Toxicology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Acute and prolonged toxicity assessment of Cannabis sativa extract in rodents and lagomorphs","authors":"Alana C. Costa ,&nbsp;Arquimedes Gasparotto Jr. ,&nbsp;Alana A.K. Garcia ,&nbsp;Cícero A.C. Pereira ,&nbsp;Emerson L.B. Lourenço ,&nbsp;Helena P.G. Joaquim","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabinoids offer a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach and can complement other medications to address unmet clinical needs in numerous patients, which has led to a global increase in the use of these products. No significant safety concerns have been identified in preclinical studies involving CBD and THC. However, the available data on the toxicity of combined CBD and THC are still inconclusive. Evaluating full-spectrum <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extracts is even more complex since whole extracts and isolated phytomolecules do not act in the same way. Given the growing interest in cannabinoid-containing products for human use and the fact that most <em>cannabis</em> treatments utilize entire inflorescence rather than isolated compounds, the current studies aim to evaluate the preclinical safety of a full-spectrum composition (THC, CBD, minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids) <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extract (CSE). This research includes acute (single dose, with animals monitored for 14 days to assess potential effects) and long-term treatments (6 months for rodents and 9 months for rabbits) to assess safety and tolerance. This study demonstrates that a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract has a favorable safety profile in both acute and prolonged toxicity studies in rodents and rabbits. In acute toxicity tests, the extract did not show any significant behavioral or physiological changes after oral or intraperitoneal administration. Additionally, administering the extract acutely to rabbits had minimal impact on the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, with only a temporary reduction in motor activity at the highest dose. Prolonged administration of 6 months in rats and 9 months in rabbits did not lead to significant changes in organ histopathology, body weight, or behavior. Although liver enzymes were elevated at the highest doses, other biochemical and hematological parameters remained unchanged. CSE was well-tolerated, as no serious adverse effects were observed; however, a reduction in motor activity was noted in the highest dose group, highlighting the need for further investigation, which is proposed for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of nicotine-free and nicotine-rich flavored electronic cigarette refill liquids on primary human melanocyte function","authors":"Shilpi Goenka","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, five popular EC liquid flavors–strawberry, banana, vanilla, tobacco, and menthol–were examined on human melanocyte functions. Each flavored e-liquid (in 80/20 PG/VG vehicle) was tested without or with 18 mg/mL nicotine. The effects of PG/VG and nicotine-containing vehicles were also evaluated. Results revealed that nicotine-free and nicotine-containing e-liquids had comparable cytotoxicity, with menthol&gt; &gt; banana&gt; tobacco&gt; vanilla&gt; strawberry. This cytotoxicity was unrelated to either nicotine or the vehicle. PG/VG (1 and 2 %) increased melanin production without influencing cellular tyrosinase activity. The flavored e-liquids did not further affect melanin production, suggesting that the vehicle's effect, not the flavor, was responsible for the increased melanin production. Interestingly, nicotine at 2 % in the vehicle restored the stimulated melanin production to the control. Flavors suppressed cellular tyrosinase activity, with vanilla and banana flavors robustly inhibiting it. Vanilla and banana e-liquids also enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which did not originate from the vehicle or nicotine-containing vehicle. Banana e-liquid with nicotine lowered ROS generation compared to nicotine-free banana e-liquid. Common flavors in e-liquids can cause cytotoxicity and influence melanogenesis even without nicotine, indicating that the use of ECs may not completely avoid the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. Further studies are warranted to investigate e-liquid aerosol effects on melanocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual screening, in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiling of colchicine-based inhibitors of estrogen receptor of breast cancer","authors":"Philip John Ameji ,&nbsp;Amneh Shtaiwi ,&nbsp;Rohana Adnan","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The declining efficacies of existing drugs against estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer due to multidrug resistance, acute toxicities, and poor pharmacokinetic properties has necessitated the discovery of newer ones. In this study, colchicine analogues with proven <em>in vitro</em> activities against breast cancer cells were screened against estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) <em>via</em> molecular docking simulations to identify some promising drug candidates. The identified ligands were further subjected to MM/GBSA calculations to ascertain their solvation-dependent Gibb’s free energy of binding (∆G_B). Three most promising ligands (MPLs); 12, 16, and 21 with ∆G_B values of − 40.37, − 40.31, and − 40.26 kcal/mol, respectively, were identified. When compared with tamoxifen (standard drug) whose ∆G_B value is − 38.66 kcal/mol, the MPLs appear more potent. The kinetic stabilities of 12, 16, and 21 were confirmed by DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculations and the time-dependent thermodynamic stabilities of their complexes with ERα were established by molecular dynamic simulations. In addition, the MPLs display positive pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles and could be excellent sources of potent and non-toxic drug candidates against ER+ breast carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADME/Tox study and the effect of β-Caryophyllene on the resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus carrying the QacA/B efflux pump gene","authors":"José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra ,&nbsp;José Thyálisson da Costa Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga ,&nbsp;Rafael Pereira da Cruz ,&nbsp;Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar ,&nbsp;Daniel Sampaio Alves ,&nbsp;Ewerton Yago de Sousa Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Simone Galdino de Sousa ,&nbsp;Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes ,&nbsp;Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha ,&nbsp;José Maria Barbosa Filho ,&nbsp;Carlos Alonso Leite dos Santos ,&nbsp;Adrielle Rodrigues Costa ,&nbsp;Carolina Bandeira Domiciano ,&nbsp;Lucia Raquel de Lima ,&nbsp;Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gram-positive bacterium <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is responsible for causing both community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, and it exhibits high antibiotic resistance due to the presence of efflux pumps. These pumps, such as QacA and QacB, are proteins that expel toxic substances, including antibiotics, making infection treatment more difficult. Among the alternatives to combat this resistance are terpenes, like β-caryophyllene, which have the potential to inhibit these efflux pumps due to their nonpolar nature. Considering this, the objective of this work is to investigate the ability of the mentioned terpene to act as an inhibitor of the QacA/B pump in <em>S. aureus</em>, as well as to analyze its pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties in silico. Initially, a molecular docking simulation was performed using the CryoEM structure of the QacA protein with the software AutoDock VINA to evaluate the interactions between β-caryophyllene and the target protein. Subsequently, <em>in vitro</em> assays were conducted to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of β-caryophyllene and its ability to inhibit the efflux pump in combination with ampicillin in resistant strains of <em>S. aureus</em>. Additionally, <em>in silico</em> ADMET predictions were performed using the SwissADME platform. The results showed that the terpene enhanced the action of ampicillin, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 50 %. However, it was not able to reduce the MIC of ethidium bromide. The <em>in silico</em> analysis indicated that β-caryophyllene has good bioavailability and drug-likeness characteristics, but with limitations in its gastrointestinal absorption and brain permeability. The study concludes that β-caryophyllene is a promising candidate as an adjuvant in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, especially due to its ability to partially inhibit efflux pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cilostazol protective effect on nedaplatin-induced genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes","authors":"Karem H. Alzoubi ,&nbsp;Abeer M. Rababa’h ,&nbsp;Omar F. Khabour ,&nbsp;Fian Nuseir","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nedaplatin has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in combating various malignancies. However, the administration of nedaplatin has been associated with the induction of DNA damage within normal cells. Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with an antioxidant mechanism that could protect cells from genotoxicity. We aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effect of nedaplatin on cultured human lymphocytes and the potential protective effect of cilostazol on chromosomal damage induced by nedaplatin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The proposed nedaplatin’s genotoxic effect was studied <em>in vitro</em> by evaluating the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human cultured lymphocytes. Both the mitotic and proliferative indices (MI and PI, respectively) were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of nedaplatin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nedaplatin significantly increased the frequency of SCEs compared to control and cilostazol-treated cells. The chromosomal injury induced by nedaplatin was significantly reduced by pretreatment of cells with cilostazol (P &lt; 0.0001). Treating with cilostazol alone also reduced the frequency of SCEs, MI, and PI compared to the control group. Nedaplatin induced significant decreases in the MI and PI compared to the control group. Pretreatment with cilostazol partially debilitated the nedaplatin-induced changes in MI but not PI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cilostazol ameliorated the genotoxicity of nedaplatin in cultured human lymphocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patulin induced neuronal cell damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells","authors":"G.V. Jayashree ,&nbsp;P. Rachitha ,&nbsp;Vinay B. Raghavendra ,&nbsp;Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patulin, a mycotoxin produced by fungal species, is found in fruits and their derivatives. Exposure to it can lead to cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding its mechanisms is crucial for assessing risks in food, emphasizing the need for strict food safety regulations to protect public health. In this study SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line was challenged with the mycotoxin patulin. Patulin was treated to the cells for 24 h at 25–2000 nM, concentrations respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the cytotoxicity as assessed by the MTT and LDH leakage assays with an IC50 at a dose of 500 nM. The light microscope images showed a decreased in neurites size with increase in doses of patulin. The patulin treatment showed a decrease in antioxidant enzymes SOD and catalase levels and an increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation levels. Patulin treatment also showed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial damage, with vacuolation of mitochondria visualized by transmission electron microscope. Patulin treatment also showed DNA damage observed by comet assay. The study demonstrates that patulin induces cellular damage, and induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial and DNA damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment for non-carcinogenic effect posed by sulfates in water on the health of residents around The Sumpur River, West Sumatra-Indonesia","authors":"Sukarjo ,&nbsp;Rahmah Dewi