide an overview of the various challenges and approaches related to using nanoparticles (NPs) to combat Alzheimer's disease (AD), this introductory review article was developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and exploration of anticancer activity of novel peptides isolated from the edible bivalve Callista chione in hepatic and colon cancer cell lines

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101915

Ahmed A.A. Hussein , Hend Okasha , Mohamed ElZallat , Samah I. Ghoname , Mohamed R. Habib , Olfat A. Hammam , Ehab El-Dabaa , Maha B. Salem

Background

The requirement for relevant and safe drugs for cancer treatment is considered a challenge. Recently, marine isolated compounds with various therapeutic targets have attracted many researchers.

Aim

Isolation and identification of potential anticancer peptides from edible Callista chione soft tissues.

Methodology

C. chione specimens were collected and peptides were extracted, purified with FPLC, and tested on normal (hepatocytes and VERO) and cancer (HepG2, and HT-29) cells. Bioactive fractions were tested by tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Five different fractions were purified according to ionic charges and two fractions (4 and 5) showed a potent anticancer activity with a total anticancer score threshold of ≥ 0.5, and hydrophilicity mean of 1.75 that related to stability and solubility. The apoptotic and autophagy-related markers were significantly up-regulated in both HepG2 and HT-29 cells treated with IC₅₀ of bioactive peptides’ fractions 4 and 5, explaining their underlying mechanism of action.

Conclusion

Natural source peptides derived from the soft tissue of C. chione could be exploited for the treatment of cancers and a deep in silico study will be performed for further investigation and deep function identification.

{"title":"Identification and exploration of anticancer activity of novel peptides isolated from the edible bivalve Callista chione in hepatic and colon cancer cell lines","authors":"Ahmed A.A. Hussein , Hend Okasha , Mohamed ElZallat , Samah I. Ghoname , Mohamed R. Habib , Olfat A. Hammam , Ehab El-Dabaa , Maha B. Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The requirement for relevant and safe drugs for cancer treatment is considered a challenge. Recently, marine isolated compounds with various therapeutic targets have attracted many researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Isolation and identification of potential anticancer peptides from edible <em>Callista chione</em> soft tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div><em>C. chione</em> specimens were collected and peptides were extracted, purified with FPLC, and tested on normal (hepatocytes and VERO) and cancer (HepG2, and HT-29) cells. Bioactive fractions were tested by tandem mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five different fractions were purified according to ionic charges and two fractions (4 and 5) showed a potent anticancer activity with a total anticancer score threshold of ≥ 0.5, and hydrophilicity mean of 1.75 that related to stability and solubility. The apoptotic and autophagy-related markers were significantly up-regulated in both HepG2 and HT-29 cells treated with IC<sub>50</sub> of bioactive peptides’ fractions 4 and 5, explaining their underlying mechanism of action.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Natural source peptides derived from the soft tissue of <em>C. chione</em> could be exploited for the treatment of cancers and a deep in silico study will be performed for further investigation and deep function identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Involuntary intoxication caused by vaping the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA: A case report

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101930

Elise M.A. Slob , Maryam Lyousoufi , Sharif Pasha , Erik B. Wilms

Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly available. We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because of sudden headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset of his symptoms. Despite all negative results in the point-of-care test for recreational drugs, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed that the liquid of the e-cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA, a synthetic cannabinoid. LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement in the field of drug detection, offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and a broader spectrum of detectable substances. Clinicians should be aware that besides the harmful effects of nicotine and toxic metals in e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes may also contain synthetic cannabinoids or other recreational drugs including new psychoactive substances (NPS), which can cause involuntary intoxication with potentially severe adverse effects. When clinical presentation and/or initial recreational drugs testing results are inconclusive, additional testing with LC-QTOF-MS can be valuable.

{"title":"Involuntary intoxication caused by vaping the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA: A case report","authors":"Elise M.A. Slob , Maryam Lyousoufi , Sharif Pasha , Erik B. Wilms","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly available. We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because of sudden headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset of his symptoms. Despite all negative results in the point-of-care test for recreational drugs, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed that the liquid of the e-cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA, a synthetic cannabinoid. LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement in the field of drug detection, offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and a broader spectrum of detectable substances. Clinicians should be aware that besides the harmful effects of nicotine and toxic metals in e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes may also contain synthetic cannabinoids or other recreational drugs including new psychoactive substances (NPS), which can cause involuntary intoxication with potentially severe adverse effects. When clinical presentation and/or initial recreational drugs testing results are inconclusive, additional testing with LC-QTOF-MS can be valuable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel proficiency test to assess the animal diagnostic investigation process in identifying an unknown toxicant

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101925

Andriy Tkachenko , Yang Chen , Marissa Petrey , Scott Fritz , Tim Walsh , David Rotstein , Megan R. Miller , Bruce Williams , Michael Dark , Matthew Kmet , Ravinder Reddy , Gregory Tyson , Sarah M. Nemser

