Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10903002
Xiaobai Hu
Abstract In the fifteenth century, Tibetan Buddhist monks from the northern Sino-Tibetan borderland played an important role in facilitating religious and political contacts between Ming China and the Tibetan world. With the rise of their political status and religious influence at the Ming court, these Buddhist hierarchs also projected imperial endorsements to the Sino-Tibetan borderland and reshaped the local social structure. This article examines how Penden Trashi, one of the most eminent Tibetan Buddhist monks of the fifteenth century, contributed to the rise of a clan-based Tibetan Buddhist society in early Ming Minzhou 岷州. By scrutinizing Penden Trashi’s biography and personal letters to identify his role in forging the dharma succession pattern and monastic association mode in Minzhou, this article illuminates how imperial patronage reconstructed the power dynamic in the fifteenth-century Sino-Tibetan borderland.
{"title":"The Dharma King Who Took Care of His Family: Penden Trashi and the Rise of a Clan-Based Tibetan Buddhist Society in the Fifteenth-Century Northern Sino-Tibetan Borderland","authors":"Xiaobai Hu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10903002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10903002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the fifteenth century, Tibetan Buddhist monks from the northern Sino-Tibetan borderland played an important role in facilitating religious and political contacts between Ming China and the Tibetan world. With the rise of their political status and religious influence at the Ming court, these Buddhist hierarchs also projected imperial endorsements to the Sino-Tibetan borderland and reshaped the local social structure. This article examines how Penden Trashi, one of the most eminent Tibetan Buddhist monks of the fifteenth century, contributed to the rise of a clan-based Tibetan Buddhist society in early Ming Minzhou 岷州. By scrutinizing Penden Trashi’s biography and personal letters to identify his role in forging the dharma succession pattern and monastic association mode in Minzhou, this article illuminates how imperial patronage reconstructed the power dynamic in the fifteenth-century Sino-Tibetan borderland.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10903007
Yixin Gu
Abstract This article investigates the introductory formula zhuan yue 傳曰 (“a transmitted source says”) in early China, together with its “quotations” and their parallel texts. Rarely found in pre-imperial texts, the zhuan yue formula gained prominence especially from the mid-Western Han onward. As a vague, unspecific gesture of reference, the formula was flexibly applied to varying functions but also used with limited patterns and regularity. Both the formula and the quoted material are almost never found in the core texts of the “Five Classics” ( wujing 五經); instead, zhuan yue appears to indicate sources that existed as an open repository outside of the emerging canon. Thus, in marking the non-canonical body, zhuan yue also helped define the canonical one. Finally, another usage of zhuan yue —which emerged in early Han times if not earlier—as an introduction to specific zhuan -commentaries of the classics is clearly a separate function altogether.
{"title":"Transmitted Sayings and Their Transmissibility: Patterns and Meanings of Zhuan yue 傳曰 Quotations in Early Chinese Texts","authors":"Yixin Gu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10903007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10903007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the introductory formula zhuan yue 傳曰 (“a transmitted source says”) in early China, together with its “quotations” and their parallel texts. Rarely found in pre-imperial texts, the zhuan yue formula gained prominence especially from the mid-Western Han onward. As a vague, unspecific gesture of reference, the formula was flexibly applied to varying functions but also used with limited patterns and regularity. Both the formula and the quoted material are almost never found in the core texts of the “Five Classics” ( wujing 五經); instead, zhuan yue appears to indicate sources that existed as an open repository outside of the emerging canon. Thus, in marking the non-canonical body, zhuan yue also helped define the canonical one. Finally, another usage of zhuan yue —which emerged in early Han times if not earlier—as an introduction to specific zhuan -commentaries of the classics is clearly a separate function altogether.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10903001
Jiani Chen
Abstract This article traces the first generation of Ming courtesan poets and the earliest extant anthology recording both their poems and full names. These pioneering courtesan poets emerged from anonymity in the city of Nanjing during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. They represented a new mode of literary production and circulation in the context of social, economic, and cultural transformation which began in the mid-Ming. To better situate courtesan poets within the Ming world of letters, we examine the various sources recording their biographical information and literary/artistic creations.
