Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66613-6
Hong CHANG , Zhen-ya LUO , Xue-ru SHI , Xin-xin CAO , Shu-quan LIANG
A highly stable zinc metal anode modified with a fluorinated graphite nanosheets (FGNSs) coating was designed. The porous structure of the coating layer effectively hinders lateral mass transfer of Zn ions and suppresses dendrite growth. Moreover, the high electronegativity exhibited by fluorine atoms creates an almost superhydrophobic solid−liquid interface, thereby reducing the interaction between solvent water and the zinc substrate. Consequently, this leads to a significant inhibition of hydrogen evolution corrosion and other side reactions. The modified anode demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, as symmetric cells exhibit sustained cycling for over 1400 h at a current density of 5 mA/cm2. Moreover, the full cells with NH4V4O10 cathode exhibit an impressive capacity retention rate of 92.2% after undergoing 1000 cycles.
{"title":"Stable and reversible zinc metal anode with fluorinated graphite nanosheets surface coating","authors":"Hong CHANG , Zhen-ya LUO , Xue-ru SHI , Xin-xin CAO , Shu-quan LIANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66613-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66613-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly stable zinc metal anode modified with a fluorinated graphite nanosheets (FGNSs) coating was designed. The porous structure of the coating layer effectively hinders lateral mass transfer of Zn ions and suppresses dendrite growth. Moreover, the high electronegativity exhibited by fluorine atoms creates an almost superhydrophobic solid−liquid interface, thereby reducing the interaction between solvent water and the zinc substrate. Consequently, this leads to a significant inhibition of hydrogen evolution corrosion and other side reactions. The modified anode demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, as symmetric cells exhibit sustained cycling for over 1400 h at a current density of 5 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Moreover, the full cells with NH<sub>4</sub>V<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> cathode exhibit an impressive capacity retention rate of 92.2% after undergoing 1000 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3358-3371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66602-1
Wei-min CHEN , Jin-feng LING , Kewu BAI , Kai-hong ZHENG , Fu-xing YIN , Li-jun ZHANG , Yong DU
Based on experimental data, machine learning (ML) models for Young’s modulus, hardness, and hot-working ability of Ti-based alloys were constructed. In the models, the interdiffusion and mechanical property data were high-throughput re-evaluated from composition variations and nanoindentation data of diffusion couples. Then, the Ti−(22±0.5)at.%Nb−(30±0.5)at.%Zr−(4±0.5)at.%Cr (TNZC) alloy with a single body-centered cubic (BCC) phase was screened in an interactive loop. The experimental results exhibited a relatively low Young’s modulus of (58±4) GPa, high nanohardness of (3.4±0.2) GPa, high microhardness of HV (520±5), high compressive yield strength of (1220±18) MPa, large plastic strain greater than 30%, and superior dry- and wet-wear resistance. This work demonstrates that ML combined with high-throughput analytic approaches can offer a powerful tool to accelerate the design of multicomponent Ti alloys with desired properties. Moreover, it is indicated that TNZC alloy is an attractive candidate for biomedical applications.
{"title":"High-throughput studies and machine learning for design of β titanium alloys with optimum properties","authors":"Wei-min CHEN , Jin-feng LING , Kewu BAI , Kai-hong ZHENG , Fu-xing YIN , Li-jun ZHANG , Yong DU","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66602-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66602-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on experimental data, machine learning (ML) models for Young’s modulus, hardness, and hot-working ability of Ti-based alloys were constructed. In the models, the interdiffusion and mechanical property data were high-throughput re-evaluated from composition variations and nanoindentation data of diffusion couples. Then, the Ti−(22±0.5)at.%Nb−(30±0.5)at.%Zr−(4±0.5)at.%Cr (TNZC) alloy with a single body-centered cubic (BCC) phase was screened in an interactive loop. The experimental results exhibited a relatively low Young’s modulus of (58±4) GPa, high nanohardness of (3.4±0.2) GPa, high microhardness of HV (520±5), high compressive yield strength of (1220±18) MPa, large plastic strain greater than 30%, and superior dry- and wet-wear resistance. This work demonstrates that ML combined with high-throughput analytic approaches can offer a powerful tool to accelerate the design of multicomponent Ti alloys with desired properties. Moreover, it is indicated that TNZC alloy is an attractive candidate for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3194-3207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66596-9
Guo-tong ZOU , Shi-jie CHEN , Ya-qi XU , Bao-kun SHEN , Yu-jia ZHANG , Ling-ying YE
Aluminium alloy is one of the earliest and most widely used superplastic materials. The objective of this work is to review the scientific advances in superplastic Al alloys. Particularly, the emphasis is placed on the microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of Al alloys during superplastic deformation. The evolution of grain structure, texture, secondary phase, and cavities during superplastic flow in typical superplastic Al alloys is discussed in detail. The quantitative evaluation of different deformation mechanisms based on the focus ion beam (FIB)-assisted surface study provides new insights into the superplasticity of Al alloys. The main features, such as grain boundary sliding, intragranular dislocation slip, and diffusion creep can be observed intuitively and analyzed quantitatively. This study provides some reference for the research of superplastic deformation mechanism and the development of superplastic Al alloys.
