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Radiant Wall Cooling for Sheltered Structures in Underdeveloped Countries in Extreme Climates 欠发达国家极端气候条件下遮蔽结构的辐射墙冷却
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-019
Lauren W. Redden, April E. Simons, P. Salinas
Hot and harsh climates of many underdeveloped countries are extremely problematic. People find themselves battling heat exhaustion and premature death caused by unforgiving heat events. The aim of this research is to improve the thermal comfort of Haitian residential shelters through testing radiant wall cooling and sustainable design principles. The research is limited to concentrate on small sheltered structures typically found in locations of low-income families, specifically in Haiti. The researchers focused on through literature review by investigating (1) previous case studies, (2) industry standards means and methods of sustainable construction, and (3) current trends in the host nation residential construction, striving for the most plausible acceptance of residential hybrid technology. The study includes the assemblies of a composite design--i.e., corrugated metal, bamboo and water delivery--to function and achieve a betterment for an interior shelter climate, by constructing a small replica test model. The limited scale model was constructed and tested in an effort to prove or disprove the theory of thermal comfort utilizing radiant wall cooling in hot climates. The model used both host nation common materials, and limited outside technology; thus enabling ease of accessibility to the native people. The testing of the models occurred in three phases; two of which are presented in this paper. The use of Fluke thermal imaging and Fluke temperature and moisture instrumentation were utilized collect data from the models. The findings of this study conclude the integration of such material assemblies are appropriate to change the performance of the interior shelter space during hot climates. It is with these efforts and findings the researchers are encouraged and look to open dialogue among architectural, engineering and building professionals to create new levels of thinking into more exploratory means per each individual host nation’s challenges. These hybrid methods of construction may quickly be implemented and continued long after humanitarian efforts have departed. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Budapest University of Technology and Economics & Diamond Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
许多不发达国家炎热和恶劣的气候是非常严重的问题。人们发现自己正在与无情的高温事件造成的中暑和过早死亡作斗争。本研究的目的是通过测试辐射墙冷却和可持续设计原则来改善海地住宅庇护所的热舒适性。这项研究仅限于通常在低收入家庭中发现的小型遮蔽建筑,特别是在海地。通过文献综述,研究人员重点关注(1)以往的案例研究;(2)可持续建筑的行业标准、手段和方法;(3)东道国住宅建设的当前趋势,力求住宅混合动力技术最合理的接受度。该研究包括复合设计的组件-即。通过构建一个小型的复制测试模型,波纹金属、竹子和水的输送功能和实现对室内庇护气候的改善。为了证明或否定热气候下利用辐射墙制冷的热舒适理论,建立了有限比例模型并进行了测试。该模型既采用了东道国常用材料,又采用了有限的外部技术;从而使当地人更容易接近。模型的测试分三个阶段进行;本文介绍了其中的两种。利用Fluke热成像仪和Fluke温湿度仪对模型进行数据采集。本研究的结果表明,在炎热的气候条件下,这些材料组件的集成可以适当地改变室内遮蔽空间的性能。正是有了这些努力和发现,研究人员受到鼓舞,并希望在建筑、工程和建筑专业人士之间展开对话,以针对每个东道国面临的挑战,创造新的思维水平,采用更具探索性的方式。这些混合施工方法可能很快得到实施,并在人道主义工作结束后长期继续下去。©2019作者。由布达佩斯科技经济大学和钻石大会有限公司出版。由2019创意建设大会科学委员会负责同行评审。
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引用次数: 0
Combining BIM and Last Planner on Construction Sites: an Investigation of the Related Challenges BIM与建筑工地最后规划师的结合:相关挑战的调查
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/CCC2019-113
Yaya Pitti, Conrad Boton, D. Forgues
The construction industry is facing a gradual but important transformation towards more productivity and collaboration. In this framework, two major approaches are often cited in the literature as having the potential to improve the practices in the industry: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction. Several scientific studies have demonstrated the synergy of these two approaches and very recent research has reported positive results from the use of software applications as support for their implementation on construction sites. However, the stakes of such integration have been very little studied. This article presents the results of a research project conducted within a general contractor firm that decided to implement BIM and Last Planner System (LPS) on its construction sites. The research uses a four-stage action research approach, including the characterization of the research issue, the establishment of an action plan, its implementation and its evaluation. Compared to recent related studies, the research is less enthusiastic. While it highlights the need for new tools to improve production planning and control, it also points to a strong resistance to change by practitioners at the site. They emphasize the necessity for adequate pre-service training and the need for new resources that can work full-time on the ongoing training of site teams. In addition, some limitations of the tool lead workers to believe that it can quickly become a factor that slows down their daily work rather than improving it.
