Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66892-0
Su LI, Yi TANG, Hang LIN
A method combining finite difference method (FDM) and k-means clustering algorithm which can determine the threshold of rock bridge generation is proposed. Jointed slope models with different joint coalescence coefficients(k) are constructed based on FDM. The rock bridge area was divided through k-means algorithm and the optimal number of clusters was determined by sum of squared errors (SSE) and elbow method. The influence of maximum principal stress and stress change rate as clustering indexes on the clustering results of rock bridges was compared by using Euclidean distance. The results show that using stress change rate as clustering index is more effective. When the joint coalescence coefficient is less than 0.6, there is no significant stress concentration in the middle area of adjacent joints, that is, no generation of rock bridge. In addition, the range of rock bridge is affected by the coalescence coefficient (k), the relative position of joints and the parameters of weak interlayer.
{"title":"Effect of joint coalescence coefficient on rock bridge formation of slope based on finite difference method","authors":"Su LI, Yi TANG, Hang LIN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66892-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66892-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method combining finite difference method (FDM) and <em>k</em>-means clustering algorithm which can determine the threshold of rock bridge generation is proposed. Jointed slope models with different joint coalescence coefficients(<em>k</em>) are constructed based on FDM. The rock bridge area was divided through <em>k</em>-means algorithm and the optimal number of clusters was determined by sum of squared errors (SSE) and elbow method. The influence of maximum principal stress and stress change rate as clustering indexes on the clustering results of rock bridges was compared by using Euclidean distance. The results show that using stress change rate as clustering index is more effective. When the joint coalescence coefficient is less than 0.6, there is no significant stress concentration in the middle area of adjacent joints, that is, no generation of rock bridge. In addition, the range of rock bridge is affected by the coalescence coefficient (<em>k</em>), the relative position of joints and the parameters of weak interlayer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3455-3467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66895-6
Zeng-wu WANG, Jin-tao GAO, Xi LAN, Zhan-cheng GUO
Secondary aluminum dross (SAD), a by-product of aluminum extraction from primary aluminum dross, contains metallic aluminum particles coated with dense oxidized films, complicating the recovery of metallic aluminum using traditional methods. Ball-milling was employed to break and alter the structure of these oxidized films. The results indicated that the films became thinner and stripped away, exposing the aluminum surface. Based on the in-situ observation of the structure evolution of milled SAD particles with temperature, the metallic aluminum liquid was efficiently recovered from SAD at 680 °C via supergravity-enhanced separation, where the recovery ratio and mass fraction of Al in the separated aluminum phase were up to 95.72% and 99.10 wt.%, respectively. Moreover, the tailings can be harmlessly utilized in refractory, cement and ceramic fields with subsequent treatment, such as denitrification, dechlorination, and fluoride fixation.
{"title":"Efficient recovery of metallic aluminum from hazardous secondary aluminum dross via ball-milling and supergravity-enhanced separation","authors":"Zeng-wu WANG, Jin-tao GAO, Xi LAN, Zhan-cheng GUO","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66895-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66895-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary aluminum dross (SAD), a by-product of aluminum extraction from primary aluminum dross, contains metallic aluminum particles coated with dense oxidized films, complicating the recovery of metallic aluminum using traditional methods. Ball-milling was employed to break and alter the structure of these oxidized films. The results indicated that the films became thinner and stripped away, exposing the aluminum surface. Based on the in-situ observation of the structure evolution of milled SAD particles with temperature, the metallic aluminum liquid was efficiently recovered from SAD at 680 °C via supergravity-enhanced separation, where the recovery ratio and mass fraction of Al in the separated aluminum phase were up to 95.72% and 99.10 wt.%, respectively. Moreover, the tailings can be harmlessly utilized in refractory, cement and ceramic fields with subsequent treatment, such as denitrification, dechlorination, and fluoride fixation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3493-3506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sustainable approach for recovering battery grade FePO4 and Li2CO3 from Al/F-bearing spent LiFePO4/C powder was proposed, including acid leaching, fluorinated coordination precipitation, homogeneous precipitation, and high-temperature precipitation. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Fe, P, Al, and F were 97.6%, 97.1%, 97.1%, 72.5%, and 63.3%, respectively. The effects of different parameters on the removal of Al/F impurities were systematically evaluated, indicating about 99.4% Al and 96.4% F in the leachate were precipitated in the form of Na3Li3Al2F12, and their residual concentrations were only 0.0124 and 0.328 g/L, respectively, which could be directly used to prepare battery grade FePO4 (99.68% in purity). Lithium in the Al/F-bearing residue could be extracted through CaCO3-CaSO4 roasting followed by acid leaching, ultimately obtaining 99.87% purity of Li2CO3. The recovery rates of Li and Fe were 96.88% and 92.85%, respectively. An economic evaluation demonstrated that the process was profitable.
