Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10634p07
K. Chemla
{"title":"The Continuation of Ancient Mathematics: Wang Xiatong’s Jigu suanjing, Algebra, and Geometry in 7th-Century China, written by Tina Su Lyn Lim and Donald B. Wagner, 2017","authors":"K. Chemla","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10634p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10634p07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"1 1","pages":"466-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76043346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10634p02
Edward L. Shaughnessy
Volume 8 of Qinghua daxue cang Zhanguo zhujian 清華大學藏戰國竹簡 contains a manuscript entitled by the editors *She ming 攝命 (*Command to She), which they argue is the original version of the ancient-script “Jiong ming” 囧命 (“Command to Jiong”) chapter of the Shangshu 尚書. I review the evidence for this and further provide a full translation of the text. I also consider possible implications of the *She ming for Western Zhou history, and how the text may have been transmitted from the time of its original composition, perhaps in the ninth century BCE, to the time that the Tsinghua manuscript was copied, probably in the fourth century BCE.
{"title":"A Possible Lost Classic: The *She ming, or *Command to She","authors":"Edward L. Shaughnessy","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10634p02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10634p02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Volume 8 of Qinghua daxue cang Zhanguo zhujian 清華大學藏戰國竹簡 contains a manuscript entitled by the editors *She ming 攝命 (*Command to She), which they argue is the original version of the ancient-script “Jiong ming” 囧命 (“Command to Jiong”) chapter of the Shangshu 尚書. I review the evidence for this and further provide a full translation of the text. I also consider possible implications of the *She ming for Western Zhou history, and how the text may have been transmitted from the time of its original composition, perhaps in the ninth century BCE, to the time that the Tsinghua manuscript was copied, probably in the fourth century BCE.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"487 1","pages":"266-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81409198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10634p05
Mårten Söderblom Saarela
Joshua Marshman, English Baptist missionary in India, spent the decade between 1805 and 1814 studying the Chinese language. Marshman’s unique vantage point in India makes him stand out among European Sinologists of his time. Marshman’s familiarity with Indian languages and the local traditions of studying them informed his speculative publications on Chinese. Learning Chinese from a native informant was not enough for him. He thought that only through a mastery of both Sanskrit and Mandarin could the Chinese language be really comprehended and put to use by foreign missionaries and scholars alike. This article examines Marshman’s course of study and his publications on the Chinese language. It argues that although Marshman’s hope to forge a hybrid, Sanskrit-infused Sinology appeared as a dead end in his time, he was right to focus on the importance of foreign contacts in the formation of the modern Chinese language.
{"title":"Joshua Marshman and the Study of Spoken Chinese","authors":"Mårten Söderblom Saarela","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10634p05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10634p05","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Joshua Marshman, English Baptist missionary in India, spent the decade between 1805 and 1814 studying the Chinese language. Marshman’s unique vantage point in India makes him stand out among European Sinologists of his time. Marshman’s familiarity with Indian languages and the local traditions of studying them informed his speculative publications on Chinese. Learning Chinese from a native informant was not enough for him. He thought that only through a mastery of both Sanskrit and Mandarin could the Chinese language be really comprehended and put to use by foreign missionaries and scholars alike. This article examines Marshman’s course of study and his publications on the Chinese language. It argues that although Marshman’s hope to forge a hybrid, Sanskrit-infused Sinology appeared as a dead end in his time, he was right to focus on the importance of foreign contacts in the formation of the modern Chinese language.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"2013 1","pages":"401-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88127905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10634p03
Wang Jinping
This article demonstrates the central position that Daoists occupied in the representations of state power in north China under Mongol rule. In the mid-thirteenth century, Daoist Master Jiang Shanxin and his disciples, under Khubilai Khan’s patronage, actively rebuilt several temples of Confucian sage-kings in southern Shanxi province. Jiang Shanxin’s lineage was a product of dynamic interactions between the Mongol conquerors and local Chinese Daoists in which the two found common ground in sage-kings worship that had served to strengthen imperial legitimacy in previous dynasties. The strong Mongol-Daoist alliance in reordering the empire’s ritual space resulted in not just the revival of but also the creation of new ritual precedents for the Chinese imperial cult of sage-kings.
{"title":"Daoists, the Imperial Cult of Sage-Kings, and Mongol Rule","authors":"Wang Jinping","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10634p03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10634p03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article demonstrates the central position that Daoists occupied in the representations of state power in north China under Mongol rule. In the mid-thirteenth century, Daoist Master Jiang Shanxin and his disciples, under Khubilai Khan’s patronage, actively rebuilt several temples of Confucian sage-kings in southern Shanxi province. Jiang Shanxin’s lineage was a product of dynamic interactions between the Mongol conquerors and local Chinese Daoists in which the two found common ground in sage-kings worship that had served to strengthen imperial legitimacy in previous dynasties. The strong Mongol-Daoist alliance in reordering the empire’s ritual space resulted in not just the revival of but also the creation of new ritual precedents for the Chinese imperial cult of sage-kings.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"5 1","pages":"309-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88181354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10634p01
S. Cook
This paper takes a fresh look at music-theoretical information to be gleaned from a comparison of pitch-frequency measurements to inscriptional information from the massive bronze bell-set excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng and attempts to place it in the context of knowledge derived from received texts of Warring States China. After examining several textual witnesses to conceptions of music theory from that era, the paper observes how similar conceptions may have informed the inscribers of the Zeng bells, who employed a system of nomenclature that diverged in subtle yet important ways from formulations of their philosophical counterparts. The final two sections explore possible implications of the bells’ relatively unique terminology from the standpoints of scale structures and musical temperament, respectively, looking for consistent patterns of tone-to-key distributions and clues to the possible deployment of a system of intonation designed to temper the twelve-tone gamut.
