Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66873-7
Zhe BAI , Jia-hao HE , Ming-xing WANG , Yue-xin HAN , Yong-sheng SUN , Shuai YUAN , Jian-ping JIN
Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale, a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-industrial trials were conducted. Vanadium in raw ore mainly exists in sericite, roscoelite, and limonite, predominantly in the forms of V(III) and V(IV). Under the conditions of a feed rate of 30 kg/h, an air flow rate of 28.0 m3/h, an O2 flow rate of 4.0 m3/h, and a temperature of 900 °C in both the suspension furnace and fluidized reactor, the vanadium-bearing mica underwent dehydroxylation and transformed into illite-montmorillonite. These changes disrupted the crystal structure of mica, facilitating vanadium extraction. Compared to direct acid leaching, curing-leaching demonstrates better performance in vanadium extraction. Under the conditions of curing temperature of 130 °C, acid dosage of 40 wt.%, curing time of 6 h, and leaching time of 3 h, a V2O5 leaching efficiency of 83.92% was achieved.
{"title":"Pilot-scale case study on vanadium extraction from vanadium-bearing shale using suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process","authors":"Zhe BAI , Jia-hao HE , Ming-xing WANG , Yue-xin HAN , Yong-sheng SUN , Shuai YUAN , Jian-ping JIN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66873-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66873-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale, a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-industrial trials were conducted. Vanadium in raw ore mainly exists in sericite, roscoelite, and limonite, predominantly in the forms of V(III) and V(IV). Under the conditions of a feed rate of 30 kg/h, an air flow rate of 28.0 m<sup>3</sup>/h, an O<sub>2</sub> flow rate of 4.0 m<sup>3</sup>/h, and a temperature of 900 °C in both the suspension furnace and fluidized reactor, the vanadium-bearing mica underwent dehydroxylation and transformed into illite-montmorillonite. These changes disrupted the crystal structure of mica, facilitating vanadium extraction. Compared to direct acid leaching, curing-leaching demonstrates better performance in vanadium extraction. Under the conditions of curing temperature of 130 °C, acid dosage of 40 wt.%, curing time of 6 h, and leaching time of 3 h, a V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> leaching efficiency of 83.92% was achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 3161-3178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66855-5
Xu ZHANG , Zhi WANG , Feng-ming QIANG , Wen WANG , Peng HAN , Ting ZHANG , Qiang LIU , Yi LIU , Ke-yue HUO , Kuai-she WANG , Ke QIAO
A ZM51 magnesium alloy joint with high intensity and thermal conductivity was fabricated using friction stir welding (FSW) followed by aging heat treatment (AG). During the FSW process, β′1 andβ′2 phases formed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), yet new phases were absent in both the stirring zone (SZ) and thermal mechanical affected zone (TMAZ). After AG, numerousβ′1 andβ′2 phases emerged in the SZ and the TMAZ of the joint, while only theβ′2 phase precipitated in the HAZ. Due to precipitation strengthening, the average microhardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the joint reached up to 98%, 94% and 88% those of the base metal (BM), respectively. Notably, basal slip, and twinning at and were more prevalent in TMAZ, contributing to the joint’s fracture. Furthermore, the precipitation of β′1andβ′2 phases enhanced the joint’s thermal conductivity, averaging 121.7 W/(m·K), being 112% that of BM.
