Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10556p03
Sufen Xu
This article examines the life and poetry of Wang Wei, one of the most distinguished courtesan poets of the Ming dynasty. Through an examination of her courtesan career, her friendship networks in literati circles, and her adoption of multiple identities such as xianren (person of leisure), daoren (person of the Dao), and shiren (poet), it seeks to illustrate what I believe is an important explanation for the flourishing of late Ming courtesan and literati culture. The rising prominence of learned and literary courtesans was strongly connected to a new social formation of nonconformist literati, the “men of the mountains” (shanren). These nonofficial urban elites of the prosperous Jiangnan region fashioned themselves as retired literati, devoting themselves to art, recreation, and self-invention, instead of government service. In constructing an “artistic and hedonistic counterculture,” they encouraged the involvement of both courtesans and literary women of the gentry class.
{"title":"The Courtesan as Famous Scholar: The Case of Wang Wei (ca. 1598-ca. 1647)","authors":"Sufen Xu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10556p03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10556p03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the life and poetry of Wang Wei, one of the most distinguished courtesan poets of the Ming dynasty. Through an examination of her courtesan career, her friendship networks in literati circles, and her adoption of multiple identities such as xianren (person of leisure), daoren (person of the Dao), and shiren (poet), it seeks to illustrate what I believe is an important explanation for the flourishing of late Ming courtesan and literati culture. The rising prominence of learned and literary courtesans was strongly connected to a new social formation of nonconformist literati, the “men of the mountains” (shanren). These nonofficial urban elites of the prosperous Jiangnan region fashioned themselves as retired literati, devoting themselves to art, recreation, and self-invention, instead of government service. In constructing an “artistic and hedonistic counterculture,” they encouraged the involvement of both courtesans and literary women of the gentry class.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83075416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10556p01
J. Kotyk
This paper explores the historicity of state and Buddhist accounts of the monk Xuanzang 玄奘 (602-664), arguing that in the reconstruction of Xuanzang’s life and career we ought to utilize the former to help adjudicate the latter. It is specifically argued that the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳 (T. no. 2053), a biography of Xuanzang sometimes cited by modern scholars, was produced as Buddhist propaganda to advance the standing of certain monks under the reign of Wu Zetian 武則天 (r. 690-705). It is further argued that the objectivity of the Buddhist account that describes Emperor Taizong 太宗 (r. 626-649) embracing Buddhism in his twilight years under the influence of Xuanzang ought to be reconsidered.
{"title":"Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳","authors":"J. Kotyk","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10556p01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10556p01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores the historicity of state and Buddhist accounts of the monk Xuanzang 玄奘 (602-664), arguing that in the reconstruction of Xuanzang’s life and career we ought to utilize the former to help adjudicate the latter. It is specifically argued that the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳 (T. no. 2053), a biography of Xuanzang sometimes cited by modern scholars, was produced as Buddhist propaganda to advance the standing of certain monks under the reign of Wu Zetian 武則天 (r. 690-705). It is further argued that the objectivity of the Buddhist account that describes Emperor Taizong 太宗 (r. 626-649) embracing Buddhism in his twilight years under the influence of Xuanzang ought to be reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83692206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10556p08
A. Romano
