Toxicology Reports最新文献_第6页

Role of cyanotoxins in the development and promotion of cancer. 蓝藻毒素在癌症的发生和发展中的作用。

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101798

Siddharth Rajput, Shruti Jain, Debabrata Dash, Nidhi Gupta, Roshni Rajpoot, Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya, Mohammed Latif Khan, Raj Kumar Koiri

Cyanotoxins are primarily produced by different species of cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, and have appeared to be environmental poisons that have various toxic effects on animal health, including humans. Cyanotoxins have been linked to the development and promotion of multiple cancers in recent studies. Important cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsin, have been found to play significant roles in developing and promoting various cancers. These toxins are generally responsible for oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disrupt cellular signaling pathways thus the development of cancers in various cells. Cancer is a multistep process caused by multiple mutations in normal cells. Microcystin-LR inhibits protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A), which leads to abnormal cell proliferation and tumor development. Similar inhibition of PP1 and PP2A is shown by nodularin, and in fact, their mechanism of carcinogenesis is the same as that of microcystins to some extent. Cylindrospermopsin inhibits protein synthesis and thus has genotoxic effects and may promote the development of cancer. Anatoxin-a and saxitoxins are well-known neurotoxins but, are thought to have indirect carcinogenic effects based on the fact that they can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in cells by producing reactive oxygen species, thus further studies are needed to fully elucidate their role in the development and promotion of cancer. This review provides a detailed account of how different cyanotoxins play a role in the development and promotion of cancer.

蓝藻毒素主要由不同种类的蓝藻（又称蓝绿藻）产生，似乎是一种环境毒物，对包括人类在内的动物健康有各种毒性影响。最近的研究表明，蓝藻毒素与多种癌症的发生和发展有关。研究发现，重要的蓝藻毒素，如微囊藻毒素、结节藻毒素和圆柱藻毒素，在各种癌症的发病和促发中起着重要作用。这些毒素通常会导致氧化应激、DNA 损伤，并破坏细胞信号传导途径，从而使各种细胞发生癌变。癌症是一个多步骤的过程，由正常细胞中的多种突变引起。微囊藻毒素-LR 可抑制蛋白磷酸酶（PP1 和 PP2A），导致细胞异常增殖和肿瘤发展。结节素对 PP1 和 PP2A 也有类似的抑制作用，事实上，它们的致癌机制在某种程度上与微囊藻毒素相同。Cylindrospermopsin 可抑制蛋白质的合成，因此具有基因毒性作用，可能会促进癌症的发展。Anatoxin-a 和 saxitoxins 是众所周知的神经毒素，但由于它们可通过产生活性氧诱导细胞氧化应激和 DNA 损伤，因此被认为具有间接致癌作用。本综述详细介绍了不同的蓝藻毒素如何在癌症的发生和发展中发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Laboratory investigations of liver function and lipid profiles tests before and after oral isotretinoin treatment among Acne valgaris clients at Ibri Polyclinic: A retrospective study. 伊布利综合诊所的痤疮患者在口服异维A酸治疗前后的肝功能和血脂检查：回顾性研究。

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101799

Weaam Said Awadh Al Yaqoubi, Salem Said Jaroof Al Touby, Mohammad Amzad Hossain

Background: Oral isotretinoin is a powerful medication commonly used for treating severe Acne valgaris, particularly in cases that are resistant to conventional therapies like topical treatments and antibiotics. It is a retinoid derived from vitamin A, known for its ability to significantly reduce sebum production, prevent clogged pores, and decrease inflammation.

Objective: This study investigates the changes in liver function tests and lipid profiles before and after the use of oral isotretinoin among Acne Vulgaris clients.

Method: A quantitative retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records from 50 Acne Vulgaris patients aged 13-40 years who received oral isotretinoin at Ibri Polyclinic between 2012 and 2022. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: The analysis revealed significant changes in liver function tests, with elevated levels of total bilirubin and ALT post-treatment. Lipid profiles also showed marked alterations, including increased cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the substantial impact of isotretinoin on liver function and lipid metabolism in Acne Vulgaris patients. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind isotretinoin-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia, potentially guiding future interventions.