{"title":"ZM51 magnesium alloy joint with high strength and thermalconductivity fabricated via friction stir welding and aging","authors":"Xu ZHANG , Zhi WANG , Feng-ming QIANG , Wen WANG , Peng HAN , Ting ZHANG , Qiang LIU , Yi LIU , Ke-yue HUO , Kuai-she WANG , Ke QIAO","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66855-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66855-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ZM51 magnesium alloy joint with high intensity and thermal conductivity was fabricated using friction stir welding (FSW) followed by aging heat treatment (AG). During the FSW process, <em>β′</em><sub>1</sub> and<em>β′</em><sub>2</sub> phases formed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), yet new phases were absent in both the stirring zone (SZ) and thermal mechanical affected zone (TMAZ). After AG, numerous<em>β′</em><sub>1</sub> and<em>β′</em><sub>2</sub> phases emerged in the SZ and the TMAZ of the joint, while only the<em>β′</em><sub>2</sub> phase precipitated in the HAZ. Due to precipitation strengthening, the average microhardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the joint reached up to 98%, 94% and 88% those of the base metal (BM), respectively. Notably, basal slip, and twinning at and were more prevalent in TMAZ, contributing to the joint’s fracture. Furthermore, the precipitation of <em>β′</em><sub>1</sub>and<em>β′</em><sub>2</sub> phases enhanced the joint’s thermal conductivity, averaging 121.7 W/(m·K), being 112% that of BM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 2886-2902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66859-2
Lai-qi ZHANG , Kun HE , Qiang GAO
High Nb β/γ-TiAl (HNBG) intermetallics and Ni-based superalloy (IN718) were diffusion-bonded using pure Ti foil interlayer under pulse current. The microstructure, element segregation, and mechanical properties of HNBG/Ti/IN718 joint were investigated. The effect of Ti interlayer on microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint was discussed. The typical microstructure of HNBG/Ti/IN718 joint was HNBG//β/B2, τ3-NiAl3Ti2//α2-Ti3Al//α-Ti+δ-NiTi2, β-Ti//δ-NiTi2//β2-(Ni,Fe)Ti//Cr/Fe-rich η-Ni3Ti, η-Ni3Ti, α-Cr, δ-Ni3Nb//η-Ni3Ti, γ-Ni, δ-Ni3Nb//IN718. The gaps and Kirkendall voids exhibited a gradual disappearance with increasing bonding temperature. The mechanism of Cr, Fe and Nb elements segregation was that NiTi phase hindered the diffusion of them. The nano-indentation results demonstrated that diffusion zones on IN718 alloy side had higher hardness. The maximum shear strength of the joint (326 MPa) was achieved at bonding parameters of 850 °C, 20 min and 10 MPa. The fracture occurred in Zones IV and V, and the fracture modes were brittle fracture and cleavage fracture. The introduction of Ti interlayer resulted in improved microstructure and enhanced bonding strength of the joint.
{"title":"Diffusion bonding of high Nb β/γ-TiAlintermetallics to Ni-based superalloy using Ti interlayer under pulse current","authors":"Lai-qi ZHANG , Kun HE , Qiang GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66859-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66859-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Nb <em>β</em>/<em>γ</em>-TiAl (HNBG) intermetallics and Ni-based superalloy (IN718) were diffusion-bonded using pure Ti foil interlayer under pulse current. The microstructure, element segregation, and mechanical properties of HNBG/Ti/IN718 joint were investigated. The effect of Ti interlayer on microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint was discussed. The typical microstructure of HNBG/Ti/IN718 joint was HNBG//<em>β</em>/<em>B</em>2, <em>τ</em><sub>3</sub>-NiAl<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>//<em>α</em><sub>2</sub>-Ti<sub>3</sub>Al//<em>α</em>-Ti+<em>δ</em>-NiTi<sub>2</sub>, <em>β</em>-Ti//<em>δ</em>-NiTi<sub>2</sub>//<em>β</em><sub>2</sub>-(Ni,Fe)Ti//Cr/Fe-rich <em>η</em>-Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti, <em>η</em>-Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti, <em>α</em>-Cr, <em>δ</em>-Ni<sub>3</sub>Nb//<em>η</em>-Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti, <em>γ</em>-Ni, <em>δ</em>-Ni<sub>3</sub>Nb//IN718. The gaps and Kirkendall voids exhibited a gradual disappearance with increasing bonding temperature. The mechanism of Cr, Fe and Nb elements segregation was that NiTi phase hindered the diffusion of them. The nano-indentation results demonstrated that diffusion zones on IN718 alloy side had higher hardness. The maximum shear strength of the joint (326 MPa) was achieved at bonding parameters of 850 °C, 20 min and 10 MPa. The fracture occurred in Zones IV and V, and the fracture modes were brittle fracture and cleavage fracture. The introduction of Ti interlayer resulted in improved microstructure and enhanced bonding strength of the joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 2954-2968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66862-2