{"title":"Global Entanglements of a Man Who Never Traveled: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Christian and His Conflicted Worlds, written by Dominic Sachsenmaier, 2018","authors":"A. Romano","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10556p08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10556p08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85208126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10556p04
Florence Bretelle‐Establet
{"title":"Novel Medicine: Healing, Literature, and Popular Knowledge in Early Modern China, written by Andrew Schonebaum, 2016","authors":"Florence Bretelle‐Establet","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10556p04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10556p04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79653425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10345P09
R. Lanselle
{"title":"Women and the Literary World in Early Modern China, 1580-1700 , written by Daria Berg, 2013","authors":"R. Lanselle","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87594800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10345P04
Anna M. Shields
This article examines the Tang dynasty anecdote collection Guo shi bu 國史補 (Supplement to the History of the State), compiled by Li Zhao 李肇 (?-after 827) in part as a critique of imperial government and elite social mores of the early decades of the ninth century. A quantitative analysis of topic frequency and distribution in the collection reveals Li Zhao’s techniques for depicting the corruption or political brilliance of the reigns of Tang emperors, as well as his admiration of powerful aristocratic clans, and his disdain for social climbing, perspectives that likely stemmed from his experiences as an official in Xianzong’s court and his elite family background. Understanding the organization, underlying themes, and structure of individual anecdotes of the Guo shi bu allows us to see the ways that anecdotes and “miscellaneous” histories ultimately shaped official accounts of the Tang dynasty. Cet article examine la collection d’anecdotes d’epoque Tang Guo shi bu 國史補 (supplement a l’histoire de l’Etat) compilee par Li Zhao 李肇 (?-apres 827), et la considere en partie comme une critique du gouvernement imperial et des mœurs des elites au debut du ixe siecle. Une analyse quantitative des themes traites, dans leur frequence et leur repartition au sein de l’ouvrage permet de reveler les techniques mises en œuvre par Li Zhao pour decrire la corruption ou le rayonnement politique des regnes des empereurs Tang successifs, son admiration pour les grands clans aristocratiques, et son dedain pour les parvenus et l’ascension sociale. Li herite certainement cette vision de son experience en tant que fonctionnaire a la cour de Xianzong ainsi que de son ascendance au sein des elites. Une telle comprehension de l’organisation du Guo shi bu , de ses themes sous-jacents et de la structure des anecdotes prises individuellement nous permet de mieux saisir comment les anecdotes et les miscellanees ont fini par determiner le contenu des histoires officielles de la dynastie des Tang.
本文考察了唐代李昭编著的《国史补编》(《国史补编》)。(公元827年之后)，部分是对九世纪早期帝国政府和精英社会习俗的批判。通过对该文集中主题的频率和分布进行定量分析，可以发现李昭在描写唐朝皇帝统治时期的腐败或政治辉煌方面的技巧，以及他对强大的贵族氏族的钦佩，以及他对社会攀爬的蔑视，这些观点可能源于他在贤宗朝廷的官员经历和他的精英家庭背景。了解《国史记》中个别轶事的组织、潜在主题和结构，可以让我们看到轶事和“杂”史最终塑造唐朝官方叙述的方式。 其他文章考察《时代奇闻集》唐国史编(补编a l 'histoire de l 'Etat)编撰par Li Zhao (?)(apres 827)，让我们考虑一下共产党的社会主义政府的批判和帝国主义的社会主义mœurs社会主义精英的首次亮相。一个定量分析des主题特征,他们在频数等让他们重新分区盟盛de l 'ouvrage狂欢者莱斯技术米塞斯enœuvre par李赵倒描写la腐败欧勒rayonnement预见政治des regnes des售价唐successifs,儿子羡慕倒les芳氏族aristocratiques,等儿子dedain倒les新贵et l 'ascension sociale。李herite certainement这个愿景de儿子经验在中间,fonctionnaire de la cour请看明宪宗是儿子崛起盟盛des精英。“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”，“一语道破”。
{"title":"The “Supplementary” Historian? Li Zhao’s Guo shi bu as Mid-Tang Political and Social Critique","authors":"Anna M. Shields","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Tang dynasty anecdote collection Guo shi bu 國史補 (Supplement to the History of the State), compiled by Li Zhao 李肇 (?-after 827) in part as a critique of imperial government and elite social mores of the early decades of the ninth century. A quantitative analysis of topic frequency and distribution in the collection reveals Li Zhao’s techniques for depicting the corruption or political brilliance of the reigns of Tang emperors, as well as his admiration of powerful aristocratic clans, and his disdain for social climbing, perspectives that likely stemmed from his experiences as an official in Xianzong’s court and his elite family background. Understanding the organization, underlying themes, and structure of individual anecdotes of the Guo shi bu allows us to see the ways that anecdotes and “miscellaneous” histories ultimately shaped official accounts of the Tang dynasty.