背景：口服异维A酸是一种强效药物，常用于治疗严重的痤疮，尤其是对局部治疗和抗生素等传统疗法产生抗药性的病例。它是一种从维生素 A 提取的维甲酸，因其能够显著减少皮脂分泌、防止毛孔堵塞和减少炎症而闻名：本研究调查了痤疮患者在口服异维A酸前后肝功能检测和血脂谱的变化：利用电子病历进行了一项定量回顾性研究，研究对象为2012年至2022年期间在伊布利综合诊所接受口服异维A酸治疗的50名年龄在13-40岁之间的痤疮患者。所得数据使用 SPSS 20 版进行分析：分析结果显示，治疗后肝功能检测有明显变化，总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶水平升高。血脂也发生了明显变化，包括胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平升高：结论：研究结果凸显了异维A酸对痤疮患者肝功能和脂质代谢的重大影响。需要进一步研究探讨异维A酸诱发肝毒性和血脂异常的机制，从而为未来的干预措施提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial and chemical analysis of independently produced batches of Tenebrio molitor larval powder 对独立生产的各批天牛幼虫粉进行微生物和化学分析

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101783

Oleen Machona, Muzunze Christine Mitchell, Maduviko Pepertual, Farisai Chidzwondo, Rumbidzai Mangoyi

Due to the continuous growth of the world population, European countries have recently declared Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) powder safe as an alternative protein source for humans. Despite the positive aspects raised about mealworm powder, its marketability faces challenges due to some safety concerns. There is a lack of profound insight into the microbial safety, chemical reactions during storage and shelf life of Tenebrio molitor larvae intended for human consumption in Zimbabwe. Mealworm powder can be contaminated by components such as heavy metals, mycotoxins and pesticides which usually occur during feeding and storage of finished products. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacteria, fungi and aflatoxins in two independently produced batches of Tenebrio molitor larval powder quantitatively to confirm its safety. Culture dependent analyses were performed to determine the presence of fungi and bacteria. The potential spoilage bacteria and food pathogens found were then enumerated and characterised. Thin layer chromatography was used to analyse aflatoxins in the mealworm powder. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of Aspergillus species, Rhizopus species, Rhodotorula species, Staphylococcus species, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the two independently produced batches of Tenebrio molitor larval powder. However, the microorganisms present were below levels that cause food poisoning. Aflatoxin analysis showed the presence of aflatoxin B1 at a lower value of 12 parts per billion in the sample compared to the FDA standards of 20 parts per billion. In conclusion, based on this study, Tenebrio molitor larval powder may be safe for human consumption as the microbial and aflatoxin concentrations were below poisonous levels.

由于世界人口的持续增长，欧洲国家最近宣布黄粉虫粉作为人类的替代蛋白质来源是安全的。尽管黄粉虫粉具有积极的一面，但由于一些安全问题，其市场化面临挑战。在津巴布韦，人们对供人类食用的黄粉虫幼虫的微生物安全性、储存期间的化学反应和保质期缺乏深入了解。黄粉虫粉末可能受到重金属、霉菌毒素和杀虫剂等成分的污染，这些污染通常发生在成品的喂养和储存过程中。本研究旨在定量检测两批独立生产的天牛幼虫粉中是否存在细菌、真菌和黄曲霉毒素，以确认其安全性。为确定真菌和细菌的存在，进行了培养依赖性分析。然后对发现的潜在腐败细菌和食品病原体进行计数和定性。薄层色谱法用于分析黄粉虫粉末中的黄曲霉毒素。微生物分析表明，在两批独立生产的黄粉虫幼虫粉中存在曲霉菌属、根霉菌属、根瘤菌属、葡萄球菌属、肠杆菌科和乳酸菌（LAB）。不过，这些微生物的含量低于导致食物中毒的水平。黄曲霉毒素分析表明，样品中黄曲霉毒素 B1 的含量为十亿分之十二，低于美国食品及药物管理局规定的十亿分之二十的标准。总之，根据这项研究，由于微生物和黄曲霉毒素的浓度低于有毒水平，人类可以安全食用褐飞虱幼虫粉。

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引用次数: 0

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and methanol root extract of Tetracera alnifolia in male albino rats 雄性白化大鼠对 Tetracera alnifolia 水提取物和甲醇根提取物的急性和亚急性毒性研究