{"title":"Microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of superplastic aluminium alloys: A review","authors":"Guo-tong ZOU , Shi-jie CHEN , Ya-qi XU , Bao-kun SHEN , Yu-jia ZHANG , Ling-ying YE","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66596-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66596-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium alloy is one of the earliest and most widely used superplastic materials. The objective of this work is to review the scientific advances in superplastic Al alloys. Particularly, the emphasis is placed on the microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of Al alloys during superplastic deformation. The evolution of grain structure, texture, secondary phase, and cavities during superplastic flow in typical superplastic Al alloys is discussed in detail. The quantitative evaluation of different deformation mechanisms based on the focus ion beam (FIB)-assisted surface study provides new insights into the superplasticity of Al alloys. The main features, such as grain boundary sliding, intragranular dislocation slip, and diffusion creep can be observed intuitively and analyzed quantitatively. This study provides some reference for the research of superplastic deformation mechanism and the development of superplastic Al alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3069-3092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66599-4
San-xi DENG , Jin-feng LI , Li WANG , Yue-yan CHEN , Zheng-wu XIANG , Peng-cheng MA , Yong-lai CHEN , Dan-yang LIU
The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a T8-aged Al−Cu−Li alloy with increased pre-deformation (0−15%) were investigated, revealing the microstructure−strength relationship and the intrinsic strengthening mechanism. The results show that increasing the pre-deformation levels remarkably improves the strength of the alloy but deteriorates its ductility. Dislocations introduced by pre-deformation effectively suppress the formation of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones and provide more nucleation sites for T1 precipitates. This leads to more intensive and finer T1 precipitates in the samples with higher pre-deformation levels. Simultaneously, the enhanced precipitation of T1 precipitates and inhibited formation of GP zones cause the decreases in number and sizes of θ′ precipitates. The quantitative descriptions of the strength contributions from different strengthening mechanisms reveal that strengthening contributions from T1 and θ′ precipitates decrease with increasing pre-deformation. The reduced diameters of T1 precipitates are primarily responsible for their weakened strengthening effects. Therefore, the improved strength of the T8-aged Al−Cu−Li alloy is mainly attributed to the stronger strain hardening from the increased pre-deformation levels.