Participation in Proficiency Tests (PTs) is an important component of quality assurance in testing laboratories. In a typical chemistry PT, blind-coded samples are sent to participants for analysis of specific chemical agents, and results are compared to a pre-determined key (e.g., expected concentrations) to assess proficiency. In the animal diagnostic PT presented here, organizers evaluated not only the analytical component of the diagnostic investigation but also the entire investigative process as a multi-step, holistic multidisciplinary approach. Fourteen veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) participated in an exercise to identify the root cause of a simulated case of lead (Pb) toxicosis. VDLs received a case description outlining neurological signs in cattle, a digitized brain histology slide, and liver and brain tissue samples for optional chemistry analysis. Thirteen of 14 VDLs successfully diagnosed lead toxicosis by completing the following stages: (a) correctly identifying histological abnormalities, (b) providing three adequate differential diagnoses, (c) selecting adequate chemistry analyses to rule in or rule out possible causes, (d) accurately detecting lead concentration in the liver, and (e) interpreting the diagnostic significance of their results correctly. Importantly, participants first had to determine which chemistry analyses were appropriate and then to accurately quantify the target analytes. This approach provided greater confidence in the diagnostic capability of the laboratory by reducing the bias associated with being given a known chemical contaminant for which to test, typical of most chemistry PTs, and may therefore be of interest to PT providers and accreditation committees.

{"title":"A novel proficiency test to assess the animal diagnostic investigation process in identifying an unknown toxicant","authors":"Andriy Tkachenko , Yang Chen , Marissa Petrey , Scott Fritz , Tim Walsh , David Rotstein , Megan R. Miller , Bruce Williams , Michael Dark , Matthew Kmet , Ravinder Reddy , Gregory Tyson , Sarah M. Nemser","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Participation in Proficiency Tests (PTs) is an important component of quality assurance in testing laboratories. In a typical chemistry PT, blind-coded samples are sent to participants for analysis of specific chemical agents, and results are compared to a pre-determined key (e.g., expected concentrations) to assess proficiency. In the animal diagnostic PT presented here, organizers evaluated not only the analytical component of the diagnostic investigation but also the entire investigative process as a multi-step, holistic multidisciplinary approach. Fourteen veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) participated in an exercise to identify the root cause of a simulated case of lead (Pb) toxicosis. VDLs received a case description outlining neurological signs in cattle, a digitized brain histology slide, and liver and brain tissue samples for optional chemistry analysis. Thirteen of 14 VDLs successfully diagnosed lead toxicosis by completing the following stages: (a) correctly identifying histological abnormalities, (b) providing three adequate differential diagnoses, (c) selecting adequate chemistry analyses to rule in or rule out possible causes, (d) accurately detecting lead concentration in the liver, and (e) interpreting the diagnostic significance of their results correctly. Importantly, participants first had to determine which chemistry analyses were appropriate and then to accurately quantify the target analytes. This approach provided greater confidence in the diagnostic capability of the laboratory by reducing the bias associated with being given a known chemical contaminant for which to test, typical of most chemistry PTs, and may therefore be of interest to PT providers and accreditation committees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heavy metal pollution in poultry feeds and broiler chickens in Bangladesh

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101932

Sha Md. Shahan Shahriar , Nazmul Haque , Tafsir Hasan , Md Tasif Amir Sufal , Mohammad Tariqul Hassan , Mahfujul Hasan , Sayed M.A. Salam

The poultry industry poses a significant threat of heavy metal poisoning for the people of Bangladesh. The research was performed to assess the levels of heavy metals in chicken feed as well as other consumable sections of poultry fowl, and to determine the possible health hazards implicated. The levels of seven metals were evaluated in sixteen commercially available poultry feeds and in three edible portions of chicken obtained from several local markets in Rajshahi city. The metal concentrations were investigated via an atomic absorption spectrophotometer following the wet digestion method. The amount of Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe in poultry feeds were observed from 0.03 to 12.85 mg/kg, 0.01–1.64 mg/kg, 0.15–4.21 mg/kg, 2.65–45.83 mg/kg, 22.63–188.85 mg/kg, 0.09–2.64 mg/kg, and 0.54–41.01 mg/kg, respectively. In broiler chickens, the concentrations were determined from 0.87 to 3.15 mg/kg, 0.01–0.05 mg/kg, 0.19–1.09 mg/kg, 0.96–3.78 mg/kg, 4.45–23.53 mg/kg, 0.07–0.56 mg/kg, and 2.70–92.32 mg/kg, respectively. With the exception of Cu, Mn, and Fe, most heavy metal concentrations in chickens exceeded the highest allowed concentration set by FAO/WHO. The estimated EDI, THQ and TTHQ numbers for all metals examined were found to be below MTDI, indicating that consumption of chicken meat poses noncarcinogenic risk to individuals. Comparatively, ILCR associated with Cd and Pb are around the safety threshold, but Cr exceeds the permissible range and poses a significant risk.