Chao WANG , Wei-zheng AN , Qiang MA , Xiang WANG , Jia-xin LI , Zhao-yang LIANG , Qi-dong NIE
In order to develop a marine engineering material with excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, a novel non-equiatomic Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.6 high-entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated through mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The results revealed that the sintering temperature significantly affected the microstructure and phase composition of the HEA owing to the diffusion rate, homogenization, and sluggish diffusion effect of metal atoms. At sintering temperatures below 1050 °C, HEA mainly consisted of face-centered cubic (FCC), Ni3Ti (ε), Ni2.67Ti1.33 (R), and Fe-Cr (σ) phases. The microstructure of alloy comprised coarse dendritic crystals, whose content and size gradually decreased with increasing sintering temperature. However, the HEA sintered above 1100 °C contained only fine equiaxed crystals. HEA sintered at 1100 °C featured only the FCC solid solution, while the ε-phase precipitated at temperatures above 1150 °C. At a sintering temperature of 1050 °C, the alloy microstructure consisted of short rod-like dendrites and fine equiaxed crystals. This alloy achieved the highest yield strength of 1198.71 MPa owing to the effects of precipitation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening. Meanwhile, HEA sintered above 1050 °C exhibited significantly improved corrosion resistance. Considering the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties, 1050 °C was identified as the optimal sintering temperature for Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.6 HEA.
{"title":"Effects of sintering temperature on microstructural evolution and properties of Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.6 high-entropy alloy","authors":"Chao WANG , Wei-zheng AN , Qiang MA , Xiang WANG , Jia-xin LI , Zhao-yang LIANG , Qi-dong NIE","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66862-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66862-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to develop a marine engineering material with excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, a novel non-equiatomic Co<sub>1.5</sub>CrFeNi<sub>1.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.6</sub> high-entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated through mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The results revealed that the sintering temperature significantly affected the microstructure and phase composition of the HEA owing to the diffusion rate, homogenization, and sluggish diffusion effect of metal atoms. At sintering temperatures below 1050 °C, HEA mainly consisted of face-centered cubic (FCC), Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti (<em>ε</em>), Ni<sub>2.67</sub>Ti<sub>1.33</sub> (<em>R</em>), and Fe-Cr (<em>σ</em>) phases. The microstructure of alloy comprised coarse dendritic crystals, whose content and size gradually decreased with increasing sintering temperature. However, the HEA sintered above 1100 °C contained only fine equiaxed crystals. HEA sintered at 1100 °C featured only the FCC solid solution, while the <em>ε</em>-phase precipitated at temperatures above 1150 °C. At a sintering temperature of 1050 °C, the alloy microstructure consisted of short rod-like dendrites and fine equiaxed crystals. This alloy achieved the highest yield strength of 1198.71 MPa owing to the effects of precipitation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening. Meanwhile, HEA sintered above 1050 °C exhibited significantly improved corrosion resistance. Considering the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties, 1050 °C was identified as the optimal sintering temperature for Co<sub>1.5</sub>CrFeNi<sub>1.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.6</sub> HEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 3000-3019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66849-X
Man-peng LIN , Han-dong JIAO , Rui YUAN , Le-yang LI , Lin-lin WANG , Rui-yang SUN , Dong-hua TIAN , Shu-qiang JIAO
The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community. For this purpose, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are valued as electrolytes for their advantages of low operating temperature and wide electrochemical windows. At present, there is large amount of literature on this emerging field, but there are no specialized reviews of these studies. Here, after a brief introduction of DESs’ concept and history, we comprehensively reviewed the lastest progress on the metal/alloy electrodeposition in DESs. Additionally, we discussed the key influence factors of the electrodeposition process and analyzedthe corresponding mechanisms. Based on these, we emphasized the importance of the establishment of predictive models for dealing with the challenges in large-scale applications.