{"title":"Regeneration of battery grade FePO4 and Li2CO3 from Al/F-bearing spent LiFePO4/C powder","authors":"Ye-hui-zi WU, Kang-gen ZHOU, Chang-hong PENG, Kui YI, Jing-kun DENG, Zai-rong QIU, Wei CHEN, Ke-jing ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66897-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66897-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable approach for recovering battery grade FePO<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> from Al/F-bearing spent LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/C powder was proposed, including acid leaching, fluorinated coordination precipitation, homogeneous precipitation, and high-temperature precipitation. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Fe, P, Al, and F were 97.6%, 97.1%, 97.1%, 72.5%, and 63.3%, respectively. The effects of different parameters on the removal of Al/F impurities were systematically evaluated, indicating about 99.4% Al and 96.4% F in the leachate were precipitated in the form of Na<sub>3</sub>Li<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>F<sub>12</sub>, and their residual concentrations were only 0.0124 and 0.328 g/L, respectively, which could be directly used to prepare battery grade FePO<sub>4</sub> (99.68% in purity). Lithium in the Al/F-bearing residue could be extracted through CaCO<sub>3</sub>-CaSO<sub>4</sub> roasting followed by acid leaching, ultimately obtaining 99.87% purity of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. The recovery rates of Li and Fe were 96.88% and 92.85%, respectively. An economic evaluation demonstrated that the process was profitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3520-3532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66880-4
Xi-zao WANG , Tian-jiao LUO , Qiu-yan HUANG , Tian-yu LIU , Ying-ju LI , Ce ZHENG , Shuang GUO , Yuan-sheng YANG
The effect of extrusion temperature on the dynamic recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of the flame-retardant Mg-6Al-3Ca-1Zn-1Sn-Mn (wt.%) alloy was investigated. The observed dynamic recrystallization mechanisms in the alloy include continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and particle simulated nucleation (PSN) during hot extrusion. A significant increase in yield strength, from 218 to 358 MPa, representing a 140 MPa increase, is achieved by decreasing the extrusion temperature. The strengthening mechanisms were analyzed quantitatively, with the enhanced strength primarily attributed to grain boundary and dislocation strengthening. The plasticity mechanism was analyzed qualitatively, and the increase in the volume fraction of unDRXed grains caused by the decrease in extrusion temperature leads to an increase in the number of {102} tensile twins during the tensile deformation, resulting in a reduction in plasticity.
