Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66608-2
Aleksandr V. SHUITCEV , Yi REN , Ze-zhong ZHANG , Roman N. VASIN , Bin SUN , Li LI , Yun-xiang TONG
The effect of age hardening on the microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, and shape memory properties of the (Ni50Ti30Hf20)95V5 alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, microhardness, and bending tests. The results demonstrate a significant influence of V addition on the microstructure of the alloy. V addition leads to the formation of a (Ni,V)2(Ti,Hf)-type Laves phase, which coexists with B19‘ martensite at room temperature. Aging at 550 °C results in precipitation hardening due to the formation of nano-scale orthorhombic H-phase, with the peak hardness observed after 3 h of aging. The alloy at peak hardness state exhibits higher transformation strain and lower unrecovered strain compared to the solution-treated sample. The aged sample achieves a maximum transformation strain of 1.56% under 500 MPa.
通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、差示扫描量热、显微硬度和弯曲试验，研究了时效硬化对 (Ni50Ti30Hf20)95V5 合金的显微组织、马氏体转变行为和形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明，添加 V 对合金的微观结构有很大影响。添加 V 导致形成 (Ni,V)2(Ti,Hf) 型拉维斯相，在室温下与 B19' 马氏体共存。在 550 °C 下时效会导致纳米级正交 H 相形成沉淀硬化，时效 3 小时后可观察到峰值硬度。与溶液处理样品相比，处于硬度峰值状态的合金表现出更高的转化应变和更低的未恢复应变。老化样品在 500 兆帕下的最大变形应变为 1.56%。
{"title":"Microstructure and martensitic transformation in quaternary NiTiHfV alloy","authors":"Aleksandr V. SHUITCEV , Yi REN , Ze-zhong ZHANG , Roman N. VASIN , Bin SUN , Li LI , Yun-xiang TONG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66608-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66608-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of age hardening on the microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, and shape memory properties of the (Ni<sub>50</sub>Ti<sub>30</sub>Hf<sub>20</sub>)<sub>95</sub>V<sub>5</sub> alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, microhardness, and bending tests. The results demonstrate a significant influence of V addition on the microstructure of the alloy. V addition leads to the formation of a (Ni,V)<sub>2</sub>(Ti,Hf)-type Laves phase, which coexists with <em>B</em>19<em>‘</em> martensite at room temperature. Aging at 550 °C results in precipitation hardening due to the formation of nano-scale orthorhombic <em>H</em>-phase, with the peak hardness observed after 3 h of aging. The alloy at peak hardness state exhibits higher transformation strain and lower unrecovered strain compared to the solution-treated sample. The aged sample achieves a maximum transformation strain of 1.56% under 500 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3282-3294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66614-8
Zhong-lin DONG, Tao JIANG, Bin XU, Qian LI, Yong-bin YANG
The adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of gold from thiosulfate solution on strong-base anion exchange resin were systematically investigated. The comparison experiment of adsorption ability and selectivity for gold showed that gel Amberlite IRA-400 resin with Type I quaternary ammonium functional group had better adsorption performance. The increases of resin dosage, ammonia concentration and solution pH were favorable to gold adsorption, whereas the rises of cupric and thiosulfate concentrations were disadvantageous to gold loading. Microscopic characterization results indicated that gold was adsorbed in the form of [Au(S2O3)2]3– complex anion by exchanging with the counter ion Cl– in the functional group of the resin. Density functional theory calculation result manifested that gold adsorption was mainly depended on the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force generated between O atom in [Au(S2O3)2]3– and H atom in the quaternary ammonium functional group of the resin.