{"title":"Recent progress on electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Man-peng LIN , Han-dong JIAO , Rui YUAN , Le-yang LI , Lin-lin WANG , Rui-yang SUN , Dong-hua TIAN , Shu-qiang JIAO","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66849-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66849-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community. For this purpose, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are valued as electrolytes for their advantages of low operating temperature and wide electrochemical windows. At present, there is large amount of literature on this emerging field, but there are no specialized reviews of these studies. Here, after a brief introduction of DESs’ concept and history, we comprehensively reviewed the lastest progress on the metal/alloy electrodeposition in DESs. Additionally, we discussed the key influence factors of the electrodeposition process and analyzedthe corresponding mechanisms. Based on these, we emphasized the importance of the establishment of predictive models for dealing with the challenges in large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 2803-2821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to systematically investigate the impact of rapid cold stamping on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of spray-formed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys under ambient conditions. The results reveal that the dislocation density increases with successive cold stamping passes, the volume fraction of the secondary phase (Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)₂) increases from 15.64% to 23.94%, and the average size decreases from 1.41 to 0.75 μm. The pinning effect of the secondary phases on dislocations promotes a significant transformation from low-angle grain boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries, resulting in the average grain size decreasing from 5.75 to 0.97 μm. The strength and hardness of the samples increase with successive cold stamping passes, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and secondary phase strengthening.
{"title":"Effect of rapid cold stamping on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy","authors":"Cai-he FAN, Ji LI, Shuang-jun YANG, Ze-yi HU, Qin WU, Ling OU, Shuai WU","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66852-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66852-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to systematically investigate the impact of rapid cold stamping on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of spray-formed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys under ambient conditions. The results reveal that the dislocation density increases with successive cold stamping passes, the volume fraction of the secondary phase (Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)₂) increases from 15.64% to 23.94%, and the average size decreases from 1.41 to 0.75 μm. The pinning effect of the secondary phases on dislocations promotes a significant transformation from low-angle grain boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries, resulting in the average grain size decreasing from 5.75 to 0.97 μm. The strength and hardness of the samples increase with successive cold stamping passes, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and secondary phase strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 2846-2858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66867-1
Chang LUO , Zi-gang WANG , Yi-chao WANG , Shuai-ju MENG , Hui YU , Wei-min ZHAO , Chun-ling QIN , Zhi-feng WANG
Ga2O3 is considered a potentialanode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and unique self-healing capability. To develop a novel preparation method and in-depth understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of Ga2O3, a brand-new liquid-liquid dealloying strategy was exploited to construct porous α-Ga2O3 nanowire networks. Profiting from the well-designed porous structure, the material exhibits impressive cycling stability of a reversible capacity of 603.9 mA·h/g after 200 cycles at 1000 mA/g and a capacity retention of 125.2 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at 0.5C when assembling to Ga2O3//LiFePO4 full cells. The lithiation/delithiation reaction mechanism of the porous Ga2O3 anodes is further revealed by ex-situ Raman, XRD, TEM measurements, and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, which establishes a correlation between the electrochemical performance and the phase transition from α-Ga2O3 to β-Ga2O3 during cycling.