建筑行业正面临着一个渐进但重要的转变,即向更高的生产力和协作方向转变。在这个框架中,文献中经常引用两种主要方法,它们具有改进行业实践的潜力:建筑信息模型(BIM)和精益建筑。一些科学研究已经证明了这两种方法的协同作用,最近的研究报告了使用软件应用程序作为在建筑工地实施的支持的积极结果。然而,很少有人研究这种整合的利害关系。本文介绍了在一家总承包商公司内进行的研究项目的结果,该公司决定在其建筑工地实施BIM和最后规划师系统(LPS)。本研究采用四阶段行动研究方法,包括研究问题的特征、行动计划的制定、行动计划的实施和评估。与近年来的相关研究相比,该研究缺乏热情。虽然它强调了需要新的工具来改善生产计划和控制,但它也指出了现场从业者对变革的强烈抵制。他们强调有必要进行充分的职前培训,并需要新的资源,以便全时进行现场小组的持续培训。此外,该工具的一些局限性使工人认为,它可以很快成为一个因素,减慢他们的日常工作,而不是提高它。
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引用次数: 4
A Framework for Lean Construction Supply Chain; Bibliometric Analysis Approach 精益建筑供应链框架研究文献计量分析方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-024
T. Osunsanmi, C. Aigbavboa, Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke
Lean construction supply chain is a project management technique adopted from the manufacturing sector aimed at improving the performance of the construction industry. However, it’s implementation is confronted with some barriers in the construction industry such as; poor understanding of lean concept and absence of framework explaining the application. Therefore, this study developed a framework for lean construction supply chain adopting a bibliometric analysis approach. Bibliometric analysis is a statistical analysis of articles for revealing the school of thought, issues and problems in an area of study. The articles adopted for the analysis of this study were extracted from Scopus, Google Scholar and other online databases. The retrieved articles were inputted into VOS viewer software to reveal the network analysis. The analysis showed the significant countries and school of thought supporting the lean construction supply chain. The findings from the analysis showed that the construction industry in most African countries is slow towards the adoption of the lean concept. The network analysis showed that the practice of lean construction supply chain revolves around waste reduction, just in time, integration and pre-fabrication. This practice formed the variables used for developing the framework. The study recommends that further research should be conducted to validate the framework developed from the study. The study contributes to improving the practice of lean thinking within the construction industry.