{"title":"Technology in a New Key: Toward a Reexamination of Musical Theory and Practice in the Zeng Hou Yi 曾侯乙 Bells","authors":"S. Cook","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10634p01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10634p01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper takes a fresh look at music-theoretical information to be gleaned from a comparison of pitch-frequency measurements to inscriptional information from the massive bronze bell-set excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng and attempts to place it in the context of knowledge derived from received texts of Warring States China. After examining several textual witnesses to conceptions of music theory from that era, the paper observes how similar conceptions may have informed the inscribers of the Zeng bells, who employed a system of nomenclature that diverged in subtle yet important ways from formulations of their philosophical counterparts. The final two sections explore possible implications of the bells’ relatively unique terminology from the standpoints of scale structures and musical temperament, respectively, looking for consistent patterns of tone-to-key distributions and clues to the possible deployment of a system of intonation designed to temper the twelve-tone gamut.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"93 1","pages":"219-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82163240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10556p02
Ju-chün Wu
The late sixteenth-century Chinese book market witnessed the emergence of a new type of literature: collections of courtroom tales or gong’an 公案,1 written in simple classical language (wenyan 文言) with some colloquial elements,2 and sold in cheaply bound editions. These tales were written by anonymous authors and were probably aimed at a broad readership, including people of high to moderate literacy. These stories contain many types of characters, both good and bad: there are just and wise as well as corrupt and incompetent magistrates; chaste and lustful women; righteous and criminal merchants. But when it comes to Buddhist monks, the portrayal is entirely negative. Not one features, say, as a detective friend of the magistrate, helping to reveal the truth and restore justice. They are always suspected or convicted of crimes, especially sex crimes. Bad Daoist clerics are less common in these stories. This was not because Daoists had a better reputation than Buddhist monks (in fact, there are many late imperial anecdotes about Daoist clerics practicing evil magic). Rather, it was because sex crimes
{"title":"Sex in the Cloister: Behind the Image of the “Criminal Monk” in Ming Courtroom Tales","authors":"Ju-chün Wu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10556p02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10556p02","url":null,"abstract":"The late sixteenth-century Chinese book market witnessed the emergence of a new type of literature: collections of courtroom tales or gong’an 公案,1 written in simple classical language (wenyan 文言) with some colloquial elements,2 and sold in cheaply bound editions. These tales were written by anonymous authors and were probably aimed at a broad readership, including people of high to moderate literacy. These stories contain many types of characters, both good and bad: there are just and wise as well as corrupt and incompetent magistrates; chaste and lustful women; righteous and criminal merchants. But when it comes to Buddhist monks, the portrayal is entirely negative. Not one features, say, as a detective friend of the magistrate, helping to reveal the truth and restore justice. They are always suspected or convicted of crimes, especially sex crimes. Bad Daoist clerics are less common in these stories. This was not because Daoists had a better reputation than Buddhist monks (in fact, there are many late imperial anecdotes about Daoist clerics practicing evil magic). Rather, it was because sex crimes","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"6 1","pages":"545-586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88102992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10612p03
L. Waring
A single bamboo slip was found at Mawangdui tomb M2 inside the passageway leading to the pit where Li Cang (d. ca. 186 BCE), the Marquis of Dai and Prime Minister of Changsha, was buried. Though almost entirely unnoticed in previous scholarship, the M2 slip has much to tell us about the overlapping textual, ritual, administrative, and funerary practices of early Western Han China. I offer a description of the slip, translations of its contents, a consideration of how it was used at the tomb site, and an analysis of what its archaeological context tells us about the use of talismans in Western Han burials. Specifically, I show that the slip originally formed part of a multi-piece tomb inventory manuscript, and that it was removed and ritually deposited inside the passageway in order to protect the tomb from robbers and malevolent spirits.
{"title":"What the Single Bamboo Slip Found in Mawangdui Tomb M2 Tells Us about Text and Ritual in Early China","authors":"L. Waring","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10612p03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10612p03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A single bamboo slip was found at Mawangdui tomb M2 inside the passageway leading to the pit where Li Cang (d. ca. 186 BCE), the Marquis of Dai and Prime Minister of Changsha, was buried. Though almost entirely unnoticed in previous scholarship, the M2 slip has much to tell us about the overlapping textual, ritual, administrative, and funerary practices of early Western Han China. I offer a description of the slip, translations of its contents, a consideration of how it was used at the tomb site, and an analysis of what its archaeological context tells us about the use of talismans in Western Han burials. Specifically, I show that the slip originally formed part of a multi-piece tomb inventory manuscript, and that it was removed and ritually deposited inside the passageway in order to protect the tomb from robbers and malevolent spirits.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"9 1","pages":"56-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75251833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10612p01
B. Mittler
{"title":"Rudolf G. Wagner – A Man of Many Dreams","authors":"B. Mittler","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10612p01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10612p01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85309141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10556p07
P. Katz
{"title":"Paradigm Shifts in Early and Modern Chinese Religion: A History, written by John Lagerwey, 2018","authors":"P. Katz","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10556p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10556p07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"82 1","pages":"649-652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77130583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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