{"title":"Strengthening mechanism of T8-aged Al−Cu−Li alloy with increased pre-deformation","authors":"San-xi DENG , Jin-feng LI , Li WANG , Yue-yan CHEN , Zheng-wu XIANG , Peng-cheng MA , Yong-lai CHEN , Dan-yang LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66599-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66599-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a T8-aged Al−Cu−Li alloy with increased pre-deformation (0−15%) were investigated, revealing the microstructure−strength relationship and the intrinsic strengthening mechanism. The results show that increasing the pre-deformation levels remarkably improves the strength of the alloy but deteriorates its ductility. Dislocations introduced by pre-deformation effectively suppress the formation of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones and provide more nucleation sites for <em>T</em>1 precipitates. This leads to more intensive and finer <em>T</em>1 precipitates in the samples with higher pre-deformation levels. Simultaneously, the enhanced precipitation of <em>T</em>1 precipitates and inhibited formation of GP zones cause the decreases in number and sizes of <em>θ′</em> precipitates. The quantitative descriptions of the strength contributions from different strengthening mechanisms reveal that strengthening contributions from <em>T</em>1 and <em>θ′</em> precipitates decrease with increasing pre-deformation. The reduced diameters of <em>T</em>1 precipitates are primarily responsible for their weakened strengthening effects. Therefore, the improved strength of the T8-aged Al−Cu−Li alloy is mainly attributed to the stronger strain hardening from the increased pre-deformation levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3151-3169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66608-2
Aleksandr V. SHUITCEV , Yi REN , Ze-zhong ZHANG , Roman N. VASIN , Bin SUN , Li LI , Yun-xiang TONG
The effect of age hardening on the microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, and shape memory properties of the (Ni50Ti30Hf20)95V5 alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, microhardness, and bending tests. The results demonstrate a significant influence of V addition on the microstructure of the alloy. V addition leads to the formation of a (Ni,V)2(Ti,Hf)-type Laves phase, which coexists with B19‘ martensite at room temperature. Aging at 550 °C results in precipitation hardening due to the formation of nano-scale orthorhombic H-phase, with the peak hardness observed after 3 h of aging. The alloy at peak hardness state exhibits higher transformation strain and lower unrecovered strain compared to the solution-treated sample. The aged sample achieves a maximum transformation strain of 1.56% under 500 MPa.
通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、差示扫描量热、显微硬度和弯曲试验，研究了时效硬化对 (Ni50Ti30Hf20)95V5 合金的显微组织、马氏体转变行为和形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明，添加 V 对合金的微观结构有很大影响。添加 V 导致形成 (Ni,V)2(Ti,Hf) 型拉维斯相，在室温下与 B19' 马氏体共存。在 550 °C 下时效会导致纳米级正交 H 相形成沉淀硬化，时效 3 小时后可观察到峰值硬度。与溶液处理样品相比，处于硬度峰值状态的合金表现出更高的转化应变和更低的未恢复应变。老化样品在 500 兆帕下的最大变形应变为 1.56%。
{"title":"Microstructure and martensitic transformation in quaternary NiTiHfV alloy","authors":"Aleksandr V. SHUITCEV , Yi REN , Ze-zhong ZHANG , Roman N. VASIN , Bin SUN , Li LI , Yun-xiang TONG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66608-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66608-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of age hardening on the microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, and shape memory properties of the (Ni<sub>50</sub>Ti<sub>30</sub>Hf<sub>20</sub>)<sub>95</sub>V<sub>5</sub> alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, microhardness, and bending tests. The results demonstrate a significant influence of V addition on the microstructure of the alloy. V addition leads to the formation of a (Ni,V)<sub>2</sub>(Ti,Hf)-type Laves phase, which coexists with <em>B</em>19<em>‘</em> martensite at room temperature. Aging at 550 °C results in precipitation hardening due to the formation of nano-scale orthorhombic <em>H</em>-phase, with the peak hardness observed after 3 h of aging. The alloy at peak hardness state exhibits higher transformation strain and lower unrecovered strain compared to the solution-treated sample. The aged sample achieves a maximum transformation strain of 1.56% under 500 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3282-3294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66614-8
Zhong-lin DONG, Tao JIANG, Bin XU, Qian LI, Yong-bin YANG
The adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of gold from thiosulfate solution on strong-base anion exchange resin were systematically investigated. The comparison experiment of adsorption ability and selectivity for gold showed that gel Amberlite IRA-400 resin with Type I quaternary ammonium functional group had better adsorption performance. The increases of resin dosage, ammonia concentration and solution pH were favorable to gold adsorption, whereas the rises of cupric and thiosulfate concentrations were disadvantageous to gold loading. Microscopic characterization results indicated that gold was adsorbed in the form of [Au(S2O3)2]3– complex anion by exchanging with the counter ion Cl– in the functional group of the resin. Density functional theory calculation result manifested that gold adsorption was mainly depended on the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force generated between O atom in [Au(S2O3)2]3– and H atom in the quaternary ammonium functional group of the resin.