精益建筑供应链是从制造业采用的项目管理技术,旨在提高建筑行业的绩效。然而,在建筑行业,它的实施面临着一些障碍,如;对精益概念的理解不足,缺乏解释应用的框架。因此,本研究采用文献计量分析方法开发了精益建筑供应链框架。文献计量分析是对文章进行统计分析,以揭示某一研究领域的思想流派、问题和问题。本研究分析采用的文章摘自Scopus、Google Scholar等在线数据库。将检索到的文章输入到VOS查看软件中,以显示网络分析。分析显示了支持精益建筑供应链的重要国家和学派。分析的结果表明,大多数非洲国家的建筑业在采用精益概念方面进展缓慢。网络分析表明,精益建筑供应链的实践围绕着减少浪费,及时,集成和预制。这个实践形成了用于开发框架的变量。该研究建议,应进行进一步的研究,以验证从研究中得出的框架。该研究有助于提高精益思维在建筑行业的实践。
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引用次数: 0
Mining Daily Work Report Data for Detecting Patterns of Construction Sequences 挖掘日工报表数据,检测施工序列模式
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-079
K. Shrestha, Chau Le, H. D. Jeong, Tuyen Le
Sequencing construction activities in highway projects is a complex planning process which requires not only considerable knowledge and practical experience of the planner/scheduler about various relevant aspects, such as the activities themselves, construction and procurement processes, and construction methods, but also input from other key members of the project regarding specific constraints and requirements. Moreover, sequencing is an iterative process; the sequence developed in the planning phase is likely to change in the construction phase. Therefore, learning from as-built schedules of past completed projects is needed to improve the planning and scheduling processes for future projects. In current practices, most state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) still mainly rely on schedulers’ experience for schedule development. A data-driven systematic approach is still lacking, although the highway agencies have been spending a significant amount of money, time, and effort to collect various digital data during the construction process. This study aims to leverage historical digital daily work report data available in the DOTs’ database to detect patterns of construction sequences in highway projects. Daily work report data collected from a state DOT were used to conduct a case study that developed a Sequential Pattern Mining algorithm to extract frequent sequential relationships among the activities for one major type of highway projects. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
公路项目施工活动排序是一个复杂的规划过程,不仅需要规划人员/调度人员对活动本身、施工和采购流程、施工方法等各个相关方面有相当多的知识和实践经验,还需要项目其他关键成员对具体约束和要求的投入。此外,排序是一个迭代过程;在规划阶段制定的顺序很可能在施工阶段发生变化。因此,需要从过去已完成项目的已建成时间表中学习,以改进未来项目的计划和调度过程。在目前的实践中,大多数州交通部门(DOTs)仍然主要依靠调度人员的经验来制定计划。尽管高速公路机构在建设过程中花费了大量的金钱、时间和精力来收集各种数字数据,但数据驱动的系统方法仍然缺乏。本研究旨在利用DOTs数据库中可用的历史数字日常工作报告数据来检测公路项目施工顺序的模式。从州DOT收集的每日工作报告数据用于进行案例研究,该研究开发了一种顺序模式挖掘算法,以提取一种主要类型公路项目活动之间的频繁顺序关系。由2019创意建设大会科学委员会负责同行评审。
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引用次数: 2
The Mind Mapping Technique in Project Management 项目管理中的思维导图技术
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-064
M. Bochenek
This article presents the mind mapping technique which, despite many potential benefits, is still infrequently used in project management. The case study provides practical examples for use of the mind mapping technique when implemented in construction projects. The results of this study showed that the mind mapping technique helps project managers solve problems, define the scope of a project, schedule packages, and manage teams more effectively. Further, mind maps are useful for creating project plans, and for analysing existing plans so that they are easily understandable. This study concludes that the mind mapping technique is a creative and useful tool for project managers. The mind mapping technique enables the project manager to gather, manage, share, and communicate information quickly and easily.
本文介绍了思维导图技术,尽管它有许多潜在的好处,但在项目管理中仍然很少使用。案例研究为思维导图技术在建筑项目中的应用提供了实际的例子。这项研究的结果表明,思维导图技术帮助项目经理解决问题,定义项目范围,计划包,并更有效地管理团队。此外,思维导图对于创建项目计划和分析现有计划很有用,这样它们就很容易理解。本研究的结论是,思维导图技术是一个创造性的和有用的工具,为项目经理。思维导图技术使项目经理能够快速、轻松地收集、管理、共享和交流信息。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking the Complex Refurbishment Project Attributes for Building Information Modelling (BIM) Adoption
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-123
A. Okakpu, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, J. Tookey, J. Haar, Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini, A. Rehman, Tongrui Zhang, Dat Tien Doa
Uptake of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for complex refurbishment projects is foreseen as an essential resolution which will possibly increase the BIM adoption rate and eventually play a major role in transforming the construction industry. This anticipation is primarily based on the success of BIM with regards to complex construction operations, management, performance and productivity improvement. Various architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) key players have promoted the adoption of BIM and highlighted its significance in enhancing project delivery. Despite the envisaged benefits and feasibility of BIM adoption for complex refurbishment projects, many small and medium enterprises (SME) are still reluctant towards BIM. Though the incorporation of BIM in the New Zealand context is also similarly expected to move the construction industry forward, little has been reported in the literature to address the impact of refurbishment project attributes towards BIM adoption. A case study of tertiary education multipurpose facility project is adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with informed project stakeholders and BIM experts outside the project based in New Zealand with the aim to identify refurbishment projects attribute and how it contributes to BIM adoption barriers for refurbishment project stakeholders in the construction industry in New Zealand. The benefit of this study is that it leverages the traditional refurbishment practice towards being BIM capable, and thus enable BIM uptake for refurbishment project stakeholders at the pre-maturity stage in New Zealand tertiary institutions.