系统研究了强碱阴离子交换树脂对硫代硫酸盐溶液中金的吸附行为和机理。金的吸附能力和选择性对比实验表明，带有 I 型季铵官能团的凝胶 Amberlite IRA-400 树脂具有更好的吸附性能。树脂用量、氨浓度和溶液 pH 值的增加有利于金的吸附，而铜和硫代硫酸盐浓度的增加则不利于金的吸附。显微表征结果表明，金是以[Au(S2O3)2]3- 复阴离子的形式与树脂官能团中的反离子 Cl- 交换而被吸附的。密度泛函理论计算结果表明，金的吸附主要依赖于[Au(S2O3)2]3- 中的 O 原子与树脂季铵官能团中的 H 原子之间产生的氢键和范德华力。
{"title":"Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of gold recovery from thiosulfate solution by ion exchange resin","authors":"Zhong-lin DONG, Tao JIANG, Bin XU, Qian LI, Yong-bin YANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66614-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66614-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of gold from thiosulfate solution on strong-base anion exchange resin were systematically investigated. The comparison experiment of adsorption ability and selectivity for gold showed that gel Amberlite IRA-400 resin with Type I quaternary ammonium functional group had better adsorption performance. The increases of resin dosage, ammonia concentration and solution pH were favorable to gold adsorption, whereas the rises of cupric and thiosulfate concentrations were disadvantageous to gold loading. Microscopic characterization results indicated that gold was adsorbed in the form of [Au(S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3–</sup> complex anion by exchanging with the counter ion Cl<sup>–</sup> in the functional group of the resin. Density functional theory calculation result manifested that gold adsorption was mainly depended on the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force generated between O atom in [Au(S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3–</sup> and H atom in the quaternary ammonium functional group of the resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3372-3385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66607-0
Zhi-xian JIAO , Qing-zhou WANG , Yan-jun DING , Fu-xing YIN , Chao-hui XU , Cui-hong HAN , Qi-xiang FAN
In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu−11.9Al−2.5Mn shape memory alloy (SMA), multilayer graphene (MLG) carried by Cu51Zr14 inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG−Cu51Zr14 composite powders. In the resultant novel MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites, MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu−Al−Mn matrix. MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu−Al−Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn interfaces. The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites are significantly improved. When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%, the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558, tensile strength of 801.5 MPa, elongation of 10.8%, and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained. On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures, combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals, the relevant mechanisms are discussed.
{"title":"Improving comprehensive properties of Cu−11.9Al−2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu51Zr14 inoculant particles","authors":"Zhi-xian JIAO , Qing-zhou WANG , Yan-jun DING , Fu-xing YIN , Chao-hui XU , Cui-hong HAN , Qi-xiang FAN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66607-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66607-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu−11.9Al−2.5Mn shape memory alloy (SMA), multilayer graphene (MLG) carried by Cu<sub>51</sub>Zr<sub>14</sub> inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG−Cu<sub>51</sub>Zr<sub>14</sub> composite powders. In the resultant novel MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites, MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu−Al−Mn matrix. MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu−Al−Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn interfaces. The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites are significantly improved. When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%, the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558, tensile strength of 801.5 MPa, elongation of 10.8%, and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained. On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures, combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals, the relevant mechanisms are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3265-3281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66616-1
Kai-fa DU , Wen-miao LI , Pei-lin WANG , Lei GUO , Di CHEN , Yong-song MA , Rui YU , Hua-yi YIN , Di-hua WANG
The corrosion inhibition efficacy of titanate (CaTiO3) for carbon anodes in molten salts was investigated through various analytical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the addition of CaTiO3 corrosion inhibitor efficiently passivates the carbon anode and leads to the formation of a dense CaTiO3 layer during the electrolysis process in molten CaCl2−CaO. Subsequently, the passivated carbon anode effectively undergoes the oxygen evolution reaction, with an optimal current density for passivation identified at 400 mA/cm2. Comprehensive investigations, including CaTiO3 solubility tests in molten CaCl2−CaO and numerical modeling of the stability of complex ionic structures, provide compelling evidence supporting “complexation−precipitation” passivation mechanism. This mechanism involves the initial formation of a complex containing TiO2·nCaO by CaTiO3 and CaO, which subsequently decomposes to yield CaTiO3, firmly coating the surface of the carbon anode. In practical applications, the integration of CaTiO3 corrosion inhibitor with the carbon anode leads to the successful preparation of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy without carbon contamination in the molten CaCl2−CaO.