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101786

Irene Ebosereme Ainyanbhor , Iyere Osolase Onoagbe , Great Iruoghene Edo , Emad Yousif , Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie , Joseph Oghenewogaga Owheruo , Endurance Fegor Isoje , Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku , Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah , Huzaifa Umar

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of Tetracera alnifolia as well as the effects on some biochemical parameters in albino rats as many plants used in traditional medicine lack scientific and clinical evidence to support a better understanding of their safety and efficacy. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the pulverised root of Tetracera alnifolia was carried out using previously reported protocol. Sub-acute toxicity study of each extract was done for 28 days followed by organs function tests and histopathology studies of the liver, kidney and heart. Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress marker to ascertain the effect of each extract on lipid peroxidation and their antioxidant property was done after administration of 200 mg/Kg body weight of each extract for a period of thirty-five days. Acute toxicity study of each extract gave oral LD₅₀ (rat) of greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight with no signs of toxicity. Sub-acute toxicity study showed both extracts were non-toxic to the liver, kidney, heart and blood at doses between 200 and 3000 mg/Kg body weight assessed by the respective organ function tests, hematological parameters, and histopathology study. However, higher doses seem toxic to the liver particularly at 5000 mg/kg B. W due to increase in plasma AST, ALT and ALP activities accompanied with reduced protein and albumin concentrations. Effects of each extracts at 200 mg/Kg body weight on some biochemical parameters revealed no significant difference in lipid profile parameters and no lipid peroxidation. Each extract may possess antioxidant property due to increase in catalase activity. The result from this research may help validate the safety of the oral use of this plant in traditional medicine.

本研究的目的是评估 Tetracera alnifolia 根的水提取物和甲醇提取物的急性和亚急性毒性，以及对白化大鼠某些生化指标的影响，因为传统医学中使用的许多植物都缺乏科学和临床证据来支持更好地了解其安全性和有效性。研究人员采用之前报道过的方法对 Tetracera alnifolia 的粉碎根进行了植物化学筛选和近似分析。对每种提取物进行了为期 28 天的亚急性毒性研究，随后对肝脏、肾脏和心脏进行了器官功能测试和组织病理学研究。在服用每种提取物 200 毫克/千克体重长达 35 天后，对脂质概况和氧化应激标记进行了评估，以确定每种提取物对脂质过氧化的影响及其抗氧化性。急性毒性研究显示，每种提取物的口服半数致死剂量（大鼠）均大于 5000 毫克/千克体重，且无中毒迹象。亚急性毒性研究表明，在 200 至 3000 毫克/千克体重的剂量范围内，两种提取物对肝脏、肾脏、心脏和血液均无毒性。然而，较高剂量似乎对肝脏有毒，尤其是在 5000 毫克/千克体重时，这是因为血浆中的 AST、ALT 和 ALP 活性增加，同时蛋白质和白蛋白浓度降低。每种提取物在 200 毫克/千克体重时对一些生化指标的影响显示，脂质概况指标和脂质过氧化反应没有显著差异。由于过氧化氢酶活性的增加，每种提取物都可能具有抗氧化性。这项研究的结果可能有助于验证这种植物在传统医学中口服使用的安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Role of Vitamin C on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in psoriasis context: A preclinical assessment 维生素 C 对甲氨蝶呤诱导的银屑病肾毒性的作用：临床前评估

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101782

Elodia-Nataly Díaz-de-la-Cruz , Grecia-Elena Hurtado-Nuñez , Sandra-Guadalupe Sánchez-Ceja , Luz Torner , María-Carmen Bartolomé-Camacho , Walter-Ángel Trujillo-Rangel , Martha-Estrella García-Pérez