在复杂的翻新项目中采用建筑信息模型(BIM)被认为是一项重要的解决方案,这可能会提高BIM的采用率,并最终在建筑行业的转型中发挥重要作用。这种预期主要基于BIM在复杂施工操作、管理、性能和生产力改进方面的成功。各种建筑、工程和建设(AEC)的主要参与者都在推动BIM的采用,并强调其在提高项目交付方面的重要性。尽管在复杂的翻新项目中采用BIM具有预期的好处和可行性,但许多中小型企业(SME)仍然不愿意采用BIM。虽然BIM在新西兰的应用也同样有望推动建筑业的发展,但文献中很少有关于翻新项目属性对BIM采用的影响的报道。以某高等教育多功能设施项目为例进行了分析。与知情的项目利益相关者和项目外的BIM专家进行了半结构化访谈,目的是确定翻新项目的属性,以及它如何有助于新西兰建筑行业翻新项目利益相关者采用BIM的障碍。这项研究的好处是,它利用了传统的翻新实践,使其具备BIM能力,从而使新西兰高等院校的翻新项目利益相关者能够在前期阶段采用BIM。
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引用次数: 0
The Transportation Management Framework for the Polokwane Local Municipality During the Zion Christian Church Easter Weekend Pilgrimage 锡安基督教堂复活节周末朝圣期间Polokwane地方市政当局的交通管理框架
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-066
A. Mathebula, J. Smallwood
The high volume of traffic to the Holy City of Moria during the Easter weekend could be graphically described as taxing to both the motorists and pilgrims. The rationale for the study was to understand, investigate, analyse and describe the role of the Polokwane Local Municipality (PLM) in the planning and the execution of the Zion Christian Church (ZCC) Easter weekend pilgrimage with a view to reducing vehicular traffic. The PLM is home to the Zion Christian Church (ZCC), that hosts one of the biggest mass gathering event on the African continent, but researchers and the media have paid little or no attention to this pilgrimage which attracts more than 15 million pilgrims during the Easter weekend. It is notable that a mass gathering is an event attended by enough people to strain the planning and response resources of a community, state or nation. The researchers adopted an action research strategy with the view to carving out a lasting solution to the management of the high volume of vehicular traffic during the Easter weekend pilgrimage. Judgemental or purposive sampling was chosen over other available sampling methods due to the few experienced municipality employees who work closely with the church in the planning of the pilgrimage. Eight themes emerged during the interaction between the researchers and the municipality. The study graphically showed that there was a lack of synergy between the ZCC and the municipality in the execution of the pilgrimage. The research findings suggested that; traffic congestion was attributable to a vehicular-centric approach to transport planning in South Africa. The heavy reliance on vehicular transportation by South Africans is a cause of road accidents. The study recommended an introduction of a pilgrim train for the church with a view to reducing vehicular traffic congestion during the Easter weekend pilgrimage for the collective good of both the motorists and the pilgrims. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
复活节周末期间前往圣城摩里亚的大量交通可以形象地描述为对驾车者和朝圣者都是一种负担。这项研究的基本原理是理解、调查、分析和描述Polokwane地方市政当局(PLM)在锡安基督教会(ZCC)复活节周末朝圣的规划和执行中的作用,以减少车辆交通。PLM是锡安基督教会(ZCC)的所在地,它举办了非洲大陆上最大的群众聚会活动之一,但研究人员和媒体很少或根本没有关注这个在复活节周末吸引超过1500万朝圣者的朝圣之旅。值得注意的是,大规模集会是一个有足够多的人参加的活动,使一个社区、州或国家的规划和应对资源紧张。研究人员采用了一种行动研究策略,以期为复活节周末朝圣期间的大量车辆交通管理找到一个持久的解决方案。由于少数有经验的市政雇员在朝圣计划中与教堂密切合作,因此选择了判断性或有目的的抽样,而不是其他可用的抽样方法。在研究人员和市政当局之间的互动中,出现了八个主题。该研究图形显示,在朝圣的执行中,ZCC和市政当局之间缺乏协同作用。研究结果表明;交通拥挤是由于南非以车辆为中心的运输规划办法造成的。南非人对汽车运输的严重依赖是造成道路事故的一个原因。研究建议为教堂引入朝圣列车,以减少复活节周末朝圣期间的交通挤塞,为驾车人士和朝圣者带来共同利益。由2019创意建设大会科学委员会负责同行评审。