{"title":"Calcium titanate corrosion inhibitor enabling carbon as inert anode for oxygen evolution in molten chlorides","authors":"Kai-fa DU , Wen-miao LI , Pei-lin WANG , Lei GUO , Di CHEN , Yong-song MA , Rui YU , Hua-yi YIN , Di-hua WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66616-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66616-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion inhibition efficacy of titanate (CaTiO<sub>3</sub>) for carbon anodes in molten salts was investigated through various analytical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the addition of CaTiO<sub>3</sub> corrosion inhibitor efficiently passivates the carbon anode and leads to the formation of a dense CaTiO<sub>3</sub> layer during the electrolysis process in molten CaCl<sub>2</sub>−CaO. Subsequently, the passivated carbon anode effectively undergoes the oxygen evolution reaction, with an optimal current density for passivation identified at 400 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Comprehensive investigations, including CaTiO<sub>3</sub> solubility tests in molten CaCl<sub>2</sub>−CaO and numerical modeling of the stability of complex ionic structures, provide compelling evidence supporting “complexation−precipitation” passivation mechanism. This mechanism involves the initial formation of a complex containing TiO<sub>2</sub>·<em>n</em>CaO by CaTiO<sub>3</sub> and CaO, which subsequently decomposes to yield CaTiO<sub>3</sub>, firmly coating the surface of the carbon anode. In practical applications, the integration of CaTiO<sub>3</sub> corrosion inhibitor with the carbon anode leads to the successful preparation of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy without carbon contamination in the molten CaCl<sub>2</sub>−CaO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3400-3411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66597-0
Chang-chang LIU, Yang-huan-zi LI, Ji GU, Min SONG
Due to a series of exceptional properties, titanium and titanium alloys have received extensive attention in recent years. Different from other alloy systems, there are two allotropes and a sequence of metastable phases in titanium alloys. By summarizing the recent investigations, the phase transformation processes corresponding to the common phases and also some less reported phases are reviewed. For the phase transformation only involving α and β phases, it can be divided into β→α transformation and a reverse transformation. The former one has been demonstrated from the orientation relationship between α and β phases and the regulation of α morphology. For the latter transformation, the role of the stress has been discussed. In terms of the metastable phases, the mechanisms of phase formation and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties have been discussed. Finally, some suggestions about the development of titanium alloys have been proposed.
{"title":"Phase transformation in titanium alloys: A review","authors":"Chang-chang LIU, Yang-huan-zi LI, Ji GU, Min SONG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66597-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66597-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to a series of exceptional properties, titanium and titanium alloys have received extensive attention in recent years. Different from other alloy systems, there are two allotropes and a sequence of metastable phases in titanium alloys. By summarizing the recent investigations, the phase transformation processes corresponding to the common phases and also some less reported phases are reviewed. For the phase transformation only involving <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> phases, it can be divided into <em>β</em>→<em>α</em> transformation and a reverse transformation. The former one has been demonstrated from the orientation relationship between <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> phases and the regulation of <em>α</em> morphology. For the latter transformation, the role of the stress has been discussed. In terms of the metastable phases, the mechanisms of phase formation and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties have been discussed. Finally, some suggestions about the development of titanium alloys have been proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3093-3117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety, cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface (AEI) have hindered their practical application. Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs. The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed. A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided. The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed, including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering, which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.
{"title":"Electrolyte engineering for optimizing anode/electrolyte interface towards superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries: A review","authors":"Hua-ming YU, Dong-ping CHEN, Li-jin ZHANG, Shao-zhen HUANG, Liang-jun ZHOU, Gui-chao KUANG, Wei-feng WEI, Li-bao CHEN, Yue-jiao CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66598-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66598-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety, cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface (AEI) have hindered their practical application. Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs. The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed. A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided. The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed, including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering, which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3118-3150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66605-7
Jing CHEN , Wen-jie XU , Jia-hao YANG , Zhi YANG , Hong-li SHI , Gao-yong LIN , Zhu-min LI , Xu SHEN , Bo JIANG , Hui-qun LIU , Kai-xuan GUI
The recrystallization behavior, grain boundary characteristic distribution, and mechanical properties of pure Cu sheets that were subjected to different cold rolling paths, and then annealed at 400 °C for 10, 30, 60, and 420 min, were investigated. Different rolling paths changed the grain boundary orientations of cold-rolled copper, causing recrystallized grains to nucleate and grow in an oriented manner. However, the evolution of the texture indicated that cold-rolled copper with different rolling paths did not show an obvious preferred orientation after annealing. The RD-60 specimen exhibited the smallest grain size (6.6 μm). The results indicated that the grain size and low-Σ CSL grain boundaries worked together to provide RD-60 samples with appropriate mechanical properties and high plasticity. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of RD-60 sample were 81 MPa, 230 MPa, and 49%, respectively. These results could provide guidance for tuning the microstructures and properties of pure Cu foils, as well as designing fabrication routes for pure Cu foils through processes such as rolling and drawing.