系统研究了强碱阴离子交换树脂对硫代硫酸盐溶液中金的吸附行为和机理。金的吸附能力和选择性对比实验表明，带有 I 型季铵官能团的凝胶 Amberlite IRA-400 树脂具有更好的吸附性能。树脂用量、氨浓度和溶液 pH 值的增加有利于金的吸附，而铜和硫代硫酸盐浓度的增加则不利于金的吸附。显微表征结果表明，金是以[Au(S2O3)2]3- 复阴离子的形式与树脂官能团中的反离子 Cl- 交换而被吸附的。密度泛函理论计算结果表明，金的吸附主要依赖于[Au(S2O3)2]3- 中的 O 原子与树脂季铵官能团中的 H 原子之间产生的氢键和范德华力。
{"title":"Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of gold recovery from thiosulfate solution by ion exchange resin","authors":"Zhong-lin DONG, Tao JIANG, Bin XU, Qian LI, Yong-bin YANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66614-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66614-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of gold from thiosulfate solution on strong-base anion exchange resin were systematically investigated. The comparison experiment of adsorption ability and selectivity for gold showed that gel Amberlite IRA-400 resin with Type I quaternary ammonium functional group had better adsorption performance. The increases of resin dosage, ammonia concentration and solution pH were favorable to gold adsorption, whereas the rises of cupric and thiosulfate concentrations were disadvantageous to gold loading. Microscopic characterization results indicated that gold was adsorbed in the form of [Au(S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3–</sup> complex anion by exchanging with the counter ion Cl<sup>–</sup> in the functional group of the resin. Density functional theory calculation result manifested that gold adsorption was mainly depended on the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force generated between O atom in [Au(S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3–</sup> and H atom in the quaternary ammonium functional group of the resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3372-3385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66607-0
Zhi-xian JIAO , Qing-zhou WANG , Yan-jun DING , Fu-xing YIN , Chao-hui XU , Cui-hong HAN , Qi-xiang FAN
In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu−11.9Al−2.5Mn shape memory alloy (SMA), multilayer graphene (MLG) carried by Cu51Zr14 inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG−Cu51Zr14 composite powders. In the resultant novel MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites, MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu−Al−Mn matrix. MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu−Al−Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn interfaces. The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites are significantly improved. When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%, the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558, tensile strength of 801.5 MPa, elongation of 10.8%, and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained. On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures, combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals, the relevant mechanisms are discussed.
{"title":"Improving comprehensive properties of Cu−11.9Al−2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu51Zr14 inoculant particles","authors":"Zhi-xian JIAO , Qing-zhou WANG , Yan-jun DING , Fu-xing YIN , Chao-hui XU , Cui-hong HAN , Qi-xiang FAN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66607-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66607-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu−11.9Al−2.5Mn shape memory alloy (SMA), multilayer graphene (MLG) carried by Cu<sub>51</sub>Zr<sub>14</sub> inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG−Cu<sub>51</sub>Zr<sub>14</sub> composite powders. In the resultant novel MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites, MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu−Al−Mn matrix. MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu−Al−Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn interfaces. The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu−Al−Mn composites are significantly improved. When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%, the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558, tensile strength of 801.5 MPa, elongation of 10.8%, and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained. On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures, combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals, the relevant mechanisms are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3265-3281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66616-1
Kai-fa DU , Wen-miao LI , Pei-lin WANG , Lei GUO , Di CHEN , Yong-song MA , Rui YU , Hua-yi YIN , Di-hua WANG
The corrosion inhibition efficacy of titanate (CaTiO3) for carbon anodes in molten salts was investigated through various analytical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the addition of CaTiO3 corrosion inhibitor efficiently passivates the carbon anode and leads to the formation of a dense CaTiO3 layer during the electrolysis process in molten CaCl2−CaO. Subsequently, the passivated carbon anode effectively undergoes the oxygen evolution reaction, with an optimal current density for passivation identified at 400 mA/cm2. Comprehensive investigations, including CaTiO3 solubility tests in molten CaCl2−CaO and numerical modeling of the stability of complex ionic structures, provide compelling evidence supporting “complexation−precipitation” passivation mechanism. This mechanism involves the initial formation of a complex containing TiO2·nCaO by CaTiO3 and CaO, which subsequently decomposes to yield CaTiO3, firmly coating the surface of the carbon anode. In practical applications, the integration of CaTiO3 corrosion inhibitor with the carbon anode leads to the successful preparation of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy without carbon contamination in the molten CaCl2−CaO.