Methotrexate (MTX) is the most prescribed drug for systemic treatment of psoriasis. However, its clinical use is limited by its nephrotoxicity, which antioxidants can attenuate. This study evaluates the impact of vitamin C (vitC), a well-known antioxidant, on nephrotoxicity induced by high MTX doses in the context of psoriasis. To achieve this purpose, the kidney injury triggered by acute MTX exposure was established in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Mice were randomly divided into six groups: group 1 (control); group 2 (Imiquimod, IMQ), group 3 (IMQ+vitC 175 mg/kg/day); group 4 (MTX 20 mg/kg i.p); group 5 (IMQ+MTX 20 mg/kg) and group 6 (IMQ+MTX 20 mg/kg + vitC 175 mg/kg/day). The effects of these treatments were determined by considering the evolution of IMQ-induced skin lesions and serum creatinine levels. Moreover, histopathological analysis, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and TNF-α production were determined in kidney tissue. Results showed that vitC attenuates renal damage in the context of IMQ-induced psoriasis. However, the opposite occurs when administered with IMQ+MTX, worsening skin psoriasis lesions and exacerbating acute renal tubular necrosis and oxidative DNA damage. These results establish new clues about the MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in the psoriasis context and the putative protective effects of vitC. It suggests that vitC supplementation could help attenuate the renal damage promoted by the psoriatic pathological environment. However, it should be avoided in psoriasis patients with renal dysfunction treated with MTX.

甲氨蝶呤（MTX）是系统治疗银屑病的最常用药物。然而，它的肾毒性限制了它在临床上的应用，而抗氧化剂可以减轻肾毒性。本研究评估了众所周知的抗氧化剂维生素 C（vitC）对银屑病患者高剂量 MTX 引起的肾毒性的影响。为此，我们在咪喹莫特诱导的银屑病小鼠模型中建立了急性MTX暴露引发的肾损伤。小鼠被随机分为六组：第1组（对照组）；第2组（咪喹莫特，IMQ）；第3组（IMQ+vitC 175 mg/kg/day）；第4组（MTX 20 mg/kg i.p）；第5组（IMQ+MTX 20 mg/kg）和第6组（IMQ+MTX 20 mg/kg + vitC 175 mg/kg/day）。根据 IMQ 诱导的皮肤病变和血清肌酐水平的变化来确定这些治疗的效果。此外，还测定了肾组织的组织病理学分析、脂质过氧化、氧化应激和 TNF-α 的产生。结果表明，在 IMQ 诱导的银屑病中，维生素 C 可减轻肾损伤。然而，与IMQ+MTX同时使用时，情况则恰恰相反，会加重银屑病皮损，加剧急性肾小管坏死和氧化DNA损伤。这些结果为牛皮癣中MTX诱导的肾毒性以及维生素C的保护作用提供了新的线索。这表明，补充维生素 C 有助于减轻银屑病病理环境对肾脏的损害。但是，使用 MTX 治疗肾功能不全的银屑病患者应避免补充维生素 C。

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引用次数: 0

Protective effects of Boswellia and Curcuma extract on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy via modulation of NF-κB signaling 乳香和莪术提取物通过调节 NF-κB 信号对奥沙利铂诱导的神经病变具有保护作用

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101781

Sakshi Mahajan , Varun Sureja , Dharmeshkumar Kheni , Vishal Dubey , Kiran Bhupathiraju , Venkata KrishnaRaju Alluri , Anuradha Majumdar

Oxaliplatin is a third-generation anticancer agent with better efficacy, lower toxicity, and a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity. Its use is frequently associated with chronic oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy (OIN), a cumulative phenomenon manifesting as loss of sensation, paresthesia, dysesthesia, and irresolvable fluctuations in proprioception that greatly affect the patients’ quality of life. The inevitable nature and high incidence of OIN, along with the absence of efficacious preventive agents, necessitate the development of effective and reliable protective options for limiting OIN while maintaining anticancer activity. The pathogenesis of chronic OIN involves neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa via modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess cold allodynia, heat hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and slowed nerve conduction velocity associated with chronic oxaliplatin administration. The modulation of NF-κB signaling and the subsequent activation of cytokines were evaluated through quantitative analysis of inflammatory cytokines in sciatic nerve homogenates. Additional assessments included oxidative stress parameters, serum neuronal biomarkers, and examination of sciatic nerve cross-sections. The findings indicate improvements in behavioral and biochemical parameters, as well as nerve histology, with the combined extract of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa at doses of 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg. Thus, this study presents evidence for the protective potential of the combined extract of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa in OIN through modulation of NF-κB signaling.