{"title":"Effects of cold rolling path on recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of pure copper during annealing","authors":"Jing CHEN , Wen-jie XU , Jia-hao YANG , Zhi YANG , Hong-li SHI , Gao-yong LIN , Zhu-min LI , Xu SHEN , Bo JIANG , Hui-qun LIU , Kai-xuan GUI","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66605-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66605-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recrystallization behavior, grain boundary characteristic distribution, and mechanical properties of pure Cu sheets that were subjected to different cold rolling paths, and then annealed at 400 °C for 10, 30, 60, and 420 min, were investigated. Different rolling paths changed the grain boundary orientations of cold-rolled copper, causing recrystallized grains to nucleate and grow in an oriented manner. However, the evolution of the texture indicated that cold-rolled copper with different rolling paths did not show an obvious preferred orientation after annealing. The RD-60 specimen exhibited the smallest grain size (6.6 μm). The results indicated that the grain size and low-Σ CSL grain boundaries worked together to provide RD-60 samples with appropriate mechanical properties and high plasticity. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of RD-60 sample were 81 MPa, 230 MPa, and 49%, respectively. These results could provide guidance for tuning the microstructures and properties of pure Cu foils, as well as designing fabrication routes for pure Cu foils through processes such as rolling and drawing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3233-3250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66615-X
Fan-cheng MENG , Yong-chao WANG , Xin CHAI , Ya-hui LIU , Li-na WANG , De-sheng CHEN
Thermodynamic simulation was conducted to design a new process of stepwise precipitating NH4VO3 and NaHCO3 from regulating the CO2 carbonation of Na3VO4 solution. Firstly, a new V(V) speciation model for the aqueous solution containing vanadate and carbonate is established by using the Bromley−Zemaitis activity coefficient model. Subsequently, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are conducted to clarify the behavior of vanadium, carbon, sodium, and impurity species in atmospheric or high-pressure carbonation. To ensure the purity and recovery of vanadium products, Na3VO4 solution is initially carbonated to the pH of 9.3−9.4, followed by precipitating NH4VO3 by adding (NH4)2CO3. After vanadium precipitation, the solution is deeply carbonated to the final pH of 7.3−7.5 to precipitate NaHCO3, and the remaining solution is recycled to dissolve Na3VO4 crystals. Finally, verification experiments demonstrate that 99.1% of vanadium and 91.4% of sodium in the solution are recovered in the form of NH4VO3 and NaHCO3, respectively.
{"title":"Thermodynamic simulation of stepwise precipitation of NH4VO3 and NaHCO3 from carbonating Na3VO4 solution","authors":"Fan-cheng MENG , Yong-chao WANG , Xin CHAI , Ya-hui LIU , Li-na WANG , De-sheng CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66615-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66615-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermodynamic simulation was conducted to design a new process of stepwise precipitating NH<sub>4</sub>VO<sub>3</sub> and NaHCO<sub>3</sub> from regulating the CO<sub>2</sub> carbonation of Na<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>4</sub> solution. Firstly, a new V(V) speciation model for the aqueous solution containing vanadate and carbonate is established by using the Bromley−Zemaitis activity coefficient model. Subsequently, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are conducted to clarify the behavior of vanadium, carbon, sodium, and impurity species in atmospheric or high-pressure carbonation. To ensure the purity and recovery of vanadium products, Na<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>4</sub> solution is initially carbonated to the pH of 9.3−9.4, followed by precipitating NH<sub>4</sub>VO<sub>3</sub> by adding (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. After vanadium precipitation, the solution is deeply carbonated to the final pH of 7.3−7.5 to precipitate NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, and the remaining solution is recycled to dissolve Na<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>4</sub> crystals. Finally, verification experiments demonstrate that 99.1% of vanadium and 91.4% of sodium in the solution are recovered in the form of NH<sub>4</sub>VO<sub>3</sub> and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3386-3399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66609-4
Meng-yao ZHANG , Shuai MA , Xin LI , Ye GAO , Zhuang-zhi WU , De-zhi WANG
To enhance the mechanical properties of molybdenum alloys at both room and high temperatures, Mo−14Re−1CeO2 alloy was synthesized using the powder metallurgy method, and the corresponding microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength of Mo−14Re−1CeO2 reaches 657 MPa, with a total elongation of 35.2%, significantly higher than those of pure molybdenum (453 MPa, and 7.01%). Furthermore, the compression strength of Mo−14Re−1CeO2 at high temperature (1200 °C) achieves 355 MPa, which is still larger than that of pure molybdenum (221 MPa). It is revealed that there is a coherent interface between CeO2 and the Mo−14Re matrix with CeO2 particles uniformly distributed in both intergranular and intragranular regions. The improvements in mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the formation of Mo−Re solid solution, grain refinement, and dispersion strengthening effect of CeO2.