{"title":"Heavy metal pollution in poultry feeds and broiler chickens in Bangladesh","authors":"Sha Md. Shahan Shahriar , Nazmul Haque , Tafsir Hasan , Md Tasif Amir Sufal , Mohammad Tariqul Hassan , Mahfujul Hasan , Sayed M.A. Salam","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poultry industry poses a significant threat of heavy metal poisoning for the people of Bangladesh. The research was performed to assess the levels of heavy metals in chicken feed as well as other consumable sections of poultry fowl, and to determine the possible health hazards implicated. The levels of seven metals were evaluated in sixteen commercially available poultry feeds and in three edible portions of chicken obtained from several local markets in Rajshahi city. The metal concentrations were investigated via an atomic absorption spectrophotometer following the wet digestion method. The amount of Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe in poultry feeds were observed from 0.03 to 12.85 mg/kg, 0.01–1.64 mg/kg, 0.15–4.21 mg/kg, 2.65–45.83 mg/kg, 22.63–188.85 mg/kg, 0.09–2.64 mg/kg, and 0.54–41.01 mg/kg, respectively. In broiler chickens, the concentrations were determined from 0.87 to 3.15 mg/kg, 0.01–0.05 mg/kg, 0.19–1.09 mg/kg, 0.96–3.78 mg/kg, 4.45–23.53 mg/kg, 0.07–0.56 mg/kg, and 2.70–92.32 mg/kg, respectively. With the exception of Cu, Mn, and Fe, most heavy metal concentrations in chickens exceeded the highest allowed concentration set by FAO/WHO. The estimated EDI, THQ and TTHQ numbers for all metals examined were found to be below MTDI, indicating that consumption of chicken meat poses noncarcinogenic risk to individuals. Comparatively, ILCR associated with Cd and Pb are around the safety threshold, but Cr exceeds the permissible range and poses a significant risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute and prolonged toxicity assessment of Cannabis sativa extract in rodents and lagomorphs

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101918

Alana C. Costa , Arquimedes Gasparotto Jr. , Alana A.K. Garcia , Cícero A.C. Pereira , Emerson L.B. Lourenço , Helena P.G. Joaquim

Cannabinoids offer a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach and can complement other medications to address unmet clinical needs in numerous patients, which has led to a global increase in the use of these products. No significant safety concerns have been identified in preclinical studies involving CBD and THC. However, the available data on the toxicity of combined CBD and THC are still inconclusive. Evaluating full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extracts is even more complex since whole extracts and isolated phytomolecules do not act in the same way. Given the growing interest in cannabinoid-containing products for human use and the fact that most cannabis treatments utilize entire inflorescence rather than isolated compounds, the current studies aim to evaluate the preclinical safety of a full-spectrum composition (THC, CBD, minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids) Cannabis sativa extract (CSE). This research includes acute (single dose, with animals monitored for 14 days to assess potential effects) and long-term treatments (6 months for rodents and 9 months for rabbits) to assess safety and tolerance. This study demonstrates that a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract has a favorable safety profile in both acute and prolonged toxicity studies in rodents and rabbits. In acute toxicity tests, the extract did not show any significant behavioral or physiological changes after oral or intraperitoneal administration. Additionally, administering the extract acutely to rabbits had minimal impact on the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, with only a temporary reduction in motor activity at the highest dose. Prolonged administration of 6 months in rats and 9 months in rabbits did not lead to significant changes in organ histopathology, body weight, or behavior. Although liver enzymes were elevated at the highest doses, other biochemical and hematological parameters remained unchanged. CSE was well-tolerated, as no serious adverse effects were observed; however, a reduction in motor activity was noted in the highest dose group, highlighting the need for further investigation, which is proposed for future studies.

{"title":"Acute and prolonged toxicity assessment of Cannabis sativa extract in rodents and lagomorphs","authors":"Alana C. Costa , Arquimedes Gasparotto Jr. , Alana A.K. Garcia , Cícero A.C. Pereira , Emerson L.B. Lourenço , Helena P.G. Joaquim","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabinoids offer a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach and can complement other medications to address unmet clinical needs in numerous patients, which has led to a global increase in the use of these products. No significant safety concerns have been identified in preclinical studies involving CBD and THC. However, the available data on the toxicity of combined CBD and THC are still inconclusive. Evaluating full-spectrum <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extracts is even more complex since whole extracts and isolated phytomolecules do not act in the same way. Given the growing interest in cannabinoid-containing products for human use and the fact that most <em>cannabis</em> treatments utilize entire inflorescence rather than isolated compounds, the current studies aim to evaluate the preclinical safety of a full-spectrum composition (THC, CBD, minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids) <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extract (CSE). This research includes acute (single dose, with animals monitored for 14 days to assess potential effects) and long-term treatments (6 months for rodents and 9 months for rabbits) to assess safety and tolerance. This study demonstrates that a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract has a favorable safety profile in both acute and prolonged toxicity studies in rodents and rabbits. In acute toxicity tests, the extract did not show any significant behavioral or physiological changes after oral or intraperitoneal administration. Additionally, administering the extract acutely to rabbits had minimal impact on the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, with only a temporary reduction in motor activity at the highest dose. Prolonged administration of 6 months in rats and 9 months in rabbits did not lead to significant changes in organ histopathology, body weight, or behavior. Although liver enzymes were elevated at the highest doses, other biochemical and hematological parameters remained unchanged. CSE was well-tolerated, as no serious adverse effects were observed; however, a reduction in motor activity was noted in the highest dose group, highlighting the need for further investigation, which is proposed for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0