{"title":"Effect of extrusion temperature on dynamic recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of flame-retardant Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Sn-Mn alloy","authors":"Xi-zao WANG , Tian-jiao LUO , Qiu-yan HUANG , Tian-yu LIU , Ying-ju LI , Ce ZHENG , Shuang GUO , Yuan-sheng YANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66880-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66880-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of extrusion temperature on the dynamic recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of the flame-retardant Mg-6Al-3Ca-1Zn-1Sn-Mn (wt.%) alloy was investigated. The observed dynamic recrystallization mechanisms in the alloy include continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and particle simulated nucleation (PSN) during hot extrusion. A significant increase in yield strength, from 218 to 358 MPa, representing a 140 MPa increase, is achieved by decreasing the extrusion temperature. The strengthening mechanisms were analyzed quantitatively, with the enhanced strength primarily attributed to grain boundary and dislocation strengthening. The plasticity mechanism was analyzed qualitatively, and the increase in the volume fraction of unDRXed grains caused by the decrease in extrusion temperature leads to an increase in the number of {102} tensile twins during the tensile deformation, resulting in a reduction in plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3272-3287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66881-6
Yong-heng JIANG , Xin-lei QIU , Zheng-qiang ZHANG , Zi-heng SONG , Sheng-guang DAI , Xue-lei WANG , Chun WU , Chao MENG
With the aim of improving the fatigue properties of Mg alloy welded joints under cyclic loading, the effects of laser bionic treatment and ultrasonic impact bionic treatment on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy TIG-welded joints were studied and compared. The results show that bionic treatment refines the grains on the joint surface and improves the microhardness. In the crack stable growth stage, both bionic samples exhibit a lower FCG rate and a higher FCG resistance. The two bionic treatment methods reduce the probability of crack initiation and partially promote crack deflection, providing a new approach for improving the FCG behavior of welded joints.
{"title":"Effects of different bionic strengthening technologies on fatigue crack growth behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy TIG-welded joints","authors":"Yong-heng JIANG , Xin-lei QIU , Zheng-qiang ZHANG , Zi-heng SONG , Sheng-guang DAI , Xue-lei WANG , Chun WU , Chao MENG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66881-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66881-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the aim of improving the fatigue properties of Mg alloy welded joints under cyclic loading, the effects of laser bionic treatment and ultrasonic impact bionic treatment on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy TIG-welded joints were studied and compared. The results show that bionic treatment refines the grains on the joint surface and improves the microhardness. In the crack stable growth stage, both bionic samples exhibit a lower FCG rate and a higher FCG resistance. The two bionic treatment methods reduce the probability of crack initiation and partially promote crack deflection, providing a new approach for improving the FCG behavior of welded joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3288-3305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66885-3
Shuai WANG , Rui ZHANG , Ming JI , Feng-bo SUN , Zi-shuo MA , Qi AN , Lu-jun HUANG , Lin GENG
To assess the high-temperature creep properties of titanium matrix composites for aircraft skin, the TA15 alloy, TiB/TA15 and TiB/(TA15-Si) composites with network structure were fabricated using low-energy milling and vacuum hot pressing sintering techniques. The results show that introducing TiB and Si can reduce the steady-state creep rate by an order of magnitude at 600 °C compared to the alloy. However, the beneficial effect of Si can be maintained at 700 °C while the positive effect of TiB gradually diminishes due to the pores near TiB and interface debonding. The creep deformation mechanism of the as-sintered TiB/(TA15-Si) composite is primarily governed by dislocation climbing. The high creep resistance at 600 °C can be mainly attributed to the absence of grain boundary α phases, load transfer by TiB whisker, and the hindrance of dislocation movement by silicides. The low steady-state creep rate at 700 °Cis mainly resulted from the elimination of grain boundary α phases as well as increased dynamic precipitation of silicides and α2.