{"title":"Preparation of porous α-Ga2O3 nanowires by dealloying of Ga-based liquid metals to enhance cycling stability for lithium storage","authors":"Chang LUO , Zi-gang WANG , Yi-chao WANG , Shuai-ju MENG , Hui YU , Wei-min ZHAO , Chun-ling QIN , Zhi-feng WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66867-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66867-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is considered a potentialanode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and unique self-healing capability. To develop a novel preparation method and in-depth understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, a brand-new liquid-liquid dealloying strategy was exploited to construct porous <em>α</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowire networks. Profiting from the well-designed porous structure, the material exhibits impressive cycling stability of a reversible capacity of 603.9 mA·h/g after 200 cycles at 1000 mA/g and a capacity retention of 125.2 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at 0.5<em>C</em> when assembling to Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>//LiFePO<sub>4</sub> full cells. The lithiation/delithiation reaction mechanism of the porous Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> anodes is further revealed by ex-situ Raman, XRD, TEM measurements, and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, which establishes a correlation between the electrochemical performance and the phase transition from <em>α</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> during cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 9","pages":"Pages 3074-3092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66844-0
Di-quan LI , Yun-qi ZHU , Wei-tian WU , Yan-fang HU , Tie-gang TONG
Traditional controlled source electromagnetic methods (CSEM) typically collect specific single-component of the total magnetic field intensity, leading to zero-value bands, narrow azimuthal detection ranges, and angular detections. An innovative detection strategy that utilized both the horizontal and total magnetic field intensities was introduced in this work. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the impact of sensor angular deviations on single-component and horizontal magnetic field intensities. Notably, the horizontal magnetic field intensity remains unaffected by horizontal angle deviations, while the total magnetic field shows resilience to all angular deviations. Theoretically, orthogonal magnetic sensors could facilitate wide-azimuth magnetic field detection. Results from field experiments revealed a pronounced anomaly response of both the horizontal and total magnetic field intensities to underground caverns. These experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in issues related to angular deviations in magnetic sensors and confirmed the feasibility of wide-azimuth magnetic field detection. The proposed wide-azimuth detection method has the potential to extend the detectable angle from that of CSEM to 360°, resolves the issue of angular deviation of magnetic sensors, and thus improves the detection accuracy.
{"title":"Wide-azimuth CSEM detection utilizing horizontal and total magnetic field intensities","authors":"Di-quan LI , Yun-qi ZHU , Wei-tian WU , Yan-fang HU , Tie-gang TONG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66844-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66844-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional controlled source electromagnetic methods (CSEM) typically collect specific single-component of the total magnetic field intensity, leading to zero-value bands, narrow azimuthal detection ranges, and angular detections. An innovative detection strategy that utilized both the horizontal and total magnetic field intensities was introduced in this work. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the impact of sensor angular deviations on single-component and horizontal magnetic field intensities. Notably, the horizontal magnetic field intensity remains unaffected by horizontal angle deviations, while the total magnetic field shows resilience to all angular deviations. Theoretically, orthogonal magnetic sensors could facilitate wide-azimuth magnetic field detection. Results from field experiments revealed a pronounced anomaly response of both the horizontal and total magnetic field intensities to underground caverns. These experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in issues related to angular deviations in magnetic sensors and confirmed the feasibility of wide-azimuth magnetic field detection. The proposed wide-azimuth detection method has the potential to extend the detectable angle from that of CSEM to 360°, resolves the issue of angular deviation of magnetic sensors, and thus improves the detection accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 8","pages":"Pages 2734-2746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66831-2
Liang LIU, Zhi-min ZHANG, Yong XUE
A Mg−13Gd−4Y−2Zn−0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was selected as the experimental material. After preheating, initial microstructures with different long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase and β’ phase distributions were obtained, and hot compression experiments were conducted. The effects of secondary phases on microstructure and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior were investigated. The results revealed that the average grain size decreased from 70.93 to 31.53 μm, and the DRX volume fraction increased from 20.3% to 40.1% after the pre-annealing treatment. The average grain size of Sample S0 (pre-aging) decreased to 39.29 μm, and the DRX volume fraction increased by 79.8%, whereas the average grain size of Samples S1−S7 (pre-annealing + aging) slightly increased, and the DRX volume fraction slightly decreased. With increasing pre-annealing time, the width of the lamellar LPSO phase increased, which generated less dynamic precipitation during deformation and weakened the pinning effect. The DRX mechanism transformed from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX, pre-homogenization sample) to particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) + discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX, pre-annealing sample). After the pre-aging treatment, the reticular structure effectively pinned the dislocations and delayed the nucleation and growth of DRX grains. The DRX mechanism changed from the original CDRX+PSN (pre-aging sample) to DDRX (pre-annealing + aging sample).