Yustika ,&nbsp;Cicik Oktasari Handayani ,&nbsp;Triyani Dewi ,&nbsp;Yustiawati ,&nbsp;Delvi Yanti ,&nbsp;Ai Dariah","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive agricultural activity contributes to runoff and plays a significant role in elevated sulfate concentrations in many global water bodies. In tropical regions, sulfate pollution and its associated health hazards have intensified, emerging as an international concern. However, these issues are often overlooked despite their potential impact on water and citizen safety. Present study intends to assess the risks posed by sulfate contamination to human health, given its critical implications for water quality in the area. The assessment was conducted through observations in seven water sampling stations established along the Sumpur River and its estuary in Lake Singkarak. The analysis of the collected samples reveals that sulfate concentrations at all locations remain within permissible limits, confirming the water's suitability for consumption. The Sulfate Pollution Index (SPI) values at all sampling locations are below 1, classifying them as unpolluted with respect to sulfate content. Additionally, the Hazard Index (HI) values at all locations were below 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic health risks to the public. However, location S5 recorded the highest average HI value, nearing 1 (0.95). One of sampling observations at S5, located near rice fields and settlement areas along the riverbanks, showed a value exceeding 1, which requires attention. Sustainable management of agricultural is crucial for mitigating potential health and dangers sulfate contamination and ensuring the safety of water for consumption in this region. Mitigating sulfate pollution from agriculture and residential areas requires a combination of technology, education, and regulatory enforcement. This approach should actively involve the community to create a healthier and more sustainable environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of NAC and CoQ10 on aluminium phosphide poisoning as an adjuvant therapy: A Pilot study","authors":"Maii Farag Henaidy ,&nbsp;Maha Ghanem ,&nbsp;Shehata Farag Shehata ,&nbsp;Amal M. Shouair ,&nbsp;Reda R. Mabrouk","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning, death is mainly due to acute heart failure. There is some evidence showing that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and coenzyme Q10 have antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. This study investigated a new approach for treating acute AlP poisoning by using NAC and Co-Q10 as adjuvant therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and methods</h3><div>The study design was a retrospective-prospective study. It was conducted in the poisoning unit of Kafer Eldwar General Hospital. Sixty patients with acute aluminium phosphide poisoning were included. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (standard protocol) considered the control group received the standard supportive care, and their data were collected from the medical records. The second group (new protocol) in addition to the standard supportive care received the NAC and CoQ10 regimen, and all data were collected in a specially designed sheet.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the highest percentage of patients in both groups were aged 18–25, followed by those under 18, and females outnumbered the males. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure showed significant improvement in the new protocol group. A significant statistical difference was found between the two groups regarding mechanical ventilation (p = 0.015), where mechanical ventilation was used in 20 % of patients in the new protocol group and 50 % in the standard group. Regarding the outcome of patients, the survival rate reached 73.3 % upon using the new protocol, compared to 50 % who received the standard protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data imply that further investigation in using the NAC and CoQ10 regimen is warranted. It gave an improvement of the survival rate and decrease the need for mechanical ventilation in AlP</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101907"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of lead and cadmium exposure through olive and corn oil consumption in Gonbad-Kavus, north of Iran: A public health risk analysis","authors":"Janan Tayeb ,&nbsp;Mohammadhosein Movassaghghazani","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead and cadmium are common heavy metals in oils. This study assessed their levels in commercial and traditional olive and corn oils from Gonbad-Kavus City using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated. The results from 60 oil samples showed quantifiable levels of lead and cadmium in all samples. Lead concentrations in commercial olive oil, traditional olive oil, commercial corn oil, and traditional corn oil were 13.27 ± 3.37, 17.48 ± 4.82, 19.27 ± 8.12, and 32.40 ± 6.13 μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium concentrations were 4.14 ± 0.53, 3.50 ± 0.72, 4.48 ± 1.80, and 5.77 ± 1.34 µg/kg, respectively. All lead levels were below the 80 µg/kg limit set by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). For a 70 kg person consuming 0.147 g of corn oil and 0.328 g of olive oil daily, the metals pose no risk to health over a lifetime. No health concerns were found for oils except traditional olive oil. Corn oil showed significant lead contamination. HI values for lead and cadmium in oils were below 1, indicating no non-carcinogenic health risk. MOE values for lead in traditional olive oil were below 10,000, while other oils were above, indicating no significant risk to consumers. These findings call for a review of national standards and increased monitoring of heavy metals in vegetable oils in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Sub-chronic toxicity of the active fraction of a modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction” [Toxicol. Rep. 13 (2024) 101682]","authors":"Lan Wang ,&nbsp;Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Jia-Qian Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan-Feng Huang ,&nbsp;Mei Zhong ,&nbsp;Steven King Fan Loo ,&nbsp;Siu-Po Ip ,&nbsp;Yan-Fang Xian ,&nbsp;Zhi-Xiu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}