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引用次数: 0
Resource-Constrained Scheduling in Repetitive Projects 重复项目中的资源约束调度
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-083
A. Chassiakos, Marialena Koptsopoulou, S. P. Deligianni
The optimal allocation of resources is a critical factor for the successful implementation of construction projects since it ensures stability in the work execution. Resource allocation is a complex optimization analysis, especially when it comes to linear or repetitive projects. In such projects, the Line of Balance scheduling method is preferred to the CPM-based scheduling. This study aims at developing a multi-objective model for optimizing resource allocation in such type of projects under different objective criteria and problem constraints. The practical implications of each criterion in terms of project cost are considered to provide some guidance on what criterion may be more suitable under particular circumstances. The optimization is obtained through a genetic algorithm formulation implemented in a spreadsheet form and with the use of a commercial optimization software. Indicative evaluation results are presented on the basis of a case study and show that criteria involving as decision parameters the cumulative exceedance of resources above a given resource availability threshold or the total number of resource movements in and out of the project may be the most appropriate to simulate actual costs and provide effective resource allocation solutions.
资源的优化配置是建设项目顺利实施的关键因素,它保证了工程执行的稳定性。资源分配是一个复杂的优化分析,特别是当涉及到线性或重复的项目时。在此类项目中,采用平衡线调度方法优于基于cpm的调度方法。本研究旨在建立在不同客观标准和问题约束下的此类项目资源优化配置的多目标模型。每项准则在项目成本方面的实际影响都被考虑,以便为在特定情况下哪种准则可能更合适提供一些指导。利用商业优化软件,通过电子表格形式实现的遗传算法公式获得优化。指示性评价结果是在个案研究的基础上提出的,这些结果表明,作为决策参数的标准可能是最适合模拟实际成本和提供有效的资源分配解决办法的,这些标准包括资源的累积超出给定资源可用性阈值或项目内外资源流动的总数。
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引用次数: 0
Exploiting Automated Technologies for Reduction of Rework in Construction Housing Supply Chain 利用自动化技术减少建筑房屋供应链的返工
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-008
Mehdi Shahparvari, H. Robinson, D. Fong, O. J. Ebohon
Housing has been experiencing significant rework within the supply chain. Rework has afflicted both cost and schedule of projects due to the complex environment, intricate activities and highly fragmented nature of housing supply chain. Housing supply chain generate immense data and share information with different parties, which contribute to multitude of countless challenges. As a result of rework, productivity and workflow of information in construction supply chain has been affected with a catalogue of problems for the past few decades. Automation in construction supply chain with novel technological and analytical strategies has aspired industry to improve the productivity and change the trajectory of traditional, manual and analogue way of processing. The aim of this study is to explore possible opportunities of employing new technologies and challenges involved in utilising automated technologies for minimising rework in housing supply chain. The research methodology is based on a review of literature to investigate automated technologies to eliminate rework in housing supply chain. A conceptual framework is proposed to determine the suitability of various technologies to fully automate housing supply chain and facilitate the reduction of rework in construction housing supply chain. All rights are reserved for Diamond Congress Ltd., Budapest, Hungary, except the right of the authors to (re)publish their materials wherever they decide. This book is a working material for the Creative Construction Conference 2019