奥沙利铂是第三代抗癌药，具有更好的疗效、更低的毒性和更广泛的抗肿瘤活性。使用奥沙利铂经常会引起慢性奥沙利铂诱导的神经病变（OIN），这是一种累积性现象，表现为感觉丧失、麻痹、感觉障碍和无法解决的本体感觉波动，极大地影响了患者的生活质量。由于 OIN 的不可避免性和高发病率，以及缺乏有效的预防药物，因此有必要开发有效可靠的保护方案，在保持抗癌活性的同时限制 OIN。慢性 OIN 的发病机制涉及神经炎症和氧化应激。本研究旨在探讨乳香和莪术通过调节核因子-kappa B（NF-κB）信号传导对神经的保护作用。通过行为测试来评估与长期服用奥沙利铂相关的冷异感、热痛、机械异感、机械痛和神经传导速度减慢。通过对坐骨神经匀浆中的炎性细胞因子进行定量分析，评估了 NF-κB 信号转导的调节和随后细胞因子的激活。其他评估包括氧化应激参数、血清神经元生物标志物和坐骨神经横截面检查。研究结果表明，50 毫克/千克和 75 毫克/千克剂量的乳香和莪术联合提取物可改善行为和生化参数以及神经组织学。因此，本研究证明了乳香和莪术联合提取物通过调节 NF-κB 信号传导对 OIN 的保护潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of Bisphenol-A on human reproductive health 双酚 A 对人类生殖健康的影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101773

Esther A. Salami, Oluwakemi A. Rotimi

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical used to produce several consumer goods and products. There has been widespread exposure to BPA because of increased industrial production and use of BPA-containing products. As a result of these exposures, BPA is found in several human body fluids and can cause endocrine disruption by interfering with hormone signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications. Therefore, human reproductive health and development have been adversely affected by BPA. This review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge on the impact of BPA on human reproductive health, examining its effects on both males and females. To achieve this, we systematically searched four databases for studies that associated BPA with reproductive health (male and female), after which we retrieved the important information from the selected articles. There was an association of reproductive health diseases with high BPA exposure. In males, BPA was associated with increased sperm alterations, altered reproductive hormone levels, and testicular atrophy. In females, there was an association of BPA exposure with hormonal imbalances, reduced ovarian reserve, and increased likelihood of conditions such as fibroids, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis and infertility. BPA's pervasive presence and its harmful effects on reproductive health underscore the need for global regulation and public awareness. Although substantial evidence from animal and in vitro studies supports the detrimental effects of BPA, there is a need for more human-focused research, particularly in developing countries, to confirm these findings. This review advocates for increased regulatory measures to limit BPA exposure.

双酚 A（BPA）是一种公认的干扰内分泌的化学物质，用于生产多种消费品和产品。由于工业生产和含双酚 A 产品使用量的增加，人们普遍接触到双酚 A。由于这些暴露，双酚 A 存在于多种人体体液中，并可通过干扰激素信号传导途径和表观遗传修饰导致内分泌紊乱。因此，人类的生殖健康和发育受到了双酚 A 的不利影响。本综述旨在整合有关双酚 A 对人类生殖健康影响的现有知识，研究其对男性和女性的影响。为此，我们在四个数据库中系统地搜索了双酚 A 与生殖健康（男性和女性）相关的研究，然后检索了所选文章中的重要信息。生殖健康疾病与大量接触双酚 A 有关。在男性中，双酚 A 与精子改变增加、生殖激素水平改变和睾丸萎缩有关。在女性中，双酚 A 暴露与荷尔蒙失调、卵巢储备功能降低以及子宫肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合症、子宫内膜异位症和不孕症等疾病的可能性增加有关。双酚 A 的普遍存在及其对生殖健康的有害影响凸显了全球监管和提高公众意识的必要性。尽管来自动物和体外研究的大量证据证明了双酚 A 的有害影响，但仍需要开展更多的以人类为重点的研究，特别是在发展中国家，以证实这些发现。本综述主张加强监管措施，限制双酚 A 暴露。

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引用次数: 0

Low toxicity of dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium dental implants to human primary osteoblast cells 银涂层钛牙科植入物中的溶解银对人类原代成骨细胞的低毒性