{"title":"Effect of different preheating treatments on dynamic recrystallization behavior of hot-compressed Mg−Gd−Y−Zn−Zr alloy","authors":"Liang LIU, Zhi-min ZHANG, Yong XUE","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66831-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66831-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Mg−13Gd−4Y−2Zn−0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was selected as the experimental material. After preheating, initial microstructures with different long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase and <em>β’</em> phase distributions were obtained, and hot compression experiments were conducted. The effects of secondary phases on microstructure and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior were investigated. The results revealed that the average grain size decreased from 70.93 to 31.53 μm, and the DRX volume fraction increased from 20.3% to 40.1% after the pre-annealing treatment. The average grain size of Sample S0 (pre-aging) decreased to 39.29 μm, and the DRX volume fraction increased by 79.8%, whereas the average grain size of Samples S1−S7 (pre-annealing + aging) slightly increased, and the DRX volume fraction slightly decreased. With increasing pre-annealing time, the width of the lamellar LPSO phase increased, which generated less dynamic precipitation during deformation and weakened the pinning effect. The DRX mechanism transformed from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX, pre-homogenization sample) to particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) + discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX, pre-annealing sample). After the pre-aging treatment, the reticular structure effectively pinned the dislocations and delayed the nucleation and growth of DRX grains. The DRX mechanism changed from the original CDRX+PSN (pre-aging sample) to DDRX (pre-annealing + aging sample).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 8","pages":"Pages 2536-2552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66838-5
Guo-biao LIN , Fu-hu ZHU , Jing-yu LIU , Peng LIU , Kai-xuan CHEN
A practical process method for precise integration of SiCf/SiC composite (CMC) and a Ni-based superalloy (K403) was proposed in this study. It involves Nb coating pretreatment of the CMC via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 1000 °C and subsequent integral precision casting between the pretreated CMC and the K403 superalloy melt. The method solves the difficulty for the dissimilar material to be cast together, forming a robust bonding interface with an average shear strength of 94.8 MPa at room temperature. During the pretreatment process, the Nb reacted with the CMC, forming a reactive coating with the microstructure composed of NbC, Nb2C and Nb5Si3 phases. In the following integral casting, the Nb reactive coating effectively blocked detrimental graphitization reaction between the Ni element in the superalloy melt and the CMC, and mitigated the interface thermal stress generated by both the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and temperature difference, resulting in the increase of interfacial strength. The typical interfacial microstructure consists of the CMC, NbC, NbSi2/NbC, SiC, NbSi2, Nb2C, Nb5Si3, Al4C3, Nb2Al/γ/γ’ and MC (M=W, Mo, Ti). A formula for estimating the interfacial thermal stress of an integrated cast was derived.
{"title":"Integral casting of Ni-based superalloy melt and Nb-pretreated SiCf/SiC composite","authors":"Guo-biao LIN , Fu-hu ZHU , Jing-yu LIU , Peng LIU , Kai-xuan CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66838-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66838-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A practical process method for precise integration of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composite (CMC) and a Ni-based superalloy (K403) was proposed in this study. It involves Nb coating pretreatment of the CMC via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 1000 °C and subsequent integral precision casting between the pretreated CMC and the K403 superalloy melt. The method solves the difficulty for the dissimilar material to be cast together, forming a robust bonding interface with an average shear strength of 94.8 MPa at room temperature. During the pretreatment process, the Nb reacted with the CMC, forming a reactive coating with the microstructure composed of NbC, Nb<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> phases. In the following integral casting, the Nb reactive coating effectively blocked detrimental graphitization reaction between the Ni element in the superalloy melt and the CMC, and mitigated the interface thermal stress generated by both the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and temperature difference, resulting in the increase of interfacial strength. The typical interfacial microstructure consists of the CMC, NbC, NbSi<sub>2</sub>/NbC, SiC, NbSi<sub>2</sub>, Nb<sub>2</sub>C, Nb<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>, Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, Nb<sub>2</sub>Al/<em>γ</em>/<em>γ’</em> and MC (M=W, Mo, Ti). A formula for estimating the interfacial thermal stress of an integrated cast was derived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 8","pages":"Pages 2652-2665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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