{"title":"Improved resistance to creep and underlying mechanisms in TiB/(TA15-Si) composites with network structure","authors":"Shuai WANG , Rui ZHANG , Ming JI , Feng-bo SUN , Zi-shuo MA , Qi AN , Lu-jun HUANG , Lin GENG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66885-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66885-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the high-temperature creep properties of titanium matrix composites for aircraft skin, the TA15 alloy, TiB/TA15 and TiB/(TA15-Si) composites with network structure were fabricated using low-energy milling and vacuum hot pressing sintering techniques. The results show that introducing TiB and Si can reduce the steady-state creep rate by an order of magnitude at 600 °C compared to the alloy. However, the beneficial effect of Si can be maintained at 700 °C while the positive effect of TiB gradually diminishes due to the pores near TiB and interface debonding. The creep deformation mechanism of the as-sintered TiB/(TA15-Si) composite is primarily governed by dislocation climbing. The high creep resistance at 600 °C can be mainly attributed to the absence of grain boundary <em>α</em> phases, load transfer by TiB whisker, and the hindrance of dislocation movement by silicides. The low steady-state creep rate at 700 °Cis mainly resulted from the elimination of grain boundary <em>α</em> phases as well as increased dynamic precipitation of silicides and <em>α</em><sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3357-3367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66893-2
Hong-liang ZHANG , Xin RAO , Chen-yang ZHANG , Jian-hua CHEN , Yang-ge ZHU , Rong WANG , Wei SUN
The ion coordination affinities of the commonly found metal ions were evaluated using DFT calculations. The results indicate that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of metal ions correlates positively with their binding energies with O(S) ligands, and some metal ions with various valence states also present different affinities. Besides, due to the steric hindrance effects, the mono- and hexa-coordinated metal ions may exhibit different affinities, and the majority of the studied hexa-coordinated metal ions exhibit oxophilicity. These affinity differences perfectly illustrate the activation flotation practice in which the oxyphilic ions are applied to activating oxide minerals, while thiophilic ions are applied to activating sulfide minerals.
{"title":"Ion coordination affinity and its application in mineral flotation","authors":"Hong-liang ZHANG , Xin RAO , Chen-yang ZHANG , Jian-hua CHEN , Yang-ge ZHU , Rong WANG , Wei SUN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66893-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66893-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ion coordination affinities of the commonly found metal ions were evaluated using DFT calculations. The results indicate that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of metal ions correlates positively with their binding energies with O(S) ligands, and some metal ions with various valence states also present different affinities. Besides, due to the steric hindrance effects, the mono- and hexa-coordinated metal ions may exhibit different affinities, and the majority of the studied hexa-coordinated metal ions exhibit oxophilicity. These affinity differences perfectly illustrate the activation flotation practice in which the oxyphilic ions are applied to activating oxide minerals, while thiophilic ions are applied to activating sulfide minerals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3468-3479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66876-2
Tai-qian MO , Hua-qiang XIAO , Cun-hong YIN , Bo LIN , Xue-jian WANG , Kai MA
1060/7050 Al/Al laminated metal composites (LMCs) with heterogeneous lamellar structures were prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB), cold rolling and subsequent annealing treatment. The strengthening mechanism was investigated by microstructural characterization, mechanical property tests and in-situ fracture morphology observations. The results show that microstructural differences between the constituent layers are present in the Al/Al LMCs after various numbers of ARB cycles. Compared with rolled 2560-layered Al/Al LMCs with 37.5% and 50.0% rolling reductions, those with 62.5% rolling reductions allow for more effective improvements in the mechanical properties after annealing treatment due to their relatively high mechanical incompatibility across the interface. During tensile deformation, with the increased magnitude of incompatibility in the 2560-layered Al/Al LMC with a heterogeneous lamellar structure, the densities of the geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) increase to accommodate the relatively large strain gradient, resulting in considerable back stress strengthening and improved mechanical properties.