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101776

Ranj Nadhim Salaie , Alexandros Besinis , Christopher Tredwin , Richard D. Handy

Objectives

the controlled release of silver as a biocide from Ag-coated medical implants is desirable. However, the biocompatibility of Ag leachates is poorly understood. This study investigated the toxicity of silver released from the silver plated titanium implants to human primary osteoblast cells; and the effect of cell culture medium on the silver speciation and bioavailability. Methods: Ti6Al4V discs were coated with Ag nanoparticles (NPs), silver plus hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (Ag+nHA), or Ag NPs plus microparticles (Ag+mHA). Primary human osteoblast cells were exposed to the leachates from the various discs for up to 7 days. Results: the total Ag concentrations released as leachate from the silver-plated titanium discs were 0.7–1.6 mg L⁻¹, regardless of treatment. Cumulative silver release over 7 days was approximately 3 mg L⁻¹ in all treatments. The concentration of total Ag in the cell homogenates from all the Ag-containing treatments was modest, ∼ 0.1 µg mg protein⁻¹ or less at day 7. Cells showed normal healthy morphology with no appreciable leak of LDH or ALP activity into the external media compared to the reference control. Similarly, there was no significant differences (Kruskal Wallis, p > 0.05) in the LDH or ALP activity in the cell homogenate between treatments. Conclusions: overall, there was a controlled release of Ag into the external media, but this remained biocompatible with no deleterious effects on the osteoblast cells, which means that the released silver to the peri-implant environment is not toxic making the coating potential for clinical use

目标从银涂层医疗植入物中控制释放作为杀菌剂的银是非常理想的。然而，人们对银浸出物的生物相容性知之甚少。本研究调查了从镀银钛植入物中释放出的银对人类原代成骨细胞的毒性，以及细胞培养基对银的种类和生物利用率的影响。研究方法在 Ti6Al4V 盘上镀银纳米颗粒 (NPs)、银加羟基磷灰石 (HA) 纳米颗粒 (Ag+nHA) 或银纳米颗粒加微颗粒 (Ag+mHA)。原代人成骨细胞暴露于不同圆片的浸出液中长达 7 天。结果：镀银钛盘的浸出液中释放的总银浓度为 0.7-1.6 mg L-1，与处理方法无关。在所有处理中，7 天的累积银释放量约为 3 mg L-1。所有含银处理的细胞匀浆中的总银浓度都不高，第 7 天时为 0.1 µg mg 蛋白-1或更低。与参考对照组相比，细胞显示出正常健康的形态，没有明显的 LDH 或 ALP 活性渗漏到外部培养基中。同样，不同处理间细胞匀浆中的 LDH 或 ALP 活性也无明显差异（Kruskal Wallis，p >0.05）。结论：总体而言，外部介质中的银释放量是可控的，但仍具有生物相容性，对成骨细胞没有有害影响，这意味着释放到种植体周围环境中的银没有毒性，因此该涂层具有临床应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Successful treatment of metformin and rodenticide intoxication with prolonged hemodialysis and methylene blue: A case report 通过长期血液透析和亚甲蓝成功治疗二甲双胍和杀鼠剂中毒：病例报告

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101764

Mustafa Bozkurt , Mustafa Sabak

Metformin is a first-line treatment for diabetes mellitus. In cases of suicidal overdose or chronic accumulation, lactic acidosis may develop and, if untreated, can be fatal. Renal replacement therapy plays a key role in reversing the condition. Refractory hypotension may be encountered both in the presentation of intoxication cases and as a complication of renal replacement therapy. Methylene blue is recommended to improve blood pressure in such cases. A 25-year-old male presented to the emergency department after ingesting a high dose of metformin and around 20 g of rodenticide in a suicide attempt. On admission, his condition was poor, tachycardic, with a blood pressure of 98/42 mmHg. Blood gas analysis revealed a pH of 7.015, pCO2 22.6 mmHg, pO2 64.4 mmHg, base excess −23.4 mmol/L, HCO3 5.5 mmol/L, and lactate 23 mmol/L. Conventional treatments failed, so intermittent hemodialysis was performed. Methylene blue was given for persistent hypotension, stabilizing his hemodynamics. The rodenticide contained difenacoum, a superwarfarin, but laboratory results showed no need for intervention, and no bleeding signs were observed. Blood gas values normalized during his stay in the toxicology unit. After failing a weaning trial, he tested positive for COVID-19 and was transferred to the ICU. After 23 days of care in the emergency and ICU, he was discharged in good health. Lactic acidosis from metformin overdose is a serious condition, and renal replacement therapy can significantly improve survival. Methylene blue may be beneficial in refractory shock, but further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify its role, especially in cases with combined toxic exposures like rodenticides.