\u2029Cet article examine la collection d’anecdotes d’epoque Tang Guo shi bu 國史補 (supplement a l’histoire de l’Etat) compilee par Li Zhao 李肇 (?-apres 827), et la considere en partie comme une critique du gouvernement imperial et des mœurs des elites au debut du ixe siecle. Une analyse quantitative des themes traites, dans leur frequence et leur repartition au sein de l’ouvrage permet de reveler les techniques mises en œuvre par Li Zhao pour decrire la corruption ou le rayonnement politique des regnes des empereurs Tang successifs, son admiration pour les grands clans aristocratiques, et son dedain pour les parvenus et l’ascension sociale. Li herite certainement cette vision de son experience en tant que fonctionnaire a la cour de Xianzong ainsi que de son ascendance au sein des elites. Une telle comprehension de l’organisation du Guo shi bu , de ses themes sous-jacents et de la structure des anecdotes prises individuellement nous permet de mieux saisir comment les anecdotes et les miscellanees ont fini par determiner le contenu des histoires officielles de la dynastie des Tang.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84259569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10345P11
O. Milburn
{"title":"Island of Guanyin: Mount Putuo and Its Gazetteers , written by Marcus Bingenheimer, 2016","authors":"O. Milburn","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85345142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10345P10
P. Goldin
{"title":"In Search of the Way: Legal Philosophy of the Classic Chinese Thinkers , written by Wejen Chang, 2016","authors":"P. Goldin","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80097028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10345P06
C. Despeux
{"title":"Tea in China: A Religious and Cultural History , written by James A. Benn, 2015","authors":"C. Despeux","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72966705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10345P02
D. Felt
Sui and Tang historians constructed a geographical conceptualization for the Northern and Southern Dynasties that depicted them as equal and complementary halves of one greater whole, now “unified” under the Sui-Tang empire. This spatial model has been the dominant way in which modern historians have thought about the fifth and sixth centuries. But literati of that time conceptualized their geopolitical landscape very differently. This article examines the varied ways in which literati of the Northern and Southern Dynasties conceptualized their own geopolitical landscape. In each of the models examined, the spatial relationship between north and south is described as hierarchical and adversarial, differing considerably from the equal and complementary model espoused by Tang historians. Les historiens des epoques Sui et Tang ont elabore une conceptualisation geographique des dynasties du Nord et du Sud qui les decrit comme les moities egales et complementaires d’un tout, unifie par les empires Sui et Tang. Ce modele spatial est devenu le principal mode d’apprehension de l’histoire des ve et vie siecles pour les historiens modernes. Les intellectuels de ces deux siecles cependant, avaient de toutes autres conceptions de leur paysage geopolitique. Cet article examine ces differentes conceptions; il identifie plusieurs modeles, dans lesquels les relations entre Nord et Sud sont toujours decrites comme hierarchiques et hostiles, au contraire du modele complementaire adopte ensuite par les historiens des Tang
隋唐历史学家为南北朝构建了一个地理概念，将它们描绘成一个更大整体的平等互补的两个部分，现在在隋唐帝国的“统一”下。这种空间模型一直是现代历史学家研究五、六世纪的主要方式。但当时的文人对地缘政治格局的概念非常不同。本文考察了南北朝文人对本国地缘政治格局的不同概念化方式。在每一个模型中，南北之间的空间关系都被描述为等级和敌对的，与唐朝历史学家所支持的平等和互补的模型有很大不同。隋唐时期的历史学家没有阐述一个概念，地理上的朝代，北方和南方的朝代，也没有描述，统一隋唐时期的帝国。这种空间模式发展为历史的主要理解模式，发展为历史的主要理解模式，发展为历史的主要理解模式。Les intellectuels de des deux 60 - endent, avaient de teteres res概念de leur payage地缘政治。这篇文章考察了两个不同的概念;我将识别出多种模式，如南北方之间的关系，南北方之间的关系，南北方之间的关系，南北方之间的关系，南北方之间的关系，南北方之间的关系，南北方之间的关系
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