{"title":"Entering Anthologies with Names: The First Generation of Courtesan Poets in Ming Dynasty Nanjing","authors":"Jiani Chen","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10903001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10903001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article traces the first generation of Ming courtesan poets and the earliest extant anthology recording both their poems and full names. These pioneering courtesan poets emerged from anonymity in the city of Nanjing during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. They represented a new mode of literary production and circulation in the context of social, economic, and cultural transformation which began in the mid-Ming. To better situate courtesan poets within the Ming world of letters, we examine the various sources recording their biographical information and literary/artistic creations.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135047862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10903005
David W. Pankenier
{"title":"Maître de Huainan: Traité des Figures Célestes 淮南子 “天文訓” , by Marc Kalinowski (trans., ed.)","authors":"David W. Pankenier","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10903005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10903005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10901009
Josh Stenberg
{"title":"Indes néerlandaises et culture chinoise. Deux traductions malaises du Roman des Trois Royaumes (1910–1913) , by Ge Song","authors":"Josh Stenberg","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10901009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10901009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81577381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10901003
Aaron Throness
This essay offers a critical biography of one of Ming China’s (1368–1644) most exceptional yet understudied princes, Zhu Zhanshan 朱瞻墡 (1406–1478), Prince Xian of Xiang 襄憲王. It also complicates our understanding of Ming princes by recounting Zhu Zhanshan’s exceptional relationship with the Ming throne, which presents a unique case study of intense princely engagement in capital affairs. In pursuit of these endeavors, this essay recounts and analyzes the major events in Zhu Zhanshan’s life. These include his political engagements in Beijing during dynastic crises, intellectual development, decades-long interactions with Ming emperors and capital leadership, visits to Beijing, and contributions to local religion in his Xiangyang investiture. The essay concludes with an evaluation of Zhu Zhanshan, his place in the Ming commentarial tradition, and state-princedom relations.
{"title":"A Critical Biography of Zhu Zhanshan, Prince Xian of Xiang (1406–1478)","authors":"Aaron Throness","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10901003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10901003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay offers a critical biography of one of Ming China’s (1368–1644) most exceptional yet understudied princes, Zhu Zhanshan 朱瞻墡 (1406–1478), Prince Xian of Xiang 襄憲王. It also complicates our understanding of Ming princes by recounting Zhu Zhanshan’s exceptional relationship with the Ming throne, which presents a unique case study of intense princely engagement in capital affairs. In pursuit of these endeavors, this essay recounts and analyzes the major events in Zhu Zhanshan’s life. These include his political engagements in Beijing during dynastic crises, intellectual development, decades-long interactions with Ming emperors and capital leadership, visits to Beijing, and contributions to local religion in his Xiangyang investiture. The essay concludes with an evaluation of Zhu Zhanshan, his place in the Ming commentarial tradition, and state-princedom relations.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75294228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10901006
Charles Hartman
{"title":"Empowered by Ancestors: Controversy Over the Imperial Temple in Song China (960–1279) , by Cheung Hiu Yu","authors":"Charles Hartman","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10901006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10901006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85094135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10901008
C. Swatek
{"title":"Staging Personhood: Costuming in Early Qing Drama , by Guojun Wang","authors":"C. Swatek","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10901008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10901008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87153821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10901002
M. Chu
This article discusses how Southern Song literati’s changing perceptions of the three memoirs of Li Gang 李綱 (1083–1140) and Wang Boyan 汪伯彥 (1069–1141) shaped their posthumous reputations. Both men served as chief councilor in the early Southern Song. Literati in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries became increasingly skeptical of Wang Boyan’s memoir, a work that had been considered as authentic decades earlier. Partly driven by their irredentist passion and their disappointment with autocratic councilors, literati identified with the hawkish Li and supported the printing of his works. After Li’s formerly lesser-known personal memoir had a wider circulation in the thirteenth century, daoxue 道學 historians deliberately adopted his overt criticism of Wang to form a new narrative that praised Li and vilified Wang. The posthumous reputations of the two men went into two extremes as a result—Wang was nefarious while Li was an illustrious minister.
{"title":"The Making of a Hero and a Villain: Southern Song Literati’s Changing Perceptions of the Memoirs of Li Gang and Wang Boyan","authors":"M. Chu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10901002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10901002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses how Southern Song literati’s changing perceptions of the three memoirs of Li Gang 李綱 (1083–1140) and Wang Boyan 汪伯彥 (1069–1141) shaped their posthumous reputations. Both men served as chief councilor in the early Southern Song. Literati in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries became increasingly skeptical of Wang Boyan’s memoir, a work that had been considered as authentic decades earlier. Partly driven by their irredentist passion and their disappointment with autocratic councilors, literati identified with the hawkish Li and supported the printing of his works. After Li’s formerly lesser-known personal memoir had a wider circulation in the thirteenth century, daoxue 道學 historians deliberately adopted his overt criticism of Wang to form a new narrative that praised Li and vilified Wang. The posthumous reputations of the two men went into two extremes as a result—Wang was nefarious while Li was an illustrious minister.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82912981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10901005
Alexis Lycas
{"title":"Le glaive et la charrue. Soldats et paysans chinois à la conquête de l’Ouest. L’histoire d’un échec , by Éric Trombert","authors":"Alexis Lycas","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10901005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10901005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81507417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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