{"title":"Enhanced mechanical properties of molybdenum alloy originating from composite strengthening of Re and CeO2","authors":"Meng-yao ZHANG , Shuai MA , Xin LI , Ye GAO , Zhuang-zhi WU , De-zhi WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66609-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66609-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the mechanical properties of molybdenum alloys at both room and high temperatures, Mo−14Re−1CeO<sub>2</sub> alloy was synthesized using the powder metallurgy method, and the corresponding microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength of Mo−14Re−1CeO<sub>2</sub> reaches 657 MPa, with a total elongation of 35.2%, significantly higher than those of pure molybdenum (453 MPa, and 7.01%). Furthermore, the compression strength of Mo−14Re−1CeO<sub>2</sub> at high temperature (1200 °C) achieves 355 MPa, which is still larger than that of pure molybdenum (221 MPa). It is revealed that there is a coherent interface between CeO<sub>2</sub> and the Mo−14Re matrix with CeO<sub>2</sub> particles uniformly distributed in both intergranular and intragranular regions. The improvements in mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the formation of Mo−Re solid solution, grain refinement, and dispersion strengthening effect of CeO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3295-3308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66611-2
Mehri HASHEMZADEH , Keyvan RAEISSI , Fakhreddin ASHRAFIZADEH , Frank SIMCHEN , Amin HAKIMIZAD , Monica SANTAMARIA , Thomas LAMPKE
The influence of cathodic pulse parameters was evaluated on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings grown on 7075 aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium titanyl oxalate (PTO) using pulsed bipolar waveforms with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities. The coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. EIS was applied to investigate the electrochemical properties. It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from 20% and 6 A/dm2 to 40% and 12 A/dm2 enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from 0.22 to 0.75 µm/min. Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the mentioned change of cathodic pulse parameters, resulting in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from 0.25 to 1.10 µm/min. Based on EDS analysis, Si and Ti were incorporated dominantly in the upper parts of the coatings. XRD technique merely detected γ-Al2O3, and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si compounds. However, the EIS results confirmed that the incorporation of Ti4+ into alumina changed the electronic properties of the coating. The coatings obtained from the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveforms with a cathodic duty cycle of 40% and current density values higher than 6 A/dm2 showed highly appropriate electrochemical behavior during 240 d of immersion due to an efficient repairing mechanism. Regarding the effects of studied parameters on the coating properties, the roles of cathodic pulse parameters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.
{"title":"Self-repairing Al2O3−TiO2 coatings fabricated through plasma electrolytic oxidation with various cathodic pulse parameters","authors":"Mehri HASHEMZADEH , Keyvan RAEISSI , Fakhreddin ASHRAFIZADEH , Frank SIMCHEN , Amin HAKIMIZAD , Monica SANTAMARIA , Thomas LAMPKE","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66611-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66611-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of cathodic pulse parameters was evaluated on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings grown on 7075 aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium titanyl oxalate (PTO) using pulsed bipolar waveforms with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities. The coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. EIS was applied to investigate the electrochemical properties. It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from 20% and 6 A/dm<sup>2</sup> to 40% and 12 A/dm<sup>2</sup> enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from 0.22 to 0.75 µm/min. Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the mentioned change of cathodic pulse parameters, resulting in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from 0.25 to 1.10 µm/min. Based on EDS analysis, Si and Ti were incorporated dominantly in the upper parts of the coatings. XRD technique merely detected <em>γ</em>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si compounds. However, the EIS results confirmed that the incorporation of Ti<sup>4+</sup> into alumina changed the electronic properties of the coating. The coatings obtained from the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveforms with a cathodic duty cycle of 40% and current density values higher than 6 A/dm<sup>2</sup> showed highly appropriate electrochemical behavior during 240 d of immersion due to an efficient repairing mechanism. Regarding the effects of studied parameters on the coating properties, the roles of cathodic pulse parameters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3326-3343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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