住房在供应链中经历了重大的改造。由于复杂的环境、复杂的活动和房屋供应链的高度碎片化,返工影响了项目的成本和进度。住房供应链产生了大量的数据,并与各方共享信息,这带来了无数的挑战。在过去的几十年里,由于返工的影响,建筑供应链的生产效率和信息工作流程受到了一系列问题的影响。建筑供应链自动化以新颖的技术和分析策略促使行业提高生产力,改变传统的人工和模拟处理方式的轨迹。本研究的目的是探索采用新技术的可能机会,以及利用自动化技术最大限度地减少住房供应链中的返工所涉及的挑战。研究方法是基于文献综述,以调查自动化技术,以消除住房供应链中的返工。提出了一个概念性框架,以确定各种技术对房屋供应链完全自动化的适用性,并促进减少建筑房屋供应链中的返工。所有权利归Diamond Congress Ltd., Budapest, Hungary所有,除了作者有权在他们决定的任何地方(重新)发表他们的材料。这本书是2019年创意建设会议的工作材料
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引用次数: 2
A roadmap to achieving readiness for macro adoption of distributed ledger technology (DLT) in the construction industry 为建筑行业宏观采用分布式账本技术(DLT)做好准备的路线图
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3311/ccc2019-001
Jennifer Li, M. Kassem
Applications and uses cases of distributed ledger technology (DLT) are increasingly attracting interest in the construction industry. However, DLT in construction is still considered a nascent field of research and practical applications of DLT in construction are at the very early readiness stages. This paper builds on a previously developed socio-technical systems framework for DLT in construction (i.e. Li et al., 2019) built on four dimensions of technical, process, policy and social, and proposes a roadmap to achieving readiness for macro adoption of DLT in the construction industry. First, the paper reviews existing readiness and adoption models and technology roadmaps for new technological innovations in the context of DLT highlighting their strengths and detailing why they are not suitable for DLT. Then, drawing on experience of existing models as a basis, it proposes a four-stage roadmap to readiness for adoption of DLT in the construction industry. The four-stage DLT Roadmap incorporates Conceptualisation, Appraisal, Preparation and Implementation. This roadmap is intended to provide the industry with a comprehensive framework to support adoption and diffusion of DLT for specific use cases. Future work will involve proposal of guidelines for each of the four dimensions across the four-stage DLT Roadmap and testing through workshop-identified use cases of DLT in construction. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Budapest University of Technology and Economics & Diamond Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
分布式账本技术(DLT)的应用和用例越来越吸引建筑行业的兴趣。然而,DLT在建筑领域仍然被认为是一个新兴的研究领域,DLT在建筑领域的实际应用还处于非常早期的准备阶段。本文建立在先前开发的建筑DLT社会技术系统框架(即Li等人,2019)的基础上,该框架建立在技术、流程、政策和社会四个维度上,并提出了一个路线图,以实现在建筑行业宏观采用DLT的准备。首先,本文回顾了DLT背景下新技术创新的现有准备和采用模型以及技术路线图,突出了它们的优势,并详细说明了它们不适合DLT的原因。然后,以现有模式的经验为基础,提出了一个四阶段的路线图,以准备在建筑行业采用DLT。DLT路线图分为四个阶段,包括概念化、评估、准备和实施。该路线图旨在为行业提供一个全面的框架,以支持DLT在特定用例中的采用和推广。未来的工作将涉及为四阶段DLT路线图中的四个维度中的每个维度提出指导方针,并通过研讨会确定的DLT在建设中的用例进行测试。©2019作者。由布达佩斯科技经济大学和钻石大会有限公司出版。由2019创意建设大会科学委员会负责同行评审。
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引用次数: 4
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Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019
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