{"title":"Heterogeneous lamellar structure dominated mechanical properties optimization in ARBed Al alloy laminated metal composites","authors":"Tai-qian MO , Hua-qiang XIAO , Cun-hong YIN , Bo LIN , Xue-jian WANG , Kai MA","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66876-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66876-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1060/7050 Al/Al laminated metal composites (LMCs) with heterogeneous lamellar structures were prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB), cold rolling and subsequent annealing treatment. The strengthening mechanism was investigated by microstructural characterization, mechanical property tests and in-situ fracture morphology observations. The results show that microstructural differences between the constituent layers are present in the Al/Al LMCs after various numbers of ARB cycles. Compared with rolled 2560-layered Al/Al LMCs with 37.5% and 50.0% rolling reductions, those with 62.5% rolling reductions allow for more effective improvements in the mechanical properties after annealing treatment due to their relatively high mechanical incompatibility across the interface. During tensile deformation, with the increased magnitude of incompatibility in the 2560-layered Al/Al LMC with a heterogeneous lamellar structure, the densities of the geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) increase to accommodate the relatively large strain gradient, resulting in considerable back stress strengthening and improved mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3203-3217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66877-4
Yong-xiao WANG , Yang FU , Xiao XU , Hui LI , Wen-dong ZHANG , Rui FENG , Yao-kun PAN , Xiao-li CUI
The microstructure and texture evolutions during extrusion and rolling processes of the 2195 Al-Li alloy were investigated. The EBSD technique was employed to reveal the microscopic evolution mechanisms of different texture components. The findings reveal that the texture evolution is governed by two mechanisms: an overall orientation transformation induced by plastic strain and a localized transformation occurring at the shearing bands within grains. During the rolling process, the extrusion texture components of Ex and Cu evolve into S, and the Bs rotates into the orientations near R-Bs and S. With increasing deformation, the S, Bs, and R-Bs orientations further rotate around the TD axis and disperse into new orientations, forming recrystallized grains. The shearing bands with different initial orientations exhibit similar orientation evolution patterns, all of which evolve from the initial orientation to a series of recrystallization orientations.
{"title":"Texture evolution in extrusion and rolling processes of 2195 Al-Li alloy","authors":"Yong-xiao WANG , Yang FU , Xiao XU , Hui LI , Wen-dong ZHANG , Rui FENG , Yao-kun PAN , Xiao-li CUI","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66877-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66877-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and texture evolutions during extrusion and rolling processes of the 2195 Al-Li alloy were investigated. The EBSD technique was employed to reveal the microscopic evolution mechanisms of different texture components. The findings reveal that the texture evolution is governed by two mechanisms: an overall orientation transformation induced by plastic strain and a localized transformation occurring at the shearing bands within grains. During the rolling process, the extrusion texture components of Ex and Cu evolve into S, and the Bs rotates into the orientations near R-Bs and S. With increasing deformation, the S, Bs, and R-Bs orientations further rotate around the TD axis and disperse into new orientations, forming recrystallized grains. The shearing bands with different initial orientations exhibit similar orientation evolution patterns, all of which evolve from the initial orientation to a series of recrystallization orientations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3218-3239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66894-4
Zheng-hao WANG, Si-yu CHEN, Liang CHEN, Bin LIANG, Dong-mei LUO
An approach for coal-based direct reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite (VTM) raw ore was proposed. Under the optimal reduction conditions with reduction temperature of 1140 °C, reduction time of 3 h, C-to-Fe molar ratio of 1.2:1, and pre-oxidation temperature of 900 °C, the iron metallization degree is 97.8%. Ultimately, magnetic separation yields an iron concentrate with an Fe content of 76.78 wt.% and efficiency of 93.41%, while the magnetic separation slag has a Ti grade and recovery of 9.36 wt.% and 87.07%, respectively, with a titanium loss of 12.93%. This new strategy eliminates the beneficiation process of VTM raw ore, effectively reduces the Ti content in the iron concentrate, and improves the comprehensive utilization of valuable metals.
{"title":"Enhancing iron and titanium recovery efficiency via coal-based direct reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite raw ore","authors":"Zheng-hao WANG, Si-yu CHEN, Liang CHEN, Bin LIANG, Dong-mei LUO","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66894-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66894-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An approach for coal-based direct reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite (VTM) raw ore was proposed. Under the optimal reduction conditions with reduction temperature of 1140 °C, reduction time of 3 h, C-to-Fe molar ratio of 1.2:1, and pre-oxidation temperature of 900 °C, the iron metallization degree is 97.8%. Ultimately, magnetic separation yields an iron concentrate with an Fe content of 76.78 wt.% and efficiency of 93.41%, while the magnetic separation slag has a Ti grade and recovery of 9.36 wt.% and 87.07%, respectively, with a titanium loss of 12.93%. This new strategy eliminates the beneficiation process of VTM raw ore, effectively reduces the Ti content in the iron concentrate, and improves the comprehensive utilization of valuable metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 3480-3492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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