{"title":"Calcium titanate corrosion inhibitor enabling carbon as inert anode for oxygen evolution in molten chlorides","authors":"Kai-fa DU , Wen-miao LI , Pei-lin WANG , Lei GUO , Di CHEN , Yong-song MA , Rui YU , Hua-yi YIN , Di-hua WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66616-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66616-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion inhibition efficacy of titanate (CaTiO<sub>3</sub>) for carbon anodes in molten salts was investigated through various analytical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the addition of CaTiO<sub>3</sub> corrosion inhibitor efficiently passivates the carbon anode and leads to the formation of a dense CaTiO<sub>3</sub> layer during the electrolysis process in molten CaCl<sub>2</sub>−CaO. Subsequently, the passivated carbon anode effectively undergoes the oxygen evolution reaction, with an optimal current density for passivation identified at 400 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Comprehensive investigations, including CaTiO<sub>3</sub> solubility tests in molten CaCl<sub>2</sub>−CaO and numerical modeling of the stability of complex ionic structures, provide compelling evidence supporting “complexation−precipitation” passivation mechanism. This mechanism involves the initial formation of a complex containing TiO<sub>2</sub>·<em>n</em>CaO by CaTiO<sub>3</sub> and CaO, which subsequently decomposes to yield CaTiO<sub>3</sub>, firmly coating the surface of the carbon anode. In practical applications, the integration of CaTiO<sub>3</sub> corrosion inhibitor with the carbon anode leads to the successful preparation of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy without carbon contamination in the molten CaCl<sub>2</sub>−CaO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3400-3411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66597-0
Chang-chang LIU, Yang-huan-zi LI, Ji GU, Min SONG
Due to a series of exceptional properties, titanium and titanium alloys have received extensive attention in recent years. Different from other alloy systems, there are two allotropes and a sequence of metastable phases in titanium alloys. By summarizing the recent investigations, the phase transformation processes corresponding to the common phases and also some less reported phases are reviewed. For the phase transformation only involving α and β phases, it can be divided into β→α transformation and a reverse transformation. The former one has been demonstrated from the orientation relationship between α and β phases and the regulation of α morphology. For the latter transformation, the role of the stress has been discussed. In terms of the metastable phases, the mechanisms of phase formation and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties have been discussed. Finally, some suggestions about the development of titanium alloys have been proposed.
{"title":"Phase transformation in titanium alloys: A review","authors":"Chang-chang LIU, Yang-huan-zi LI, Ji GU, Min SONG","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66597-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66597-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to a series of exceptional properties, titanium and titanium alloys have received extensive attention in recent years. Different from other alloy systems, there are two allotropes and a sequence of metastable phases in titanium alloys. By summarizing the recent investigations, the phase transformation processes corresponding to the common phases and also some less reported phases are reviewed. For the phase transformation only involving <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> phases, it can be divided into <em>β</em>→<em>α</em> transformation and a reverse transformation. The former one has been demonstrated from the orientation relationship between <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> phases and the regulation of <em>α</em> morphology. For the latter transformation, the role of the stress has been discussed. In terms of the metastable phases, the mechanisms of phase formation and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties have been discussed. Finally, some suggestions about the development of titanium alloys have been proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3093-3117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety, cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface (AEI) have hindered their practical application. Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs. The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed. A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided. The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed, including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering, which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.
{"title":"Electrolyte engineering for optimizing anode/electrolyte interface towards superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries: A review","authors":"Hua-ming YU, Dong-ping CHEN, Li-jin ZHANG, Shao-zhen HUANG, Liang-jun ZHOU, Gui-chao KUANG, Wei-feng WEI, Li-bao CHEN, Yue-jiao CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66598-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1003-6326(24)66598-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety, cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface (AEI) have hindered their practical application. Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs. The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed. A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided. The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed, including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering, which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23191,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China","volume":"34 10","pages":"Pages 3118-3150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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