二甲双胍是治疗糖尿病的一线药物。如果自杀性过量服用或长期蓄积，可能会出现乳酸酸中毒，如不及时治疗，可导致死亡。肾脏替代疗法对逆转病情起着关键作用。难治性低血压既可能出现在中毒病例中，也可能是肾脏替代疗法的并发症。在这种情况下，建议使用亚甲蓝来改善血压。一名 25 岁的男性在企图自杀时摄入了大剂量二甲双胍和约 20 克杀鼠剂，随后被送往急诊科。入院时，他的状况很差，心动过速，血压为 98/42 mmHg。血气分析显示 pH 值为 7.015，pCO2 22.6 mmHg，pO2 64.4 mmHg，碱过量 -23.4 mmol/L，HCO3 5.5 mmol/L，乳酸 23 mmol/L。常规治疗无效，因此进行了间歇性血液透析。亚甲蓝用于治疗持续性低血压，稳定了他的血液动力学。灭鼠剂中含有一种超级矮壮素--鼠得克，但实验室结果显示无需干预，也没有观察到出血迹象。在毒物科住院期间，血气值趋于正常。断奶试验失败后，他的 COVID-19 检测呈阳性，被转入重症监护室。在急诊室和重症监护室接受了 23 天的治疗后，他康复出院。二甲双胍过量引起的乳酸酸中毒是一种严重的病症，肾脏替代疗法可以显著提高存活率。亚甲蓝可能对难治性休克有益，但还需要进一步的随机对照试验来明确其作用，尤其是在联合接触杀鼠剂等毒性物质的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

From prescription to pollution: The ecological consequences of NSAIDs in aquatic ecosystems 从处方到污染：非甾体抗炎药在水生生态系统中的生态后果

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101775

Divya Lakshmi S, Vijaya Geetha B, Vibha Murali

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely utilised to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in both human and veterinary medicine. Despite their therapeutic benefits, NSAIDs pose environmental concerns due to their possible ecotoxicity. NSAIDs can enter aquatic ecosystems through wastewater discharge as it is very difficult to extract NSAIDs by conventional wastewater treatment, thus affecting aquatic life. These drugs induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, affect the functioning of endocrine systems, influence behavioural changes, and impair reproduction in fish and other aquatic organisms. This review article also discusses the use of bioindicators such as fish, bivalves, and crustaceans, to estimate NSAIDs exposure in aquatic ecosystems. It emphasises the importance of monitoring these organisms to evaluate potential risks linked with NSAIDs in aquatic environments. Addressing the environmental consequences of NSAIDs requires an inclusive strategy, including regulatory measures, public awareness, and the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to mitigate the risks caused by these widely used pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments.

非甾体抗炎药在人类和兽医中被广泛用于减轻疼痛和消炎。尽管非甾体抗炎药具有治疗效果，但由于其可能具有生态毒性，因此会引起环境问题。非甾体抗炎药可通过废水排放进入水生生态系统，因为传统的废水处理方法很难提取非甾体抗炎药，从而影响水生生物。这些药物会诱发细胞毒性和基因毒性效应，影响内分泌系统的功能，影响行为变化，并损害鱼类和其他水生生物的繁殖。这篇综述文章还讨论了利用鱼类、双壳类动物和甲壳类动物等生物指标来估算水生生态系统中的非甾体抗炎药暴露量。文章强调了监测这些生物以评估水生环境中与非甾体抗炎药相关的潜在风险的重要性。要解决非甾体抗炎药对环境造成的后果，需要采取一种包容性的战略，包括监管措施、提高公众意识和开发环境友好型替代品，以减轻这些广泛使用的药物在水生环境中造成的风险。

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引用次数: 0